US1073421A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

B. JOSSE air. CH RISTL1EIIN.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 20, 1913.

Patented Sept. 16,1913.

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3. 10 m P. GHRISTLEIN ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. I I APPLICATION FILED MAY 20, 1912.

1,073,421.' Patented Sept. 913. Hunt's- T2.

UNITED ,s'rarrns -.r ENr" o rroE.

-nmL-aossn, or nnnmir, nun rain. 'en'n srnnin, or cnannor'rnnnune, GERMANY.

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

LOW 3, 521". V I

To all wh'om-c't {nay concern: I Y J 'Be it knoqwg that 'we, Jossn and Farm Cams m, subjects of the German- Emperor,. and residingat Berlin: and Charl'ottenburg, near Berlin, Germany, respectively, Improvements in Elastic-Fluidlurbines', of. which the following is a specification. The-object of the present invention is an elasti'c'fluidj turbine. v Figure l isa diagramof the curve representing the velocity 'coeficient of a jet of steam. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the results obtained by the inclination of the outlet to thegeometrical axis of the guide plates. Figs'.'3;and 3% show the formation of a conduit having a normal section, the

space between the conduit andthe rotor being. coveredby projecting rings of the rotor. Figs. land P are similar views illustrating the covering of the space by projecting rings of the conduit. Figs. .5 and 6'represent the conduits and nozzles with walls-m ,ccding from the normal outlet. i 1

'Experiments' made by the applicants have proven that the velocity coeflicient of a jet of steam dependent on the theoretical velocitydeveloped in a given conduit at a fixed expansion ratio and is represent-- ed by a curve a, Fig. 1, showing a' pronounced maximum.v and declining toward both sides from this maximum. The formof that branch of the curve adjacent to zero is determined first, by the greatest specific gravity and second, by the diffusing action of the conduit, and third,

' by the recoil of condensation and the sound vibrations in the elastic medium at a verees t ion of the axis is the result produced by the customary travel section of the guide plates e. by the inclination of the outlet to section,-

locity exceeding the critical sound velocity. 1

The form of the other. branch of the curve is determined by the deflection of the axis of the outfiowing jet from the geometrical axis of the conduit, and deflections of 50 deand over are possible. This deflec- :the rical axis oft-he guide plates. The

geome V qresults\produced by these experiments are 50 illustrated in'Fig. 2. In .this figure 0 represents the curve of the coeflicient of ve-- locity Of'fi, nozzle having a-predetermined opening rat-io and .the customary beveled 0' is the curve of the velocity coeflicient of the same nozzle but havinga normal section. In order to increase the eflihave invented certain newand useful .faces for the surface friction of th pamering the common 'ing run in Figs. 3 and 3*" or 4 and 4: it may be shaped specification Orr-sum latent. P t nt d S t; 1 ,1913, Application filed my 20, 1912'. serial flo. 698,481.

ciency ofthe turbine" according to the pres ent invention the, deleterious efiect of the .beveledfiectioni of-the conduit or nozzle is] i avoided by thereof. 1 a Figs. .3flandQi-3 ofthe drawings show the formation of a conduit having a normalsed tion instead of an advanced section, the space or jet between the conduits and the rotor being covered by projecting rings of 1 the rotor Figs. 4 and 42 show'a similar consuitably shaping the outlet struct ion, theicovering. ofthe space however, a

being eflected by projecting rings of the conduit, while in fiand lithe conduits and, nozzles are shown with walls receding-l from 1 the normal outlet As shown-in. Figs. 3 to '4? the outlet walls .13- of the guide plates are.

not arrangedin-a common plane parallel tothe plane of the wheel, but are arranged vertically to the geometrical axis of the blades. By using -a high jet velocity (avelocity exceeding the criticalvelocity)v in conjunction'with the low specific gravity of the medium and by dispensing withlarge surela further increase of the. velocity" coefiicient relatively to 1 that coefli'cient' corresponding to the-conduit having the customary beveled section, is. obtained. .When a1 ranging the'outlet of the conduit at right angles to "the geometric axis, it 'is'preferable: in order to avoid censiderable losses of power at'the jets, toarrangea' ring 14 coy; I 'ets and an inner-protect g 15 preventing the auxiliary. jet of steam prgo-duoed by the centrifugal action to produce a disturbance of the working steam jet. .In Figs. 4 to i 'the same result'is ob-- tained by stationary'inn'er' aha-pater protecting rings 14:- and 15 on the conduit. .Finally, it is preferable with axial turbines to make the middle admission diameter of the conduit of about 8 to 10 mm. smaller according to the size of the'jet than that of the rotor for the purpose of obaining a central admission with a minimum height of. the blades, in order. to still further reduce 'the losses of power at the jets. The difierence between, the diameter of admissionof the conduit and that of the rotor is designated in Figs. 3, and 3 or 4: and 4* respectively, at (i Instead'of shaping the conduit as shown asillustratedin Fig. 5. In this figureis' shown'the usual conduit with parallel walls.

are only extended as far as'to the normal outlet 18 and then recede from that point.

The jet e can now freely develop into a parallel, jet at two expansions or into a diverging jet with so called gap expansion.

The surface friction is thereby substantially i reduced as a considerable portion of the surpbrtant during the high ployed where a nozzle face is removed just at the place of the highest velocity of the steam. A correct feeding must continuously be maintained and the so called jet expansion may be considered admissible to a great extent which is very impressure stages of a turbine, at which as it'is known, with the reduction in the efiiciency 'andincrease of the available fall is produced. The back of the blades gradually slanting from the normal outlet to the end of the-conduit may follow a suitable curve 19. The additional expansion of the end outlet cross section de noted with f in Fig. 5 is suitably chosen in such a way that with the greatest available fall a deflection of the-axis of the'jet can thus take place.

Analogous the above vention can be emxith an expansion extension is used as conduits. This is illustrated byway-of example in Fig. 6.. The expansion ratio in the nozzle is calculated for example for the normal ormost frequently employed pressure-ratio ,P

ing. The wall 19 recedes from this point 'a clearance at those portions which extend beyond the end of the nozzle proper and terminating on a plane perpendicularly to the Y direction in which the nozzle is pointing and in close proximity to the entrance portion of the bucket of the-rotor, said nozzles having outlets of rectangular cross-section issuing a single undivided jet in the direc tion of the geometrical axis of thenozzle, substantially as described.

2. In an elastic fluid turbine of the character described in combination with the rotor thereof having buckets, inlet nozzles terminating in a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the nozzle is pointing and in close proximity to the entrance portion of the bucket of said rotor,-and a plurality of inner and outer protecting rings for re ducing clearance losses and the suction ac 'tion, substantially as described.

3. In an elastic fluid turbine of the character described in combination with the ro tpr thereof having buckets, inlet nozzles of rectangular cross-section provided with walls cut back for providing clearance at the portions extending be 0nd the end of the nozzle proper for pro ucing a -non-d1spersing' jet of rectangular cross-section.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

EMIL JOSSE. PAUL GHRISTLEIN.

Witnesses HENRY HASPER, WQLDEMAR HAUrT.

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