US1061675A - Diaphragm and nozzle construction for turbines. - Google Patents

Description

0. JUNGGREN.

DIAPHRAGM AND NOZZLE CONSTRUCTION FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED DE U.18, 1911.

1,061,675.. PatentedMay 13, 1913.

Witnesses: Ink/enter":

His .s lttorneg A Oscc Jun2 FEW, by

' .Qos'canumneefinmbr scH-ENEcr AnY -imw roux, ASSIGNOR-YTQ GENERAL ELECTRIC a I v COMPANIHA CORPORATION onnnw YORK. v

[To all wit 0m it may; concern;

Be it kno'wn' that I, OSCAR Jonson nit, a

citizen ofthe. United; States, residing at schenectady," county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented; certain new and useful Improvements in Diaphragm and Nozzle Constructions for Elastic-Eluid Turbines,'of'which the following'isa spec-i '"inplace',

' 1 indicatesthe main shaft of the turbine andmounted. thereon is a wheel 2. In the present instance this wheel comprises two fication.

At thepresent time diaphragms'jfor mbinesof the multi-stage impulse type are --commonly made of aysingle onan axially dividedformed'neartl1 e:

are: formed'f between sheet-steel partitions that are cast-jointed" to the body of the diaphragm.-- Thisconstructiom while satiscasting I having nozzle passages eriphe'ry'; {These passages factory to". direct ori handIe-th'e'steam, -is

' open to *certain structural disadvantages or of'thisikindiis necessarily expensive and if by 'reason of poor work in the'fo-undry the obj ections'i Inf the first place, a construction diaphragmgwhen completed has one or more loose nozzle plates or partitions, it becomes -'necessarycgto'scrap the whole diaphragm, 'Fur.ther, 1fat any time it becomes necessary or desirable to change thenozzles in any given-intermediate stage or stages, ,it is 'necessaryit'o' take down the whole machine -ficiencies;in,existing structures and to pro- 7 provedconstruction in which the nozzles in order to installa new diaphragm with My invention, therefore, has for its objecttoovercome thev short-comings or d-e= vide a nozzle containing diaphragm of imare made up in units or groups and detachably secured to" the diaphragm by suitable 1 means. By suitably dividing the turbine 40.

tioning the diaphragm within the. casing casingin axial planes and properly posi- I so that the groups ofnozzlesregister with vthe casing segments, said groupsof nozzles can be'reinoved and others substituted by I as removing onecasing segment at a time and this-without disturbing the machine as a whole.- In addition, the buckets on the wheel adjacent the nozzles are rendered accessible which was not possible with the old construction:

'--M'y invention is especially adapted for very large vertical shaft machines where the parts of necessity must be verymassive as it has its greatest utility in this conbiArHR e A1\TID Noz zLn coN's'rRocTIoN; FoR TURBINES.

Specification of-Letters Patent. P f td May 13, 19 13, Application filed December 18,1911 Serial No. 666,549. i

this application.

illustrates one of the invention, F1gure11s across-sectional View ofa vertical shaft turbine looking upward,

the means employed to secure the-nozzles wanes or buckets 3, against which the steam from-the nozzlesimpinges. Between each of buckets. Theseguide buckets are car ried by the wheel casing.

united by heavy radially extending ribs 8 of sufficient strength to withstand the strains on the diaphragm. The outer ring side of the casing 10, and hencethe weight of the diaphragm and the pressure to which ribs 8. The under side of the diaphragm is provided with an annulargroovellto shouldered securing ring 15 The ring 15 is sec'ured'to the outer portion 7 of the diaphragm by vertically extendingbolts 16.- The ring rests on thecaSingshOuIder 9 and the arrangement is such that the bolts 16 cannot work loose and drop into the interior of the casing because their heads will strike the shoulder 9.

' The nozzle proper comprises inner and outer annularinembers between which are located the partitions 17, the latter being cast-jointed to said members. This arsible to make a nozzle out of any desired material best suited for the purpose, while nection but it is not necessarily limited'to two rows-of .wlieel'buckets' is-located a row of intermediate guide vanes or buckets 4 which receive steam from one set of wheel buckets, and afterchanging its direction, discharge the same 'againstthe adjacent row] receive an internal annular shoulder 12 formed on the nozzle 13. The nozzle is also provided with an annular peripheral shoul-' der 14 thatengages and is supported by the rangement has theaidvantage that itis pos-' the diaphragm can be made out of steel or 'In 1 the accompanying drawing which" embodiments of my parallel disks each of which carries a row of- The diaphragm'fi is provided Ywith a thickenedperipheral portion 6 and a' sup-' porting outer portion 7,- thej two being I 7 is supported :by theshou'lder 9 on the in- I it is subjected must be sustained by the 60 and Flg. 2 1s a partial axial-section showing.

, other metal. The upper surface of the nozphragm and the ring at the shoulders 11. and 14- so 'asto reduce the necessaryamount of machine work.

flg as though the nozzle was made in.a single 10 piece; I will now describe how the parts are arranged'so that the nozzles can be re moved and replaced without taking down the whole machine: To this end the casing 10 is divided into segmental sections, the

1 5 planes of division being axial. Inthe present instance-the casing-is divided into six segments which are bolted to each other and to the base and top of the machine. The,

' nozzles or nozzle passagesare arranged in '20- groups and the ]01ntS between the ends of the inner and outer annular supporting members a'redocated i'n'axial planes, so that I one ormore of the groups such as 18, can

. .be removed by moving it outwardly fromg5 the machine after the casing segment '19 has been removed. The securing ring l5-is also made in segments, such as for example, 'and the length of each ofthese segments covers the same areas is covered by a cas-'- ingxse'gment and the joints between the parts-pf the ring and between the parts of the casing register. In the present embodimentr-hf the invention, three groups of nozzlesjlfi, are provided for each casing segmerit and hence for each ring segment 20. In order to insure the assembling of the groups ofnozzles in the proper angular po.- sition, pins 21 are provided as shown in dotted lines of Fig. 2. I may provide one .40 of these pins for each group ofnozzles or a less number as desired.

Assuming that the 'machine is assembled and thatit is desired to get ator remove one'or more of the nozzle, groups, a casing segment, such as 19, is unbolted and moved in a radial directionaway from the, turbine.

The bolts 16 are thenunscrewed and aring segment such as 20-removed. This permits .the removal of one or more of the groups 60 such as 18. as is desired. By removing the group of nozzles access is had to the upper row of wheel buckets, and this without disturbing the remainder of the machine or the alineinent. By turning the bucketwheel by hand, the buckets willbe successively brought within the field of observation, and at the same time suflicient space is provided to permit the insertion-of a tool forfworking on the buckets if it be found necessary or desirable.

' The feature of removing the nozzles without dismounting the machine and the feature of getting access to the first row of wheel buckets in each stage is of immense aractica-l advantage,.'especially in stations v a-up overloading the remainder.

represent the best embodiment thereof; but I des1re .to have it understood that'the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and that 'an extra-turbim, 'it isv'ery undesirable to keep a-machineout, of operating condition for any considerable period of time owing I to thefact that an .accident might occur My invention has thus far been described which would injure one ormore of the other machines 1n service, thereby dangerously Inaccordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to the invention can .be carried out by other means.

What I'claiinlas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is,

1. A diaphragm fora-a turbine comprising .a body portion and a peripheral portion connected thereto, a detachable nozzle com- I pr sing nner andouter members with partitio-ns' bet-wen forming passages, and a Yclampingringseparate from the nozzle for securing it to; the diaphragm.

2. A. diaphragm for a turbine comprising a cast. metal body portion and a peripheral 5 portion between, which the elastic fluid flows, means connecting said portions, a detachable nozzle located on one side of the diaphragm which is provided with a peripheral shoulder, means for securing the inner o portion of the nozzle to the body of the Iaphragm, means engaging the shoulder for securing the outer portion of the nozzle to the saidperipheral portion of said dia-., phragm, and retaining devices that pass 5 through the last namedmeans into said peripheral portion.v a

3. A diaphragm for aturbine comprising a bodyportion and a peripheral portion separated by an annular space through which steam flows, ribs formed integral wlth both portions for uniting them, a nozzle which registers with said annular space and. receives steam therefrom, an annular shoul- I der carried by -the body of the diaphragm 1 5 for supporting one side of the nozzle, and a detachable shouldered ring carried by said peripheral portion for supporting the other side of said nozzle.

4. A d-iaphra for a turbine comprising body and perip eral portions between which the steam flows, .a nozzle that has surface engagementwith both of said portions, a shoulder between the nozzle and'one of said diaphragm portions a detachable ring that is secured to the other portion of said diaphragm, and a. shoulder between the, ring and the nozzle.

5. In a turbine, the combination of a bucket wheel, a shouldered casing therefor,

25 joints registering with the casingjoints, and I,

lneans' for securing the nozzle to the (ha-- a diaphragm, ano'zz le for disehargingsteain against the buckets, and a; ring whic'his 10- eated between the. diaphragmand the shou lder onthe easlng'a'nd' transmits the thrust on the diaphragm to said, 'shoulder and:

which alsoe'ngages andholds said nozzle in .6.111 a turbine, the combination 5 bucket Wheel, easing therefor, "a dialportions that are separated 'by a steam "space,

phr'agm comprising" body and peripheral ribs connecting said portions, a-n0zzle' l,o-.

(said .spaoe,'and a. ring that" isdocated be}, tween the said peripheral portion and 'the eated iniine withand receiving steam from sheuider on the casing: and fornisfith sole means for t1'ansmitt1ng.,-the .strag s OIi thQ diaphragm as a whole to said shonlder, said rin also s'erving-to engage and hold the peripheral portion of the nozzle.

17; In. a turbine, the comb' -atlonfof a. bueket wheel, a casing therefor that'isj'd'n vvided axially-into segments,n no'zz1ethat-is carried by the diaphragm,- and is divided axially int-o segments, certain ofthenoazie phragin that is also divided axially into segmerits, the jointsin said means" registering with certain of those between the casing segments so that a portion of said means can be removed, through he opening caused by the removal of a casing segment.

8-. In" a turbine, the comblnatlon *ofa bucket Wheel, a casing therefor that is' 'di vided axially into segments, 'a noz'z1e that is carried by the'diaphragm and is divided axially'into segments, certain of the nozzle jointsxregistering, with the basin joints, "a' shoulder formed between the 'n ozz e and-the diaphragm to supportthe inner edge of the nozzle, a segmental ring for supporting the outer edge of the nozzle, t he jomtsin said 1 ing segments, and a shoulder between said .'ring andthe nozzle.

- 9.111 a n'bine,

i'n-g therefor Which "is divided axially into segments, a, noz'z1e that is also divided into segments'a portion of whose joi'nts register the-thrusts from the diaphragm toihe cas withithose of: the casing,

bueket wheel, an internally. shouldered casingiherefor which dividedaxi'ally into segments, anozzle that. is also divided into segments a'po'rti'on of Whose joints register with those'of the casing, a segmental detachabie ring for securing the noz'zle'vvhich rests jfrenithediaphragm to the easing,v certain securing the .ring' to the "diaphragm which are exposedwhen a: casing segment" is removed;

Witn es'ses: v BENJAMIN B. HULL,

"HELEN- 0K1RD.-

Copies; of this" We a he obtained for I hire centseaeh, lay "addressing the lGommi ssioner of-Ta'tents, Washingt0n,D.C-.

registering with those between the ca son thoshoulder andtransmits the thrusts OSCAR Junee'nnn. i

the combination oft ,bucket wheehfl an internally'shouldered easwith thos of" the casing,. ahdfa segmental detachable-V ring, for securing: the nozzle which-rests. on the shoulder and transmits.

ing, certain of the ring joints regisf --ring 10. In a turbine, the combination of a 5 of the ring. joints "registering with those of the easing, and 'axially extending bolts for.

. turbine; theieomhination of

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