US1179838A - Sight for firearms. - Google Patents

Description

C. J. JOLIDON.

SIGHT FOR FIREARMS.

APPLICATION FILED sums. 19:4.

Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET L C. J; JOLIDON.

SIGHT FOR FIREARMS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 5. I914.

. 1,179,838. Patented Apr. 18,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Fly. 6 25 2s Ozarks tLliclon THE coLuMBlA PLANOGRAPH c0., WASHINGTON, D. c.

CHARLES J. JOLIDON, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE LYMAN GUN SIGHT CORPORATION, OF MIDDLEFIELI), CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CON- NECTICUT.

SIGHT FOR FIREARMS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES J. JoLiDoN, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford, and in the State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Sights for Firearms, and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to improvements in the sights for firearms, and it has for its object to provide a rear sight of the vertically adjustable class which shall embody certain improvements in construction adapted to render the device more simple, efiicicnt, and less troublesome and expensive of manufacture. These improvements have for their purpose to provide a substitute for the rack which projects from the sight stem of said class of sights, adapted for intermeshing with the adjusting nut commonly employed to elevate or depress the sight which will dispense with the milled slot in the part in which the sight stem travels for the reception of said rack and through which it projects, and thus provide a construction that is substantial and more cheaply made.

Further objects are to provide improved spring detent mechanisms for holding the elevating nut or sleeve secure against displacement, mechanism for adjusting the Zero mark and indicator graduation relative to each other for point blank, and means for securing the elevating nut in its bearing.

The invention consists in the novel arrangement, combination and construction of parts substantially as hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings-Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved sight, shown in the position for aiming when mounted on a firearm held horizontally; Fig. 2 is a Vertical cross section through the sight in the aforesaid position, taken on the line 22 of the horizontal cross section, Fig. 7 of transverse to the line of aim, but showing the sight stem entire, the figure being enlarged togeher with all the remaining figures, to twice the size of Fig. 1, to better illustrate the more minute proportions of the construction which would otherwise present great difficulty in delineation; Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section taken longitudinally of the barrel, or upon the plane 33 of Fig. 7, enlarged as aforesaid; Fig. 4 is a horizontal cross section through the elevating nut on the plane 44t of Fig. 2, and similar plane 44 of Fig. 3, showing the means for adjusting the zero line of the graduation at point blank; Fig. 5 is a view of the lower end of the elevating nut or sleeve, and the spring for holding it stationary; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the said spring for securing the elevating nut stationary enlarged; Fig. T is a horizontal cross section on the plane 7-7 of Figs. 2 and 3, enlarged; Fig. 8 is an enlarged plan view of the spring ring for retaining the elevating nut in its bearings; Fig. 9 is an enlarged rear view of the sight stem showing the thread teeth for inter-meshing with the elevating nut; Fig. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of the upper end of the sight post or nonrotating part for carrying the sight stem, with a portion of the stem mounted therein, and a part of the elevating nut shown in vertical cross section; Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic plan view of Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is an enlarged plan view of the sight part, with the elevating nut bearing and spring.

Referring to the drawings, it is to be understood that the base 10, of my improved sight, adapted for being mounted on the stock of the fire arm rcarwardly of the barrel and hammer, pertains to an old and well known class of sights, provided with the ears 11 through which is rigidly mounted a transverse bolt 12 secured by the binding nut 13 and having a spring detent or elastic section 14 for the purpose of retaining in position a sight carrying member hinged upon the bolt and adapted to be folded down upon the base, from the sighting position shown in Fig. 1. It is the sight carrying member and its mechanism which embodies my improvements, and, while they are here shown as applied to a folding sight, it will be readily perceived that they are equally important and applicable to a non folding sight member, or construction in which the sight post, socalled, is integrally connected and forms one part with the base, which class of sights is also old and common. Therefore while I have chosen to illustrate the invention with a form of sight with which it is adapted to be extensively used, I do not limit it to such construction nor is it necessary to further describe the folding character of the mechanism, beyond the statement, that, a; the present instance,

comprises a vertical hollow spindle, 17, or

sight post proper, having around its base a vertical circular mm 18 which forms an annular bearing for the reception of the lower end of the adjusting or sight elevating nut or sleeve 19 received upon the spindle or sight post 17 and coextensive in height therewith, as shown in Fig. 2. Both the elevating nut and the rim are formed, respectively, with registering circumferential grooves 20 and 21, of such relative proportions that a cut spring ring 22 may be wholly sprung within the groove in the elevating nut, and then self-expanded partly into the groove in the rim after the parts are assembled, and remaining partly engaged with the nut, whereby the respective members are positively held together and prevented from ever becoming detached af ter they have once been fitted together.

The elevating nut bottoms within the annular chamber which seats it, but an extension 23 of the chamber at the outer side is provided below the nut, for the reception of a circular spring 2-1, which, by being made so that when not under pressure it is deflected in a perfectly flat or plane condition, or is slightly arched and then partly flattened by being crowded down into its seat, is adapted by its elasticity to spring upwardly against the nut, acting upon the nut at the diametrically opposite points 25 and upon the floor of its seat 26, at the diametrically opposite points 27, as designated in Figs. 5 and 6. The spring at one of the points 25, is bent into a slight angle 28 which is adapted to engage any one of a series of notches 29 in the end face of the nut, in number proportioned to the requirements of the case, usually four, and hold the nut from being rotated except by the application of sufiicient pressure to overcome the holding force of the spring engaged with the detent notch of the nut. The spring itself is held from rotation in its seat by having its ends 30 extended radially and engaged with a vertical slot 31 on the front side of the rim 18, as shown in Fig. 12. The clicking of the detent angle of the spring with thedetent notches 29 of the nut enables the turns of the nut to be heard and felt, and thus counted without the aid of vision and a look at the graduation marks 32 on the nut, in their registration with a zero point or line 33 on the front side of the rim 18, as designated in Fig. 13,. or at any other point 371, as shown in Fig. 1. From this circumstance the spring is called the click spring. The part 34 in the present invention is graduated with twenty divisions or degrees, that is five to each detent notch.

While the graduation specified may be applied to the surface of the nut, I have ,provided a separate surface or annular co-llar 34: fitted upon the lower part of the nut for such indication, which by being independent of the nut itself, readily enables the graduation to be brought into alinement with the zero mark to be applied only after the point blank adjustment is determined by trial. The collar is held against displacement by a curved spring 35 received in a slot 36 in the collar and pressing against the body of the nut, as shown in Fig. 2.

In the old and well known forms of this class of sight, the elevating nut was internally threaded, and its threads intermeshed with a rack raised on the sight stem carried in the bore of the sight post, the rack projecting through a corresponding slot in the sight post, which parts were troublesome and expensive of manufacture and assemblage. My improvement to provide elevating means for the sight stem comprises in combination a screw thread 37 cut eccentrically on one side of the sight stem 38, and the bore of the sight post which receives the sight stem is also placed eccentric to the axis of the post, nearly coinciding with.

one side of the post, as shown in Figs. 7, 10 and 11. The upper portion of the sight post is reduced in diameter to conform to the circle of the bottom of the threads on the sight stem, which cuts away the metal entirely on one side of the sight post and leaves a part 39 of lune shaped cross section at such point, rising vertically on the end of the sight post as shown in the perspective Fig. 10, the plan view Fig. 11, andv the cross section Fig. 7.

The elevating nut 19 is concentrically bored to fit upon the body of the spindle or post 17 and has its upper part 40 of smaller aperture to fit upon the lune shaped part 39 of the post, and screw threaded internally'to engage with the thread of the sight' stem, as fully shown in Figs. 3, 7, 10 and 11.

The construction and relation of the eccentric parts of the mechanism will be fully understood by reference to the diagrammatic plan view Fig. 11 in which letters are employed to designate the respective centers and circles, A representing the center of the sight post, B the center of the sight stem, D the exterior circle of the thread, E the interior circle of the thread, and F the circumference of the sight stem, concentric to point B, eccentric to point A, and coinciding with the exterior circle D of the thread at the point 43. A spline or key 41 is let into the sight stem near the lower end thereof and engaged with and adapted to travel in a longitudinal slot 42 in the lli sight post, as shown in Figs. 3, 4:, 7, 10 and 11 to hold the sight stem against being rotated in its bearing by the rotative action of the elevating nut.

In the operation of the mechanism, as the elevating nut is held secure against longitudinal movement upon the sight post, by means of the ring 22, the effect of rotating it will be to raise or lower the sight stem by means of the engagement of the respective screw threads of the parts, thus adjusting the sight 47 to the required height. In this movement the spring 2% will register the number of degrees or turns made by the nut, by the clicking sound made as the detent of the spring snaps into the notches of the nut, and the spring will hold the nut secure when the sight stem is adjusted to po sition.

Figs. 2 and at show the grooves 20 and 21 with the retaining spring for holding the sight post and sight carrying part or base together in position for engaging said parts. The grooves, it will be understood form a common seat for the spring In operation said ring first placed in the groove 20 of the adjusting nut and compressed to enter Within the rim 18, as shown in Fig. 5, will expand when the grooves of the respective parts coincide or register, and enter the groove 21 in part, as shown in Fig. 2, after which the parts cannot be displaced or taken apart. If the depth of the interior groove be equal to the depth of the ring and the exterior groove half of such depth, the desired result will be insured.

The length of the sight stem is such that it will bottom or contact with the surface of the bolt 12 when the sight is somewhat below the point blank position. Then, in operation after the point blank position is found and the collar Ell properly set, if the number of spaces the nut requires to be turned to elevate the sight stem from contact with the bolt to point blank be noted, the collar 34 can always thereafter be set in the self same position after it has been moved therefrom and point blank indication last by simply bottoming the sight stem, then raising it the required quota of spaces on the graduation lines and then set-- ting the collar to zero, which will be the original point blank position.

The elimination of the projecting rack on the sight carrying stem conduces to a material saving in manufacture, both by the elimination of the milling operation for providing the slot to receive said projecting rack and also by the fact that the stem itself is a cylindrical body in the periphery of which the thread is cut so that the stem can be formed by a simple turning operation as in a lathe, which is impossible where the rack is in the form of a projection from the periphery of the stem.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is 1. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of a longitudinally slidable sightcarrying stem that is cylindrical in form and has screw-threads in the periphery thereof, a nut having an internal thread to engage the screw-tl1reads of the stem, said nut and stem being eccentrically mounted with respect to each other, means to resist turning of the stem, and means to prevent longitudinal movement of the nut.

2. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of a longitudinally movable sight-carrying stem having a cylindrical body, an interrupted screw-thread in the periphery of said body, an internally threaded nut whose thread engages the thread of the stem, the axis of the nut being eccentric to the axis of the stem, a cylindrical bearing for the nut concentric with the axis thereof having a stenrreceiving opening whose axis is concentric with the stem axis, means to resist rotation of the stem, and means to prevent longitudinal movement of the nut.

3. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of a sight-carrying stem, a rotary adjusting device for the stem having an annular recess, a bearing for said rotary adjusting device having an internal annular recess alining with the annular recess in said rotary device, and a split ring within both of said annular recesses.

4:. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of a sight-carrying stem, a rotary adjusting device for the stem having detent notches, a click spring consisting of an arched spring ring having a notch engaging projection, and a support for said ring that engages it at separated points.

5. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of a. movable sight-carrying member, a rotary adjusting device, a rotary index carry ing member loosely mounted on said device and rotatable to different positions thereon, and a part carrying a cooperating index stationarily mounted with reference to said rotary device.

6. In an adjusting mechanism. the com bination of a nut screw threaded internally, a cylindrical member longitudinally movable within the nut slidable in the general direction of the axis of the nut and provided with teeth on one side within its periphery intermeshing with the thread of the nut, a bearing for confining the motion of the nut to a rotary movement, said bearing confining the motion of the mem her to movement at substantially right angles to the rotation of the nut.

7. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of a base or supporting member provided with a cylindrical bearing, an adjusting nut journaled on said cylindrical hearing internally screw threaded, a cylindrical sight stem movably carried in said supporting member mounted within the bearing and eccentrically to the nut, and having a series of teeth on one side meshing with the thread of the nut.

8. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of a base or supporting member having a cylindrical socket and having an internal circular groove provided with a sight carrying member concentric with the socket, an adjusting nut seated within the socket, the adjusting nut and supporting member having coincident or registering grooves, and a spring ring seated within said grooves in engagement with both members, the interior groove being cut to a depth not less than the depth of the ring to admit the ring wholly within it in a compressed state, and the ring being self-expanding with parts in the screw groove.

9. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of a movable sight stem provided with engaging teeth, an annular elevating nut having its thread intermeshing with the engaging teeth of the sight stem, a supporting frame for mounting the stem and nut in such interengaging relation and provided with an annular spring thrust bearing-at the end of the elevating nut, a spring seated between said thrust bearing and the" nut bent to provide opposite diametrical bearing points on the thrust bearing and opposite diametrical bearing points on the end of the nut substantially at right angles to those on the thrust bearing, the spring being provided with a detent formation at one of its bearing points on the nut and the nut with corresponding detent engaging notches, the spring having projecting ends and the frame being provided with shoulders for engaging said projecting ends of the spring to prevent rotation thereof, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

10. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of a supporting frame provided with a vertical external cylindrical bearing having an internal cylindrical bearing eccentric to the external bearing, and the end of the external bearing reduced in diameter for a limited portion of its height to overlap or encroach upon the circle of the eccentric internal bearing and cut away or remove a portion of the wall thereof, an adjusting nut received upon the external cylindrical bearing and provided with a threaded por tion fitting the reduced portion of the bear? ing and overlapping upon the circle of the eccentric internal bearing, a sight stem mounted in the eccentric bearing, the internal bearing provided with teeth on the side coinciding with the cut away portion of the wall of the internal bearing, and intermeshing with the thread of the adjusting nut, means for preventing the longitudinal movement of the nut upon its bearing, and means for preventing the rotary movement of the sight stem within its seat.

11. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of an adjusting nut, a thrust bearing or seat and an annular spring placed between the annular end of the nut and said thrust hearing or seat, the spring having opposite diametrical bearing points on the nut and thrust bearing respectively at substantially right angles to each other.

12. In a sight for fire arms, the combination of an adjusting nut, a thrust hearing or seat and an annular spring placed between the annular end of the nut and said,

thrust hearing or seat, the spring having opposite diametrically engaging points on the nut, and thrust bearing respectively at substantially right angles to each other, one

of said engaging points of the spring on the nut being formed into a detent angle or shoulder, and the nut being provided with a detent notch for the engagement of such angle or shoulder.

13. In a sight for fire arms having a sight stem longitudinally adjustable for elevation in the supporting frame or base, and an adjusting nut mounted in the frame or base inter-meshing with and adapted to operate the sight stem, the combination With the adjusting nut of a graduated collar rotatably mounted upon the adjusting nut for measuring its movement of rotation relative to the base, and a spring seated in the frame or base and bearing upon the nut to excite frictional pressure thereon. and means for limiting the movement of the sight stem to a definite point below the point blank position for the purpose of resetting the graduated collar with definite reference to and calculable from the position of the sight stem at such lim t of its movement.

In testimony that I claim the fore o ng I have hereunto set mv hand this 2nd day of September, 1914, at New Haven, Conn.

CHARLES J. JOLIDON.

Witnesses GEORGE L. BARNES, DAVID GRANT.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. Q."

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