US1171121A - Direct-acting explosion-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

.1.1; HEILMANN.

` DIRECT ACTING EXPLOSION TURBINE. I' APPLICAION 'FILED MAR. 2h I9| I. 1,171,121.

e ,2- SHEETS-SHEET 1. 43 1,1

Petented Feb. 8,1916.`

1.1. HEILMANN. l DIRECTACTING EXPLOSION TURBINE. APPLICATION HLED MAR, 21,'1911. l v

Patented 115118,1916.

y 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2. V

1.1. HERMANN.

DIRECT ACTING EXPLOSION TUJRBINE. APPLICATIQN FILED MAR. 21. 19H.

Patented Fb. 8,1916,

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3. @14

i vTo all whom-it may; concern:

" MANN,

VBe it known that I, JEAN citizen of-the French Republic, re-

siding at Paris, in -Athe Department of the Seine, France, have invented certain newv and useful Improvements in Direct-Acting. Explosion-Turbines, of which the following f lis a speciication Heretofore explosion turbines, so called,

have-not been in reality true explosion or internal combustionfturbines, inasmuch as Vthe principle upon which they are based is similar to that eig-ds turbines in which the ex ansion of the ygases is utilized for actu- 'ating the movable. elements or rotors, In other-words, until now in explosion turbines the explosive mixture hasyoccu ied an ex-` plosion chamber independent o the rotor, and lafter being ignited -in this independent chamber, the products of combustion have .been permitted to ac t expansively on the vanes of the rotor.

In order that a turbinemay reallybe termed' an internal combustion turbine it 2 5V should Vbe comparable to anjinternal combustion engine.

This in vention hence has reference to an l explosion turbine or internalcombustion turbine the mode of operation of which can in certain ways be compared with that of an internal combustion engine. l The principle involved in the construction of this-turbine essentially consists in the more or less momentary and repeated formation of one or morejexplosion chambersor `pockets, by means offparts Vmovable with formed explosion chamber,

lhausting the-fprodu'cts of combustion therefrom, and any arrangements `for ignitingV the said mixturein said chamber or'cham-A respect to each other, said parts having cavities and conduits therein adapted to co-act mentarily placed lin communication with each other.- The action of these parts 1s L'automaticand in the preferred form of de- ,vice is due to `therotation of an intermediate rotor and relatively fixed central and outer elements 4or stators.

- Any 'suitable method or means of intro- .ducing the. explosive mixtureinto the so as well as of exbers, may be employed; so' that Idol not wish "imtobeelimited to suchfeatures in any way,

other thanv bythe scope of 4the appended claims. Byway of Aexempliticationv the pro- Speciiication'ofI-,ette'rs Iatent. v

JACQUES Hanf' and 4in whichl like chambers aforesaid when mosside elevation of the turbineand its accesduction of theexplosivemixture andthe exhaust of the products of combustion may be effected by' either the ixed central or the .exterior portion, or bythe rotor, and

the igniting devices may be arranged in one ofthe fixed portions, or in the rotor, the

y Patented Feb.8,v1 916. Application iiied arch 21, 1911. Serial 30.615,87?. y

ignition ofthe mixture being eiiected atthe instant vwhen the coiperating cavitieswhich togethen constitute a given explosion chamber are 1n chamber-forming relationshi it being supposed that the conformation'o the walls of the explosion chambers is suchthat I agiven portion of one of said chambers pertaining, for example, .to the, xed central" structure constitutes, when-(compared to reciprocating engines, th bottom or head of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, whilel the portion of VVthe said 'explosion chamber pertaining to the rotor constitutes, in effect, the piston. The practical realization .of these secondary questions as well as thatof the distribution of the ignition, of the cooling, `and that of the backward4 running, or'driving of the turbinefrotor, 4also forms part of, or may -be regarded as within the purview of, the'present invention ,which relates notjalone to Ithe provision of explosionpockets of such shape, in a plurality of v)fixed and movable elements, as will drive one `at least of said elements through. the action v of the explosion gases thereon, but,

furthenof the turbine,comp1ete and as a Whole. Y e In the drawings which form a part hereof charactersdesignate like .parts throughoutthe several views, 1 have exemplified Ya preferred form of my invenvso tion; ItA is toibe understood, however, that many changes and modifications g lmay be made therein within the purviewfof my invention and I` hence desire to be'. limited only by the scope of the claims-appendedhereto.

Referring to the drawings: Figurelis a sory parts. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the'turbine proper.

transverse 'section of sald turbine. Figs. 4,

`5 and 6- are detail-viewseofthej parts which formthe explosion chambersg'used the forward lrunning or driving of the` mecha-'- rious phases of the formation 'of suclichambers; to-fwit, .the dispositlon of-"saidparts `ico Fig; 3 is a .1 0'5 said views showing respectivelyjvasition of similar parts used in thebackward driving of the mechanism. Figs.. 10, 11 and 12 are diagrammatic views showing a method y of distributing the explosive mixture'to the explosion chambers for simultaneous ignition therein. Fig. 13 1s a diagrammatic view of a modification, showing a means for regulating the admission. Figs. 14, 15 and 16 are diagrammatic views showing a preferred means for distributing the explosive mixture tol the respective chambers for the consecutive ignition of charges of said miX- ture therein. i

In general, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the preferred turbine construction can be regarded as being made up of the following six distinct parts: An outer casing; preferably fixed. Means for distributing the exvplosive vmixture. to the explosion chambers.

The rotor'of the turbine; preferably a cylinder arranged concentrically between the casing-andthe distributing means, and ro-y vided with openings forthe purpose o assisting in the formation of theexplosion chain ers, these said openings taking the place, in the .operation of the mechanism, of

. the blades or vanes of known turbines.

\ ary in importance and may be of any 'suitn able and desired construction Referring to the drawings, 1 is the cy- I lindrical casing, fastened by any suitable means'to. a frame, 2 the fixed drum provided with channels 3` introducing the explosive mixture to the distributing chambers, fl is the rotor situated concentrically between 1 and 2 and mounted on ball bearings 5 and 6, the axial thrust being carried,

for example, upon a ball thrust-bearing 7.

The explosion chambersv are vformed by the momentary juxta-position of openings 8, passing through the walls of the rotor 4,

w ith cavities 9 formed on -the-surface of the distributing drum'2 and into which :open out the channels 3, and withv cavities 10 formedl on the interior surface of the casing 1, exhaust channels 11 passing from these openings and conducting the products of com.- bustion into the 'collector 12 from where they 'are evacuated. The arrangement of the openings 8 and of the cavities 9 and 10 is such as to ,present two distinctl groups of explosion chambers intended for the pui'- pose of permitting either the forward running or the backward running of the rotor,

according as the explosive mixture is sent to one Ior the other group. This result is attained by simply reversing the 'position of the openings 8 and cavities '9 and 10,

ldifferentiating the one group from the other as may be seen from an examination of the Figs. 4, 5 and 6 which show the disposition'of the walls of the explosion chambers used in the forward driving of the rotor, and Figs. '7, 8 and 9 which show the dispositionof the walls of the chambers used for backward running.

It is evident that the shape and the capacity of the elements 8, 9 and10 forming thchambers, as well as the number of the latter may be varied as desired, and that it is also possible to vary the combination in the grouping; for example by arranging three groups of explosion chambers, two of which are for the forward running, z'. e. of similar arrangement to Figs. 4, 5 and (i,

and one group for the backward running,

similar to the arrangement ,of Figs. 7, 8

' and 9. The number of groups may be any desired, e. four groups, six groups and so on, one half of which, for example, will be for forward running 'and the` other half for backward running. v v

The admission of the explosive mixture into the distributing drum 2 `is ei'ected by means of the admission tube orsleeve 13 provided with openings 14. This Itube in this' case turns or rocks alternately in one direction and then in the other, thus bringing at ldefinite intervals the openings 14 therein,

opposite the channels 3` which permits the.

explosive mixture in the interior of the sleeve 13, to pass into the distributing drum- 2, and from there into the explosion chambers8, 9 and 10.

The sleeve 13 may be actuated in any suity ica able manner, being rockedfor example, by

mean-sofa cam wheel 15 driven by a wheel 16,the latter being keyed to the shaft .of the magneto; the cam raising a tappet .18 is carried by the sleeve 13. The return ofthe said tube to its originalposition, when thus driven therefrom, is elfected` by meansv of a spring 19 or in any other suitable manner.`

The admission and closed portions of this tube are shown in the drawings in Figs. 10 and 12. The regulating of the amplitude of the displacement of the tube 13 can be effected as shown in Fig. 13 by advancing or' drawing back the tappet 18.

When the admission' tube or sleeve 1 3 is continuously rotated, the arrangement shown in Figs. 14:, 15-and 16 will be employed, in

which it will be seen thatl the continuous rof tation ofY the sleeve 13 is effected by the `wheel-15, the caml of which has been dispensed with.

-Theadmission and the regulation of the delivery of the air and the gases may be effected .by means off a cylindrical plug 20,

which in the present instance carries tubes y 21, one upon either side, or rather end, there of, these tubes coverthe admission .14, of the s1eeve13 when the said lug is m its neutral, onin this' instance, medi tion 'shown -in Fig. 2. The plug 20 isproopenings vided with radially 'A directed conduits 22 preferably of variable sections, said conduits being in communication with a'. centraltube 23 which conducts air under pressure. Cross 'channels24 which may be simply annular grooves around the cylindrical surface of the plug, open outwardly preferably imme- 1 diately adjacent the mouths ofthe conduits 22, the gaseous fluid being introduced into these channelsl 24 through the instrumentality of a seriesof small pipes 25 arranged around the central tube 23, and being par- -allel to lsaid tube and tothe-axis of the turbine; channels 24 being in communication with the pipes 25, and the latter extending directly through the plug 20.1"By means of this arrangement the gases are drawn in after.. the manner of a Giffard injector by the f air under pressure flowing outV of the conduit 22 into and through the slots or openings 14 into the'respectwe channels 3 of the distributer The regulation of the supply lis effected by longitudinally displacing the 'plug 20` in theadmission tube 13 so as to cause the openings of the conduits22 to coincide more or less with the admission openings 14, accordingV to the supply required andaccordingly as lthese openings 22 Vare situated opposite the admission openings 14 corresponding to the one or the `other group of explosive chambers, ward driving of the rotor will be effected 'in any desired manner, for exampleby means of' a damper or throttle' depend on as to whether'the sparks of the -37 by means of plug 30 have-to be produced for a simultaneous or consecutive lgmtion the method adopted. The 'magneto 1T can be driven by means of shafts 31 and 32 gea-rI wheels 33 and ahelicoidal gear 3 4, drlven from the gear 35 keyed to. the'shaft 36 of the '66, rotor 4, gear 35 also drivinga second shaft a gear 38.

' The cooling ofthe fixed parts 1 and 2, and .ofthe rotor 4 is effected by water chambers 1, 2and 4, and by a system of pipes 30, 40,

,41 controlled by arotary pump 42 keyeghto, 1S.

:the prolongation of the lshaft 32.V

an, posithe forward or back-- l be effected. -y The regulationof the quantity of 'air may according to method ,of cooling suices to prevent the l parts adjoining the explosion chambers 8,

9,10 being heatedto red heat.

v' Thev compressed air introdl ced `into the Acel'itral channelA 23 can be supplied from any source whatever, preferably bythe turbine itself, forexa'nfiple, bymeans of pumps 43 vthe cylinders of which are arranged in tandem and the pistons of which are actuated by eccentricV cams 44y Ior' cranks mounted Von the shaft 36 of' the rotor. t The air 'is compressed into a reservoir 45 and isintro'- duced vinto the'` tubel 23 of the plug 2O byl means of a pipe 46; The ldriving parts are inclosed in a casing 47.

The above described gas `turbine-operan-ss in the following manner: 5 In Figs. 3 and,

the rotor 4 is shown in such'a .position that the chambers 8 have not yet entirely reached the exhaust chambers, 1.0, while they` make. connection, on the other hand, at thelr'inner. ends with the `enlargements of the chambers 9. of the admissionV channels 3. At' this' 'artlculafr lnstant, the explosions in each o the r'chambers formed'bythe chambers ,3, 9 and 8, will take .f lace'.4 However, since the rotary slide va ve, as shown in Fig. 2, `closes channels 3 at their,l inner ends, none yof the` l ,e highlyl compressed gases of combustion will escape, but these gases will exert a uniformv pressurel on the walls o f the chambers- 3, 9 and 8,- without causingthe rotation of the rotor. f The theory of the operation depends on causing these explosions to vtake placey .in the perfectly closed chambers with the end in view of letting the highly compressed gases of combustion suddenly escape durmg the rotation of the rotor, into the chambers y10. It is therefore necessary lthat the rotor be given, when in the position shown in Fig. 2, a rotary motion 1n order to brmg the outer endsof the chambers 8 containing the I gases of combustion-into connection with the exhaust chambers 1 0, and it is for this purpose that thetchambers 9 vare arrange 1n the inner stator 2, w'l'nch chambers condelle stituteenlargements of the admission y"channels 3. These 'enlargements or chambers '9 insure lthe connection between the explosion` or combustion chambers 8 wlth the channels 3 for an extended period of time,' `and thus the admitted mixture of explosive gaseswill exert -an action" uponthe wall surfaces of the chambers 8 for a corresponding period. lAt the instant when the rotor 4 is in such lposition that the channels' 8 make their first connection with chambers 9, the compressed gas mixture' flowing through the channels- 3 exerts a jet-like direct pressure upon each of the respective wall surfaces of thechambers 8, wherebya rotation of the rotor is. brought'a'bout inthe direction of the arrow Vshown in F-ig. 4. As soon as the chambers 8 and 91.-(see Figs.- 3 and 5) `.are directly oppositeeaclother, the further supply of rotate, due to the momentum caused bythe:

,gasv mixture -is out, ofi" through Ithe 'i rotary slide valve 13. However, the rotor vwill still impetus received from the. pressureiofthe gas mixture upon entering vthe chamber. The explosion will take place Within` the chambers 8 during this rotation and the rotor will, due to its momentum, be brought whereby through the heavy reactionaryl pressure, the rotor is further turned around in the direction of the arrow until the chambers 8 reach the nearest chambers 9 of the inner stator, when a new mixture of compressed gases is admitted which will exert a corresponding jet-like pressure upon the walls of the chambers 8,' This operation is repeated until the turbine has run up to speed. e

It is;` possible to give a suiiciently heavy impetus vtothe rotor through the back-pressure of the explosive mixture and through thev simultaneous action of vthe centrifugal lthe, openings -11 into t power of the rotor which acts like a heavy ily-wheel when\the turbine is running at speed, but it is deemed more suitable to produce the absolutely necessary partial rota- I,

tion required at the instant of explosion through a directly ,acting pressure medium,- that is, through the/pressure of compressed explosive mixture Upon the 'front surfaces of the chambers 8.

Where there are two groups of yexplosion chambers, one for forward andthe other for f backward running the products of combustion are 'more rapidlyl exhausted through e collector 12 `owing to the atmospheric depression occasioned and constantly maintained in the said collector by means of the other group of ,ex` plosion chambers for the backward running, .the said group actinglike a rotary suction i I pump. v Areverse working or mode of operation takes place when the turbine is running backward, that is to say when the plug 20 coincides with the openings 14 ofy the tube 13 and the openings 3 of the opposite group (Figs.v 7, 8 and 9) in which 'case the group of chambers used -asexplosion chambers during the forward running will occasion .the atmosphericdepression in the collector The number of explosions may be yvaried as desired, for exampleon one complete rev- Olution of, the rotor 4 there may be as many admissions and explosions as there are explosion chambers.

.A devicefor regulating the speed offthe turbine may be employe-d if necessary, for example a ball regulator or centrifugal govradiii passing theret parts `of this turbine as well as in the parts themselves without in any Way aii'ecting the principle ofthe invention, essentially involving the combination of two preferably iixed parts and an intermediate movable part, said parts periodically cooperating momentarily to formand un-formV explosion chambers into which the explosive mixture is introduced, the simultaneous or consecutlve explosion of whichvmixture in all the kchambersthe rotation of the movable and motor portion of the turbine being occasioned by the admission'and exhaust from said chambers; a the lpower of the turbine being dependent on the shape, number and capacity of the explosion chambers to some extent, which may be varied as desired; for example by increasing the length of vthe openings 8, or .in other Words the thickness of the rotor wall.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of myl said invention and infwhat vmanner the same is to be performed, I declare that what l claim is:

l.v` In an explosive turbine, a rotorhaving chambers formed therein at -spaced intervals therearound, means for introducing a combustible mixture underI pressure into said.

chambers in a direction to strike the lside walls of the chamber at van angle thereto whlle said rotor is rotating, means for clos- ...ing said chambers,4 means `for igniting the explosive charge within said chambers, and means for .exhausting the exploded gases from said chamber in a direction to cause the explosive gases vto rer-act against the side walls of saidchamber in said rotor toadd 'a'further impetus to the rotation of thev 2. In an internal combustion turbine, two spaced concentrically arranged stators and an intermediate rotor, said rotor having a series of spaced explosion chamberstherein, inlet passages in one of said stators and outlet passages in the other -o'f said stators periodically and momentarily communicating with said chambers during the normal operation of the turbine. f 4

3. In an explosion turbine, a rotor comprising a rotary annular member having a plurality of chambers formed therein with their sidewalls anularly disposed to the rough, vmeans for periodically introducing explosive charges under pressure into each of said chambers in a substantial-ly radial direction, while said rotor is rotating to cause the charge in h entering said.- chambers to act directly "ist thereby rotate the rotor, means for exploding'the charges while within said chambers and means ror exhausting the, charges in a substantially' radial direction to cause the reaction of the exploded gases in escaping from said chambers rto add a further impetus to the rotation'of therotor.

4.1ln adirect action and'reactionyexplosive turbine, two concentrically arranged stators and an intermediate rotor, said rotor having a plurality. of chambers therein leading from stator to stator and disposedl at spaced intervals therearoundfeach of said stators having recesses in the surfaces thereof which are immediately, adjacent said rotor, said chambers in said rotor coacting momentarily and periodically with vthe recesses in one of said stators during the rotation of the rotor to form explosion chambers, meansfor introducing an explosive charge into each of' said chambers, means 4for igniting said mixture in each ofl said chambers, said chambersin saidrotor also momentarily and .periodically co-acting with said'recesses in the other of lsaid sta-j tors during the rotation of said rotor and after the explosion of the combustible mixture withinsaid explosive chamber has' l taken place, and means for connecting said last-named recesses to exhaust.

5. vIn a direct. action and reaction explosive turbine comprising two concentrically arranged stators andan intermediateV rotor,

' `said rotor having a plurality of chambers therein .leading Vfrom stator to stator at spaced mtervals therearound, each of said stators having in its surface'which is imi' mediately'adjacent said rotor, aplurality of recesses adapted to be brought into communication with said -chambers in said rotor, said chambersin "said 'rotor co-acting momentarily and periodically with the recesses in one of said stators during therota tion of therotor to form explosion 'cham- Y bers, means for introducing an explosive vmixture under pressure into said chambers in a" generally radial direction, means for igniting said mixture when in said chambers, said chambers in mentarily and periodically co-acting with thej'recesses in the other of said stators duringltherotatlon of the rotor after the exploi", -jsionfoffthe mixture within the-explosion Vcliaginbers'` has taken lgases entering said chambersein a generally-ffor connecting each' l combustible "radial direction,

means o f 'said-'last named recessesto exhaust, said to the general radial direction in 'which the mixtureA enters and exhausts therefrom whereby the entrance and `exhaust of said 6.' A direct tion and'reacticn explosive said rotor also mo-` fagrotor each having lcylindrical surfaces l place, 'said exploded plurality ofa chambers formed in said f momentarily chambers during g said chambers 'a d passage-ways having ,fro lhaving a side wall of 4each of the 460 chambers angularlydisposed with respect mixture fromfsaid chamber will cause a rotation of the rotor.

said rotor,v and momentarily and periodi-` cally co-actingfwith them during the operation of the turbine to Vform explosion chambers, means forji'ntroducing a .combustible mixture under pressure into said explosion chambers whereby the combustible mixture will act directly against the walls of, the

said chamber in" said rotor to cause-thel rotation of the same, the other of saidstators having recesses therein leading in a substantially radial directionto exhaust and positioned. to be momentarily and. periodically\brought into communication with the chambers in said rotor after the ,explosion within said chambers has taken lacewhereby, due to the disposition 'of thewalls of said chambers in said rotor,

recesses to exhaust to a termediate rotor, said rotor-ha; faces .in contact with the inne surfaces, respectively, of said-sjtatQra'sai'd rotor having a plurality of chambers therein at spaced intervals.therearouidf'lcading from stator to stator, said chambers having their side walls angularly disposed tothe its surfradii;passinggtheretlirough, means in one of said statos-,orforcing a combustlbley mixture into said chambers in a substan- -tilly radial dirctionto cause saidmix- `tureto act directly uponthe walls of said chambers and cause the rotation of the rotor, means for' ignitingthe mixture withinsaid explosion chambers, and means for exhausting the exploded gases from said chambers through the other of said stators.

. Inanexplosive turbine, a

ontact with each other, a o

rotor at spaced 1ntervals -therearound,"-said stator having'a plurality of passage-waysformed therem commumcating with the rotation of saidlrotor,

an Vintermediate rotor,

sin"

aof`

the exploded A gases will react against said walls in esca- `ing through said d a further impetus to the rotation of the 7. Inl an explosive turbine, two spaced concentrically arranged `stators-'and' an, 1n-l stator and said their side walls disposed at an Aangle to each otherwhen in communication, and means for introducing Aan explosive charge. under pressure into each ofsaid chambers 1n s ald rotor through said passage-ways in the stator to thereby cause said explosive mixture to strike the walls of the chambers in said rotor at an angle thereto and thereby rotate the same.

9. In an explosive turbine, a statorand arotor having surfaces incontact, said rotor having a' plurality of chambers formed `therein at spaced intervals therearound, said stator having a plurality of exhaust passages formed therein at spaced intervals therearound and momentarily and periodically communicating with said chambers during the rotation of the rotor, means for admitting and exploding an explosive charge in each of'said chambers in said rotor while said rotor is rot/ating, the walls of said v 'passages andthe walls of said chambers being dlsposed at an angle to each other whereby when said chambers are brought into communication with said passages the reactlonof the exploded gases in escaping will cause the rotation of the rotor.

10: 4An internal combustion yturbine includmg relativelymovable A-parts, one lof whlch 1 s'rotatable, "some of said parts havlng cavitles therein adapted to be momenta-l r1ly and periodically openedv into each other to .form explosion chambers, walls in said chambers bemg obliquely disposed with rein said walls, means for introducing a combustible composition -into said chambers, said means including a tube disposed substantially in the axis of said rotatable part, means for igniting said composition, and means for exhausting the products of combustion 'from said chambers.

1l. An internal combustion' turbine including relatively movable parts, one of which is rotatable', l'some of said` parts having cavities thereinadapted to be momentarily and periodically opened into-each other chambers being obliquely disposed with respect to radial lines extended through. points in said walls, means for introducingcombustible composition in to said chambers, said means including a rotatable' member disposed substantially'in the axisofsaid rota.- table part, means for igniting said composition,' and means for exhausting the products g of combustion from said chambers.

12. An internal combustion turbine including relatively movable parts, one of spect to radial lines extended through points` which is rotatab1e,'some'of said parts having 55 cavities therein adapted to be momentarily and periodically opened vinto each other to form explosion) chambers, walls in said chambers being obliquely disposed with re-` spect to radial lines extended through points in said walls, means for introducing a combustible composition. into said chambers, said means including a rotatable, apertured member disposedv substantially in the axis of said rotatable part and means for rocking said -rotatable member about said axis` means `for igniting said composition, and means for exhausting the products of combustion from said chambers.

18. An internal combustion turbine including relatively movable parts, one of which is rotatable, some of said parts having cavities therein adapted to be momentarily and periodically opened into each other to-form explosion chambers, walls in said chambersbeing obliquely disposed with respect toradial lines extended through points in said'walls, means for introducing a combustiblecomposition into said chambers,

said means including a 1tube, axially dis- 80 posed in the turbine, saidtube having apertures in thel sides thereof adapted to be alined with some of said cavities, means for .imparting a `rocking movement to said tube,

means for varying the amplitude of such rocking movement, .means for ignlting said composition, and means for exhausting the products of combustion from said chambers. 14. An internal combustion turbine which comprises two ixed parts and a rotor mov- 9o able therebetween, said parts and said rotor having 4cavities adapted to co-act to form explosion chambers, means 'for introducing an explosive compositioninto said chambers, said means including'acentral admission 95 tube, an apertured plu'gcarried thereby, the

apertures in which are in communication with the lnterlor of said tube, means for longitudinally' displacing said Iplug and tube,

means for throttling the iiow of fluid through said tube', and means for igniting said composition when in said chambers.

ln testimonywhereof l aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JEAN JACQUESHEILMANN. Witnesses: l I

t HENRY DANBERY,

- MERIAN CRESPIN,

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