US1061670A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

H. T. HBER. STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 3, 1910 1,061,670. Patented May 13, 1913.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR.

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415 ATTORNEY IN FACT.

on'rrnn s'rn'rns PATENT ornion. l

HERBERT T. HERE, on PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, sssreuon, .BY mnsnn ASSIGN MENTS, To THE COLONIAL TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYL VANIA, A CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 13, 1 913.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Hnunnu'r T. Harm, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have made a new and useful Invention in SteanrTurbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbines and has for an object to produce a standard form of turbines, which may be easily and cheaply altered to vary its capacity.

A further object is to produce a turbine so constructed that the separate elements employed in the make-up of the turbinemay be standardized and employedin turbines of varying capacities.

These and other objects I attain in a turbine embodying the features herein de scribed, and illustrated in the drawings accompanying this application and formlng a part thereof;

In the drawings, I have shown a longi tudinal section of a turbine embodying my invention. The turbine illustrated includes an impulse primary stage 3, and a double flow reaction stage comprising separate sections 4 and 5 locatedon each side of the stage 3 and arranged to receive the motive fluid discharged from that stage. This arrangement is, however, merely illustrative and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope ofmy invention.

Referring to the drawings, the casing (S incloses the rotor element of the turbine and supports the bearings 7 for the shaft 8 of the rotor. The Shaft projects through suitably packed glands (not shown) provided in each end ot' the casing and supports the rotating elements of the turbine.

The primary Stage illustrated, consists of two annular rows of rotating blades 8', mounted on a wheel or rotor element 9, and a cooperating fluid delivery nozzle 10 and stationary blades 11. The nozzle 10 is formed in a nozzle block 12, mounted on a supporting segment 13, which is mounted on the casing. The nozzle communicates with a source of fluid supply through an inlet port 14 provided in the casing and a passage 15 provided in the segment 13. The blades 11 are assembled in a comparatively short row and are mounted on an are shaped base piece 16, which is secured to the segment 13, by any suitable'means, at a point opposite to the nozzlell). Any desired number of nozzles 10 may be employed and they may be so arranged as to deliver motive fluid to the blades at diil'erent points around the circiunfcrence of the wheel 9. All of the nozzles may communicate with a single delivery port 14, or separate delivery ports may be provided for each nozzle, oreach set of nozzles.

The motive fluid delivered through the port 14 is expanded by the nozzle 10 so that a portion of its pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy in the form of fluid velocity. The stream of fluid delivered from the nozzle 10 is received by the first row of blades 8, where a portion of its velocity energy is abstracted. The fluid delivered from the first row of blades 8 is received by the stationary blades ll and is re-directed and delivered to the final row of blades 8', where the remainder of the available velocity energy is abstracted. The fluid discharged from the final row of blades 8, and consequently from the primary stage 3, is divided into two streams which low in opposite directions through the sections 4 and 5 of. the low pressure stage.

Each section of the low pressure stage comprises a plurality of alternately arranged stationary and rotating llltlllQS 17.

The stationa y blades are illustrated as be ing secured to base strips 18 and are 1nounted on a ring section 19, which is mounted on the casing 6 by any suitable means, such as bolts, which are not shown. The rotating blades 17oF each section are mounted on a cylindrical drum 20, which is mounted on the turbine shaft ii. The ring section 19 is located concentrically with the drum 20.

Each drum 30 is provided with an elongated hub 2i and the separate rotor elements are so mounted on the shaft ti, that they coiiperate in holding. each other in place against lateral motion. The hub Q1 of the drum 20, forming a part of the section 5, is so located on the sha ft 8 that one end contacts with a collar 22, which may be integrally formed with the shaft. The wheel 5) is located on the shaft in contact with the other end o the hub 90 ot the secsections of the low the turbine shaft.

tion 5; and the hub 20 of the section 4 contacts with the opposite side of the wheel. These elements are then secured in place on the shaft by any suitable means, such for example as a compound ring 23. It will of Course be understood that the 'rotor elements may also be keyed on the shaft 8.

The motive fluid traversing the-separate tionally expanded, and the, velocity energy resulting from the expansion is abstracted by impact and reaction. The fluid discharged from the separate sections is re-' ceived by exhaust passages 24, which are formed Within the casing and are located at each end of the casing. The exhaust passages may. communicate with the atmosphere or with a condenser, as.;desired.

The casing is substantially bi-la'terally symmetrical, and the arrangement of the rotor elements and the Workingpassages of the turbine illustrated is substantially bilaterally symmetrical.

The casing 6 is divided, in accordance with the customary construction, on a horizontal plane, passingthrough the axis of Each ring section 19 is divided in half and the upper half is secured to the upper portion of the casing 6, while the lower half is secured to the lower portion of the casing.

The-turbine illustrated is so constructed that its capacity may be considerably increased Without the necessity of extensive or expensive alterations. The capacity of the primary stage may be increased by merely increasing the number of delivery nozzles 10. since the segment 13 is easily removable from the casing and can be replaced by a segment provided with additional nozzles and having a fiuid delivery passage of increased capacity. Instead of replacing the segment, it may be retained and the nozzle block-12 can be replaced by a block pro- Vided With additional nozzles. This latter method can only be employed when the seg ment'is provided with a fluid delivery passage of such capacity that it is capable of supplying fluid to a number of nozzles. Eitherof the methods described will necessitate an alteration in the arrangement of the stationary blades 11, but this can be accomplished with very little difliculty and with little expense.

The capacity of the low pressure stage may be increased by increasing the lengths of the static-nary and rotating blades 17. I

accomplish this by changing the contour of the inner peripheral faces ofthe ring sections 19 so that the spaces between the rings and the drums 20 will accommodate different lengths of blades. The rings are cast so that their inner peripheral faces may be bored to various diameters to accommodate pressure stage is frac- This is easily accomplished dcnsing turbine.

varying lengths of blades; for example, the rings shown may be bored to a section indicated by the dotted lines 25, and in this manner be prepared for the mounting of stationary blades 17 of increased length. The rings may be bored to intermediate diameters between the dotted lines 25 and the inner peripheral face illustrated so as to accommodate various lengths of blades. The drums 20 are cylindrical and consequently they may be employed for mount ing blades of any size or length. The casing is also so constructed that the rings 19 may be easily removed and other rings fitted in place. With this'arrangem'ent, the turbine illustrated may be altered so as'to greatly increase its capacity, and the increase in capacity [Will be accomplished without decreasing the efficiency of the. turbine an appreciable amount. The capacity of the tar bine can be increased without, in any way, varying the construction or design of the casing 6, the shaft 8 or the rotor elements; and these parts may therefore be standard parts for turbines of various capacities.

The rings are so constructed that they may be standardized for various sizes of turbines and so that the necessary alterations may be made during the'boring operation,- if desired.

I have assembled each working stage or section independently and consequently I am capable of varying the capacity of the turbine by employing diflerent combinations of Working sections or elements. With the arrangement illustrated, the fluid delivered to the stage 3 is preferably expanded to about atmospheric pressure, so that I the lOW pressure sections operate between atmospheric and condenser pressure. The

' turbine may be readily converted into a low pressure turbine by removing the Wheel 9 and the elivery nozzles 10 and by replacing the wheel by a ring or dummy, which will be located on the shaft 8 between .the.

hubs 21 of the drums of the separate sections of the low pressure stage. With this arrangement, low pressure fluid will be delivered to the turbine through the port 14, and will flow in opposite directions through the sections 4 and 5. The area of the port 14 will of necessity have to be increased to provide for the increased volume of motive fiuid.

The stage 3 may be retained and the low pressure sections 4 and 5 removed. Withv this arrangement, the stage may be operated as a non-condensing turbine Without, in any Way, varying the design of the blades or the delivery nozzles. One section of the low pressure stage may be employed with .the initial stage 3 to produce asingle flow con- With such an arrangement, means mustv be employed for balanc mg the low pressure stage. I readily 210- complish this by replacing the section 4 (for example) with a balancing dummy. The balancing dummy may be mounted on the shaft in the ordinary manner and the ring section 19 of the section at may be so constructed that it will cooperate with the peripheral face of thedummy and provide an ordinary form of fluid seal, such for example as an inter-leaving seal. In addition to this the primary stage 3 and one section of the low pressure stage may be removed and replaced by a balancin dummy, such ashas just been described, an produce a single flow low pressure turbine. It will be apparent that these different combinations will produce turbines of widely varying capacities.

Having now described my invention,what

I claim is: a

1. In combination in a turbine, a casing,

a rotor element comprising a cylindrical Copies 0! this patent may be ebtained M drum and capable of being altered to aceommodate blades of various lengths.

2. A turbine comprising a casing provided with an admission and an exhaust port, a, separately formed and removable initial stage comprising impulse blades and coiiperating expansion nozzles, and separately formed low pressure sections communicatiug therewith and capable of being removed trom the turbine casing for the purpose of varying the capacity of the turbine.

In combination in a turbine, a casi ng, a rotor element comprising a eylmdrical blade-carrying drum, a wheel, and a stationary blade-carrying element removably mounted on the casing and surrounding said drum and capable of being altered to accommodate blades of various lengths.

In testlmony whereof, I- have hereunto subscribed my name this 31st day of August, 1910.

HERBERT T. HERR.

Witnesses:

, C. W. MoGunn, J A. GmswoLn.

iive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of mum. Washington, D. G."

blade-carrying.

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