US1112541A - Manufacture of polychromic surfaces. - Google Patents

Description

.. sign in .of polychromic surfaces, faces having designs or legends formed amarrar ommen @FREE LEI-INEE, OIF KELSTERBACH, GERMANY, ASSIGNOB., BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T0 ESTJVIAN KGIDK COMPANY, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION 0F .NEVI YORK.

'IANUFACTURE 0F POLYCHROIVIIC SUB/FACES.

Speccation of Letters Patent.

Patent-.ea oet., e, rem.

Application led February l5, 1909. Serial No. 478,037.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Dr. ALFRED LEHNER, citizen of Switzerland, residing at Kelsterbachon-the-Main, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the lllanufa'cture of Polychromic Surfaces; and I do hereby declare vthe following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the ar't to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to the manufacture that isto say surthereon in different colors. Sheets marked with such multicolor designs are employed for various purposes in the arts. For example they may serve as decorative veneersy to be applied to different articles of personal wear for example or they may be made as multicolor1 hatched screens for color photography. I-Iitherto no method has been known, whereby transparent multicolor designs could be produced by taking a surface, a portion. of which was provided withfa deoneI color and coloring the remaining portions of such surface with a solution of another color, without first protecting the first portion of the design with a resist.V

This use of resists or stencils, while possible where the masses lof color appliedy are large, becomes more diflicult as such masses become smaller and finally, when the colors are to be distributed in minute sections or strips, the method of stencils becomes impracticable, sin'cean accurate register or stopping out is impossible. Other methods of covering the already colored portions with resists are, under such circumstances, so tedious that they are too costly to be employed'and it is hence desirable to devise means for avoiding the same. This has been accomplished by the present invention which permits the uncolored portions of a surface already provided partially with a colored design to be colored with a diiierent color, speedily and perfectly and without the employment of resists or stencils.

In the ldra-wings, in which I have illusltrated o'ne method :of carrying out -my invention, Figure l is an enlarged cross-sectional yiew of aportion of a sheet of material prepared for the formation of a polychrdmi'c screen used in photography; Figs. 2

hering to the same and 3 are plan views of the screen, showing different stages of making, as hereinafter described; and F ig. 4 is a similar view of the complete screen. v

Mylinvention is based on the following discovery which I have made. If a sheet or surface which has been colored in part with a dye or color solution, is dried and then immersed in a dye-solution of another color the uncolored portion with sufiicient intensity while the already colored portion will not receive any of the color of this dye solution, if the timeofimmersion is sufiiciently short. If, for eX- ample, a sheet of Celluloid is partly dipped into a concentrated red alcoholic dye bath. such as a solution of rhodamin and .then rinsed in water to remove excess of dye ad and then allowed to dry, a sheet colored intensely red on a portion of its surface is obtained. If thereupon this sheet is 'entirely immersed for a few seconds only in a second alcoholic green dye bat-h andl then immediately dipped into water to check the action of the latter solution Vat once, the portion of the surface not dyed red will be found to be colored intensely green while the red has remained unchanged. Y In dealing with sheets or surfaces of gelatin,-casein, or the like instead `of alcoholicv dye baths aqueous dye baths are employed and the surface or sheet -is dipped into alcohol or wiped ofi' or freed from the excess of dye by pressing an absorbent sheet thereon or such excess of color may be removed by suction. In other respects the process is the same asfor the treatment of Celluloid. 'As an lexample of practically carrying out this process let 'it be proposed to provide a sheet 'or film lof Celluloid with a red background, green transparent letters and blue initials. The desired legend is printed thereon with printers ink and the sheet is then immersed entirely into a red alcoholic dye bath, such as a solution of rhodamin in alcohol. Thereby the background is dyed red', the letters remaining undyed. After will thereby be colored.

portion of the surface drying, the printers ink of the small letters '1s removed and the sheet is then dipped forv about two seconds into-a concentrated alcoholic solution of malachite green and then immediately immersed into water. Thereby the small letters are ldyed green, the red intaglio hatching has tials being protected against the color by` the printers inlr. .lifter drying, the printers inlr is now removed from the initials and the sheet is next immersed for about one second into a concentrated alcoholic'blue dye solution such as spirit blue and immediately brought into a stream of dowing water. By this treatment the initials are dyed blue, while the red and green portions of the surface do not take any further color. To prevent the baclr of the sheet from receiving any color, it may be coated with a resist such as printers inlr..

Another example embodying4 my invention is the preparation of multi-color screens for color photography... Tf it be desired to prepare a vtwo-color screen, using'celluloid as the screen-sheet, for example, l print or otherwise produce on such sheet a fine system of parallel lines, with printers ink or other resist and then immerse the sheet entirely in an alcoholic color bath whereby only the unprinted portion of the surface, that is, the intervals between the lines, is colored.

After drying the sheet, the printers ink or other resist is removed for example with oil of vtungentine, thus exposing portion. The sheet is then immersed into a second alcoholic dye solution of another color for a very short time and then immediately dipped into water, all as in the first example, whereby the lines not dyed inthe first step are now dyed with the second color. A two-color screen is thereby produced.

For producing'three-color screens l combinethe method just described with that set forth and claimed in my application, Serial No. 478,036.

ln detail, the manner of proceeding 1s illustrated in the drawings an describe in the following example, when making a parallel hatched screen. A system of fine parallel lines in intaglio is formed on the surface of a sheet of transparent Celluloid X as in Fig. 1 by placing the same upon a metallic dye having the requisite hatching formed thereon in relief and pressing the two into intimate contact with each other and heating the Celluloid or the dye, at the same time. The intaglio lines thus formed should be so distributed and of such an area as to take up one-third of the entire surface of the sheet. The relief portion of the surface so hatched and the bach, if desired, are then.V coated with a color or dye resist Y b inlring the same with printers7 ink with t e aid of an inlring roller, for example. Thereby the sheet will take color only on Ithe intaglio hatching. lTt is now im-- mersed, in a blue alcoholic dye or color bath. Thereby the intaglio lines alone are colored blue, as indicated by a, Fig. 2.

The sheet is removed from the bath after been suciently the undyed v or bothanziana.

colored; the sheet is then washed. and the printers inlr Y is removed therefrom.. Thereupon a second systemwof parallel intaglio lines crossing the first system is impressed in\the same surface of the sheet in the manner above set forth and the sheet is again inked in as before. lt is now immersed in an alcoholic green dye bath'such as a Solution of malachite green. At this point the process difers essentially from the process set forth in my aforesaid application in. that, while in the latten the length of immersion. was of no special importance the element of time plays an all-important part under this invention., the time of immersion being under the same limited to a minimum, depending onthe nature the strength of the dye bath, the depth of color of the lines, etc. ln general however the sheet will be left in the bath only a few seconds. The sheet is allowed to remain in this bath only about three seconds. 0n withdrawing the saine it. will be found that only the uncolored parts of the intaglio lines, have received the green color, as shown at Z9 Fig. 3, while the parts crossed by the previously colored blue lines have taken no.- further color. The sheet is then washed and dried as before. Thereupon the printers ink is removed from. the hatched surface the ink on the back being allowed to remainand the sheet having no resisten the hatched surface is dipped into a third bath viz. a red alcoholic dye bath such as a rhodamin solution and allowed to remain therein only about one second. By this last step the uncolored last third of the hatched surface of the sheet is colored intensely red, as indicated at c, Fig. d, the remaining portions of the surface remaining unaffected by said red color. W i

It has been found that, notwithstanding 'the short period during which the last two color baths have been allowed to act on the sheet, the colors taken by the same are of sufficient intensity forthe purposes of 'color photography. The sheet is finally pressed. between two fiat surfaces while" applying heat, whereby the several colored portions are brought into one plane. A. color screen in which the different colors are in thecelluloid is thus obtainedn llt will be seen from the foregoing that my invention essentially resides in the fact that the plate or surface after printed or otherwisel marked on a portion of its surface with a dye or color bath, of one sort, is thereupon, after drying, immersed into a color bath or dye of thesame sort but of a different color and that thereby the ine' teraction betweenpresisting colo-rs or fatty colors and aqueous or fat-repelling colors is essentially avoided. v

From the above it will be seen that an important part of my invention is on 'the discovery made by me that if a sheet or all lodged lili having been.

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surface of material used for making polychromic surfaces, such as celluloid, gelatin, casein or the like, which has been printed or otherwise marked with a design or color comprising a certain vehicle or menstruum 0r if the said surface after the color has dried thereon be dipped or immersed in a solution 0r bath of another color comprising the same vehicle or menstruum for a short period of time, the remaining uncolored portion of the surface will be colored with the second color while the already colored portion will not receive such second color, although the said first color portion of the design is not masked or protected against such action with a resist. I have found that in most cases such immersion in the second color bath should not exceed a few seconds, the necessary minimum time depending on the strength'and nature of the dye bath. v

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A process for making multicolored surfaces consisting in dyeing portions of the surface and drying, then allowing a dye in substantially t-he same menstruum as that of the rst to act so brieiiy on the uncolored surfaces as to color them only andl not to affect those areas previously dyed.

2. A process of forming multicolored 0bjects which consists in coloring a portion of an object'with one color, then lmmersing the object intoy a bath of another color comprising substantially .the same menstruum as employed for applying the first coloi` for a period of time only sufficient to color the remainder of the surface without affecting the color first applied.

3. The process of forming multicolored objects, which consists in coloring a portion of the surface of an object with one color and after drying immersing the entire object into a bath of another color comprising Lsubstantially the same menstruum as em" ployed for applying the rst color for a time just sufficient to color the remainder of the surface without affecting the color previously applied.

4. The process which consists in applying a color bath to the entire surface of a dry body, already colored with a color mixture of another color employing substantially the same menstruum as the sald color bath on a portion of its surface -for a, time only sufficient to' color the remainder of the surfflicedand without affecting the color first app e 5. The process of coloring sheets, which consists in marking a design on the surface of such sheets with a resist, immersing the consists in lmmersing a sheet colored on a.

portion of its surface with one color and covered with a resist on a portion only of the remainder of such surface, into a bath of another color but comprising substantially the same menstruum as used inl applying the first color, for a time only sufficient to color the uncolored exposed portion and witlout affecting the colors previously aplie p 7. The process of making color-screens which consists in immersing a dry color hatched sheet into a bath of another color but comprising substantially the same menstruum as employed in applying the precolor the uncolored remainder of the surface of the sheet, and without affecting the colors previously applied.. l

8 The process of making color screens which consists in hatching a sheet with intaglio parallel lines and coating all of the surface thereof with the exception of the intaglio lines with a resist and then immersing the sheet into'a color bath then drying the sheet and removing the resist and applying to the same another series of intaglio lines, crossing the first series and again covering the entire surface, with the exception of the intaglio portions, with a resist, and immersing the sheet into another color bath for a timeonly suiicient to color the uncolored exposed intaglio portions,then again drying, then removing the resist from the front surface and then immersing the sheet into athird color bath for a time suiiicient only to color the uncolored portion.

9. The process which consists in coloring a portion of the surface of an object with one color, then washing with a liquid differing from the menstruum of the color, then vious colors, for a time suiicient only to submitting the entire surface of the object to the action of a bath of a different color 'comprising substantially the same menstruum as that of the first color for a time only sufiicient to dye the uncolored ortions without affecting the dye first app ied.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aiiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses. DR. ALFRED LEHNER. Witnesses: y

CARL GRUND, JEAN GRUND.

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