US1037440A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

D. S. COLE.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.21, 1910. RENEWED JAN. 2, 1912. 1,0$3 7,440..

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.'

Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

D.- S. COLE. TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR.21, 1910. RENEWED JAN. 2, 1912.

Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wi/bneoow A UNITED STATES PATENT o E o I TURBINE.

To all whom it may dancemr- I Be it known that L'Dwioirr Si COLE, a

citizen-:of the United States of America, re

enable others skilled in the art to which it.

appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in turbine engines, and more particularly' to the type of such engines known as radial 15* flow. 7

The objects of my invention are to provide a mechanism for .the purpose which is simple, cheap and easy to construct, durable and efiicient in operation, and in which the flowing elastic fluid exertsn'o axial or end- :wis'e pressure uponth'e rotor or its shaft. 'lheseand other objects of my invention will more fully-appear from the following description. a

I My invention consists essentiall" of the various novel -features of construction, combination, and'arrangementof parts hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, reference being 80' trating a device embodying my invention,

had to .the accompanying drawings illus- Eand the bestmode contemplated by me of applying my invention inpractice.

-..-:An' engine constructed in accordance with my invention, comprises a casing having inlet and outlet pipe connections for conveying the steam or other elastic fluid into and out of its interior; bearings for a shaft; a

shaft in the bearings and passing through the casing; a rotor within the casing secured. to. and carried by the shaft; annular rows'of vanes or buckets upon and secured to ibothside faces of the'rotor disk adjacent its "eriphery; a nozzle or nozzles, fixed to an leading from a steam supply chamber inithe casing, in close proximity to the inner openings or inlets of one of the annular rows of vanes or buckets of the rotor, and adapted to discharge the fluid" into the saidvrow of buckets; a multiplicity, of guide vanes or passages formed'in the inner face of the circumferential Wall of the casing, or in a part secured'therein, exterior to the periphery of the-rotor and adapted toreceivethe fluid, as it flows radially from the buckets on one side of the rotor, and guide it in a curved Specification of Letters Patent. iPatentefl Sept; 3 191 1- Aiaplicatidnfilcd-March.21, 1910, Serial No. 550,629. Itenewed .lanuary '2, emf-agar iv d ssfgiesf f posite face and at the,

path through a turn =2 degrees, or until-it flows inwardly st-antially radial. direction intotlie; another annular SQIIGS of bucketsgon Additional sets of guideva nes, adjacent, the side faces of the rotor and-,attac hed 'tp' or carried by the casing, maybe empl oyed to guide the flowing stream of steam.

additional annular rows of bucketsseeu r'ed to or formed upon the side, faces,offthe extent that may be found mostsatisfactoryd In the preferred embodiment t -my: i11

'rotor to increase the compounding vention, the rotor is constructed ,ofiwollifsks,

of comparatively thin plates, of. me t-al, l,of;

substantially the same dimensions and;foiin;

which are oppositely offset=and-spaced;ap,art near their peripheries and secured-firmlyjto get-her and to a hub-pieceby frive t-s and have annular rows of buckets on tl1e;side

faces thereof attached thereto bynsuitable means. In one alternative construction the rotor is constructed'ofa single disk of compa-ratively heavy plate metal properly 7 formed for having the annular. roivs o buckets secured thereto by insertingthe mounting portion of the buckets i n,closely fitting annular dovetail grooves or chana rels formed in the side faces of the rotor a In another alternative construction the rotor is likewise formed of a singlendiskpf comparatively heavy plate metalof proper form having the annular. rows of buckets secured thereto on its side faces bythrough rivets of proper-form, using buckets having the same form of mounting portion and otherwise like or similar to the buckets em,

ployed with the first mentionedl type kit w rotor construction. The buckets of the rotor in mydnvent-io'n are designed to be madeof suitableshccfi metal formed and trimmed tov shape; for

mounting by the action of suitabledieafand the sh ape of the several parts of the buckets is such that portions of each bucketofa 'rpw accurately 'fit and securely interlock w1t h adjacent portions oftheirnmediatelypfeceding and immediately following buckets,

of the same row, so as to vform practically tight side Walls to the buckets to preyent steam loss therethro'ugh and also to rig' d ly support the buckets in position againstd splacement by the centrifugal stressegproduced by high rotational velocities.

embodiment of my invention that the guide passages exterior to theperiphery of the motor be formed by; milling into the solid metal of the. inner face of a hoop, ring, or segment of suitable-metal properly mounted in the casing. The preferred construction also embodies forming and mounting the side sets of guide vanes'iii substantially'the same m'am cr as that employed in forming and mounting the buckets of the rotor.

, I Referring now'tothedrawings: Figure lf a partial central longitudinal section of 17a tuii ise-a section on the' line )l he engine embodying" my. invention; 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a section pn the line of F ig. 1; Fi 4 a detail in section on the line 4-4: of i 3; Figs. 5, 6, and '2' enlarged views of a bucketf the rotor in different positions; Fig. 8 an inner face-view of-a portion of the return; guide vanesa-ud passages secured to the 'casingfopposite the peripheryof the rotor; Fig-9 acen'tr'al vertical section on the line 9- -9 of Fig.8;- Fig. a partial central longitudinal section of a two-stage turbine eng ne embodying my invention;

Fig.'- 11 a section on the -line 11-11 of Fig. 10 ;:.Fig. 12 a section on the line 12-12 of bucket similar-to that; shown by Figs," 5,6,

7 and -7, but having different; means ofsecuringit to the rotor disk; Fig. 15 a ,section on the, line 151-15 of'Fig. 13; and, Fig. 16

a partial section of :arotor disk and its buckets showing a modified means for attaching tho buckets thereto. Y

Like numbers refer to like parts in all of the figures. H a

1 is the main casing of the turbine; 2 is the supply pipe forthe steam or other elastic fluid; 3 is the pipe for the escape of the exhaust or waste steam; 4 and 4 are the bearings for themain shaft 5; 6 is the rotor disk; 7 is the hubby which the rotor disk 6 is mounted uponand secured to the shaft; 8 is a stop or collar on the shaft 5; 9 is a thread on the shaft Jwhich engages "the thread in the hub of the rotor disk 7 and 1 thus firmly secures the rotor upon the shaft;

10 is a heavy washer or flange which aids in more firmly securing the disk of the rotor to its hub: 11 are the rivets which secure the rotor disk to the flange of its hub and to the flange or plate washer; 12, 13, and 14 are annular rows of buckets mounted on the side faces of the rotor disk 6; 15 are the rivets which respectively secure the buckets 12, 13, and 14 to the rotor disk and the guide vanes 23 tothe segment 24:; 16 is the annular offset infthe plates, of therotor disk 6; 17 is a part to which the steam supply pipe 2 is connected, containing a steam chamber and secured to the casing 1 by the screws 18; 19 isv a nozzle discharging from the chamber part 17 toward the inlet open-.

It is also in accordance with the preferred place, being'provided with azconicallh to receive the countersunk head fcf;

ing of the row of buckets 12 of the'i-ot'or;

as'shown; 28 is the impulse receii'ir bervof the bucket; 29 isthc outer ing member of the buckehproject positely to the securing member 2? ant" the opposite side of the impulse -rctkiving member 28.

' In the two stage modification shown in Figs". 10 to 15 inclusive, IlSQiLlQCflSi llg; 2 the supply pipe; 3 the exhaasrpiiaeg i the bearings; 5 the shaft; 6a rotor; 7 a hub for the rotor; 8.21 stop collar; 9 a screw thread; 10 a washer on thei-hub; 11 rivets;

12, 13, and 14 buckets secured to therotor; 15 rivets to secure-the buckets to ,;tl e roto r and guide vanes '23 to theirsupport 2-1; all substantially as heretofore described in the single stage form of in device; 3* 30 is a partition or iap-hra'gm which 'dirides the interior of the casin jintogtw'o chambers; 17 is an annular distribution chamber which conducts the steam from the supply pipe to an annular series of nozzles 19" of the first or high pressure sta e; 31 is the chamber in which the rotor and the other parts of the high pressure or first stage mechanism are located; 32 is the disk of thefirst stage rotor; 33 is a hub which'secures the rotordisk 32 to the shaft on which it is mounted; 34 is a nut engaging a thread 35 on the shaft 5 to fix the rotorhubon the shaft; 36, 37, and 38 are annular rows of its buckets secured to the side'faces of thefro tor disk 32; '21" is a continuous annular series of reverse guide vanes, formed in'a ring 20, identical in character and location to the guide vanes 210i Fig. 1; 22 is one of the screws which secures the ring 20 to the casing; 39 is an annular rowof' guide vanes opposite the side of the rotor disk 24 is an annular plate upon which'the-row of guide vanes 39 ismounted, this plate being secured in position in the casing by clamping it between the ring 20 and-the diaphragm 30; 40 is an annular row of nozzles, in the partition or diaphragm 30, which discharge the steam from'the chamber 31 into the annular row of buckets 12 on the-rotor 6 in the second or low pressiire stage of the machine; 43 is a spacing 's leere on the shaft 5 between the hubs of the-two menace rotors; leis a suitable packing, as carbon, in the opening where through the diaphragm 30.

4:1 is the chamber in which the-rotor of the low pressure or sec-or stage mechanism is located, which n inism. also in cludes an 'annular seri s of return guide vanes 21* in a ring and annular guide 'bucket in respect to the fastening vmeans only, in which the members 24 are preferably made narrower than the outer side closing member 28 and are provided with dove-tail edges to enable them to bednserted in series in annular dovetail grooves in the rotor 32, as clearly shown in Fig. 10.

it will he noted that the securing member 27 of each'bucket is convex at the free end to tit closelyagainstthe concave surface of the next adjacent bucket, and that as-each member which are pre 9 bucket is secured in place, that sorta cc of the securing member which forms a side wall of the following. bucket, is fully exposed so that any elevation of the rivet head or other imperfection of its surface may readily be removed before the following bucket is put in place. Also that the side closing member 29 is concave atits free end which fits closely against the convex surface of the of the next adjacentbucket. Thus when the buckets of an annular row are all in place, each passage therethrough is closed onall four sides and smooth.

In operation, the steam or other elastic fluid supplied under pressure tolthe steam chamber 17, or 1?, as may be, and is charged through the nozzles (19, or 19", "ably of the usual expanding type and ti. s discharge thesteam radially and tangentially at a high velocity into the first series of buckets 12, or 36,011 one side or: the rotor. The steam thence flows at high velocity into the return guide vanes 21 andt'rom them radially and tangentially inward into the buckets 13,01 37, on the oppo'site side of the rotor from the nozzles and thence between the side guide vanes 23, or 39, to the inner series of buckets 14:, or 38, on the rotor. Obviously the annular rows buckets on the sides of the rotor and the annular rows of side guide vanesmay be repeated or duplicated on either side ot the rotor, as may be warranted.

" It is also obvious that by the construction shown, single nozzle or a multiplicity of nozzles up to full. peripheral admission may be used, as illustrated by the multiple stage the shaft 5 passes,

construction herein shown. So also the number ot stages may be increased as desired, thus providing a considerable range of powers with a given diameter of rotor and case V The bucket having dovetail fastening means and ports co-acting to secure the same are not claimed herein, but are. re

served for a separate application in accordance with requirement for division.

vVhat I claim is 1. A turbine engine, comprising two disk. -rotors,buckets on opposite sides of each of the said rotors, a case inclosing the rotors and having a partition between the rotors,

a nozzle in the case to admit steam radially to the first rotor, a nozzle in the partition to admitsteam to the second rotor, and return guide vanes opposite the periphery of each rotor to radially return the steam escaping vtrom one side of each rotor to the other side of the same.

2. A turbine engine, comprising a case having-a partition therein dividing the same into two separate compartments, a disk rotor in each compartment, buckets on each side oi each rotor, nozzles in the case and partition, to discharge steam radially outward into the buckets on one side of each rotor and guide vanes opposite the periphcry of each rotor to return steam radially inward to the other side of each rotor.

A turbine engine, comprising a case having a partition dividing the same into separate compartments, a disk rotor in each compartment each having'a single ser of. buckets on one side face and two ntric series of buckets on the other s line spaced apart, a nozzle in the case and a nozzle in the partition each adapted to discharge steam radially outward into the first series of buckets of the respective rotor, guide vanes in the case opposite the periphery of each rotor to return steam to the outer series of buckets on the other side of the respective rotor, and guide vanes between the concentric series of buckets of each rotor.

4. A turbine engine, comprising a disk rotor, asingle series of buckets on one side of the rotor, a nozzleto discharge steam outward through said buckets, return guide vanes opposite the periphery of the rotor, a series of buckets on the opposite side of the'rotor and opposite the first'named series oi-buckets to receive steam from the said guide vanes, a third series of 'buckets on the rotor and. spaced apart from the second series, and guide vanes between the sec- 0nd and third series of buckets. l

5. turbine engine, comprising a disk -rotor,v-a casing 'inclosmg thes'ame, a series oi buckets on one side of the rotor, a nozzle supported-by the case near one side of the rotor and adapted -lischarge steam outward through said buckets, return guide vanes opposite the periphery of the rotor, two concentric series of buckets on the other side of the rotor and spaced apart, a series of guide vanes between the said two series of buckets, and an annular plate supportmg the guide vanes and secured to the case.

6. A turbine engine, comprising a casing,

a diaphragm in the casing,a disk rotor in each compartment oi: the casing, an annular steam chamber in the casing, an annular'series of nozzles in the saidchamber adapted to discharge steam outwardly, a circular series of buckets on the rotor surrounding the chamber and nozzles, a circular series 01" return .guide vanes surrounding the rotor, two concentric series of buckets on the other side of the rotor and spaced apart, acircular plate clamped between the return guide vanes and the diaphragm side vanes on the plate, a circular series of nozzles in the dia hra 'm return guide vanes, buckets on the rotor, side on the other side, a securing member ex tending from one side of said mi dle member and convex at the end to fit the concave side of an adjacent bucket, and an outer member projecting from the other side of the middle member and concave at the end to fit the convex side of an adjacent bucket.

9. turbine bucket, comprising a mid die member concave on one side and convex on the other side, a fastening member projecting from one side of the said middle member and at right angles thereto perforated to receive a rivet and also convex on the end to fit the concave side of an adjacent bucket, and an outer side member having a concave end to fit the convex side of an adjacent bucket.

10. A turbine bucket, comprising a member to receive'the impulse concave on one side and convex on the other side, and a securing member projecting from the convex side of the said member at right angles thereto and perforated to receive a rivet.

11. A turbine engine, comprising two sheet metal disks secured to each other and having their crimes oppositely offsetand spaced. apart, and a circular series of buckets secured to the outer face of the ottset portion of each disk.

'12. A turbine engine, comprising two sheet metal disks secured to each other, a

hub in theaxis of the disks, a flange and a washer on the hub at opposite sides of, the disks, and rivets extending through the flange, the washer, and the disks.

13. A turbine engine, comprising two 7 sheet metal disks secured to each other and having oppositely offset edges spaced apart, a circular series of buckets riveted to each disk, 'a nozzle to discharge steam outward into one series of buckets, and return guide vanes to. direct the steaminward into the other series of buckets.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

DWIGHT s. COLE.

Witnesses GEORGIANA CHAGE, LUTHER V. MOULTON.

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