TWM674066U - Heat dissipation structure and ceramic nano coating - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention discloses a heat dissipation structure and a ceramic nanocoating. The heat dissipation structure includes a substrate and a transparent ceramic nanocoating. The transparent ceramic nanocoating is composed of a ceramic particle mixture. The ceramic particle mixture includes a plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles and a plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles. The first ceramic nanoparticles have a first average particle size to form a primary roughening. The second ceramic nanoparticles have a second average particle size smaller than the first average particle size to provide a secondary roughening. The transparent ceramic nanocoating has a single-point downward point bonding structure bonded to the substrate along the normal direction of the substrate. The transparent ceramic nanocoating includes at least one absorption peak in the wavelength range of 3 microns to 15 microns in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and the infrared emissivity is not less than 0.85.

Description

Heat dissipation structure and ceramic nano coating

This invention relates to a coating, and in particular to a heat dissipation structure and a ceramic nanocoating.

In the development of thermal dissipation materials, nanoparticles and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are often used to impart hydrophobic surface properties to the materials. This hydrophobic and easy-to-clean property allows the heat dissipation surface to remain clean, thus enhancing the heat dissipation capability of the thermal dissipation material. However, driven by rising environmental awareness, the EU plans to ban the use of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in consumer products, retaining exemptions only for critical industrial uses.

Furthermore, with the development of technology, the demand for heat dissipation is increasing, and existing heat dissipation materials can no longer meet the needs of related technologies such as artificial intelligence.

Therefore, the author of this invention believes that the above defects can be improved. Therefore, he has conducted in-depth research and applied scientific principles to finally propose a design that is reasonable and effective in improving the above defects.

The present invention provides a heat dissipation structure and a ceramic nano-coating that can effectively improve the defects that may occur in existing heat dissipation materials.

The present invention discloses a heat dissipation structure, characterized in that the heat dissipation structure does not contain any fluorine. The heat dissipation structure includes: a substrate; and a transparent ceramic nanocoating formed on at least one surface of the substrate; the transparent ceramic nanocoating is formed by a ceramic particle mixture, wherein the ceramic particle mixture includes: a plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles disposed and arranged on the surface of the substrate, the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles having a first average particle size, and the first average particle size is between 30 nm and 100 nm; and a plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles at least partially filling the gaps formed between the first ceramic nanoparticles, the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles having a second average particle size smaller than the first average particle size, and the second average particle size is between 1 nm and 20 nm. nm; wherein the transparent ceramic nanocoating has a single-point downward bonding structure bonded to the substrate along the normal direction of the substrate; wherein the transparent ceramic nanocoating includes at least one absorption peak in the wavelength range of 3 microns to 15 microns in a Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and the transparent ceramic nanocoating has an infrared emissivity of not less than 0.85.

The present invention also discloses a transparent ceramic nanocoating, characterized in that the composition of the transparent ceramic nanocoating does not contain any fluorine, and is composed of a ceramic particle mixture, and the ceramic particle mixture includes: a plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles arranged adjacent to each other in a layer, and the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles have a first average particle size between 30 nm and 100 nm; and a plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles at least partially filling the gaps formed between the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles, and the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles have a first average particle size between 1 nm and 20 nm. nm; wherein the transparent ceramic nanocoating includes at least one absorption peak in the wavelength range of 3 microns to 15 microns in a Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and an infrared emissivity of the transparent ceramic nanocoating is not less than 0.85.

In summary, the heat dissipation structure and ceramic nanocoating disclosed in the present inventive embodiments can achieve excellent radiative heat dissipation, strong bonding between the coating and the substrate, and a hydrophobic surface due to the material properties of the transparent ceramic nanocoating, the stacking of multiple first ceramic nanoparticles and multiple second ceramic nanoparticles, and the first ceramic nanoparticles having a first average particle size between 30 nm and 100 nm and the second ceramic nanoparticles having a second average particle size between 1 nm and 20 nm.

To further understand the features and technical content of this work, please refer to the following detailed description and illustrations of this work. However, such description and illustrations are only used to illustrate this work and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this work.

The following is an explanation of the implementation methods of the "ceramic nanomaterials, ceramic nanocoatings, and heat dissipation structures" disclosed in this invention through specific concrete embodiments. Technical personnel in this field can understand the advantages and effects of this invention from the content disclosed in this specification. This invention can be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified and changed based on different viewpoints and applications without deviating from the concept of this invention. In addition, the drawings of this invention are only for simple schematic illustrations and are not depictions based on actual dimensions. Please note in advance. The following implementation methods will further explain the relevant technical content of this invention in detail, but the disclosed content is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention.

It should be understood that while terms such as "first," "second," and "third" may be used herein to describe various components or signals, these components or signals should not be limited by these terms. These terms are primarily used to distinguish one component from another, or one signal from another. Furthermore, the term "or" as used herein may include any one or more combinations of the associated listed items, as appropriate.

[Example 1]

Referring to Figures 1 to 3 , the first embodiment of this invention discloses a heat dissipation structure 100 comprising a substrate 1 and a transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 formed on at least one surface 11 of the substrate 1. The transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 converts absorbed thermal energy into mid- and far-infrared radiation in the 8- to 15-micron wavelength range, rapidly releasing this energy into the atmosphere via thermal radiation. This significantly reduces the thermal load on the surface 11 of the substrate 1.

The transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 is free of fluorine, including perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS-free). Furthermore, as shown in FIG3 , the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 exhibits at least one absorption peak in a Fourier transform infrared spectrum between 3 microns and 15 microns (i.e., approximately between 666 cm ⁻¹ and 3333 cm ⁻¹ ), and an infrared emissivity of not less than 0.85. The water drop angle of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 is between 90 degrees and 120 degrees, and preferably between 97 degrees and 103 degrees.

In this embodiment, the substrate 1 can be at least one of a transparent substrate, a semi-transparent substrate, and an opaque substrate. Preferably, the substrate 1 is a transparent substrate made of materials such as transparent glass or transparent acrylic (e.g., vehicle window glass or architectural glass curtain wall), but the invention is not limited to this. For example, other transparent substrates may also be used.

1 and 2 , the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 is composed of a ceramic particle mixture 21 and a single-bond metal compound, and can be optionally combined with a diamond-carbon compound. In this embodiment, based on the total weight of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 being 100 wt%, the ceramic nanoparticle mixture is between 83 wt% and 90 wt%, the single-bond metal compound is between 5 wt% and 13 wt%, and the diamond-like carbon compound, if added, is between 5 wt% and 13 wt%, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in other embodiments not shown in the present invention, the material content of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 can also be adjusted according to actual needs (for example, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 may also not include the single-bond metal compound or the diamond-like carbon compound).

Specifically, the ceramic particle mixture 21 includes a plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and a plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212. As shown in FIG2 , the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 are disposed and arranged on the surface 11 of the substrate 1, and at least a portion of the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 fills the gaps formed between the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211. It is worth noting that the term "disposed and arranged" herein refers to the first ceramic nanoparticles being arranged on the substrate surface in a single layer or multiple layers, in an ordered or disordered manner, and may be in contact with each other or spaced apart.

Furthermore, the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 have a first average particle size D1 between 30 nm and 100 nm (preferably between 50 nm and 70 nm), forming a primary roughening effect on the surface 11 of the substrate 1. The plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 have a second average particle size D2 between 1 nm and 20 nm (preferably between 1 nm and 10 nm), forming a secondary roughening effect on the surface 11 of the substrate 1. The second average particle size D2 is smaller than the first average particle size D1, and the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 together form a dual-scale roughness structure.

Specifically, the first average particle size D1 is between 5 and 100 times the second average particle size D2 (i.e., D1/D2 = 5-100). The transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, formed by the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 of different particle sizes, can increase the area of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 in contact with air, further enhancing the overall heat dissipation capability of the heat dissipation structure 100.

As shown in Figure 2, the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 at least partially fill the gaps between the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 to a filling height H no greater than the first average particle size D1 of the first ceramic nanoparticles 211, thereby forming the dual-scale roughness structure. The dual-scale roughness structure effectively enhances the surface hydrophobicity of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 through its nanoscale, double-layered structure, allowing liquids or dust to float on the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 (i.e., a lotus effect). This reduces the actual contact area between the liquid or dust and the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, thereby achieving excellent hydrophobicity and easy-to-clean properties.

More specifically, the second ceramic nanoparticles 212 fill the gaps between the first ceramic nanoparticles 211 , but the second ceramic nanoparticles 212 do not completely fill the gaps, thereby forming the dual-scale rough structure with height differences.

In this embodiment, based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the ceramic particle mixture 21, the content of the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 ranges from 15 wt% to 35 wt%, and the content of the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 ranges from 65 wt% to 85 wt%. The ceramic particle mixture 21 utilizes high-purity (4N+) first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and high-purity (4N+) second ceramic nanoparticles 212 to ensure that the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 has excellent transparency and heat dissipation capabilities. The term "high purity (4N+)" refers to ceramic nanoparticles with a purity of 99.99% or higher.

It is worth noting that in some embodiments of the present invention, the first ceramic nanoparticles 211 are at least one of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and zinc oxide (ZnO), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Preferably, the first ceramic nanoparticles 211 are titanium dioxide. The second ceramic nanoparticles 212 are at least one of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and zinc oxide (ZnO), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Preferably, the second ceramic nanoparticles 212 are silicon dioxide.

In this embodiment, the second ceramic nanoparticles 212 are preferably mesoporous silica. Specifically, mesoporous silica is a nanoscale porous structure with a high specific surface area, which increases its contact area with the surrounding environment and promotes thermal energy transfer. Furthermore, while mesoporous silica enhances convection efficiency, it also helps diffuse thermal radiation, thereby improving overall heat dissipation performance.

Next, as shown in Figure 2, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 has a single-point downward bonding structure 211a (i.e., an interlocking structure) bonded to the substrate 1 along the normal direction (Z-axis) of the substrate 1, with an interlocking depth of approximately 1.0 nm to 15 nm. Specifically, during a coating process, the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 undergo a self-crosslinking reaction, forming bonds between the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and the substrate 1, interlocking with the pores of the substrate 1 (as shown in Figure 2), thereby enhancing the interlocking force of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 on the substrate 1. The bonding structure 211a can, for example, undergo a self-crosslinking reaction with moisture in the air under certain conditions through the functional groups on its own molecular chain in the coating formulation, thereby assisting the multiple first ceramic nanoparticles 211 in the ceramic particle mixture 21 to be bonded to the substrate 1 to form a three-dimensional structure. No additional crosslinking agent is required during this process.

The ammonia in the solvent serves as a catalyst and adjusts the pH value of the coating. Furthermore, due to the single-point downward bonding structure between the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and the substrate 1, when the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 is damaged by external forces or bent or broken, burrs are less likely to form on the cross-section of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, and flaking of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 from the substrate is prevented.

In this embodiment, the single-bond metal composite is at least one of aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu), and these metal components are electrically insulating through surface or oxidation treatment, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in other embodiments not shown in this invention, the single-bond metal composite can also be selected from other metals with high conductivity according to actual needs.

Specifically, the single-bond metal compound can enhance the thermal conductivity (increase the thermal conductivity coefficient) of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2. For example, when the surface of the heat dissipation structure 100 contacts a single point heat source and absorbs heat energy, the single-bond metal compound in the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 can quickly diffuse the heat energy throughout the substrate 1. Within the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, the single-bond metal compound is in an electrically insulating state (that is, it does not conduct electricity).

In this embodiment, the DLC composite is selectively added and comprises at least one of mesoporous silica, diamond-like carbon (DLC), silicon (Si), and germanium (Ge), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the DLC composite, the content of the mesoporous silica is between 38 wt% and 50 wt%, the content of the DLC is between 28 wt% and 43 wt%, the content of the silicon is between 11 wt% and 23 wt%, and the content of the germanium is between 2 wt% and 10 wt%.

In this embodiment, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 may optionally include a polymer resin selected from at least one of epoxy, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyurethane (PU), and silicone resin, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in other embodiments of the present invention, the polymer resin may be any polymer suitable for use in the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2. In a preferred embodiment, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 does not include the polymer resin.

[Example 2]

Referring to Figures 3 and 4 , the second embodiment of the present invention discloses a transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, wherein the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 is formed by a ceramic nanomaterial through a processing operation (e.g., a coating operation), and the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 has an excellent heat dissipation effect.

It should be noted that in this embodiment, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 is applied to a substrate 1 (as shown in FIG1 ), a front windshield and rear windshield or window of a car 3 (as shown in FIG4 ), and the front windshield and rear windshield of the car 3 and its body (as shown in FIG5 ) for illustration, but the present invention is not limited to this; for example, in other embodiments not shown in the present invention, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 can also be applied to a sheet metal material.

The transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 is free of fluorine, including perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS-free). Furthermore, as shown in FIG3 , the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 exhibits at least one absorption peak in a Fourier transform infrared spectrum between 3 microns and 15 microns (i.e., approximately between 666 cm ⁻¹ and 3333 cm ⁻¹ ), and an infrared emissivity of not less than 0.85. The water drop angle of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 is between 90 degrees and 120 degrees, and preferably between 97 degrees and 103 degrees.

The transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 is composed of a ceramic particle mixture, a single-bond metal compound, and optionally a diamond-carbon compound. In this embodiment, based on the total weight of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 being 100 wt%, the ceramic nanoparticle mixture is between 83 wt% and 90 wt%, the single-bond metal compound is between 5 wt% and 13 wt%, and the diamond-like carbon compound, if added, is between 5 wt% and 13 wt%, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in other embodiments not shown in the present invention, the material composition of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 can also be adjusted according to actual needs (for example, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 may also not include the single-bond metal compound or the diamond-like carbon compound).

Specifically, the ceramic particle mixture 21 includes a plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and a plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212. As shown in FIG2 , the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 are arranged adjacent to each other in a layer, and at least a portion of the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 fills the gaps formed between the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211.

Furthermore, the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 have a first average particle size D1 between 30 nm and 100 nm, and the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 have a second average particle size D2 between 1 nm and 20 nm. The second average particle size D2 is smaller than the first average particle size D1, and the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 together form a dual-scale roughness structure.

Specifically, the first average particle size D1 is between 5 and 100 times the second average particle size D2 (i.e., D1/D2 = 5-100). The transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, formed by the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 of different particle sizes, can increase the area of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 in contact with air, further enhancing heat dissipation capabilities.

The dual-scale roughness can effectively enhance the surface hydrophobicity of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 through its nanoscale double-layer structure, allowing liquid or dust to float on the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 (i.e., the lotus effect), thereby achieving excellent hydrophobicity and easy-to-clean effects.

In this embodiment, based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the ceramic particle mixture 21, the content of the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 ranges from 15 wt% to 35 wt%, and the content of the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 ranges from 65 wt% to 85 wt%. The ceramic particle mixture 21 utilizes high-purity (4N+) first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and high-purity (4N+) second ceramic nanoparticles 212 to ensure that the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 has excellent heat dissipation capabilities.

It is worth noting that the first ceramic nanoparticles 211 are at least one of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and zinc oxide (ZnO), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Preferably, the first ceramic nanoparticles 211 are titanium dioxide. The second ceramic nanoparticles 212 are at least one of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and zinc oxide (ZnO), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Preferably, the second ceramic nanoparticles 212 are silicon dioxide.

In this embodiment, the second ceramic nanoparticles 212 are preferably mesoporous silica. Specifically, mesoporous silica is a nanoscale porous structure with a high specific surface area, which increases its contact area with the surrounding environment and promotes thermal energy transfer. Furthermore, while mesoporous silica enhances convection efficiency, it also helps diffuse thermal radiation, thereby improving overall heat dissipation performance.

In this embodiment, the single-bond metal composite is at least one of aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu), but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in other embodiments not shown in the present invention, the single-bond metal composite may also be other metals with high conductivity according to actual needs.

Specifically, the single-bond metal compound can enhance the thermal conductivity of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2. For example, when the surface of the heat dissipation structure 100 contacts a single point heat source and absorbs heat, the single-bond metal compound in the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 can quickly diffuse the heat energy throughout the substrate 1. Within the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, the single-bond metal compound is in an electrically insulating state (that is, it does not conduct electricity).

In this embodiment, the DLC composite is selectively added and comprises at least one of mesoporous silica, diamond-like carbon (DLC), silicon (Si), and germanium (Ge), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the DLC composite, the content of the mesoporous silica is between 38 wt% and 50 wt%, the content of the DLC is between 28 wt% and 43 wt%, the content of the silicon is between 11 wt% and 23 wt%, and the content of the germanium is between 2 wt% and 10 wt%.

In this embodiment, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 may optionally include a polymer resin selected from at least one of epoxy, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyurethane (PU), and silicone resin, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in other embodiments of the present invention, the polymer resin may be any polymer suitable for use in the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2. In a preferred embodiment, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 does not include the polymer resin.

[Example 3]

The third embodiment of the present invention discloses a ceramic nanomaterial, which can be applied to a processing operation (e.g., a coating operation) so that the ceramic nanomaterial can be interlocked and coated on a substrate 1 to form a transparent ceramic nanocoating 2.

Specifically, the transparent ceramic nanomaterial comprises a ceramic particle mixture, a solvent, a single-bond metal compound, and optionally a diamond-carbon compound. In this embodiment, based on the total weight of the ceramic nanomaterial being 100 wt%, the ceramic nanoparticle mixture is between 20 wt% and 69 wt%, the solvent is between 20 wt% and 69 wt%, the single-bond metal compound is between 3 wt% and 10 wt%, and the diamond-like carbon compound, if added, is between 3 wt% and 10 wt%, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in other embodiments not shown in the present invention, the composition of the transparent ceramic nanomaterial can also be adjusted according to actual needs (for example, the transparent ceramic nanomaterial can also not include the single-bond metal compound or the diamond-like carbon compound).

Specifically, the ceramic particle mixture 21 includes a plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and a plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212. As shown in FIG2 , the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 have a first average particle size D1 between 30 nm and 100 nm, enabling primary roughening after processing. The plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 have a second average particle size D2 between 1 nm and 20 nm, enabling secondary roughening after processing. The second average particle size D2 is smaller than the first average particle size D1, and the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 can collectively form a dual-scale roughness structure after processing.

Specifically, the first average particle size D1 is between 5 and 100 times the second average particle size D2 (i.e., D1/D2 = 5-100). The transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, formed from the nanoceramic material, has a plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and a plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 of different particle sizes formed on its surface. This increases the area of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 exposed to air, further enhancing heat dissipation capabilities.

In this embodiment, based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the ceramic particle mixture 21, the content of the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles 211 ranges from 15 wt% to 35 wt%, and the content of the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles 212 ranges from 65 wt% to 85 wt%. The ceramic particle mixture 21 utilizes high-purity (4N+) first ceramic nanoparticles 211 and high-purity (4N+) second ceramic nanoparticles 212 to ensure that the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 has excellent heat dissipation capabilities.

It is worth noting that the first ceramic nanoparticles 211 are at least one of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and zinc oxide (ZnO), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Preferably, the first ceramic nanoparticles 211 are titanium dioxide. The second ceramic nanoparticles 212 are at least one of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and zinc oxide (ZnO), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Preferably, the second ceramic nanoparticles 212 are silicon dioxide.

In this embodiment, the second ceramic nanoparticles 212 are preferably mesoporous silica. Specifically, mesoporous silica is a nanoscale porous structure with a high specific surface area, which increases its contact area with the surrounding environment and promotes thermal energy transfer. Furthermore, while mesoporous silica enhances convection efficiency, it also helps to increase the diffusion of thermal radiation, thereby improving overall thermal dissipation performance.

It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the solvent is an aqueous ammonia solution comprising ammonia and water. Based on a total weight of 100 wt%, the solvent is composed of 0.5 wt% to 25 wt% ammonia and 78 wt% to 99.5 wt% water. In other words, the weight ratio of ammonia to water in the solvent ranges from 1:199 to 25:78, but this invention is not limited to this. For example, the ammonia and water contents in the solvent can be adjusted based on actual needs.

Specifically, based on the ammonia and water content in the solvent, the pH of the solvent is adjusted between 10.3 and 12.1 to adjust the pH of the ceramic nanomaterial to between 8 and 9. Furthermore, the ammonia (or amino group, –NH ₂ ) in the solvent reacts with moisture in the air to generate multiple hydroxyl groups (OH ⁻ ). During the processing of the transparent ceramic nanomaterial, these hydroxyl groups (OH ⁻ ) can undergo a self-crosslinking reaction, assisting the bonding of the multiple first ceramic nanoparticles 211 of the ceramic particle mixture 21 to the substrate 1 . Furthermore, ammonia can help initiate room-temperature film formation and condensation reactions, increasing the film formation rate and eliminating the need for baking and curing. Furthermore, the solvent is evaporated and removed after the coating is cured.

In this embodiment, the single-bond metal composite is at least one of aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu), but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in other embodiments not shown in the present invention, the single-bond metal composite may also be other metals with high conductivity according to actual needs.

Specifically, the single-bond metal compound can enhance the thermal conductivity of the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2. For example, when the surface of the heat dissipation structure 100 contacts a single point heat source and absorbs heat, the single-bond metal compound in the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 can quickly diffuse the heat energy throughout the substrate 1. Within the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, the single-bond metal compound is in an insulating state (that is, it does not conduct electricity).

In this embodiment, the DLC composite is selectively added and comprises at least one of mesoporous silica, diamond-like carbon (DLC), silicon (Si), and germanium (Ge), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the DLC composite, the content of the mesoporous silica is between 38 wt% and 50 wt%, the content of the DLC is between 28 wt% and 43 wt%, the content of the silicon is between 11 wt% and 23 wt%, and the content of the germanium is between 2 wt% and 10 wt%.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 may optionally include a polymer resin selected from at least one of epoxy, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyurethane (PU), and silicone resin, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in other embodiments of the present invention, the polymer resin may be any polymer suitable for use in the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2. In a preferred embodiment, the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 does not include the polymer resin.

[Experimental data test]

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. However, the following embodiments are only provided to help understand the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

Test 1: Temperature test in tram control room

Specifically, the transparent ceramic nanomaterial was applied to the outer glass surface of the control room of a rail vehicle (e.g., a subway, train, or light rail system) to form the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2. The rail vehicle was then exposed to sunlight at 37°C in sufficient sunlight. The internal temperature of the control room with and without the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 was compared.

Among them, Example 1 is a control chamber coated with the aforementioned transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 and its internal temperature; Comparative Example 1 is a control chamber not coated with the aforementioned transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 and its internal temperature.

[Table 1 shows the experimental data records of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1] Test time Example 1 Comparative example 1 Temperature difference (℃) Temperature (℃) Average temperature (℃) Temperature (℃) Average temperature (℃) initial 46.3 44.4 52.0 50.1 5.7 44.4 50.2 42.6 48.1 15 minutes later 47.9 46.1 52.5 50.1 4.0 45.9 49.5 44.4 48.4 30 minutes later 47.7 45.3 52 49.2 3.9 43.8 48.3 44.4 47.4

The experimental results above show that the average control room temperature in Example 1 is approximately 4 degrees Celsius lower than that in Comparative Example 1. Furthermore, according to vehicle standards, for every 1°C lower interior temperature, vehicle energy consumption can be reduced by approximately 3%.

Test 2: Car interior temperature test

6 and 7 , after the transparent ceramic nanomaterial was applied to the front windshield of a car to form the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, the temperature difference between the car with the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 applied to the front windshield and the car without the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2 applied to the front windshield was compared when the air conditioning was turned on and when it was not.

Specifically, Figure 6 shows experimental data from Example 2 and Comparative Example 2. The figures record interior temperature measurements for Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, respectively, after the car was driven with the air conditioner on for 1.5 hours, and then left stationary for 1 hour without the air conditioner. The interior temperature was measured every three minutes.

The experimental results above show that the average temperature difference between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, coated with the aforementioned transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, and the car without the aforementioned transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, is 1.8°C, with a maximum temperature difference of 5°C. Furthermore, the average temperature difference between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 when the air conditioning is not turned on is 1.6°C, with a maximum temperature difference of 4°C.

Next, Figure 7 shows experimental data from Example 3 and Comparative Example 3. The figures record interior temperature measurements for Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, respectively, after the vehicle's air conditioning was turned off and stationary for 2.5 hours, and then after the air conditioning was turned on for 2 hours, to test the cooling performance. The interior temperature was measured every three minutes.

The experimental results above show that, compared to cars without the transparent ceramic nanocoating 2, the average temperature difference between Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 was 3.6°C, with the maximum temperature difference reaching 6°C. Furthermore, when the air conditioning was running at rest, the interior temperature of the car in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 dropped from 50°C to 30°C in just 9 minutes for Example 3, while it took 21 minutes for Comparative Example 3, a 133% difference in cooling performance.

[Technical Effects of the Present Inventive Embodiment]

In summary, the heat dissipation structure and ceramic nanocoating disclosed in the present inventive embodiments can achieve excellent hydrophobic properties without the addition of perfluoroalkanes or polyfluoroalkyls (PFAS) by virtue of the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles having a first average particle size between 30 nm and 100 nm and the second ceramic nanoparticles having a second average particle size between 1 nm and 20 nm.

The above-disclosed contents are merely preferred feasible embodiments of this invention and do not limit the patent scope of this invention. Therefore, any equivalent technical changes made using the description and diagrams of this invention are included in the patent scope of this invention.

100: Heat dissipation structure 1: Substrate 11: Surface 2: Transparent ceramic nanocoating 21: Ceramic particle mixture 211: First ceramic nanoparticle 211a: Bonding structure 212: Second ceramic nanoparticle 22: Rough surface 3: Car D1: First average particle size D2: Second average particle size H: Fill height

FIG1 is a schematic three-dimensional diagram of a heat dissipation structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat dissipation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG3 is a Fourier transform infrared spectrum diagram of the heat dissipation structure of Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention applied to the front windshield of a vehicle.

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention applied to a vehicle body.

Figure 6 shows the experimental data records for Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 of this project.

Figure 7 shows the experimental data records of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 of this project.

100: Heat dissipation structure

1:Substrate

2: Transparent ceramic nanocoating

22: Rough surface

Claims (8)

A heat dissipation structure is characterized in that the heat dissipation structure composition does not contain any fluorine, and the heat dissipation structure includes: a substrate; and a transparent ceramic nanocoating formed on at least one surface of the substrate; the transparent ceramic nanocoating is formed by a ceramic particle mixture, wherein the ceramic particle mixture includes: a plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles, arranged and arranged on the surface of the substrate, the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles having a first average particle size, and the first average particle size is between 30 nm and 100 nm; and a plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles, at least partially filling the gaps formed between the first ceramic nanoparticles, the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles having a second average particle size smaller than the first average particle size, and the second average particle size is between 1 nm and 20 nm. nm; wherein the transparent ceramic nanocoating has a single-point downward bonding structure bonded to the substrate along the normal direction of the substrate; wherein the transparent ceramic nanocoating includes at least one absorption peak in the wavelength range of 3 microns to 15 microns in a Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and the transparent ceramic nanocoating has an infrared emissivity of not less than 0.85. The heat dissipation structure of claim 1, wherein the first average particle size is between 5 and 100 times the second average particle size. The heat dissipation structure as described in claim 1, wherein the transparent ceramic nanocoating further contains a single-bond metal compound. The heat dissipation structure of claim 3, wherein, based on the total weight of the transparent ceramic nanocoating being 100 wt%, the ceramic nanoparticle mixture is between 83 wt% and 90 wt%, and the single-bond metal compound is between 5 wt% and 13 wt%. A heat dissipation structure as described in claim 3, wherein the transparent ceramic nanocoating further includes a diamond-like carbon composite, and the diamond-like carbon composite is composed of at least one of mesoporous silica, diamond-like carbon, silicon, and germanium; based on the total weight of the diamond-like carbon composite being 100 wt%, the content of the mesoporous silica is between 38 wt% and 50 wt%, the content of the diamond-like carbon is between 28 wt% and 43 wt%, the content of the silicon is between 11 wt% and 23 wt%, and the content of the germanium is between 2 wt% and 10 wt%. The heat dissipation structure as described in claim 4, wherein the single-bond metal composite is composed of at least one of aluminum and copper. The heat dissipation structure as described in claim 1, wherein the water drop angle of the transparent ceramic nanocoating is between 90 degrees and 120 degrees. A transparent ceramic nanocoating is characterized in that the composition of the transparent ceramic nanocoating does not contain any fluorine and is composed of a ceramic particle mixture, wherein the ceramic particle mixture includes: a plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles arranged adjacent to each other in a layer, the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles having a first average particle size between 30 nm and 100 nm; and a plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles at least partially filling the gaps formed between the plurality of first ceramic nanoparticles, the plurality of second ceramic nanoparticles having a second average particle size between 1 nm and 20 nm. The transparent ceramic nanocoating includes at least one absorption peak in the wavelength range of 3 micrometers to 15 micrometers in a Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and the transparent ceramic nanocoating has an infrared emissivity of not less than 0.85.