M319324 ^ 八、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本案與風力發電設備有關，更詳而言之，係一種能以低風速啟動之内轉 子式風力發電機。 【先前技術】 鑒於七〇年代末期的石油危機，許多歐美國家開始尋求能源出路，最積 '極的是丹麥，自八〇年代初起，丹麥政府即十分熱衷地支持風力發電，所以， 瞻'現在丹麥擁有舉世最傲人的風機工業，甚至取代漁業成為出口第二大宗貨 物。該國風力發電量至2〇00年底達用電量16%，丹麥政府甚至計劃至2〇3〇 年將風電提高至50%。德國則是從一九九一年開始立法，規定風電電價為 最終用戶價格的百分之九十，立法後，風電有風起雲湧的發展，甚至後來居 上。德國至2000年底已裝有九千多台風機，2〇〇〇年單年裝機更達167〇Mw， 相當於半個核四，超過了德國所有傳統發電的總合為全球之冠。 • 就台灣發電業結構觀之，一九九九年有67·3%的電來自火力發電，％•抓 '來自核能’ 5·9%來自水力發電。核能發電的經濟效益-直被許多的先進國 豕執疑’以英國、美國及德國為例，其在電業自由化後，許多核電廠因經濟 效益太低而自動關閉。估且排除經濟效益一事，核能發電所產生的核廢料及 核電廠事故更可能帶給後代子孫無窮的禍害。至於火力發電，則因油料依賴 如，而有國家安全以及經濟自錄的細影響，而其所造成的環境污染問 題\亦不容小覷。水力發電在我國目前雖只佔個位數的使用比例，但對於自 然環境、河川濬流的破壞也應認真評估。 改變台灣發電業結構，風力發電是可行的方案，經學者專家評估，台灣 M319324 為風能潛力優越的地區，若能大量有效的使用此得天獨厚的風力資源，使能 源結構可多元化，減少對單項能源的過份依賴而喪失自主獨立外，更能切合 永續發展的長期策略。 以下我們將風力發電之原理做一簡單的介紹。 風力發電簡單地說是透過風能轉動葉片，將風能轉換為機械能，並利用 發電機將機械能轉換為電能，再利用蓄電池將能量儲存。所以風力發電設備 主要包括了風車以及發電機兩大部份。依風車以及發電機結合之型式，風力 •發電機概可分為内轉子式及外轉子式。 斤月的外轉子式，簡單的說，係轉子在定子外側旋轉的構造。葉輪受風 π動斜轉子躺，使轉子與定子姉而產生電能，經後端整流器整流 -輸出。此-型式之風車以英國Marlec公司製造之馳㈣叩型為代表。 所明的内轉子式，係轉子在定子内部旋轉的構造。葉輪受風帶動内轉子轉 動，使轉子與定子相對運動而產生電能，經後端整流器整流輸出。此一型式 發錢相較，内轉子式風力發電機的風車慣量較小，相對動較為容 易。但是，目前各國所採用1KW以上之風力發電機多採外轉式。 7發電機主錢用風能發電，所以風車是受風主體，因此風車之設1 與風能應用有緊密的關連性土 第圖所不之風車，大致上是以—葉輪㊈ 、為長帶型三葉式，葉輪的面積僅佔風車主體極小的-部份，風1 與葉輪的比例懸殊，風車的 ’ 取鮮之^ 車物㈣積主要由風葉所構成，所以要增加風葉击 _構⑽^ 片長度為主要手段。按照結構力學，長帶型的風! …，口 ^萄定，受風時容易發生料的現象，且受風搖絲情形㈣ M319324 嚴重，造成切風不穩定的情形。除此之外，在上述風車的掃掠面積中，三風 葉之間的空間占了絕大多數的比例，大部份的風會從風葉之間的空間穿過而 沒有作用在風葉上。總的來說，該等型式之風車具有操取風能之能力以及利 用率不佳的問題，所以應設置在風性良好、風期長、平賴速大、風力強勁 且持續的地區，無法達到低風速起動之目標。 風力發電機是否容易被啟動，除了風車結構之外，發電機的轉子慣量以 ' 及頓轉轉矩也是決定因素之一。 L 關於轉子慣量’以>1/4 GW關係式分析〔G為轉子重量(KG)，D為轉 子直控(m)〕’可雜子直徑決定轉子慣量，相同重量的圓柱轉子，轉子直徑 愈小者，轉子慣量愈小’愈容易啟動。所以，内轉子式發電機的轉子直徑小 於外轉式的轉子直徑，因此較容易被啟動。換言之，當風車負載高慣量之轉 子，會使風車不易受風啟動。 關於頓轉轉矩，永磁發電機或電動機的轉子有一種沿著某一特定方向與 疋子對齊的趨勢，由此趨勢會產生一種振遷轉矩，稱為齒槽轉矩或頓轉轉矩 1 (c〇ggingtorgUe)。對永磁電機而言，頓轉轉矩對風車旋轉的始動風速有直 接的影響力，高頓轉轉矩之發電機會有頓點，低速起轉不順，相對的風車的 起動風速必需拉高。 以上之分析，可供吾等知悉要設計一較佳功能的風力發電機必需解決低 風速起動不易、風能利用率不佳等問題。接下來，再對於上述風力發電機之 電壓輸出的問題做進一步的討論。 風力發電機有一獨立於風車後端的發電機設備，該發電機設備大致上係 將發電機以及整流器整合於一機艙中。在組製風力發電機的階段，需先確認 M319324 -後端的f f祕或供電貞齡統所採狀特定電壓(例如12V、24V、3όν、 48V)，然後選定-種可輸出該特定電壓的發電設備。例如，蓄電系統若為 ,沉請，則只能選擇輸出DC24V的發電設備。也就是說，以更換發電設備 •做為應變不同電壓輸出之手段，這使得風力發電機的建置成本變很極高，但 是電壓輸㈣及應祕__定，這樣的高成本設備會使#後端利用 再生能源的費用變得昂貴，不符合經濟效益。 ‘【新型内容】 參 ϋϋι述之”析’ σ等於⑤計本案風力發電機時，對於風葉擷取風能之 能力、風車結構、風能_率、發電機轉子、頓轉轉矩、起動風速、 電壓輸出等方面多有著墨。 -種低風速啟動之内轉子式風力發電機，包括_風車、―發電機、一碳 刷/月％、，且口單7〇以及尾翼;该風車主要包括一葉輪以及組設於該葉輪週 邊的單元葉片；該發電機的轉子與該葉輪連接，接受該葉輪所傳遞之機械能 癱而產生電能；該碳刷滑環組合單元與該發電機的輸電導線連接，將發電機所 .產生的電能輸出；該發電機以及該碳刷滑環組合單元被設置在一機搶内；該 尾翼以一連接桿連接固定於該機餘底部；上述之葉輪是-圓盤結構，其外^ 設-厚度薄於«輪厚度的接合邊緣，該接合邊緣供上述之單元葉片組設； 該單元葉片與該接合邊緣組合之端部対—接合槽，該接合邊緣嵌入該接合 槽中，並以若干固定元件將該單元葉片固定在該接合邊緣；上述之葉輪半徑 以及-單元料長度之總合構成觀車掃掠面積之半徑。該葉輪之直徑至少 占該單元葉片長度之二分之-以上的比例，使其在啟動時，由葉輪的大面積 擋風’並將風導引至各葉片，增加其啟動性能，·另外，在相同的葉片長度時， M319324 大葉輪的設計使得風車的掃掠面積加大，所明加了風能彻率；上述單元 葉片是以其長寬比例構成寬板形狀’且以五至六葉之數量平均間隔地组設^ 該葉輪的接合邊緣；上述發《為内鮮式，並具魏轉子慣量及低頓轉轉 矩之特性a述風力«機採高敎電壓_，紅—後稱換纽調整電 壓。 本案所達成之目的及功效包括： 本案之風力發電機屬於内轉子式風力發電機。 本案風車可增進風能利用率，在低風速的風力環境中起動。 本案之風車具有穩定運轉之增進功效。 本案發電機具有低轉子慣量以及低頓轉轉矩之特性。 本案風力發電機可使後端利用再生能源的費用得以減低。 詳細之目的及功效說明於後詳述。 【實施方式】 以下先對於本案之硬體設御卜⑽，再⑽硬體設備為基礎詳論本案 之特點及功效。 硬體設備 如圖所不，本案風力發電機包括一風車20、一發電機3〇、一碳刷滑環 組合單元40、以及—尾翼5G。風車2G主要包括_葉輪21以及組設於該 輪21上的單元葉片22。該發電機30的轉子31與該葉輪21連接，接受 葉輪21所傳遞之機械能而產生電能。該碳刷滑環組合單元與該發電機 3〇的輸電導、線34連接，將發電機30所產生的電力輸出。該發電機30以及 M319324 該碳刷滑環組合單元40被設置在一機艙32内。兮p羽 4尾翼50以一連接桿51連 接固定於該機艙32底部。該尾翼50受風力之作用 ，使該風車2〇以及上述 的機艙32轉向於玎有效受風的方向。 上述尾翼50之設計，使該機艙32及風車20成為一個受風旋轉的機構， 這使得上述發電_輸電導線34祕纏線的問題，因此利_碳刷滑環組 合單元40來解決。該碳爾環組合單元4〇中的相41與發電油^電 導線34連接’ _ 42嶋在-_ 43外’該機艙32可繞著該固定轴 43旋轉，碳刷41以連接器44與機艙32產生固定的關係，隨著機舱η轉動 的碳刷W與固定的銅環42接觸，而將電能傳輪予铜環42，銅環犯另連接 輸電導線45，該輸電導線45穿人顧定軸43中而向外延伸出機艙^外。 如此，不論機艙32如何的轉動，該輸電祕45料受雖，紐線問題。 本案風車20 ’其葉輪21是-圓盤結構，其外週設—厚度薄於該圓盤厚 度的接合邊緣23，該接合邊緣23供上述之單元葉片a組設。該單元葉片 22與該接合絲23組合之端部财—接合槽24，該接合邊緣2玲入該接 合槽24中，並以若干蚊元件25將該單元韌22 μ在該接合邊緣a。 特點及功效 本案風力發電機屬於内轉子式風力發電機。 如圖所示之本案之風力發電機，可知其係轉子在定子内部旋轉的發電構 造，因此本㈣屬於内轉子式風力發電機。以w/4加關係式分析，可證 轉子直徑歧轉谓量，轉子直彳讀小者，轉子慣錄小，愈㈣啟動。所 以， 内轉子式發電朗轉子餘小於外赋轉子餘，本雜用内轉 M319324 子式發電機具有容易起動之優勢。 本案風車可增進風能利用率，在低風速的風力環境中起動 本案之風車，包括了圓盤狀的葉輪以及結合於該葉輪邊緣的六個單元葉 片。風車掃掠的®面積半徑是葉輪半徑以及—單元葉片長度之總合。由圖式 可知，葉輪半徑與單元葉片長度各自佔有該掃掠圓面積半捏相當之比例，風 車的掃掠面積是由葉輪以及單元葉片所共同構成，風車的受風結構為該單元 ^葉片。擁取風能之多寡與風車受風的面積成正比，本案以大直徑之葉輪增加 該風車的掃掠面積，因此可增進風能利用率。再者，本案風車之單元葉片為 寬板式，每-單元葉片以擴大的面積受風，受風面積增加，使風車之風能利 用率再提昇。而單元葉片是以六葉組合於葉輪週邊，以多葉型態配合寬板面 積’使各單元葉片之間保持-適當的受風距離，該距離保持良好的氣體流動 性，因此可使大部份的風力作用在葉輪與單元葉片上，從空間中穿過耐失 未利用的風能減少，所以增加了風能利用率。在葉輪以及單元葉片相輔相成 .之作用下，本案之風車可大幅提昇風能利用率，所以能實現低風速起轉 之目的。 本案之風車具有穩定運轉之增進功效 1本案以葉輪半徑以及一單元葉片長度之總合構成風車掃掠面積之半 僅’誠如上段所言以及本案之圖面表示，葉輪半徑與單元葉片長度各自佔有 娜掠面積半徑之相#_。換言之，本㈣葉輪相對於整個風車而今，係 為大面積比例之結構，葉輪構成風車的質量中心，使其具有穩定的重心’、 田風車X風轉糾，該葉輪發揮穩定重。之魏，使風車可穩定的轉動，減 11 M319324 -少搖晃的情形’相對的轉動嚼音可大幅降低。而按照結構力學，寬板型單元 葉片可表現較佳的強構強度，受風不易彎曲或搖晃，因此可以穩定的切風。 本案風車具有穩定重心的葉輪以及穩定切風的單元葉片，因此具有穩定運轉 的增進功效。 雖然本案強調大面積的葉輪，但是葉輪質量亦有其考量之必要性，以免 葉輪靜質量過大反而衍生慣量過大起動困難的情形。以相同直徑以及相同單 .元葉片之條件下，分別對重量為2kg、1.3kg以及〇.8kg的葉輪進行低風力起 鲁·動實驗，L3kg的葉輪可以得到一個預期的低起動風速，2kg則必需以大於 預期起動風速之風力才能啟動，較不符合低風速啟動之期待。而〇 8kg的起 動風速反而比1.3kg大，並沒有因為靜質量變小而使起動風速成正比的降 低。所以在此實驗數據中以L3kg的葉輪表現為較佳。 本案發電機具有低轉子慣量以及低頓轉轉矩之特性。 本案採永磁發電機，而永磁風力發電機是否容易被啟動，除了風車結構 φ 之外，發電機的轉子慣量以及頓轉轉矩也是決定因素之一。 關於轉子慣量，以J=1/4GD2關係式分析〔G為轉子重量(KG)，〇為轉 子直徑(m)〕，可證轉子直徑決定轉子慣量，相同重量的圓柱轉子，轉子直徑 愈小者，轉子慣量愈小，愈容易啟動。本案設定發電機之轉子直徑為32mm， 磁鐵採3mm厚度，總長度99mm。依上述轉子慣量式推導，可知本案發電 機具有低轉子慣量之特性，發電機本身容易被起動，而低慣量轉子減輕風車 之負載，使風車更易於受風起動。 關於頓轉轉矩，如先前技術一攔中所述，永磁發電機或電動機的轉子有 C £ 12 M319324 -一種沿著某一特定方向與定子對齊的趨勢，由此趨勢會產生一種振盈轉矩， 稱為齒槽轉矩或頓轉轉矩（cogging torgue)。對永磁電機而言，頓轉轉矩對 風車旋轉的始動風速有直接的影響力，高頓轉轉矩之發電機會有頓點，而產 生低風速起轉不順的問題。以磁力線有對齊趨勢的觀點來看此一 、 -· J V /7\ 方案，整數槽的結構容易產生轉子磁鐵和定子槽齒對齊的情況，即在某一特 疋角度’磁鐵和槽齒的感應產生最大的磁通鍵，造成一穩熊力平衡，因此在 •轉動時會發生頓轉。爰此，降低頓轉的方式之-，係可降低感應磁通鍵的落 差，其手段可採用分數槽的方式，減少磁鐵和槽齒的發生對正的機會，亦可 刻意提高極數與槽數的最小公倍數，例如8極9槽，以36〇度的空間角度除 以磁極數與定子槽數的最小公倍數可得知8極9槽的週期為5度，頓轉的機 械角度小，頓轉情形獲得明顯改善。 本案發電機具低慣量轉子及低頓轉轉矩之特性，可減輕風車之負載，使 風車以及發電機具有容易起動之優勢。 φ 本案屬於輕風起動型的風力發電機 以增進風能利用率之風車配合低轉子慣量、低頓轉轉矩的發電機，使本 案可以在低風速的風力環境下起動。因為英國Marlec公司的频肪州3型 的起動風速在2.5_以下，本案的機型結構優於前者，故預估起動風速約 在2Ws以下，屬輕風起動。而習知低風力發電機的起動風速約在3七&左 右’屬微風起動之風力發電機。由此可說明，本案的起動風速已較習知低風 力起動之風力發電機更低，因此設置風力發電機的地點不再只限於風性良好 的地區，地點選擇的自由度更高。M319324 ^ VIII. New description: [New technical field] This case is related to wind power generation equipment. More specifically, it is an internal rotor type wind turbine that can be started at low wind speed. [Prior Art] In view of the oil crisis in the late 1970s, many European and American countries began to seek energy outlets. The most extreme is Denmark. Since the early 1980s, the Danish government has been keen to support wind power generation. Now Denmark has the world's most proud wind turbine industry, even replacing the fishery as the second largest export. The country's wind power generation reached 16% of electricity consumption by the end of 2000, and the Danish government even plans to increase wind power to 50% by the year 2000. In Germany, legislation began in 1991, stipulating that wind power prices are 90% of the end-user price. After the legislation, wind power has developed and even survived. Germany has installed more than 9,000 wind turbines by the end of 2000. In the next two years, it has installed 167 〇Mw in a single year, which is equivalent to half a nuclear four. It exceeds the total of all traditional power generation in Germany. • Regarding the structure of Taiwan's power generation industry, 67.3% of electricity came from thermal power generation in 1999, and %·% of 'from nuclear energy' came from hydropower. The economic benefits of nuclear power generation - directly criticized by many advanced countries. In the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany, for example, after the liberalization of the electricity industry, many nuclear power plants were automatically shut down due to low economic efficiency. In terms of estimating and excluding economic benefits, nuclear waste and nuclear power plant accidents generated by nuclear power generation are more likely to bring endless disasters to future generations. As for thermal power generation, due to the dependence of oil resources, there are national security and economic self-recording, and the environmental pollution problems caused by it should not be underestimated. Hydropower generation currently accounts for only a single digit in China, but the damage to natural environment and river turbulence should also be carefully evaluated. Wind power generation is a viable solution to change the structure of Taiwan's power generation industry. According to experts' assessment, Taiwan M319324 is an area with superior wind energy potential. If this wind power resource can be used effectively and effectively, the energy structure can be diversified and reduced. Excessive dependence on energy and loss of independence, it is more in line with the long-term strategy of sustainable development. Below we will make a brief introduction to the principle of wind power generation. Wind power simply means turning wind blades through wind energy, converting wind energy into mechanical energy, and using a generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and then using the battery to store energy. Therefore, wind power equipment mainly includes windmills and generators. Wind turbines and generators can be divided into inner rotor type and outer rotor type according to the combination of windmill and generator. The outer rotor type of the month is simply a structure in which the rotor rotates outside the stator. The impeller is subjected to the wind. The π-axis is placed in the rotor, so that the rotor and the stator are twisted to generate electric energy, which is rectified and outputted through the rear end rectifier. This type of windmill is represented by the Chi (four) 制造 type manufactured by Marlec Company of the United Kingdom. The inner rotor type is a structure in which the rotor rotates inside the stator. The impeller is driven by the wind to drive the inner rotor to rotate, so that the rotor and the stator move relative to each other to generate electric energy, which is rectified and outputted through the rear end rectifier. Compared with this type of money, the wind turbine inertia of the inner rotor type wind turbine is small, and the relative movement is relatively easy. However, at present, wind turbines of more than 1KW are used in various countries. 7 The main generator of the generator uses wind energy to generate electricity, so the windmill is the main body of the wind. Therefore, the windmill is set to be closely related to the application of wind energy. The windmill is not the same as the windmill, which is roughly the elbow and the long belt. The type of three-leaf type, the area of the impeller is only a small part of the main body of the windmill, and the ratio of the wind 1 to the impeller is very different. The windmill's 'small material' (four) product is mainly composed of wind blades, so it is necessary to increase the wind blade (10) ^ The length of the film is the main means. According to the structural mechanics, the long-belt type of wind! ..., the mouth is fixed, the phenomenon of material is easy to occur when the wind is received, and the wind is shaken by the wind (4) M319324 is serious, causing the wind to be unstable. In addition, in the swept area of the above windmill, the space between the three blades accounts for the vast majority, and most of the wind passes through the space between the blades without acting on the blades. In general, these types of windmills have the ability to handle wind energy and have poor utilization. Therefore, they should be installed in areas with good wind, long wind, high speed, strong wind and continuous. Achieve the goal of low wind speed start. Whether the wind turbine is easy to start, in addition to the windmill structure, the rotor inertia of the generator is also one of the determining factors. L About the rotor inertia 'with >1/4 GW relational analysis [G is the rotor weight (KG), D is the rotor direct control (m)] 'The diameter of the hybrid can determine the rotor inertia, the same weight of the cylindrical rotor, the rotor diameter The smaller the smaller the inertia of the rotor, the easier it is to start. Therefore, the rotor diameter of the inner rotor type generator is smaller than that of the outer rotor type, and thus it is easier to start. In other words, when the windmill loads a high inertia rotor, the windmill is not easily activated by the wind. Regarding the torque, the rotor of a permanent magnet generator or motor has a tendency to align with the raft in a certain direction, and the trend produces a resilience torque called cogging torque or tumbling Moment 1 (c〇ggingtorgUe). For the permanent magnet motor, the torque of the rotation has a direct influence on the starting wind speed of the windmill rotation. The generator with high torque will have a point, and the low speed will not rotate smoothly. The starting wind speed of the opposite windmill must be raised. The above analysis allows us to know that to design a better function of the wind turbine, it is necessary to solve the problems of low wind speed starting and poor wind energy utilization. Next, the problem of the voltage output of the above wind turbine is further discussed. The wind turbine has a generator device that is independent of the rear end of the windmill, which is generally integrated with a generator and a rectifier in a nacelle. In the stage of setting up the wind turbine, it is necessary to confirm the specific voltage (for example, 12V, 24V, 3όν, 48V) of the M319324 - the back end of the power supply or the power supply age, and then select the type of power that can output the specific voltage. device. For example, if the power storage system is , please sink, you can only choose to output DC24V power generation equipment. That is to say, to replace the power generation equipment • as a means of straining different voltage output, which makes the construction cost of the wind power generator extremely high, but the voltage transmission (four) and the secret __ fixed, such high-cost equipment will # Back-end use of renewable energy costs become expensive and not economically viable. '[New content] ϋϋ ϋϋ ϋϋ 之 ” 析 σ 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于 等于There are many inks in the voltage output, etc. - A low-speed start-in rotor-type wind turbine, including _ windmill, - generator, one carbon brush / month %, and the port single 7 〇 and the tail; the windmill mainly includes An impeller and a unit blade disposed around the periphery of the impeller; the rotor of the generator is connected to the impeller, receives mechanical energy transmitted by the impeller to generate electric energy; the carbon brush slip ring combination unit and the transmission wire of the generator Connecting, outputting electric energy generated by the generator; the generator and the carbon brush slip ring combination unit are disposed in a machine grab; the tail fin is fixed to the bottom of the machine by a connecting rod; the impeller is - a disc structure having a thickness thinner than a joint edge of a thickness of the wheel, the joint edge being provided for the unit blade described above; an end portion of the unit blade combined with the joint edge-joining groove, the joint The edge is embedded in the engaging groove, and the unit blade is fixed to the joint edge by a plurality of fixing elements; the total of the impeller radius and the length of the unit material constitute a radius of the vehicle sweeping area. The diameter of the impeller accounts for at least The ratio of the unit blade length is more than two-way, so that when starting, the wind is shielded from the large area of the impeller and the wind is guided to each blade to increase its starting performance. In addition, at the same blade length, M319324 The design of the large impeller increases the sweeping area of the windmill, and the wind energy rate is increased. The above-mentioned unit blades are formed in a wide plate shape by their length to width ratio and are arranged at an average interval of five to six leaves. The joint edge of the impeller; the above-mentioned hair is "inside the fresh type, and has the characteristics of Wei rotor inertia and low torque, a description of the wind «machine sorghum voltage _, red - then called the new button adjustment voltage. The purpose and effect include: The wind turbine in this case belongs to the inner rotor type wind turbine. The windmill in this case can improve the utilization of wind energy and start in the wind environment with low wind speed. The windmill in this case is stable. The generator has the characteristics of low rotor inertia and low torque. The wind turbine in this case can reduce the cost of using the renewable energy at the back end. The detailed purpose and function description will be detailed later. The following is a detailed description of the characteristics and effects of the case on the hardware of the case (10), and then (10) hardware equipment. The hardware equipment includes the wind turbine 20, a generator 3 The carbon brush slip ring combination unit 40 and the tail fin 5G. The windmill 2G mainly includes an impeller 21 and a unit blade 22 assembled on the wheel 21. The rotor 31 of the generator 30 is connected to the impeller 21 to receive Electrical energy is generated by the mechanical energy transmitted by the impeller 21. The carbon brush slip ring combination unit is connected to the power transmission line 34 of the generator 3, and outputs the electric power generated by the generator 30. The generator 30 and the M319324 carbon The brush slip ring combination unit 40 is disposed within a nacelle 32. The 兮p feather 4 tail 50 is affixed to the bottom of the nacelle 32 by a connecting rod 51. The empennage 50 is subjected to the action of the wind to steer the windmill 2 and the nacelle 32 described above in a direction in which the raft is effectively exposed to wind. The design of the empennage 50 described above causes the nacelle 32 and the windmill 20 to be a wind-rotating mechanism, which causes the problem of the above-mentioned power generation-transmission line 34 to be entangled, and thus the _ carbon brush slip ring assembly unit 40 is solved. The phase 41 of the carbon ring combination unit 4 is connected to the power generating electric wire 34 ' _ 42 嶋 outside the - _ 43 ' the nacelle 32 is rotatable about the fixed shaft 43 , and the carbon brush 41 is connected by the connector 44 The nacelle 32 has a fixed relationship. As the carbon brush W rotating in the nacelle η is in contact with the fixed copper ring 42, the electric power is transmitted to the copper ring 42. The copper ring is connected to the transmission wire 45, and the transmission wire 45 is worn. The center of the shaft 43 extends outwardly out of the nacelle. In this way, regardless of how the nacelle 32 rotates, the transmission of the secret 45 is affected by the line problem. In the present case, the windmill 20' has an impeller 21 which is a disc structure, and its outer periphery is provided with a joint edge 23 which is thinner than the thickness of the disc, and the joint edge 23 is provided for the unit vane a described above. The unit blade 22 is joined to the end of the engaging wire 23 to engage the groove 24, the engaging edge 2 is plunged into the engaging groove 24, and the unit is tough 22 μ at the joint edge a by a plurality of mosquito elements 25. Features and effects The wind turbine in this case belongs to the inner rotor type wind turbine. As shown in the wind power generator of the present invention, it is known that the rotor is a power generating structure that rotates inside the stator, and therefore (4) belongs to an inner rotor type wind power generator. According to the w/4 plus relational analysis, it can be proved that the rotor diameter is divergent and the rotor is straightforward, and the rotor is small, and the more (4) starts. Therefore, the internal rotor type power generation rotor is less than the outer rotor, and the miscellaneous internal rotation M319324 sub-generator has the advantage of easy starting. The windmill in this case can improve the utilization of wind energy, and the windmill in this case is started in a low wind speed wind environment, including a disk-shaped impeller and six unit blades combined with the edge of the impeller. The area radius of the windmill sweep is the sum of the impeller radius and the unit blade length. It can be seen from the figure that the impeller radius and the unit blade length each occupy a ratio of the half-pinch of the sweeping circle area, and the sweeping area of the wind turbine is composed of the impeller and the unit blade, and the wind receiving structure of the windmill is the unit. The amount of wind energy is proportional to the area of the windmill. In this case, the large-diameter impeller increases the sweeping area of the windmill, thus improving the wind energy utilization rate. Furthermore, the unit blades of the windmill in this case are wide-plate type, and each unit-unit blade receives wind in an enlarged area, and the wind-receiving area increases, so that the wind power utilization rate of the windmill is further increased. The unit blade is a combination of six blades on the periphery of the impeller, and the multi-leaf type fits the wide plate area to maintain the proper wind distance between the blades of the unit. This distance maintains good gas flow, so that most of them can be used. The wind force acts on the impeller and the unit blade, and the wind energy passing through the space is lost through the loss of unused air, so the utilization of wind energy is increased. Under the action of the impeller and the unit blades complement each other, the windmill of this case can greatly improve the utilization of wind energy, so it can achieve the purpose of low wind speed rotation. The windmill of this case has the function of improving the stability of operation. In this case, the sum of the impeller radius and the length of one unit of the blade constitutes half of the windswept area. Only as stated in the above paragraph and the plane of the case, the impeller radius and the unit blade length are respectively Occupy the phase of the radius of the area of the grazing area #_. In other words, the (four) impeller is a large-area structure with respect to the entire windmill. The impeller constitutes the center of mass of the windmill, so that it has a stable center of gravity, and the windmill X winds and turns, and the impeller exerts a stable weight. Wei, so that the windmill can be rotated stably, minus 11 M319324 - less shaking situation 'relatively rotating chewing sound can be greatly reduced. According to the structural mechanics, the wide-plate type unit blade can exhibit a better strong strength, and the wind is not easily bent or shaken, so that the wind can be stably cut. The windmill of this case has an impeller with stable center of gravity and a unit blade that stabilizes the wind cut, so it has the effect of improving stable operation. Although this case emphasizes large-area impellers, the impeller quality also has its necessity to avoid the situation that the impeller static mass is too large and the inertia is too large to start. Under the conditions of the same diameter and the same single-element blade, the impellers with the weights of 2kg, 1.3kg and 〇8kg were respectively subjected to low-winding experiments, and the L3kg impeller can obtain an expected low starting wind speed, 2kg. It is necessary to start with a wind that is larger than the expected starting wind speed, and it is less suitable for the low wind speed starting. On the other hand, the starting wind speed of 〇 8kg is larger than 1.3kg, and the starting wind speed is not proportional to the decrease due to the smaller static mass. Therefore, it is preferable to use an L3kg impeller in this experimental data. The generator of this case has the characteristics of low rotor inertia and low torque. In this case, the permanent magnet generator is used, and the permanent magnet wind generator is easy to be started. In addition to the windmill structure φ, the rotor inertia and the torque of the generator are also one of the decisive factors. Regarding the rotor inertia, J=1/4GD2 relational analysis [G is the rotor weight (KG), 〇 is the rotor diameter (m)], it can be proved that the rotor diameter determines the rotor inertia, the same weight of the cylindrical rotor, the smaller the rotor diameter The smaller the rotor inertia, the easier it is to start. In this case, the rotor diameter of the generator is set to 32mm, the magnet is 3mm thick, and the total length is 99mm. According to the above rotor inertia formula, it can be seen that the generator of the present invention has the characteristics of low rotor inertia, the generator itself is easily started, and the low inertia rotor reduces the load of the windmill, making the windmill more susceptible to wind start. Regarding the torque, as described in the prior art, the rotor of a permanent magnet generator or motor has C £ 12 M319324 - a tendency to align with the stator in a certain direction, whereby the trend produces a vibration Torque is called cogging torque or cogging torgue. For a permanent magnet motor, the torque of the rotation has a direct influence on the starting wind speed of the windmill rotation. The generator of the high-torque torque has a point of arrival, which causes a problem that the low wind speed is not smooth. From the point of view of the alignment trend of the magnetic lines of force, the JV /7\ scheme, the structure of the integer groove is easy to produce the alignment of the rotor magnet and the stator teeth, that is, the induction of the magnet and the groove at a certain angle. Produces the largest flux key, resulting in a stable bear balance, so it will rotate when rotating. In this way, the way to reduce the rotation can reduce the drop of the induced flux key. The means can use the fractional slot method to reduce the chance of the magnet and the groove being aligned, and can also deliberately increase the number of poles and slots. The least common multiple of the number, for example, 8 poles and 9 slots, divided by the spatial angle of 36 degrees by the least common multiple of the number of poles and the number of slots of the stator, the period of the 8 poles and 9 slots is 5 degrees, and the mechanical angle of the rotation is small. The situation has been significantly improved. The generator of this case has the characteristics of low inertia rotor and low torque, which can reduce the load of the windmill and make the windmill and the generator have the advantage of easy starting. φ This case belongs to the light wind start type wind turbine. The wind turbine with improved wind energy utilization is matched with the low rotor inertia and low torque generator, so that the case can be started in a low wind speed wind environment. Because the starting wind speed of the British Marlec company's frequency type 3 is below 2.5_, the model structure of this case is better than the former, so it is estimated that the starting wind speed is below 2Ws, which is a light wind start. However, the starting wind speed of the conventional low wind turbine is about 3 7 & right and left is a wind turbine with a breeze start. It can be explained that the starting wind speed of the present case is lower than that of the conventional wind turbine with low wind force, so the location of the wind power generator is no longer limited to the area with good wind performance, and the degree of freedom of location selection is higher.
< S 13 M319324 本案風力發電機可使後端利用再生能源的費用得以減低 本案風力發電機採三相卿以上的高額定電壓輸出，再經後端轉換系 統（變壓器、整流器）轉換為特定較低電壓之交流電或直流電。依照p(功 率)=1(電流)X V(電壓）之關係式可知，功率相同時，電壓越高，電流越低； 而線路的輸電容量與電壓平方成正比，假設電壓加倍，則輸電容量增為原來 的四倍。所以，對相同輸電容量而言，較高電壓僅需較小電流，依照V(電 -壓）=1(電流)x R(電阻）關係式可知，當電阻固定，電流降低，電纜線上產生 .的電壓降(電壓損失)也降低，依照p(發熱功率或銅損）叫2 (電流平方） X R(電阻)關係式可知，電流降低代表電力在傳輸的過程中因為電纜線電阻 所產生的發熱損失或銅損跟著降低。因此本案風力發電機具有電壓降小、鋼 損小、熱損失小的輸電特性。 而咼額定電壓輸出之風力發電機可以利用改換後端轉換系統(變壓器、 整流器）的手段做以應付後端的蓄電系統或供電消費系統之特定電壓。簡單 •的說，-台風力發電機就可以配應不_f電系統或供電消㈣統，差別僅 籲在於後端轉換祕(變壓n、整流器)之改換，這做換是料實施而且成本 低廉的，所以，風力發電的建置成本得以大幅降低，使後端利用再生能源的 費用得以減低，符合經濟效益。 綜合上述之硬體結構及功效特性之敘述，可知本案確已突破傳統型式風 力發電機之窠臼，而展現新穎的型態以及多重進步之功效，可證本案確為— 具有實用性之風力發電機才冓，雖然本案於圖式中是以一個最佳實施例做說明， 但精於此技藝者能在不脫離本案精神與麟下做各種不同形式的改變。以上所 舉實施例僅用以本案而已，翻以_本案之制。舉凡不違本案精神所 M319324 - 從事的種種修改或變化，倶屬本案申請專利範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為習知風力發電機之風車平面圖。 第二圖為本案風力發電機之外觀圖。 第三圖為本案風力發電機之側視圖。 第四圖為本案風車之立體分解圖。 -第五圖為本案風車側視暨發電機内部配裝示意圖。 ·-第六圖為本案仰視圖，表示風力發電機底部的樣態。 【主要元件符號說明】 20- 風車 21- 葉輪 22- 單元葉片 23- 接合邊緣 24- 接合槽 25- 固定元件 30- 發電機 31- 轉子 32- 機艙 34-輸電導線 40- 碳刷滑環組合單元 41- 碳刷 42- 銅環 43_固定轴 44-連接器 50- 尾翼 51- 連接桿 15< S 13 M319324 The wind turbine in this case can reduce the cost of using the renewable energy at the back end to reduce the high rated voltage output of the wind turbine in the case of three-phase above, and then convert it to a specific comparison through the back-end conversion system (transformer, rectifier). Low voltage AC or DC. According to the relationship between p (power) = 1 (current) XV (voltage), when the power is the same, the higher the voltage, the lower the current; and the transmission capacity of the line is proportional to the square of the voltage, assuming that the voltage is doubled, the transmission capacity is increased. Four times the original. Therefore, for the same transmission capacity, the higher voltage requires only a small current. According to the relationship between V (electro-voltage) = 1 (current) x R (resistance), when the resistance is fixed, the current is reduced, and the cable is generated. The voltage drop (voltage loss) is also reduced. According to p (heating power or copper loss) called 2 (current squared) XR (resistance) relationship, the current reduction represents the heat generated by the cable resistance during the transmission process. Loss or copper loss is reduced. Therefore, the wind turbine of this case has the characteristics of small voltage drop, small steel loss and small heat loss. The wind turbine with the rated voltage output can be changed by the means of changing the back-end conversion system (transformer, rectifier) to cope with the specific voltage of the back-end power storage system or the power consumption system. Simplely, the wind turbine can be equipped with a _f electric system or a power supply (four) system. The difference is only the change of the back end conversion secret (variable voltage n, rectifier), which is implemented and replaced. The cost is low, so the cost of building wind power can be greatly reduced, and the cost of using renewable energy at the back end can be reduced, which is economical. Based on the above description of the hardware structure and efficacy characteristics, we can see that this case has already broken through the traditional type of wind turbines, and the new type and the effect of multiple advancements can be proved. This case is indeed a practical wind turbine. However, although the case is illustrated in a preferred embodiment, the skilled person can make various changes in the form without departing from the spirit of the case. The above embodiments are only used in this case, and are turned into the system of the case. Anything that does not violate the spirit of the case M319324 - all kinds of modifications or changes, is the scope of patent application in this case. [Simple description of the diagram] The first figure is a plan view of a windmill of a conventional wind turbine. The second picture shows the appearance of the wind turbine in this case. The third picture is a side view of the wind turbine of the case. The fourth picture is an exploded view of the windmill of this case. - The fifth picture is a schematic diagram of the side view of the windmill and the internal assembly of the generator. · The sixth picture is a bottom view of the case, showing the state of the bottom of the wind turbine. [Main component symbol description] 20- Windmill 21- Impeller 22- Unit blade 23- Joint edge 24- Engagement groove 25- Fixing element 30- Generator 31- Rotor 32- Cabin 34-Power transmission line 40- Carbon brush slip ring combination unit 41- Carbon Brush 42- Copper Ring 43_Fixed Shaft 44-Connector 50-Tail 51- Connecting Rod 15