US1108011A - Sewerage system. - Google Patents

Description

I. SHONE.

SEWEBAGE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APB. 20, 1911. 1,108,01 1 Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

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Patented Aug. 1'8, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

THE AORRIS PETERS CO.. PHcToilTHa. WASHINGTON. D4 c.

ISAAC SHONE, OF WESTMINSTER, LONDON, ENGLAND.

SEWERAGE' SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Pat-ent.

Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

`Application filed April 20, 1911. Serial No.,622,289.

To all whom it may concern.'

vBe it known that I, Isaac SHoNE, a subject of the King of England, residingv at lillestminster, London, S. lll., inthe county of Middlesex, Englanchdiave invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Connected with Sewerage Systems; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andv exact description of the invention, such. as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to t-he accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a pai-tof this specification.

This invention has reference generally to sewerage systems, and to their ventilation, the terni.` 9 sewerage system being used to include the main and tributary sewers,

drains, soil pipes, and other conduitsor ap-4 paratus employedin connection with them. j lllhile all are agreed as to the essentials of the hydraulics and pneumatics of drainage-namely their self-cleansing character, and their ventilation-so thaty the air get-` ting into houses and existing in the vicinity of houses, and in the streets, shall not be hurtful, yet, as a fact, the drainage systems and apparatus as at present employed are not such as attain these essentials; and the objects and effects of the present invention have been to provide such improvements and methods or means as to fullil the requirements, and so render these essentials attainable, so that it-the improved system-'shall be as reasonably perfect in a sanitary sense as it is possible to make it.

In the followingl description, the improvements in connection with sewerage systems, and their ventilation, are comprised.

The system of sewers, drains, soil pipes, with Itheir tributaries and accessories, at

present in vogue, is, as stated, often hyaienically extremely defective, the means adopted for effecting the functions they are intended to perform, such4 as the prevention cf access of foul air or gases -from them int-o houses, or into the atmosphere about houses, being faulty. In other words, the `methods l adopted are incomplete as regards obtaining a reasonably complete sanitary or pure condition ofthe'drains and sewers, and the rendering of houses reasonably immune against the entry of sewer or drain gases, which are deleterious to health, and :sometimes dangerous to life, ..fliiidfurthermord the Same vnomically arrested,

defects exist with regard to the atmosphere about or in the immediate vicinity of houses and in the streets, in that the present system does not in many cases prevent this atmosphere `from being polluted to a degree which is not only objectionable, but inimical to health.

There have been numerous vand various efforts made from time to time to ventilate drains and sewers, by arrangingandjconstructing them, and their accessories,iin a manner that the ventilation should be effective, and that the sewage gas nuisances which now frequently invade houses, and are present about houses and in the streets, should be rendered as reasonably non-existent, and as harmless in a sanitary sense as possible g but, as` stated, these either do not accomplish the objects aimed at, or the systems or proposals have been such that if adopted, the cost would beso greatthat there is no practical possibility of their adoption in towns and districts; and an additional object of the present invention to that of accomplishing" true safety and sanitariness, is that of providing such a system and means as can be applied generally to towns, urban districts, houses, and other buildings, and the like, at such an expense as shall render their adoption practicable. Moreover, in cases where drains and .sewers cannot be laid at self-cleansing gradients so as to prevent deposits, and where in consequence the air or atmosphere will be impure within them, the object and effect of lVhile this system largely practically involves the reversal of existing methods, yet

notwithstanding this radical change, it can` be readilyadapted to existing old,vor to proposed new drainage and sewerage works, wl'xether such works are on the combined or l dual, or on the separate system.

In the system comprised hereunder every portion of domestic, or other liquid waste waters, whether separate from or combined with rainfall-no matter how small or large these may be, can be automatically and ecountl any predetermined volume of'them isaccumulated, and this latter can afterward be made yto pass away speedily and elfectually in suflcient bulk to cause it to flush the drains etc., into and through which it is discharged to the ythe present methods or means is to render j public sewers. By thus systematically utilizing the driblets of the waste fluids of, houses and other buildings, and the rain waters falling upon them for flushing purposes, enormous volumes of potable waters, which are new used and literally wasted for drain and sewer iiuslling purposes, can be saved, wherever the English water carriage system of sewage removal is in vogue. lvloreover by systeinatically utilizing the waste land rainfall waters of houses and other bilildings in the manner stated above, enorifnous 'volumes of 4fresh air will be induced to circulate within all the waste pipes connected to the drainage arrangements of houses and buildings to ventilato them. This additional ventilation being derived from plenun'i and vacuum forces which, accordingto the principles now described, can always be generated vby judiciously manipulating the sewage and rainfall resources of houses and other buildings, and converting themcontinuously into invisible but effectual powers for accomplishing that special and most important hygienic purpose. Furthermore as intimated already in this system, all the liquids of a house, building, or the like, flow through short lengths of small drains sharply graded, to a collector, in connection with "the house or building, and they` are there stored, while quite fresh until the apparatus is filled; and then-the whole voliiine vof liquid so collected is sent down thri'iugh the drains in a body to the sewer. f ,llhellbeneiicial sanitary effects of the continuous self active working of the automatic house-sewage collector and ejector apparatus, both hydraulically and pneumatically, that is, as regards its cleansing action, and the promotion of ventilation, and the manner in which it is accomplished, are hereafter explained.

j' Regarding the improvements connected with the ventilation of sewage systems, in this system, fresh air is constantly caused to pass down through the house soil pipes, ventilating pipes, house drains, intercepter chambers, street gullies, and other parts, to `the sewer, and so a more or less constant changing of the atmosphere of, and introduction of fresh air into, the soil pipes,

ventilating pipes, drains, sewers, etc., is obtained;y and this is augmented as much as possible by thecolumns of air which will be caused to pass down the soil and Ventilating pipes into the drains, and through these into the sewers, by the fall and flow of liquids through them as hereinafter explained.

j The invention will be further described in connection with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate it.

In these drawings, Figure l. is a sectional elevation, showing the drains, conduits, and other parts Land apparatus, connected with a' house, arranged and constructed to operate according to this invention. Figs. 2, 3 and l-A, are, respectively, longitudinal sectional elevation, cross section, and plan of the hydraulic collector and ejector apparatus, and the intercepter; and Figs. 5, 6, 6a and 7 are, respectively, longitudinal section, cross sections at the lines A A and B B Fig. 5, and plan of a modified form of the hydraulic collector and ejector. Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively, a sectional elevation of the valve, and a front elevation showing a detail of the saine.

v)referring now to these drawings, and more particularly to Fig. l, l is the main or street sewer; 2 is the hydraulic collector and ejector apparatus; 3 4is the intercepter; and

is the inspection or junction chamber connected with it. 5 are the soil pipes, 6 the \'entilating pipes on theni,and 7 the various 'house drains leading between the house and the various parts, and the sewer l. rIhe sewer `l will have connected with it means for artificially creating a rarefaction of the atmosphere within it, so that a constant tendency of flow of air through the drains to it, is maintained; and in this system it-the air--is caused to pass down through the ventilating pipes G, and soil pipes 5, into those of the house drains 7 which are connected with them. rfhe house drains will be mostly connected with and discharge into the hydraulic collector and ejector 2, but some of them will be joined to the main drain 7 at the inspection junction chamber 4 which adjoins the ventilated intercepter 3, as shown in Fig. l; and from the hydraulic collector land ejector 2, the air introduced inthe system passes down the house drains 7 between it and the intercepter, and this air which reaches the inspection junction chamber ilis mostly caused to pass thence down through the house drain 7 into the sewer l. "he flow of this air, in this manner, from the hydraulic collector and ejector 2 to the house drains 7 is effected by the provision of a small separate air pipe l5, that may be called the by-pass air pipe of the ventilated hiterccpter 3, which has upon it a reflux valve 1G of the character hereinafter described, and which permits of the air fiowing freely in a direction toward the sewer l, but which checks it in the opposite direction. The connection of the p'ipe 15 `with the ejector 2, and the house drains 7, will be at points on the house and the sewer side, respectively, of the siphon discharge and trap portion of this ejector 2. A similar air pipe l5 provided on the intercepter 3, and connects the two sides of its seal above the liquid level. The general action ofthis system therefore, is that all, or a large proporfilled by the sewage discharges of a moderate sized house, situated in London for example, where the water-supply averages about 35 gallons per day. lVhen full, it is caused to automatically discharge as hereinafter described, and the wholecontents low in va body down the house drains 7 to the intercepter 3, and thence through it direct into the sewer 1. The effect of this is that the house drains .7 between the collector ejector 2 and the sewer l are thoroughly flushed and cleaned, and a large volume of air is also thereby caused to pass' down through the ventilating pipes 6 and soil pipes 5 and drains 7, causing a pneumatic sweeping and `flushing oit' the drains, pipes, and apparatus, following directly on the discharging action of the house-sewage ejector.` Separate and full descriptions of these Various arts of the apparatus will now be given.

Regarding the house sewage hydraulic collector ejectors 2-shown in detail in Figs. 2 to 4-tliese are so constructed and adapted to work, that intermittent actions, having the character' of small collections, and rapid subsequent flushings or discharges, talre place; whichas stated, not only serve to produce artificial currents of 'sewage or water, but also as an aspirator and forcer of Ventilating air in the various pipes, drains,`

and sewers. The auto-matic hydraulic col- .lector and ejector consists of a closed Vessel 2, which, at one part, is connected by an inlet conduit 21 with the house drain or drains 7,

which enter it from above, and some distance above the discharge level; and at an-A other part has a siphonic discharge conduit 22, and a trapped outlet Q3, connected with the house drain 7 on the sewer side, or with the sewer. At the bottom of the short leg yis the trap 23, while the long leg is connected with the public sewer. In connection with this ejector apparatus, air flow and ventilatiiig conduits 15, with a reflux valve 16 on them-see Figs. 2 and 4l-will be used con* nectiiig the top of the ejector Q with the house drains 7 on the sewer side of itfor the purposes already described.

In an advantageous arrangement of the ejector, it should be fixed within the curtilagos of the premises of the house or houses draining into it, inthe position best suited' for short circuiting, so to say, the drains which carry sewage to it; so that the col-- lecting drains 7 converging at or near to the ejector chamber 13, can be made short in length and erfectl in 0frade or declination t; n P c to insure the quick flow of 'the minimum, as well as the maxinium'volume of sewage to the ejector. This apparatus will be formed so as to be capable of self-cleansing-say hopper shape, as 'will also be all the conduits `and parts connected with it; and the inlet and outlet pipes carrying sewage into and out of the ejector should not be less kit will give a sudden rise of level of liquid in the inlet pipe 21 between the ejector 2 and the feeder pipes 7, 5; and this sudden supply of liquid, and rise in this portion 21 oi the pipes, must be and is, after the body of the ejector is filled with sewage, suiiicient to raise the level, instanter, to the highest level needed to force enough of sewage or water over the top end of the short leg ot the siplion into and down the long leg, before the siphon can be made to discharge yand act properly. And by the use oit this type of ejector, its proper siplionic action can be and is insured by the sudden discharge in comparatively small volumes of sewage or water into the ejector inlet 21, or the drain communicating with it. The sewage or water enters at the back end, and where it falls, the body is inclined., as shown, so that the falling sewage or water tends to cleanse this end.

The discharge bend 24C of the discharge siphoii 22-see Figs. 2 to 4*should be above the top of. the ejector body 2; and there is provided at the cover 25 of the ejector, and air way 6G communicating between the pipe 21, the body oit the ejector, and the by-pass pipe 15. The bottom of the ejector body may be gutter-shaped in cross section, shown, lor the promotion of the self-cleansing effect;

As an illustration of the application of this invention, when one .house or building which to be drained on the new system, is occupied by six persons, for example, and another house is to be drainedv upon it, which is occupied by ten persons, and the dry weather flow of sewage on the average from each person is equal to 30 gallons per day, or respectively 180 and 300 gallons per day per house, an ejector of 10 gallons capacity-which is a suitable average capacity-fixed at each house would su'lhce to receive and eject the sewage discharges promptly and coinpactly from each into the public sewer with which the drainage oit each house would be connected. In the one case, the eject-or would be filled and emptied eighteen times, and inthe other case it would be filled and emptied thirty times per day, anl each ejector would be filled as rapidly or as slowly as the sewage would be dischargedv into the apparatus from each house, but each ejector would discharge into the main or other drain large volumes of sewage which would suiliice to till the drain full bore; and so continuous until the whole contents of the apparatus would be exhausted; and such operations would obviouslvY be most benelicial in the lushineV and' the intercepter trap 3 and chamber 8, will,

ployed; and it may be ot the forni hereinalter described. But, in some cases, as irlicre new drainage works are planned, the ector may be made to take the place ot' the ordinary intercepters, as well as perli'orm its own lunctions, and it may be placed as tar 'from the public sewer as possible, and so the excavation required ilor iiXing it in its maiiholcflike chamber would be less than if done as .intercepters now in vogue are ar rangeifl at the bottoni end ot the main drain oli the house; and, moreover, with conduits or pi pes ot l: inches in diameter this main drain need not be laid at a steeper gradient in the direction ol` the sewer than about l in G5. ln cases where the intercepter and its chamber, as usually employed, are dispensed with., the pipes T which normally lead to it will be let to the ejector collector 2, which, :is stated, iv'll perform the function oi.2 both.

wWith. regard to the cases as above described, where interiiepter chambers 8, and traps 3, are employed, and into wnich drainage, or some or the drainage or iva 4er from different parts of a house, or separate buildings, is discharged, the pipes and conduits within these chambers will j neferably all be closed Fig. Q--and the various pipes led to a point where they would be provided with a readily removed and fixed lid 2'?, of any known suitable kind, and placed on the house side of Jthe iiitercepter trap 3; while the cover 28 of the manhole or chamber S may be a ventilated one. The trap B consists of a box-shaped clnimber, having a curved lower bend into which dips a septum 18, extending from the top; and the inlet from the drain 7 to this .intercepter trap 3 lafoulffl be above the discharge level-wiz., the drain Tuoi" the trap on the sewer side; while the body of the trap carried up above this point, and the two sides oit' it on the opposite sides ott the septum. are connected together by the ventilating or supply conduit l5, with a reflux valve 16 on it. By this construction, when the intercepter trap receives a. charge oit liquid, the Alevel on the inlet side ol" the ap would be suddenly raised 'i the trap being ol about the same sectional area as tl e drain pipes-and this will produce a sudden discharge, and flushing and sell-oleausingaction.

ln the modified form. of hydraulic ejector 2 shown in Figs. to 7, a water trap is provided at the 'bottom of the long leg of the siplion 22, and this rap 25 is so made that ity does not lill the inch diametered trap pipe opening between the bottom oi the long leg of the siphon and the main drain 7. The object and eilect et' this trap are twofold, namely, that by having the aerial opening in the trap E25, directly. the sewage waters overflow 'from the short leg to the long leg of the siplion 22, the falling waters drive the air in front of them freely through this air opening in the trap 25 into the drain 7, and by so doing, a partial vacuum is created behind them, which causes the water in the ejector body Q to rise quickly over the top of the siphon bend 2li, and so immediately fall down the long leg, and lill the air opening in the trap 25; and they also rise rapidly above that opening sufficiently to force the water in the trap 25 in bulk out ol it into the drain 7. ln this way, the ifacuum will beauginented, and its power will. be effectual in causing the whole contents of the tank or ejector to be discharged speedily in the drain 7.

ln all forms ol ejectors, not only the ejector caused to start work when lilled to the right height, but its ceasing to work is also assured when its charge has been ejected out of it into the drain leading to the sewer, as the air passing through the iniiuX from the house side of the Siphon will insure this,

lllith regard to the construction of the reflux valve 16 on the air pipes 15-shown in detail in El and Q-Itlie valve proper isinarked (SO, and is normally so made that it is adapted to be opened by the current of air, as described, :tio-wing down from the house drains toward the sewer, and to be closed by :i flow in the opposite direction, lt should be light, so that a small current of air or pressure would open it, and, convcrsely, a very small current close it; and it can. be placed at an angle, as shown, say about 850, so that its weight will bring it on to its seat (il. The material of the Valve and scat should be such thatdoes not oXidiZe readily in moist atmosphere, such as that which exists .in sewers and drains, nor attacked by sullid oi hydrogen, or carbonic acid or other'gas, so that its durability and iuicorrodible .character may be relied upon. fliurtlierinore, in order that the ventilation of the drains should not cease in case of the pressure oit air being so low as will not open the valve, that is, move it oli its seat, a small hole 62, say about lftli of an inch or Q-thsof a inch, may be provided through the valve, so that a stream el air will pass through this hole from the one side, namely trom the house side in the intercepter trap or hydraulic ejector or the like to the drain on the sewer side; and in such a. case, by the il'low being continuous, although through a small. hole, the volume entering and passing mosphere of the drains and the sewers in a condition which is not dangerous, should any of such atmosphere escape either intoa` house, or into the street or road about. But, obviously, when the i'low and pressure of the air suchas will be the case under normal conditions-that the vare is opened, then the volume passed through the drains will be much greater, and such as to produce a constant aerial flushing, so that a higher and better ventilating or airing and purifying effect is obtained. Should, on the other hand, there be a back pressure or How of air Jfrom the drains through the filling of the sewers with sewage or rainfall or both, the back flow to the drains on thel house side is restricted to that which passes through the small hole; and, in any event, as, prior to the closing of the valve through this cause, the drains on the sewer side would be lilled with a fresh and not foul atmosphere, a small proportion or percentage of such air entering the house drains vwill not produce an evil effect, even should it enter the house; and for the reason that the quantity of air passing through the small hole to the house drains on the house side is small, it will not be such as'to contaminate the air in them, or the parts connected with them, to such a degree as to render it dangerous. The volume of air passing through the hole will be about 1000 times less than that which would pass where the ventilation is effected by a house drain of4-inch diamter, as is generally done.

W'ith regard to the form ot the reflux valve'itself, this may be made as shown, out of this sheet metal, or alloy of a character such as referred to, and their seats may be made of similar material; and it will be suspended on bearings 63, such as that of the knife edge type, or points, and so as to open and shut with the least movement of air. l In some cases, instead of the small hole being provided in the valve, it may be formed in the seat, or in any-suitable or convenient part or point; while in other cases, where desired, no hole for the return llow of air need be used.

lllhat is claimed is l. In a sewerage system, a Siphon collector apparatus, drains on the building side of the collector apparatus, drains on the sewer side of the collector apparatus, an air pipe connecting the drains on one side of the collector apparatus with the drains on the other side of the said collector apparatus, and an automatic valve in the airv pipe, whereby when the sewerage is siphoned through the collector.apparatus a partial vacuum is created in the air pipe and opens the automatic valve and air introduced into the building drain will be drawn into and through the sewer drains, and subsequently said valve automatically closes to prevent air in the drains on the sewerage side of the collector apparatus passing into the drains on the building side ot said collector apparatus.

2. In a sewerage system, a sewer, a hydraulic collector ejector apparatus of the rapid discharge type, drains connected to the building side ot the apparatus, drains connected to the sewer side of the apparatus, and an air pipe communicating with the building side of the apparatus and the drains on the sewer side ot' said apparatus, a valve in said pipe, whereby the rapid discharge of the contents of the apparatus creates minus pressure in the drains on the sewer side of the apparatus and opens the valve and admits atmospheric air from the house drainsto said sewer drains to accelerate the How of the sewage and to clean and flush the drains with fresh air, and means for automatically closing the valve when pressure in the pipe is normal.

3. In a sewerage system, a sewer, a hydraulic collector ejector apparatus, an intercepter, drains connecting the ejector apparatus and intercepter, a drain connecting the intercepter and. the sewer, means for creating a minus pressure in the drain, connecting the ejector apparatus and the intercepter to facilitate the flow of sewage, means i'or automatically introducing atmospheric air into the last Lmentioned drain, a pipe connected with the intercepter and the drain between the latter and the sewer, a valve in said pipe, and means for automatically closing said valve, whereby when sewerage passes through the drain from the intercepter, a supply of air will be drawn through the pipe, and the valve will be subsequently closed and prevent foul air from the sewerage passing to the intercepter.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this speciiication in the presence ot two subscribing witnesses.

ISAAC SHONE.

ldlitnesses SAMUEL JOI-N EARL, CI-rAs. J. FALcoNnR.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patenti.

Washington, D. C.

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