US1084928A - Centrifugal pump. - Google Patents

Description

0. GoMsTooK.

GENTRIFUGAL PUMP. APPLICATION FILED APR. 19, 1911. RENEWED JUNE 11, 1913.

LUSQQQS., Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

G. GOMSTOGK.

CENTEIFUGAL PUMP.

APPLIGATION FILED APEAQ, 1911, RENEWED JUNE 11, 1913.

19%49928, Patented Jan. 2o, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

TED s'rafrs air union.

ennemie ieomsmoox, or 'arncnwoon .Nnw transEY, Assmann or iONE-HALF CHARLES LEFFLER, or BROOKLYN, ynaar YORK.

GENTRITUGAL PUMP.

Specification of Lett/ersillatent.

Patented dan.. 20, 1914.

p'plcaton letl April 19, 1911, Serial No. 621,969. Renewed June 11, A1913. Serial No. 773,142.

Tol all whom it may concern:

Be it 'known that I, CHESTER CoMsTooK, a citizen .of the United States, residing in Ridgewood, Ain the county of Bergen and State .of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Centrifuga'l Pumps, of which the following is a specilication.

One of the principal objects of my present invention is to furnish a centrifugal pump so constructed and organized vas to supply the discharge of one pump mechanism directly Vto the interior of' a second pump member.

VAnother object of my invention is to furnish a centrifugal pump so organized that the impellers are substantially housed in, thereby-taking better hold of the fluid, doing away with a percentage of slip, and thus increasing the etliciency and adding to the centrifugal force of the fluid contained within the revolving chambers. These impelle'r chambers receive the fluid at a point near their center and by revolving them at a practical rate of speed the fluid entering therein is given a centrifugal impulse and the pressure caused thereby .forces the Huid through ports to be hereinafter described in detail and against fixed directing members. These directing members are in the form of disks having guides or blades placed thereon which cause the fluid to return immediately to the center, resolving the centrifugal force, and the force of the speed of rotation, into one of internally directed velocity. This velocity and its consequent pressure may be then taken to exhaust, or as inithe present instance, into a succeeding likJel impelling unit, there going through a simllar cycle as that above described. From the foregoing it will be seen that in a series of these units each impeller chamber with its directing member forms a complete centrifugal pump unit, and its discharge is directed from the outlet on one'member -of the series directly to the inlet of the succeeding member of the series.

In the drawings accompanying the description, Figure 1 is a sectional view of a pump with two unit impellers, taken on the line 1 1, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a front view on the inlet side of the impeller member with a portion broken away showing the interior thereof. Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 5 5, Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a v1ew of t-he limpeller member looking at the exhaust side.- Fig. 6 is a front view of the stationary 'fluid-directing member showing the Huid-directing guides thereon. Fig. 7 is a sectional view of lthe fluid-directing member taken on the line 7.-7, Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is tite opposite side of the fluid-directing mem- Like `references in -the drawings and speciicatipon refer 'to like parts throughout. The present improvements are illustrated in the accompanying drawings as being embodied in a duplex centrifugal -pump in which the vmechanism is inclosed in a casing and the impellersare keyed on a shaft,usually arranged horizontally. In this form of the improvement, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 for instance, the l frame or casing has the base portion 1, the substantially cylindrical incloslng walls 2, the end pla-te or head 3 at the left hand in Fig. -1, the opposite end plate or head 4 at the right hand end lin Fig. 1. The left hand head 3 is shown formed with a space 5' for receiving the suction pipe 6 and thus supplying the fluid to the annular inlet space at 7, to the first impeller 8. The ilmpellers 8 and 9 are shown .mounted on a shaft 10 which at the left hand is carried in the bearing 11 which may be (as indicatedherein) formed on the head 3 of the pump. Thisleft hand-bearing 11 is shown provided witha stuffing box 12 chiefly for ,preventing the admission of air; this packing box -may be of any usual or 'proper construction, and 1s herein shown as comprising the packing material 13, a gland 14, andthe nut15. The right end of said shaft 10 is shown carried by abearing on :the right hand head 4 of the pump. This right yhand head is shown provided with a chamber space 16, which is tightly closed by the'cover v17, whose outer rim T18 lis shown screwed on to the 5proj ecting wall 19, within which said space is formed,

-as will be clearly understood from Fig. 1.

At this end thereofthe shaft 10 is furnished with some suitable collar or device for taking the end thr-us't, to such an extent.' as may in any particular-instance be desirable in practice. In this instance .I vhave shown the shaft provided with a threaded nut 20 held by a check-nut 21 and bearing against one of the tracks of a ball bearing and the balls being shown controlled by a controller or supporter in a well known manner. The

right hand head is also shown provided with a space 22 into which the water or other fluid is discharged by the second impeller 9, and thence passes out through the discharge pipe 23.

During the operation of the machine, the water is drawn into the first impeller 8 through the annular space 7, where this impeller is tted to run closely against the rim 24 of the head 3, and then-passes outward through the interior space 25 of the impeller, which, it will be noted ris in the nature of a space-inclosing revolving member; the detail construction of which is more fully illustrated in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. The water being received within the space 25, within the impeller`8, is taken up by the radial walls 26 and caused to revolve with the impeller by which means the water or fluid is forced outwardly with a pressure due to the velocity of rotation, with the result that the fluids tend to pass out through the narrow space at 27, Figs. 1 and 4, at which point the extended portion 28 of the impeller runs closely, but freely, around the outer ends of concentrating wings 29 (see Figs. l, 6, and 7), whereby the fluid is caught by the curved .outer ends 30 of said wings 29 and is gradually guided inwardly toward the center of the machine and is finally discharged through the middle annular passage-way 31 into the second impellerv9. The concentrating wings 29 are carried on the middle plate or member 32 and this member being so located as to bring the end faces of the wings close to the right hand surface of the wall 33 of the impeller. The water is thus guided along next to said wall and between the concentrating guides and so is brought to a comparative state of rest as regards rotation as it passes to the next succeeding impeller. This operation, it will be observed, may be repeated any desired number of times by simply providing the pump with a sufficiently extended series of impellers.

For holding the wing plate 32 in proper position the outer edge of this plate is shown engaging between two members 34 and 35 which extend respectively, to'engage one of them with the left hand head and the other of them to the right hand head or a ainst another wing member 32, whenever t is is used.

In the present instance, the impeller members 8 and 9 are shown having only three wing members 26, and 26', hut a did'erent number may be used. I deem it to be desirable in practice to provide an intermediate series of short wing members 3G placed intermediate of the main wing members 2G and 26. VThese members 36 are comparatively short and only bridge the opening 27. These short wing members 3G are for the purpose of aiding the main mem- Losetas bers 26 and 26' in presenting the fluid for the action of the concentrating wings 29.

The impeller 8 receives the fluid at a point near the center, as 7, and the fluid on enter'- ing the interior of the impeller passes outwardly between the impeller wings or walls 26, as indicated by the arrow-line 37 and is then carried sidewiseas indicated at 38, until it reaches the discharge point, as 27, where the discharge takes place toward the axis of the impeller. For this purpose. the impeller is carried sidewise to form the overhanging portion as 28 so that the discharge opening at 27 lies between the inner edge of the wall 32 and the outer edge of the disk or wall 33. This construction causes the flow or discharge to take place toward the axis of the impeller and this inwardly turned flow which is kept within the plane ofthe voverhanging portion 28, is caused without loss of energy and it is so directed from the rotating impeller member.

Heretofore a large proportion of centrif ugal pumps have discharged from the irnpeller radially outward, either/with or without diffusion blades so called, and if the pump was of the multistage type the transmitted fluid was taken from one impeller discharging outwardly tothe centrally located inlet port of the next impeller. The transmitted fluid has, therefore, at the discharge an outward` flow of considerable velocity, next a lateral flow or one parallel with the axis of the pump, and then, an inward flow or one toward the axis of the pump.

In accordance with well known physical laws, the tendency of any moving object is to continue its motion in a direct line unless deflected therefrom by some obstruction or force outside of itself. Heretofore in centrifugal pump construction the flow of water in a direct line is obstructed by the guiding surfaces which are interposed to cause a deflection of flow, and a surface friction is developed similar to that which has always existed between a flowing body of water and the surface which incloses and guides the same, is the negative element which operates to cause the loss of the energy which had been previously imparted to the water'by the impeller. `The more abrupt these changes of direction are the greater will be the loss of energy arising from the change of direction of the flow. The more gradual thev change of direction, the longer must be the passages through which the water must flow, and the greater the surface friction that will inevitably result. A coinparison of the construction of pumps in which the discharge is from the impeller water'was first outward from the impeller,

then lateral, and then inward; t-hese changes taking place after the water has left the impeller in passageways that are relatively long and in which the current of water is thin and the volume small in proportion to the inclosing surfaces, so that the amount of surface friction is proportionally great. The sum total of the energy required to make these changes of direction and to overcome the friction must be taken from the energy held in the water at the moment of discharge from the impeller. And further, little-or no benefit can be secured from the momentum of the water as distinguished from the centrifugal force except at a great increase of surface friction. These are well known facts in centrifugal pump construction, and are in accordance with the well known laws governing the flow of water.

In my present construction the changes of direction which are made necessary whenever centrifugal force is applied in a multistage pump, are all fully accomplished while the water is within the impeller and under conditions which secure the same amount of stored energy in the water at the point of discharge as in the case of the impeller discharging outwardly, provided the peripheral space of the two impellers is the same.

Advantage can also be fully taken of the momentum of the water arising from the space ofrotation which is available at the moment of discharge from the impeller, for theguides are of such a shape and so placed as to make possible an increase of efiiciency by virtue of the momentum of the water as it comes within their guiding influenceat the instant of discharge.

The passageways formed by the guides conduct the waterby the shortest possible course to the inlet port of the next impeller and are of increasing sectional area in the direction of the flow1 and of such. shape that the surfaces present the minimum amount of surface friction in proportion to the Volume ofwater. c

One of the leading features of! my present improvement is the combination with the inwardly directed discharge from the impeller at the point Q7 of a series of guides or concentrators as'29 by whichjhe fluid is received at the line of the discharge 27, upon rearwardly projecting points or blades 30, whose extreme outer ends lie close to the `path of the impeller blades at 27, and con-4 whereby these blades act to take away the fluid from the point 2T and by mea-ns of the momentum of said fluid direct the same in-- wardly toward the point or line 3l. By the above construction it will further be lseen that the' altering or changing of direction of theA fluid in said impeller members at the point 27 'is done entirely within the body of sai'd rotative impeller. l

It will be also noted that the blades '29, are brought closely against the outer surface of the wall 33, so that they form in' combination with the plate 32,' on which said blades are mounted and said wall 33, a series ofclosed channels or passages 37, Fig. 6, whereby the Huid is all l conducted away from the point 37 and is finally all discharged at the inner circle 31, the said passage-way 31' leading into the interior of the next successive impeller of the series of such impellers.

Having thusdescribed my invention, 1 claim:

1. A centrifugal pump so organized as to supply the discharge of the impeller of one unit thereof to the centrally located .inlet pc-rt of the impeller of the next succeeding unit by causing the transmitted fluid while within the impeller to flow toward the axis of the impeller before it passes the point of discharge of the said impeller.

2. A centrifugal pump so organized as to supply the discharge of the impeller of one unit thereof to the impeller of the next succeeding unit by causing the transmitted fluid while within the impeller'to flow toward the axis of the impeller before it passes the point of discharge of the impeller,"and from this point of discharge to, cause a further continuous flow toward the axis of the impeller by fluid directing guides organized to cooperate with the im-v peller for the purpose described.

3. In a centrifugal pump, a series of pump units, each pump unit consisting of an impeller having a centrally located inlet port, a discharge port located near the periphery of the impeller having its point of discharge directed toward the axis of the impeller, and a stationary member having fluid directing guides integral with one side thereof and projecting therefrom, the said unit being so organized that the outer ends of the fluid directing guides are diametrically within the point vof discharge of the impeller and in close proximity thereto, the said disk having a centrally located passageway therethroughto serve as an outlet port for the pump unit.

4. In a centrifugal pump. a plurality of pump units, each pump unit consisting of impeller blades contained within a rotatable housing, said housing having a central inlet port and an outlet port, said outlet port arranged to form an ovcrhanging extension of said housing and having its point of diS- charge directedtoward the aXis/oi' said rotatable housing, and a stationary disk havn ing curved fluid directing guides thereon,

said guides having relatively thin front edges on their outer ends which are diametvrically Within vthe point of discharge of the peller member comprised o a housing having impeller blades therein, said housing' having an inlet and an outlet port and bein recessed on the outlet port side and adapte i to, receive the inlet end of a stationary disk having concentrated or guiding blades thereon.

6. In a centrifugal pump, a stationary fluid-directing member comprised of a' disk having a plurality of directing guides integral thereon and having an annular seat near the outer edge thereof to receive a corresponding extension of its related rotating impeller, vforming with the said impeller a complete impeller unit for the purpose described.

, 7. In a centrifugal pump, a stationary iuiddirecting member comprised of a disk having a plurality of directing guides integral thereon and having an annular seat near the outer edge thereof to receive a corresponding extension of its related rotating impeller, forming with the said impeller a complete impeller-unit for the purpose described, said impeller adapted to discharge, from a point near the outside on one side thereof, toward the center.

8. In a centrifugal pump, a stationary disk having curved directing guides thereon, said guides having relatively thin front edges on their outer ends, whereby they present a minimum cutting edge tothe inrushing discharge. p

9. In a centrifugal pump, an impeller comprised of a rotatable housing having a hub and containing impeller Win dividing said housing into a plurality ot chambers,

a central inlet port leadinr into said chambers and an outlet port torming an overaoeaeee hanging extension With the outer diameter oi' said housing, said outlet port containing a plurality of short impeller blades placed intermediate of said 'impeller Wings 'for the purpose set forth. l

10. In a centrifugal pump, an impeller unit comprised of a rotatable housing havin a hub and containing -impeller Wings dividing said housing into a plurality of chambers, an inlet port into said chambers, a seat on the outlet port side adapted to receive-therein a fluid-directing disk, said seat forming with the outer rim ofsa'id housing at their junctures an overhangingx annular extension, said extension having t erein an annular discharge ort so organized that the fluid is directed toward the center of the stationary disk, said annular discharge port containing short impeller blades placed intermediate of the Said impeller Wings, and a stationaryv fluid-directing disk having on one side thereof curved directing iiuid' guides, said directing fluid-guides being located on said disk to receive the discharge fluid. and direct it toward the central inlet of the succeeding inipeller, for the purpose described.

1 1. In a centrifugal pump, impeller blades contained Within a rotatable housing, said housing containing a central inlet port and an outlet port arranged to form an overhanging extensionof said housing having its point of discharge directed toward the axis of said rotatable housing.

12. In a centrifugal pump, an impeller having a discharge port located near the periphery of the impeller, the said impeller being so organized as to cause the transmitted fluid, While within the impeller to flow toward the axis of the said impeller before it passes the point of discharge vfrom the impeller.

unsern-n ooiusrocir.

lWitnesses FRED. J. Domi, II. D. PENNEY.

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