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US10620438B2 - Head-borne viewing system comprising crossed optics - Google Patents

Head-borne viewing system comprising crossed optics Download PDF

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Publication number
US10620438B2
US10620438B2 US15/524,231 US201515524231A US10620438B2 US 10620438 B2 US10620438 B2 US 10620438B2 US 201515524231 A US201515524231 A US 201515524231A US 10620438 B2 US10620438 B2 US 10620438B2
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Prior art keywords
optical
display
combiner
relay
viewing system
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US15/524,231
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US20170343818A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Luc Espie
Frédéric Diaz
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Assigned to THALES reassignment THALES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DIAZ, Frédéric, ESPIE, JEAN-LUC
Publication of US20170343818A1 publication Critical patent/US20170343818A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems

Definitions

  • HMD see-through systems HMD being the acronym for “head-mounted display”. They are intended for various applications. By way of example, they may be worn by aircraft pilots or infantrymen.
  • the projected image may include a symbology representative of information on tasks, the mission to be accomplished or the exterior environment and/or even the image given by a video camera.
  • the latter may be a low-light video camera or an infrared video camera or a thermal video camera.
  • the systems are either monocular or binocular depending on whether the user perceives the image with one eye or with both eyes.
  • These systems generally include a small high-resolution display on which the image to be projected is displayed, an optical relay and an optical combiner or “mixer” that ensures both the reflection of the image projected and collimated on the eye of the user and the transmission of the exterior landscape.
  • This mixer is integrated into a screen or visor or a pair of glasses.
  • visor or screen what is meant is a transparent curved element placed in front of the eyes of the user and the first function of which is to protect the eyes of the user while ensuring he has a good visibility of the exterior. This protection is mechanical but may also be optical if the visor includes particular treatments.
  • the terms “screen” and “visor” will be used interchangeably to designate the support of the mixer.
  • the visual field of the viewing system must be large, i.e. comprised between 20 degrees and 40 degrees.
  • the mixer is an optical element with a significant off-axis so as to ensure a good transmission and to leave the fewest possible optical elements in the field of view. Constructing a good-quality optical solution with a substantial off-axis is a first difficulty.
  • a second difficulty with this type of viewing system is that the integration of the mixer into the screen must disrupt as little as possible the vision of the exterior, human vision being naturally large-field.
  • the human field of view reaches 200 degrees in a lateral plane and 125 degrees in a vertical plane.
  • the mixer must therefore introduce the fewest possible visual obstructions and must have a shape that follows as closely as possible the contours of the face. It is also necessary for the system to be compatible with the wearing of with prescription eyeglasses.
  • the weight and bulk of the system must remain small in order to allow it to be easily integrated under the forehead-facing portion of a helmet or to allow it to be placed directly on the face in the form of a pair of goggles, for example ski goggles or protective goggles, or even using a suitable skull cap or headband.
  • a first type of solution consists in placing the entire system laterally, the entire system then being contained in an essentially horizontal plane.
  • the display and the optical relay are located on one of the lateral sides of the head of the user.
  • a second type of solution consists in placing the entire system facing the forehead, the entire system being contained in a substantially vertical plane above the eye of the observer.
  • the optical solutions provided are complex. Their integration into the forehead-facing portion of a helmet is not simple. Moreover, they are essentially monocular solutions and the conversion of these solutions to binocular versions is problematic.
  • the head-borne viewing system does not have these drawbacks. It may be monocular or binocular. It includes what are called crossed optics. By this what is meant, in the case of a binocular system, is that if one optical combiner is placed in front of the right eye of the user, the optical relay and the corresponding display are placed in a forehead-facing position above the left eye of the user and under the optical combiner located on the left-hand side. This arrangement is obtained by judiciously choosing the geometric parameters of the various optical elements, their curvatures and the form of their surfaces. This optical architecture has many advantages both as regards simplicity of construction and as regards bulk, and is easily accommodated under the forehead-facing portion of a helmet.
  • the subject of the invention is a viewing system including a first display and a first optical assembly including a first optical relay and a semi-transparent first optical combiner, the first optical assembly being arranged to form a second image at infinity of a first image displayed by the first display, the viewing system being intended to be worn on the head of a user, the first optical combiner being placed in front of one of the two eyes of said user under the conditions of use, the exit optical pupil of the first assembly being placed level with said eye, the optical axis of the first optical assembly corresponding to the light ray of the central field of view passing through the center of the optical pupil, characterized in that:
  • the first optical combiner is a thin plate having substantially parallel curved faces, each face being defined by a polynomial relationship or a file of points defining a free surface;
  • the inclination of the first optical combiner to the optical axis is substantially equal to 35 degrees
  • the distance separating the exit pupil from the point of intersection between the optical axis and the first optical combiner is about 60 millimeters
  • the optical combiner has an almost zero optical power in transmission in order not to deform direct vision.
  • the inclination of the mean optical axis of the first optical combiner and of the first frontal lens, in a vertical plane and with respect to a straight line joining the centers of the two eyes, is about 25 degrees, so that the first optical relay is located level with the forehead and above the other eye of the user, in crossed position with the first optical combiner.
  • the first optical relay including a first frontal lens, the first surface of said first frontal lens located closest to the mixer is defined by a polynomial relationship or a file of points defining a free-form.
  • the second surface of the first frontal lens is aspherical or is defined by a polynomial relationship or a file of points defining a free-form.
  • the first display being a liquid-crystal display (LCD) or an emissive display or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display
  • the first optical relay only includes, in order from the first optical combiner to the first display: the first frontal lens, a doublet of convergent-divergent lenses with spherical surfaces, and an eccentric biconvex lens with spherical surfaces.
  • the first display being reflective and being a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) display and the system including a light source
  • the first optical relay is telecentric and includes only, in order from the first optical combiner to the first display: the first frontal lens, a doublet of convergent-divergent lenses with spherical surfaces, an eccentric converging meniscus lens with spherical surfaces, a beam-splitter cube able to reflect the light emitted by the light source toward the first display, and an eccentric biconvex lens with spherical surfaces.
  • the beam-splitter cube is a PBS cube, the acronym PBS standing for “polarizing beam-splitter”.
  • the system includes a second display and a second optical assembly including a second optical relay and a semi-transparent second optical combiner, the second display being identical to the first display and the second optical assembly being identical to the first optical assembly, the second display and the second optical assembly being placed symmetrically with respect to the first display and to the first optical assembly, so that the second optical combiner is placed in front of the other eye of the user, the first optical relay being placed above the second optical combiner and the second optical relay being placed above the first optical combiner, the plane of symmetry being the median plane of the head.
  • the “mixers” have a form and orientation that are oriented in a general direction corresponding to the general curvature of the face, and that allow the left and right screens to be extended beyond the “useful” semi-reflective zones and thus a single-piece screen that has a role protecting the face and in particular the eyes to be formed.
  • the screen's continuous generally convex form, the curvature of which corresponds to that of the face makes it possible to preserve direct and unaltered vision through the screen.
  • FIG. 1 shows a front view of a first monocular viewing system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a profile view of the preceding monocular viewing system
  • FIG. 3 shows a front view of the binocular version of the preceding viewing system
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the first monocular viewing system
  • FIG. 5 shows a front view of a second monocular viewing system according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the second monocular viewing system.
  • a viewing system according to the invention is intended to be borne by the head of a user.
  • the mechanical support of the head-borne viewing system may be a helmet, a pair of glasses or any other head-borne support.
  • the viewing system has a monocular version and a binocular version.
  • Each monocular unit includes:
  • optical assembly including a refractive optical relay and a partially transparent, and typically semi-transparent, optical mixer or combiner integrated into a screen, into a helmet visor or into a pair of glasses, and operating by reflection.
  • the optical combiner is a thin plate having curved faces that are substantially parallel to each other, and that creates little or no distortion of the exterior landscape. This combiner has no optical power in transmission.
  • the virtual axis corresponding to the light ray of the central field of view passing through the center of the optical pupil is called the optical axis.
  • a monocular unit operates in the following way.
  • the optical assembly is arranged to form a second image that is collimated or at “optical infinity” of a first image displayed by the display, the exit optical pupil of the optical assembly being placed level with the eye of the observer.
  • the optical pupil is larger than the diameter of the eye's pupil so as to afford a certain amount of user comfort and to make it possible to accommodate for variations in inter-pupillary distance. This image is perceived by the user in superposition on the exterior landscape transmitted by the optical combiner.
  • the optics are what are called crossed optics.
  • crossed optics By this what is meant, in the case of a binocular system, is that if one optical combiner is placed in front of the right eye of the user, the optical relay and the corresponding display are placed in a forehead-facing position above the left eye of the user and under the optical combiner located on the left-hand side.
  • Highly eccentric optical components such as the mixer according to the invention generate very large geometric aberrations if they are simple inclined spherical mirrors.
  • the surface of the optical combiner it is essential for the surface of the optical combiner to be a non-axisymmetric or “free-form” surface, i.e. for the curvature of its surface to be defined by a polynomial relationship or by a file of points, in order to best compensate for eccentricity aberrations.
  • the optical relay must therefore compensate for residual aberrations.
  • the optical relay includes a first frontal lens located as close as possible to the mixer, the first surface of which is also defined by a polynomial relationship.
  • the aberrations of the mixer are corrected “as close as possible” thereto.
  • recourse is also made, to best correct the residual aberrations, to eccentric or tilted spherical lenses.
  • the aberation distortion is not corrected by the optics. This correction is made directly to the image generated by the display, by image processing based on the laws of optical distortion.
  • the generated image contains an inverse distortion that exactly compensates for the distortion of the optical assembly.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 A first placement of a system according to the invention on a helmet H is shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 .
  • the screen or visor of the helmet has not been shown.
  • FIG. 1 shows a front view
  • FIG. 2 a profile view of a monocular system.
  • the display 1 and the optical relay 2 are on the left-hand side of the helmet and the mixer 3 transmits an image to the right eye of the user.
  • the binocular system includes two identical assemblies that are symmetrical to each other with respect to a vertical plane.
  • the second assembly includes a display 1 bis , an optical relay 2 bis and a mixer 3 bis.
  • This first placement operates with an emissive or transmissive display.
  • This display may be passive. It may be a question of a liquid crystal display (LCD). It may also be an active organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • OLED active organic light-emitting diode
  • FIG. 4 A cross-sectional view of the complete optical architecture of a monocular assembly including such a display is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • This example is nonlimiting. It includes a display 1 , an optical relay including four lenses L 1 , L 2 , L 3 and L 4 and a mixer 3 forming a collimated image level with the pupil P.
  • the outlines of the components are shown in bold lines. Thin lines also show three light rays. They represent the mean rays passing through the center of the pupil corresponding to the central field that the optical axis follows and to two extreme fields.
  • this display may be a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) display.
  • LCOS liquid-crystal-on-silicon
  • a beam-splitter cube is introduced into the very interior of the optical relay which ensures both the illumination of the display and the transmission of the light reflected thereby.
  • this cube is a polarizing beam-splitter (PBS) cube.
  • PBS polarizing beam-splitter
  • this cube corresponds to the addition of a thick glass plate having planar and parallel faces.
  • the optical relay must be telecentric so as to ensure a uniform illumination. By telecentric what is meant is a lens the pupil of which in the space of the display is at infinity.
  • FIG. 5 shows a front view of a monocular viewing system with an LCOS display. As may be seen in this figure, constraints on the placement of the beam-splitter cube lead to a more complex and clearly more bulky optical solution.
  • FIG. 6 A cross-sectional view of the complete optical architecture of a monocular assembly including such an LCOS display is shown in FIG. 6 . It includes a display 1 , an optical relay including five lenses L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 and a beam-splitter cube and a mixer 3 forming a collimated image level with the pupil P.
  • an optical relay including five lenses L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 and a beam-splitter cube and a mixer 3 forming a collimated image level with the pupil P.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
US15/524,231 2014-11-06 2015-11-03 Head-borne viewing system comprising crossed optics Active US10620438B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1402510A FR3028325B1 (fr) 2014-11-06 2014-11-06 Systeme de visualisation de tete a optiques croisees
FR1402510 2014-11-06
PCT/EP2015/075624 WO2016071352A1 (fr) 2014-11-06 2015-11-03 Système de visualisation de tête à optiques croisées

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20170343818A1 US20170343818A1 (en) 2017-11-30
US10620438B2 true US10620438B2 (en) 2020-04-14

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Country Link
US (1) US10620438B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3215884B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6697455B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN107111138A (fr)
AU (1) AU2015341881B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2966785C (fr)
DK (1) DK3215884T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2703190T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR3028325B1 (fr)
IL (1) IL252095A0 (fr)
PT (1) PT3215884T (fr)
SG (2) SG10201903364TA (fr)
TR (1) TR201820058T4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016071352A1 (fr)

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US20170371159A1 (en) * 2016-06-28 2017-12-28 Oculus Vr, Llc Lens Assembly with Multiple Lenses for Relaying Images
US10545342B2 (en) * 2017-02-21 2020-01-28 Google Llc Freeform head mounted display
US10602033B2 (en) * 2017-05-02 2020-03-24 Varjo Technologies Oy Display apparatus and method using image renderers and optical combiners
CN110998412A (zh) * 2017-05-18 2020-04-10 代表亚利桑那大学的亚利桑那校董会 多层高动态范围头戴式显示器
KR20200004419A (ko) * 2017-09-29 2020-01-13 구글 엘엘씨 머리 착용 증강 현실 디스플레이
JP7215220B2 (ja) 2018-07-31 2023-01-31 ソニーグループ株式会社 表示装置
WO2020026749A1 (fr) * 2018-07-31 2020-02-06 ソニー株式会社 Dispositif d'affichage
US12422674B2 (en) 2019-06-20 2025-09-23 Firefly Dimension Inc. Head mounted augmented reality system, apparatus and device with freeform surfaced optical combiner
CN112558292A (zh) * 2020-10-09 2021-03-26 天津大学 可切换虚拟和现实成像的小型光学系统
US12117611B2 (en) 2021-10-20 2024-10-15 Google Llc System and method of augmenting a head mounted display for vision correction background
JP2025520712A (ja) * 2022-06-24 2025-07-03 ビ－エイイ－ システムズ パブリック リミテッド カンパニ－ 光学デバイスおよび方法
EP4296754A1 (fr) * 2022-06-24 2023-12-27 BAE SYSTEMS plc Dispositif optique et procédé
FR3143776A1 (fr) 2022-12-20 2024-06-21 Thales Procédé de gestion d’un afficheur tête-haute, produit programme d’ordinateur associé et afficheur tête-haute associé

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WO1991004508A2 (fr) 1989-09-14 1991-04-04 General Electric Company Affichage monte sur un casque
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WO1994011773A1 (fr) 1992-11-10 1994-05-26 Honeywell Inc. Dispositif d'affichage monte sur casque, a visiere a projection croisee
US5341242A (en) 1991-09-05 1994-08-23 Elbit Ltd. Helmet mounted display
JPH08262366A (ja) 1995-01-10 1996-10-11 He Holdings Inc Dba Hughes Electron モジュール化されたヘルメット取付けディスプレイ
JPH0965247A (ja) 1995-08-22 1997-03-07 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 映像表示装置
US5684634A (en) * 1993-03-11 1997-11-04 Pilkington P.E. Limited Head-up displays
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WO2009136393A1 (fr) 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Elbit Systems Ltd. Système d'affichage à grand angle monté sur un casque
WO2010089495A2 (fr) 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 Laster Dispositif portable d'affichage tête haute et de réalité augmentée.
CN101915992A (zh) 2010-07-23 2010-12-15 浙江大学 一种基于自由曲面护目镜的穿透式头盔显示装置
WO2013036888A2 (fr) 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Day & Night Display Systems, Llc Dispositifs et procédés de vision de nuit

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FR2593932A1 (fr) 1986-02-04 1987-08-07 Thomson Csf Dispositif de visualisation a grand champ et a rendement optique eleve
US5124821A (en) * 1987-03-31 1992-06-23 Thomson Csf Large-field holographic binocular helmet visor
WO1991004508A2 (fr) 1989-09-14 1991-04-04 General Electric Company Affichage monte sur un casque
JPH04501927A (ja) 1989-09-14 1992-04-02 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ ヘルメット装着形表示装置
US5341242A (en) 1991-09-05 1994-08-23 Elbit Ltd. Helmet mounted display
WO1994011773A1 (fr) 1992-11-10 1994-05-26 Honeywell Inc. Dispositif d'affichage monte sur casque, a visiere a projection croisee
US5684634A (en) * 1993-03-11 1997-11-04 Pilkington P.E. Limited Head-up displays
JPH08262366A (ja) 1995-01-10 1996-10-11 He Holdings Inc Dba Hughes Electron モジュール化されたヘルメット取付けディスプレイ
JPH0965247A (ja) 1995-08-22 1997-03-07 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 映像表示装置
US20060119951A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-06-08 Mcguire James P Jr Compact head mounted display devices with tilted/decentered lens element
WO2009136393A1 (fr) 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Elbit Systems Ltd. Système d'affichage à grand angle monté sur un casque
WO2010089495A2 (fr) 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 Laster Dispositif portable d'affichage tête haute et de réalité augmentée.
CN101915992A (zh) 2010-07-23 2010-12-15 浙江大学 一种基于自由曲面护目镜的穿透式头盔显示装置
WO2013036888A2 (fr) 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Day & Night Display Systems, Llc Dispositifs et procédés de vision de nuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170343818A1 (en) 2017-11-30
FR3028325A1 (fr) 2016-05-13
EP3215884B1 (fr) 2018-10-03
AU2015341881B2 (en) 2020-11-26
CA2966785C (fr) 2023-03-28
SG10201903364TA (en) 2019-05-30
AU2015341881A1 (en) 2017-06-22
TR201820058T4 (tr) 2019-01-21
PT3215884T (pt) 2018-12-28
CN107111138A (zh) 2017-08-29
CA2966785A1 (fr) 2016-05-12
SG11201703722QA (en) 2017-06-29
JP6697455B2 (ja) 2020-05-20
IL252095A0 (en) 2017-07-31
ES2703190T3 (es) 2019-03-07
JP2017535814A (ja) 2017-11-30
WO2016071352A1 (fr) 2016-05-12
FR3028325B1 (fr) 2016-12-02
EP3215884A1 (fr) 2017-09-13
DK3215884T3 (en) 2019-01-21

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