US1158978A - Turbine-pump, turbine-blower, and propeller. - Google Patents

Description

A. BUCHI. TURBINE PUMP, TURBINE BLOWER, AND PROPELLE-R.

APPLICATION FILE!) MAR. l, 1909.

* Patented Nov. 2, 1915.

/inesses jww ALFRED BCHI, F WINTERTHUR, SWITZERLAND, lASSIGN'QR OF ONE-FIITH T0- WILHELM H'ONEGGER AND ONE-FIFTH T0 WETZIKON, SWITZERLAND.

HERMANN rioivneena, Born or Y TURBINE-IPUMP, TURBINE-BLOWER, AND PROPELLR.

Lisaas.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 2, 1915.

Application led March 1, 1909. Serial No. 480,721.

To all whom t may concern Be it known fthat I, ALFRED BCHI, a c1t1- I zen of the Republic of Switzerland, residing at lVinterthur, Switzerland, have invented certain new and useful vImprovements in Turbine-Pumps, Turbine-Blowers, and Propellers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanylng drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to air and water pumps.

The main object of the present invention is to improve the construction of such Pumps In water and air pumps the main object is to impart to the fluid moving through the pump a great velocity and to convert this velocity into pressure before the fluid leaves the pump with due consideration of the power expended, so as to make the operation of the device as economic as possible. It is a` well known fact, that the efliciency of apump or blower depends a great deal upon the shape of the bladesfof the wheels and accordingly it--v has already been proposed to curve the outer end of the blades back- The results obtained with these different shaped blades vary within very large limits. The theory and an examination of the parallelogram of velocities showalso the fact, that a considerable decrease of the dynamic pressure head has to take place, for increasing delivery quantity at a constant number of revolutions of the pump when the outer ends of the blades are curved backward relatively to their direction of travel, while undei' the the outer end of the blades is curved 'for ward relatively to their direction of travel.-

From the theoretical point of -view it would be, therefore, advisable to use only wheelsl pipe of thepump or quantity, the etliciency of the pump 'or blower being thus again impaired.

I have now Adiscoveredthat the eiiciency of the pumps or blowers can be very much increased by placing ahead of a wheel with blades having a yforwardly 'bent outer end,

the effect of which is mainly to impart to the Huid a high velocity, a wheel with blades having an outer end which is bent backward relatlvely tothe direction of travel of the wheel, which has the effect to cause a greater volume of Huid to pass through the wheelv with blades havin-g a forward curved endv than would otherwise bethe case'. The final effect of such an arrangement is that the pump has a high dynamic pressure head and at the same time a great sucking power and a great volume of delivery, whereby the latter does not impair the degree of the pressure head at which the delivery takes place.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like parts are similarly designated: Figure l is a view in vertical axial section, and Fig. 2 is a view of the same in vertical cross section on the broken line A-B of Fig. 1, of

a two-wheeled radial or centrifugal type of a rotary pump or blower. Fig. 3 isla view in vertical axial section of a disk provided on opposite sides with vanes. Fig. 4 is a the casing of a radial iow centrifugal pump a -for blower. The rotary part of the pump same conditions a conslderable increase in the dynamic pressure head takes place when;

movable vanes or blades of the series Z2 and g are bent backwardrelatively to the direction of travel of the disks le and Zal, while the outer ends of the vanes or blades of the series a and f are bent forward relatively to the direction of travel of said disks. rlhe casing G is provided with two series of stationary guide-blades Z and h acting as nozzles (Fig. 2), arranged between the two series or rows of movable blades a ZJ and f g, respectively, of the rotary disks lo and 761 and extending around the entire circuit, as shown in Fig. 2. Between the disk and the disk icl a slowly divergent chamber or canal e in form of a diffuser is arranged,-

with liXed guide-vanes or blades el. On the outside of the disk k1 is provided a second diffuser c' with guide-vanes or blades el which is formed, in the present case as a slowly divergent spiral channel z', which is connected .with the pressure pipe, not shown, by the flange il. For the supply of the elastic or non-elastic fluid, a supply pipe, not

shown, is connected to the flange m on the casing G.

rIhe turbine pump, turbine compressor kor blower constructed as hereinbefore described,

operates as follows: Water, gas, or steam isf` admitted through the supply pipe into the first series Z) of blades s having a backwardly bent outer end, as indicated by arrow on Fig.

1. In this series -b of blades, which have a dium are either equal, onthat the potential energy is greater than-the kinetic energy. After escaping the blades .s of the series b the fluid enters into the stationary series Z of guide-blades ZZ, which act as nozzles, the kinetic energy o f the fluid being either preserved or increased by transforming some of the potential energy into kinetic energy; the guide-blades 0Z being so shaped and proportioned that the fluid is guided or expanded as it issuesfrom .the blades d, so that it receives a greater velocity, which will be spent by its impact against the blades s1 (Fig. 2.) of the series a.

In the radial flow, or centrifugal type of pump or` blower illustrated in Figs. 1 2 the ends of the blades s1 atvtheir outer periphery are curved forward i. e. in the direction of rotation indicated by the arrow, as will be seen in Fig. 2. The mechanical work of the series a of vanes or blades s1 is essentially transformed into kinetic energy, and the fluid escapes from the blades s1 and enters the diffuser e at high velocity. In the diffuser-chamber e, whichis provided `with guide-vanes e1, the kinetic energy is gradually transformed into potential energy, owing to the gradual increase of the area of the cross-section of the chamber 'e' and the decrease of the velocity. From the diffuserchamber e the fluid enters into the neXt system or series g and f of movable blades s and s1 respectively mounted on the disk k1, between which'a series hI of fixed blades Z acting as nozzles are arranged around the entire circuit on the casing G. The mode of operation in this second system orv series g, 7' and h. of movable and fixed vanest or blades s, s1 and d respectively is exactly the same as described hereinbefore with regard to the first system b a and Z, the initial pressure being only augmented in proportion of the efficacy of the preceding system of bladings mounted on the disk lc. The fluid escaping from the series f with blades sjl having a forward bent outer end enters the diffuser chamber z' and its kinetic energy or velocity iscross-section area of the channel Z has the eeet to reduce the velocity and increase the pressure of the fluid in accordance with the general recognized theory of the diffusers.

Referring to Fig. 3, the rotary disk is provided on opposite sides with a system of movable blades, as hereinbefore described. This form of pump or compressor is balanced without special piston or other arrangements for the purpose.

Referring to Fig. 4, there are two concentric systems or series b, g and a f of movable blades or vanes having radially directed and forward bent outer ends respectively on opposite sides of the same disk with intermediate stationary series of blades Z and h acting as nozzles and mounted on the casing G. Between the two systems or series of blades b, Z, a and g, zl f is provided a diffuser chamber u with guide vanes, to convert the kinetic energy from the first system b, Z a into velocity and to conduct the fluid then to the second system g, la. f of bladings. The casing G is provided with a chamber r for water cooling purposes.

In the several forms or modifications of the turbine pump, turbine blower or propeller herein shown and described, the principles involved and the mode of operation are essentially the same. In each case the fluid, like water', steam or gas, first enters into a blading system, having an outer end bent backward relatively to the direction of travel of the system, and is supplied from there to a` series of stationary guide-blades acting as nozzles all around the entire circuit in' which the velocity of the fluid is maintained or in which a certain amount of potential energy of the fluid is transformed lill() ELEG intol kinetic energy, which will be spent by its impact in the vanes or blades of the next blading series having blades with a forward bent outer end and in which mechanil cal work is converted into kinetic energy escaping fluid is then transformed before leaving the Apump into potential energy to the best advantage and vwith the greatest economy. It is understood that the different members follow one another in the above named succession as much as possible directly, and that one or several sy'tems may be provided on the same wheel. v

Various changes, other than those specilically mentioned herein, may be made' in the details of construction and in the arrangement of parts of the turbine pump, turbine blower, or compressor and propeller, without materially affecting its operation, and without departing from the principles and intended scope of this invention.

I claim- 1. The combination with a casing and a rotor disk mounted therein, of a series of blades having'their outer ends curved backward and a second series of blades having their outer ends curved forward relativel1 to their direction of travel, both series of blades being meuntedon said rotor disk, and Iguide blades in the casing to which the fluid is delivered from the blades. having backward curved outer nds and from which the fluid is delivered to the blades having forward curved outer ends.

2. The combination with a casing, land rotordisks mounted therein, of a series of blades having their outer ends curved backward, and a second series of blades having their outer ends curved forward relatively 'totheir directionof travel, both yseries of blades being mounted on a rotor disk, and guide blades in the lcasing for each rotor disk, said guide blades receiving the fluid always from the blades having backward lbent outer ends 'and delivering it tothe corresponding blades having forward, bent outer ends on the same rotor disk.

3. The combination with a casing, and a Vrotor disk mounted therein, of a series of blades having their outer ends curved backward relatively' to their direction of travel to impart pressure and velocity to the moving fluid, Land a second series of blades having their outer ends curved forward relatively to theirdirectionfof travel imparting velocity thereto, both series of blades being mounted on said rotor disk, guide blades in the casing between said series of blades to which the fluid is delivered from the blades having their outer ends curved backward in which guide blades the velocity imparted to the moving fluid is substantially unchanged and from which the fluid is delivered to the Vmounted'on said rotor disks; guide blades in the casing for each rotor disk, to which the fluid is delivered from the series of blades having backward curved outer ends in which guide blades the .velocity imparted to the moving fluid is 'substantially unchanged and from which guide blades the iuid is delivered to the corresponding series of blades having forwardly curved l outer ends on the same rotor disk, and a diffuser chamber for each rotor disk to receive said fluid from the corresponding blades having forwardly curved outer ends.

5. The combination with a casing, and a rotor disk mounted therein, of a series of blades` havingtheir ends curved backward relatively to their direction of travel on eachside of the disk near its center, sets of stationary guide blades in the 'casing to -which said series of blades discharge, a

second series-of blades having their outer ends curved forward relatively to their direction of travel on each side of the disk receiving fluid from the guide blades, a diffuser chamber, and diifuserblades therein common to both series of blades having forwardly curved outer ends.

6. The combination with a casing, and rotor disks mounted therein. of a series of blades having their outer ends curved backward relatively to their direction ofl travel on each side of the disks near their centers, sets of stationary guide blades in the casing to which said series of blades discharge, a series of blades having their outer ends curved forward relatively to their direction of travel on each side of the disks receiving luid from the guide blades, a diffuser chamber, and diffuser blades therein common to both series of blades having their outer ends curved forward.

7. The combination with a casing, and rotor disks mounted therein, of a series of blades having their outer ends curved backward relatively to their direction of travel on each side of the disks near their centers to impartl pressure and velocity to the moving fluid, sets of stationaryguide blades in whichithe casing to which said series of blades discharge and in which the velocity imparted to the moving Huid is substantially unchanged, a series of blades having as my invention', l have signed my name in their outer ends cuved forward relatively presence of tvvo subscribing Witnesses. to their direction 0 travel on each side of 1 the disks receiving fluid from the guide ALFRED BUCHL 5 blades and imparting velocity thereto, and 'Witnesses:

a diffuser chamber to receive said fluid. HERMANN GRAF, In testimony that I claim the foregoing JOSEPH SIMON.

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