US1265910A - Apparatus for delivering a mixture of gases. - Google Patents

Description

J. A. HEIDBRINK. APPARATUS FOR DELIVERIH IG A MIXTURE 0F GASES.

APPLICATION FlLED SEPLZG, I912.

Patented My 14, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

M36565: ##Qmw J. A HEIDBRINK.

APPARATUS FOR DELIVERING A MIXTURE 0F GASES. APPLICATION FILED sen. 26. 1912.

1 ,26 5,910. Patented May 14, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

9 1.9' 52 0 e 55 is? I J m Za's ifibryey.

' larly pointed oxygen be fed to the respirator.

JAY- A. HEIDIBBINK, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

APPARATUS FOR nnuvaame a mxx'rnnn or seams.

Specification of Letters ratent.

Patented May 14, 1918.

Application filed September 26, 1912. Serial No. 792,455.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAY A. Hnmnnmx, a citizen of, .the United States, .residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Delivering a Mixture of Gases, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an apparatus for delivering a mixture of two or more see to be used as an anesthetic. The invention has for its object primarily to deliver to a gas bag a mixture of two gases, such, for example, as nitrous oxid and oxygen in proper proportions for producin anesthesia as in a ven patient. And t e apparatus embo ying my invention provides means for read and lIlStflIltOOIltl'Ol of the flow of gas so t at the roportions of gases may be varied at wil but such that when a given proportion of gas is desired more or less of gas mixture in such proportion may be delivered at will to the. gas bag and the flow of gas in that proportion be continued indefinitel whatever the rate of flow.

It is a so an object of my invention to provide means whereby the mixture of gases may be cut oil and a single gas such as pure I also provide novel means for warming the gas as it passes from the container to the gas bag as well as means for permitting re-breathing where such may be desirable.

The full objects and advantages of my invention will appear in connection with the detailed description thereof and are particuout in the claims. In the drawings, illustrating'the application of my invention in one form,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a gas administerin apparatus embodying my invention. ig. 2 is aplan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a fra entary sectional elevation on line 3-3 of ig.,2. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the valve 3 viewed at right angles thereto. 5 is an enlarged view of the scale for indicating the va ve opening, Fig. 6 indicates a form of markin for the dials of the gages.

An ordinary ase 10 has 12 in a table 13 having a pair of arms '14. Each of the arms 14 has secured thereto a crossbar15 provided with avalved aperture mechanism shown in Fig.

secured centrally thereon a standard 11 threaded into a socket 16, and each crossbar has at the end thereof a yoke 17 within which the heads 18 of gas containers 19 are adapted to be positioned and secured in communication with the channel of aperture 16 by means of screws 20, the flow of gas from the containers 19 being regulated by hand screws 21. The yokes 17 have a nipple 22 positioned to enter a socket in the heads 18 and the screws 20 force the said nipple within said socket in a gas ti ht manner. The containers 19 on one si e of the machine will contain nitrous oxid, those on the other side will contain oxygen, where the mixture of gases is to be nitrous oxid and oxygen. As shown in the drawings, containers at the right are charged with nitrous oxid and those at the left with oxygen. Within a socket 23 formed on the to of table 13 is secured by threading or ot erwise a short standard 24. Supported upon the standard 24 is a casting 25 having a mixing chamber 26 from which extends a passage-way 27. The passage-way 27 is provided with a perforated partition 28, a flap valve or vibrating disk 29 operating to close the apertures in partition 28 when the pressure from out side of mixing cha ber 26 exceeds the pressure inside said c amber, and correspondingly moving to open said apertures when the higher ressure is within chamber 26. The disk 29 1s slidably mounted on a spindle 30 which extends through the partition 28, said s indle being rovided with an inside should zr 64 adapted to set within an aperture for receiving the same in the partition 28. The, spindle 30 also has an outer shoulder 31 spaced from the inner shoulder 64 so that the disk 29 is ermitted to vibrate on spindle 30 between t e shoulders 6-1 and 31, a distance suflicient to permit ready passa e of the mixture during inhalation. The sp1ndle30 has on the inner end, inside of partition 28, a cap 32 formed to cover the apertures in partition 28 when 'said on is brought into engagement therewith. spring 33 surrounds the spindle 30 and engages a seat in the partition 28 and another seat in the ca 32, operating to push said cap and the spindle inwardly so as normally tobring the shoulder 64 into its recess in the partition 28, in which position disk 29, at its inward movement, will connect with partition '28 and close the apertures therein i a maple from the outside, thereby preventing rebreathing. In the position of the parts, as shown in Fig. 3, the cap 82 will just enga the peripher of a cam member 34 protru ing within t e passagle-way 27 and operated by a thumb nut 35. urnmg the thumb nut will rotate the cam member moving the cap and spindle, with the shoulders thereon, outward so that shoulder 64 is brought out of its seat and diaphragm 29 can' no longer, on its inward movement, engage partition 28 and close the apertures therein. This will permit rebreathm of the anestheti-zing mixture; thus the exh ations of the patient may pass through the apertures in partition 28 and into the container or gas bag 65 which opens through connection 66 into passage-way 27 inside of partition 28. The extent of re-breathinf ing the osition o s indle 30 and s oulder 64 so t at the diap ragni may ap roach more or less close to partition 28, t ereby producing a greater or less opening for rebreathing. If it is desired to close entirely the connection from the respirator with the mixing chamber, cam 34 may be operated to force the cap 32 into enga ement with in Fig. 4, and being provided partition 28, thereby closing t e apertures therein.

The gas from the containers 19 is admitted to the passage-we 16 by hand wheels 21, as before stated. mm the passage-way 16 the nitrous oxid gas passes through a passage-way 36 into a reducing valve mechanism 37 of well known construction. The oxygen gas similarly passesthrough a connectlon 38 into reducing valve structure 39. From the reducing valve 37 the nitrous oxid gas is conducted by a passage-we 40 to a valve head 41 secured to the top 0 the walls of chamber 26, the connection 40 entering a short chamber 42, as clearly shown with a cut-01f valve 43, as indicated in Fig. 1. Similarly the oxygen passes through a connection 44 from reducing valve 39 to an independent chamber 45 in the valve head 41, a cut-ofi valve 46 bein also provided to shut oil ox gen from c amber 45.

e head 41 has the bottom wall thereof forming the roof of the chamber 26, which bottom ,wall or roof is milled smooth and true. From the chamber 42 an aperture 47 extends into chamber 26 and from chamber 45. an aperture 48 extends into chamber 26. Difierent proportions of nitrous oxid and oxygen maybe employed for an anpsthetiz ing mixture, according to the e erience and practice of the operator and t e character of anesthesia desirable to produce.- In

general, it may be said that the proportions of oxygen and nitrous oxid to produce analgesia, or the low form of anesthesia, in which the sensory nerves are inactive although reason is retained by the patient,

"may be varied b varywould be something like four parts of nitrous oxid to one part of oxygen. I prefer, therefore, to form the apertures 47 and 48 of such size in relation to'the form of. valve closure .empkloyed that, when the pressures at which t e two gases are delivered are equal, four times as much nitrous oxid will pass to the mixing chamber as oxygen. Many diflerent forms of valve closures mayi be employed to effect this result. The 'pre ferred, form shown herein, which is sub ect to easy control, comprises a disk 49 on a shank 50 threaded into the valve head 41, the disk 49 being in the chamber 26 and coming below the apertures 47 and 48, the surface of the disk adjacent to said apertures and the bottom wall of head 41 be' milled smooth and true so that when disk is drawn up against the bottom wall, it will fit tightly therewith and wholly cut oil a flow 0 gas through the apertures 47 and 48. outer end thereof a thumb nut 51 by which the same may; be turned, turning of the shank 50 having 1; e efiect of moving the disk 49 away .from or toward the bottom of the head 41.

The cut- ofi valves 43 and 46 are formed in short pipe sections 52 and 53 into which the connecting pipes 40 and 44 respectively, deliver, and the pipe section 52 has at the end thereof a gage 54, at all times subject to the pressure of delivered from the reducing valve 37. imilarly the pipe section 53 connects with a gage 55 sub1ect at all times to the pressure of gas delivered from reducin valve 39. The reducing valves are sub ect to-complete manual con'-" trol by means of a hand nut 56 on valve 87 and a hand nut 57 on valve 39. The pres- The threaded shank 50 has in the sure of the gas being delivered from eaohpf the reducing valves (that is, nitrous oxid from valve 37 and oxygen from valve 89) {had thus be instantly and accurately regu- The apertures 47 and 48, as'here shown,

have a relative delivery capacity of four to one, and means is here rovided on the rey as shoim on the spective gages specifi oxygen gage, by which the pro};

n respectively, will be in all recharacter. The scales on each 1 of the gages will, .ofeourse, comprise the usual fi res, run Jrolmane \md to 6. poun and at clslislibdivl into fourths for indicating pressures from m to one-fourth pound and upwardto six livery pressure of pounds. The nitrous oxid scale in practice will show only the pressures at which this gas is being .delivered. Upon the oxygen gage I form a second scale comprising figures up to twenty four or higher for lndlcating the percentage of'oxygen in the mixture of gases being delivered at the indicated oxygen pressure when the pressure of the nitrous oxid as indicated upon its scale is at a redetermined point that is the needle of t e oxygen gage will indicate the deoxy n on the pressure scale and at the same time, will indicate on the second scale the percentage of oxygen being delivered in the mixture of gases passing to the gas bag and respirator. This percentage scale is, for any one gage, developed only for one fixed or predetermined pressure of the nitrous oxid as indicated by the nitrous oxid pressure gage scale. In the scale construction shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, the oxy en percentage scale is developed to show t e percentages of oxygen in the mixture of gases going to the patient when the nitrous oxid pressure, as shown by the nitrous oxid gage is at five (5) pounds, this being a satis actory and convenient pressure for nitrous oxid. It will be understood that the pressure indication of either gage is controllable at will by means of the thumb screws 56 and 57 of the reducin valves, so that it will always be practica le to have a fixed reading upon the nitrous oxid gage, this being, as shown, five (5) pounds. In varying the proportion of oxygen in the mixture, it will usually only be necessary to vary the pressure at which the oxygen is delivered to the mixing chamher, and such variation will not only show on the gage the pressure at which oxygen is being delivered, but on the second scale will show the actual percentage of oxygen going into the mixture which the patient is breathing. This is true, in the shown in Fig. 6 only when the gage for nitrous oxid is set to deliver nitrous oxid at a pressure of five (5) pounds, to which the secondary scale for percentages of oxygen is graduated. It will thus be seen that the proportion of gases going to the patient is controllable at will and instantly by the operator through the thumb screws 56 and 57, although practically where a mixture is delivered, owing to the ratio of size of the delive apertures of the respective gases, there wi 1 always be a much greater quantity of nitrous oxid in the mixture than of ox gen. A connection 58 is provided exten ing flrom reducing valve 39 to the pamage-way 59 leading from beyond the diaphragm 28 to the respirator which connection is controlled by a cut-o valve 60. If it is desired at an time to give the patient pure oxygen to e ect quick stimulus, the screw 35 and cam 34 may be turned to close the openings from passage 27 through diaphragm 28 and valve 60 opened, admitting oxygen directly to the patient.

The volume of mixture being delivered through mixing chamber 26 is absolutely contro led by the thumb nut 51 o crating the valve disk 49. As shown in ig. 5, the shank 50 of the thumb nut 51 is provided with a pointer 61 which covers a scale disk 62 on the top of the portion 41 forming the valve chamber. Pins '62 and 63 limit movement of the pointer 61 to a little more than half a full turn of screw 51, which amount of turning will open the apertures 47 and 48 for maximum delivery of the gas in whatever proportion is indicated by the relative ressures shown on the two gages 54 and 55. he second pin 63 is necessary since, if the valve were open beyond the maximum capacity of the smaller a erture, the proportion of gases being elivered would no longer remain as indicated, but gas from the larger aperture would be delivered at a relatively greater rate than from the smaller aperture. The pins 62 and 63 are so positioned relative to the right line movement of valve disk caused b the thread of shank 50 as to reduce the a ove indicated result. It is obvious that if the reach of the threads on shank 50 were made sufiiciently small, a single pin 62' might be employed to be enga ed on either side by the pointer 61 and the t umb screw 51 and thereby be capable of practically a complete turn. In this particular it Wlll be noted that a very sh ht turn of screw 51 will open to an apprecia 1e extent the delivery apertures 47 and 48. When, however, any opening is made the respective gases will flow into the chamber 26 in the proportion indicated, and will always flow in that proportion whether the valve is opened little or much of its maximum. capacity. The movements of the valve are controlled with the greatest ease b. the operator and will always result in elivering the exact proportion of gas which is desired. The operation of the thumb nut 35 and cam 34 regulating the movement of head 32 and spindle 30 will determine the extent of rebreathing and will regulate this "as desired. If the disk 29 has a relatively large amount of freedom of travel upon the spindle 30 and yet can always come back against diaphragm 28, there will be little or no rebreathing. If, however, cam 34 is turned so asto ush the shoulder 64 on spindle 30 far enoug out so that disk 29 cannot come back into contact with diaphragm 28, re-breath- 'ing will be permitted in proportion to the distance away from diaphragm 28 at which disk 29 is'bein held, it being noted of course that the usua gas bag 65 opens through a connection 66 into passage-way 27 extending from mixing chamber 26.

As clearly shown in Fig. 3, the mixing chamber 26 is oblong in shape, and within said chamber and s aced from the inner walls zthereof is a c osgrli thin walled casi 6 0 m'n outwar t rou an ape ft ure in ihe end wall 6 8 of ch mber 26. Within the interior of casing 67 is inserted an ordinary incandescent electric light 69 or other electric heating device, as may1 be desired. The gases entering throug apertures 47 and 48 will pass over the edges of valve disk 49 and flow around the heated casing 67 on the way out through passage 27, and are thereby warmed to the desired extent before breathing. In certain cases it is desirable to administer ether or other anesthetic either in combination with one or both of the gases formingthe usual mixture,

, or separately, and to accomplish this I provide an ether cup having a connection through a tube 71 into chamber 26, said ether cup being provided with a dropper mechanism 71' of usual construction. The ether will drop upon the heated casing 67 and vaporizing, w1ll pass into the respirator tube and gas bag either separately or as part of themixture, according'as the same may be used.

I claim i 1. A gas administering device hav1ng a mixing chamber, means for suppl ing thereto from independent sources 0 supply a plurality of gases each under pressure and in fixed proportions at their respective pressures, and means for definitely re ulating and determining the aggregate vo ume of flow of said gases into the mixing chamber at their respective pressures while maintaining said fixed proportions.

2. A gas administering device having a mixing chamber, means for suppl ing thereto from independent sources 0 supply a plurality of gases eachunder pressure and in fixed proportions at their respective pressures, meansfor controlling the respective pressures at which the several gases are de livered to the mixing chamber, and means for definitely re lating and determining the aggregate vofil me of flow of said gases into the mixing chamber at their respective pressures while maintaining said fixed proportions.

3. A gas administering device having a mixin chamber, means for conducting independently and through separated openings a plurality of gases into said chamber in fixed relative proportions, an integral valve member controlling the openings for both of said conducting means and normally fixed in relation to the points of discharge therefrom, and means to movethe valve uniformly in reference to said discharge openings to vary at will the aggregate volume of flow of gases into the mixing chamber while maintaining their respective delivery proportions constant. a

mixing chamber through each 0 imam 4. A gas administerin device having a mixing chamber provided with a plane-faced wall and having independent separated apertures opening through said wall, means for conducting a plurality of ses from independent sources of supply independently through each of said apertures into the chamber in predetermined relative proportions, a closure having a plane-surfaced wall held fixed in spaced parallel relation with said wall of the chamber for controlling the flow of gases through said apertures, and means to move the closure bodily so that the plane face thereof will be caused uniformly to approach or recede from said wall to vary at will the gregate flow of ses into the mixing cham r while maintaining their respective delivery proportions constant. v

5. A as administering device having a mixing 0 amber, a valve head having a plane surface on one side forming a part of a Wall of said chamber, said valve head being provided with a plurality of independent cavities and havin lnde endent apertures leading, from sai cavitles into the mixing chain er, means for conducting a different gas into each of said cavities and to the apertures, a closure disk within the mixing chamber having a smooth face cm operatln with said plane-surfaced wall to control a l of said apertures, and means under the control of the operator to move the closure disk bodily and uniformly toward and from said a e'rtures.

6. A gas administering device having a mixing chamber and a pluralit 'of separated delivery apertures extending t rough a wall ofsaid mixing chamber, means for conductin difl'erent gases at fixed relative pressures independently into the mixing chamber through each of said apertures, a single unitary valve member within the mixing chamher having portions coiiperating with and controlling the delive openings of the respective apertures, an valve member so that said portions will be means to move the from the respective apertures.

7. A gas administering device having a mixing chamber and a plurality of separated delivery apertures extending through a wall of said mixing chamber, said a ertures varying in size for delivering xed relative proportions of the gases when the delivery pressures of the gases are equal means for conducting difl'erent gases at fix relative pressures independentl f said apertures, a single unitary valve member within the mixing chamber having portions cooperating with and controlling the delivery openings of the respective apertures, means to move the valve member so that said portions will be caused uniformly to approach mixing chamber formed with a smooth-surfaced wall, a (pair of separated delivery apertures exten ing through said wall, said apertures having relative areas at said surface of one to five,-means for independently conductin into the chamber nitrous oxid through t e larger aperture and oxygen through the smaller aperture at fixed relative ressures, a valve plate within the mixingc amber having a plane-surfaced face cooperating with said chamber face and apertures, means for definitely and uniformly moving said plate toward and from said apertures and the wall face predetermined varying distances to regulate the flow of gases from said apertures, and means limiting said movement so that the maximum movement thereof away from the apertures will open the smallest aperture only to its maximum capacity.

9. A gas administering device comprising separate containers of fluid under pressure,

a mixing chamber and means for conducting said fluids independently thereto through separate discharge openings, a unitary valve member within the chamber adapted to block both of said openings, and means to move the valve mem er definitely and uniformly through predetermined distances so that the opening-blockin portions thereof shall be caused to rece e from or to approach both said openings uniformly.

10. A gas administering device comprising separate containers of fluid under pressure, a mixing chamber provided with a plane-faced wall and havin independent apertures opening through said wall, means for conducting the gases from said containers independently through each of said apertures into the chamber, a thumb-nut having a threaded shank extending through said wall and into said chamber adjacent said apertures a closure plate secured to the end of said shank in said chamber and having a plane face adjacent and parallel with the plane face of the wall and overlyin said apertures so that rotation of the shan and plate by means of the thumb-nut will move the plate bodily away from or toward the face of said wall and said apertures to vary at will the aggregate volume of flow of gases into the mixing chamber without varying their relative delivery pressures.

11. A gas administerin device comprising separate containers 0 fluid under pressure, a mixing chamber, means for conducting the gases independently from said containers and delivering them into said chamher so that the relative proportion of the gases will be unchanged by the delivery means and can be varied only by varying the relative delivery pressures of the gases, means to regulate at will the delivery pressures of each of said gases, means to indlcate the pressures at which said gases are delivered for determining the relative proportions of gases going into the chamber and the quality of mixture produced, and means for regulating and controlling the aggregate volume of flow of gases into the mixing chamber while maintaining unchanged the proportions determined by the delivery and pressure-controlling means.

12. A gas administering device comprising a; pair of separate containers one having nitrous oxid and the other oxygen stored under pressure therein, a mixing chamber, means for conducting said gases independently from the containers to the mixing chamber, means in said conducting means for varying at will the relative pressures at which said gases aredelivered, independent gages each having connection with one of said conducting means and each provided with a scale for indicating the ressure at which as is being delivered, t e oxygen gage being provided with a scale for indicatmg the percentage of oxygen in the mixture of gases being delivered at the indicated oxygen pressure when the pressure of the nitrous oxid as indicated upon its' scale is at a predetermined point.

13. A gas administering device comprising a pair of separate containers one having nitrous oxid and the other oxygen stored under pressure therein, a mixing chamber, means for conducting said gases independently from the containers to the mixing chamber includin separated delivery apertures havin di erent relative discharge areas for de ivering proportions of the respective gases such as to produce a mixture of the desired quality when the pressures of the gases are equal, means in said conducting means for separately regulating the delivery pressures of the respective gases, means for determining the delivery pressures of said gases so that said pressures may be equalized, and means limited in operation to permit no more than maximum flow rough the smallest aperture for varying the aggregate volume of flow of said gases into the mixing chamber while maintaining the proportions determined by the delivery apertures and the delivery pressures of the see.

14. mixin chamber, a respirator tube connected with t e mixing chamber, a disk therein, a gas bag having connection with the mixin chamber on the inner side of said disk, an means controlled by the position of the disk so as to permit breathing of gas mixture gas administering device having a ing wit from the mixing chamber at all timies and to prevent or permit, as desired, entrance of the exhalations of the patient to the gas bag and consequent rebreathing of the gas mixture.

15. A gas administering device having a mixin chamber, a respirator tube connected with t e mixing chamber having a perforated partition, a gas bag having connection with the mixing chamber on the inner side of said artition, a disk normally cooperatii said partition to open and close communication with the mixing chamber and gas bag during breathing so as to permit reathing of the gas mixture and prevent rebreathing, and controllable means for holding said disk spaced from the partition during exhalation of the patient to permit rebreathing.

16. A gas administering device having a mixing chamber, -a respirator tube connected with the mixing chamber having a perforated artition, a as bag having connection with t e mixing 0 amber. on the inner side of said partition, a disk normally cooperatmg wit said partition to open and close communication with the mixing chamber and gas bag during breathing so as to permit breathing of the gas mixture and revent rebreathing, a spindle on which said disk vibrates between fixed stops, and controllable means for movin said spindle bodily endwise so as to position the stops thereon so that the disk will be held spaced from said partition during exhalation to permit rebreathing of gas mixture.

In testlmon whereof I aflix my signature in presence 0 two witnesses.

JAY A. HEIDBRINK. Witnesses:

H. A. Bowman, F. A. WHn'nnnY.

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