US1102301A - Press. - Google Patents

Description

A. 5*'. J Pima .PFLIATIDN .ULEB DHC. 1;. Nr.5.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

FIG; E.

A. W. SIZER.

PRESS. 111111111111011 FILED .11110. 13, 191sA Patented July 7, 1914.

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W. SIZER. PRESS. APPILIUATION FILED DBC.13, 1913.

1,102,301 Patented July 7,1914.

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UNITED sTATEs riiTENT OFFI ALBERT WILLIAM SIZER. OF KINGSTONsUPON-HULL, ENGLAND.

Application filed December 13, 1313.

lle it known that l. iinnirr firman Sizun. a subject in" the King oi' (ireat lli-itain. residing at l(ingstoieupon-llnll. in the county ot' York. England. have invented certain new and useful lm n-oveinents in Presses: and Vl do hereby declare the followintr to be a full. clear. am exact description of the invention. such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appel'u lain to make and use the same.

This invention relates to ixnprovenients in apparatus for expressing oil from seeds. :nits and other oii-containineV materials or substances. and inice or fluid from fruit. herbs. flowers. peat and the like. of that kind in which the seeds. nuts, fruit or the like .from which the oil. juice or fluid is to be ex pressed. compressed in a chamber having holes or passages through which the pressed oil, liuice. or the like escapes. the conipressed material or residuum passing out through the mouth of the chamber which is usually provided vWith a spring contri lled rover-plate; or a roller. which yields to the pressure of the compressed material. which material exudes between the mouth ol' the chamber and the coverplate or roller.

In apparatus of the kind referred to. the outlets for the expressed oil, j:;ee or fluid have been produced either by drilling or boring holes in the chamber. or b v construct4 ing the chamber of longitudinal bars or slats so placed together that spaces are left between them. or some of them. or by fitting inside the shell of the chamber a number of rings so arranged as to overl-each one anA other to provide a space between cath tivo rings, or by placing such rinus .geiher to provide a smooth bore and promrlnfj apertures in the rings.

The passages for the escape of the expressed oillor the like produced as before described, have necessarily been of such a large size that it has been impossible to prevent some of the material being compressed from entering such passages and not only passing therethrough with the expressed oil or liquid, thereby necessitating such oil or liquid being subjected to treatment for the removal ot the material mixed therewith. but of the material choking the holes or passages and thereby preventing the oil or liquid from escaping therethrough, so necessitating the frequent steppa e of the machine or appa ratas for the holes or passages to be cleared Specification of.' Letters Patent.

Patented July T. '1914.

semi No, 806.492.

ot' the material. which as is Well known, is a sion and dillienlt operation.

The present invention has Jfor its object` an in'iproi'ed coinln'essing and expressing machine or alniai'atus by means of whichl the process; is carried out. whereby more et fective granpressiiig ol' the material, and consequently an increased proportion of expressed oil or liquid. are obtained. and whereby the expressed oil or liquid escapes free from. or practically free from solid mat ter? and the liability of solid matter to enter the oil or like escape passages. is Ubviated, or at any rate is so reduced as to be et' no moment. the present improvements in the compressing and expressing machine or appaatns residinp` in so constructing the chamber in which compression ot' the mate-- rial and the consequent expression of (he oil or the like takes place, that an annular passage is formed by means oi tubes built up of stares or rings.y through which passage the material to be compressed passes and is compressed therein. and in providing passages ol so minute a diameter or size for the expresafd oil or liquid to escape through` that it is impossible i'or solid matter to enter the saine, and thereby prevent material being compressed from escaping through such passages and becoming mixed with the expressed oil or liquid. and in providing a dieplate or theV like. through Awhich the conipressed material or the like passes and exudes in the t'orm of highly compressed and molded lengths or pieces ot' a pre-deter mined shape in cross-section. and also. if desired. in providing a device for cutting the extruded molded pieces into Vshorter pieces of a snitable length.

My improved process and means are particularly adapted for expressing oil troni the meal of certain seeds and the like used in the manufacture of food for cattle and the like where practically the whole of the oil may be expressed.y only a small proportion having to be left in the compressed meal to niet the requirements ot' the breeders or feeders of cattle` my improved process and means effecting this and also allowing ot' the compressed meal being extruded in the forni of siaped lengths or pieces which may be automatically ent into pieces of the desired length as it exudes at the delivery end ot the.

machine or apparatus.

Accordin to my invention, l employ a suitable cyllnder or casing in which works a worm-screw or the like into which cylinder or casing the material to be operated. on is fed, and to the delivery end, or it vmay be to the top or bottom of suoli cylinder or casing, it the same is place'd verticaliy or in an oblique position, I lit a plurality of concentric rings or tubes, two being a convenient number, each built up of a large number ci longitudinal metal bars or staves, or of flat metal rings, each or any suitable number of which is or are provided at one or both of its fiat sides with scratches or fine cuts which run from the bottom or inside tov i the said built up tube, or between each two of the same, if more than two are employed, Vis reduced or tapers to the outside-,or de1ivery end, thereb forming a tapered annular r'passage throng whichI the seed or' the like is forced, and at the outer end of the said tubes is preferably fitted a cap or dieplate provided with suitable holes through which the residuum of the seed or the like from which the oil, juice or the. like has been expressed, passes in the form of lengths of compressed material. A. suitabloperated knife may be fitted in any suita le way at the outside of the cap or die-plate to cut the compressed residuum into short pieces as it exudes through the holes in the said cap or die-plate.

In thelaccompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents in side view and partly in section,

part of an extrusion machine of the worm` screw type provided with my improvements to enable oil to be expressed from seeds and other voil-containing materials and subv stances, and juice or fluid from fruit, peat and other juice or fluid containing materials or substances, applied thereto and shown in longitudinal section, the showing of such improvements to a maclii. e of the kind nientioned being b v way of Lxample only. Fig.

' 2 is a front view of Fig. 1, part of the cap or die-plate being broken away', Fig. 3 is a perspective view of some of theouter and some of the inner staves of which, according to one m ide, the tubes are composed which provide the annular passage for the seed or the like being operated on, to pass through, removed from the machine; Fig. 4 is a similar view showing a part of each of three of such staves apart and drawn to anenlarged scale; Fig. 5 1s a similar view to Fig. l, but lhows rings in place of staves as being employed to form the tubes to provide the annular passage through which the seed or the like is forced lo be compressed and in which the oil or the like is expressed from such seed or the like, Fig. 6 is a section through some of the rings shown in Fig. 5, remove i from the machine, and Fig. 7 is a front view of Fig. 5, part of the cap or die-plate being broken away to allow of part of the rings next behind being seen.

The same reference characters are used to indicate the same parts when they appear 'on more than one figure.

Referring first to Figs. l to 4 inclusive of the drawings, A is the tubular portion or cylinder of an extrusion machine of the worm-screw type, and B is the worm-screw rotatable in suchl tubular portion or cylinder. C is a ring internally tapped with a of the tubular portion or cylinder A oi the machine, said ring having a shoulder C1 to abut against-the outer end of the cylindert, and a projecting portion Cz provided with an annular groove C3. The ring C maybe secured to the end of the tubular portion or cylinder of the machine by any suitable means other than being screwed thereon. D are a number of metal staves provided screw thread toscrew on to the 'outer end' with inner ends D1 of hook-like contigiiration adapted to be en aged by the annularly grooved portion C2 o the ring C` such staves bei so placed together as to form a tube as s own more clearly at Fig. l, and E are a number of similarly shaped staves which are so placed together as to form a second tube of smaller diameterl than, and concentric with the tube formed by the staves D. as also shown in Fig. l, the series of staves E being so fitted that the tube formed thereby has a greater taper than that formed by the staves D, the inner ends of the staves E being engaged by a ring F so mounted on the worm shaft that such shaft rotates with- 'out the said ring rotating. the ring being shaped as shown to engage the hook-like ends F1 of the said staves E. A convenient way of mounting the ring F on the worm shaft, which I illustrate by way of example only, is to provide such ring with an internal annular groove or race and the worm shaft with a corresponding groove or race, and place balls or rollers between the ring and the shaft so that they run in the said two races, said balls or rollers preventing thc ring Jfrom sliding on the shaft but at the same time allowing the shaft to rotate freely independently of .the ring. `When the two series of staves D and E are in position to form the two tubes, there is a sufiicient space between the tubes so formed as to provide an annular tapered passage Gr through which the seed or the like fed to the worm cylinder A of the machine is forced by the wormscrew B. The staves D and E have fine cuts or scratches e on one or both of their sides or faces, such scratches running from the .inside to the outside of the said stares thereby to form fine passages for the escape of the oil, juice or the like expressed from `the seed or the like beingr compressed between the tubes built up from the two series of staves, such cuts or scratches being lsufficiently fine to preient the escape therethrough of the compressed seed or 'other material or the like being acted ou. Screwed or otherwise suitably secured on or to the outer end of the tube formed by the stares D, is a cap or die-plate H which has preferably 'two concentric V or other' suitably shaped ribs H1, H2 on its inner face to t two correspondingly shaped notches h, h1 in the outer ends of the stares D and E respectively, said cap or plate haring a number of holes H3 in it through which the meal or residuum resulting from the compressed seed or material after the oil, juice or the like has been expressed, exudesin the forni of lengths of compressed material, holes H4 being also provided for the expressed oil.juice or the like to escape through. To cut the lengths of compressed material into smaller pieces, a

. knife J adapted to rotatearound the face of the cap or die-plate is preferably employed and driven by anymsuitable means, oni` and la convenient means described and illustrated by way of example only, being to key or otherwise ixedly mount it on the worm shaft K at the outside of the dielate whereby it rotates with the said worm s aft, as shown in the drawings.

Referring to the modified arrangement illustrated at Figs. 5 to 7 inclusive of the drawin A is the tubular portion or cylinder of t e extrusion machine, B is the Wormscrew, C is a ring shown for example only, as being internally tapped with a screwthread to screw on to the outer end of the portion A of the machine, and` D and E are two series of flat rings, those of one series being placed together' to form one tube and those of the other series, which are of s" aller diameter, placed together to form a second and smaller tube concentric with the first or outer tube. The hole through each ring of the series D is so tapered and the periphery of each ring of the series E is also so tapered, or the hole througheach ring of the series D, or the periphery of each ring of the series E, only, is so tapered, that when the two series of rings are placed together to form the two tubes, an annular tapered passage G is formed between the two tubes, through which passage the seed or the like fed to the worm cylinder A of the machine is forced by the )worm-screw B as described with reference to the machine illustrated at Figs. l to 4 inclusive of the drawings, H is the cap or die-plate secured to the ring C by means of bolts L, and J is the knife secured on the worm shaft K. The

rings D and E which form the two tubes are secured or bound together by means of bolts M, M1, some of which pass through holes in the cap or die-plate and fit recesses in the rings l), and others of which pass through other holes in the said cap or dieplate and through holes in the rings E.

The method of expressing the oil, juice or the like from the seed, material or the like,

and of making the residuum into com-` pressed lengths of material is as follows: The seed, fruit, herbs or other material` sub stance or the like from which the oil, juice or fluid is to be expressed, is fed to the eX- trusion machine and into the cylinder in which the worm-screw works, and is carried or forced along the interior thereof by means of the worm-screw working in such cylinder until it comes to the end thereof when it passes into the space between the built-up tubes wherein it is compressed as it passes therethrough and out through the holes in the front cap or die-plate, which holes have preferably parallel sidcs,'that is, they are straight, or their outer portions are straight to give the final compression and the required shape to the compressed nieterial, the oil, juice or the like expressed as a result of the compression of the seed or the like between th'e tubes, percolating through the minute holesl formed by the fine cuts or scratches in the sides of the staves, or the rings, as the case may be, from which the tubes are built up, and fiowing away to a collecting tank or the like, the compressed material or residuum of the seed or the like passing out through the holes in the cap or die-plate in the form of lengths of compressed material which are cut into short pieces by the knife mounted on the worm shaft rotating around the face of the cap or die-plate.

I claim 1. In a press, the combination, with a feeding cylinder; of 4a removable supporting ring engaging with one end portion of the feeding cylinder, an annular and tapering press chamber having its larger end portion secured to the said ring, one of the walls of the said chamber being formed of plates arranged face to' face and provided with grooves in theirfaces for the passage of expressed fluid, a die-plate secured to the smaller end portion of the said chamber and provided with an outlet for the passage of solid material` and means arranged in the feeding cylinder for forcing the material therefrom into the press chamber.

2. In a press, the combination, with a feeding cylinder; of a removable supporting ring engaging with one end portion (if the feeding cylinder` a press chamber having its outer wall formed of plates arranged face to face and provided with grooves in their faces for the passage of expressed fluid,

3. In n press.` the tomhinution1 with e feeding cylinder; of u dish supported on the axis of the feeding eylinder, an annular press chamber having its inner well farmed of plates arranged face te face and provided with grooves in their i'znes for the passage l of expressed iiuid, one end of each plate having a progeetion which engages with the seid disk, Ineens rer seem-ingthe press chamber te the feeding reylinder, a perforated die-plate secured :it the outlet end of I the p'ress Chamber, and menus arranged in the feeding cylinder for tere-ing the nmterial therefrom into the press ehmnber.

4, 1n u press, the combination, with u feeding cylinder, and feeding mechanism working therein; or' u ring` engaging with the feeding cylinder, :L press Chamber secured to the feeding cylinder et one end and having an outlet for solid material at its other end, he outer Wall of the said *9x-ess chamber being' formed of plates whih aire l held in plee-e by the said ring and are prol vided with grooves in their faces for the passage or expressed fluid.

5. 1n :i press, the combination, with a feeding eylinder, and a feeding worm arrunged therein :1nd llirovide'd with :L shaft which projects 'frein the said Cylinder', of a. disk nionmed on the seid shult and provided l with means for preventing it from sliding lengriindiinilly, a ringengaging with the l smid evlnder. :i press chamber having its inner und nder walls connected io the disk und rin: fespeetively, said wells being *Fm-nied er plates having grnoves in their inl-es olf the passage of expressed ilniiL and :i die plate seemed rio the eutlet end of the l press elniniher. d i ln testimony whereof I affix my signature, i in presence of tw@ Witnesses` l ALBERT WILLIAlri SIZER.

"itnesses f Louis Ehem HLPPAX,

l Fnsi). HARl'lLn Rhones

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