五、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 本創作係提供-種圓錐貫入試驗儀之技術領域，尤指其 技術上提供一種具光纖量測摩擦套筒阻抗之圓錐貫入試驗 儀，其以單-光纖即可傳輸該摩擦套筒阻抗之測量數據者 【先前技術】 按，圓錐貫入試驗（cone Penetrati0n Test，CPT)是 一種廣泛使用的現地試驗方法。在1938年時，荷蘭人為了 調查當地軟弱土壤的厚度與稠度，發展出一套簡易且廉價 的機械式調查工具—荷蘭式圓錐貫入試驗儀（Dutch coneV. New description: 【New technology field】 This creation department provides the technical field of cone penetration tester, especially the technology of providing a cone penetration tester with fiber optic measurement friction sleeve impedance. - Optical fiber can transmit the measurement data of the friction sleeve impedance [Prior Art] Press, Cone Penetra Test (CPT) is a widely used field test method. In 1938, the Dutch developed a simple and inexpensive mechanical survey tool for the investigation of the thickness and consistency of the weak soil in the region - Dutch cone penetration tester (Dutch cone)
penetrometer)。經過改良之後，成為電子式圓錐貫入試驗 儀（electronic cone penetr〇meter)，而研究人員發現 cpT 可應用於較深的砂土層中，獲得有關該深度砂土層的承載 力和剪力強度的結果。 根據ASTM D5778標準的圓錐貫入試驗儀，其為底面直 控35. 7mm(截面積l〇cm2)的圓錐體，錐頭角度呈6〇度，試 驗時以20rani/sec的穩定速度將圓錐貫入土中。試驗過程除 。己錄圓錐貫入阻抗（cone penetrati〇n resistance，q<〇， 及作用在錐頭後方圓柱外壁之套管摩擦阻抗（fricti〇n resistance，fs)外’另可加裝水壓計（piez〇meter)量測土 層中的孔隙水壓。CPT操作簡單、迅速’加上擷取資料具連 M383739 續性，因此對現地土壤的量測與分析，提供很大的助益。 現行的CPT可裝設各種形式的感應器，可以量測之參 數包括： 1. 圓錐貫入阻抗（qc ) 2. 摩擦套筒阻抗（fs) 3. 孔隙水壓（…） 4. 傾斜度（inclination) 5. 溫度 6. 土層震動波速（seismic wave velocity) 7. 側向應力（lateral stress) 8. 地電阻(electrical resistivity) 惟，傳統電子式感測器雖已發展了長久的時間，但是 仍有一些無法避免的問題存在，進而影響量測的品質，包 括： 1. 電壓不穩定造成的雜訊； 2. 周圍環境電磁波的干擾； 3. 溫度變化的影響； 4. 線路容易受水氣侵#而損壞； 5·個別之電子感測元件需有各自獨立之量測訊號傳 輸線路； 6.如果有多個感測器，則其所累積之電纜線體積大， 佈放空間易受限制。 M383739 是以’針對上述習知結構所存在之問題點，如何開發 —種更具理想實用性之創新結構，實消費者所殷切企盼， 亦係相關業者須努力研發突破之目標及方向。 有鑑於此，創作人本於多年從事相關產品之製造開發 與設計經驗，針對上述之目標，詳加設計與審慎評估後， 终得一確具實用性之本創作。Penetrometer). After improvement, it became an electronic cone penetr〇meter, and the researchers found that cpT can be applied to deeper sand layers to obtain the bearing capacity and shear strength of the deep sand layer. result. According to the ASTM D5778 standard conical penetration tester, which is a cone with a bottom surface of 35. 7 mm (cross-sectional area l〇cm2), the cone angle is 6 degrees, and the cone is penetrated into the soil at a steady speed of 20rani/sec. in. The test process is divided. The cone penetration resistance (cone penetrati〇n resistance, q<〇, and the frictional resistance of the casing acting on the outer wall of the cylinder behind the cone (fricti〇n resistance, fs) can be added to the water gauge (piez〇meter) Measure the pore water pressure in the soil layer. The CPT operation is simple and rapid 'plus the data obtained with M383739 continuity, so it provides great help for the measurement and analysis of the existing soil. The current CPT can be loaded Various types of sensors can be measured. The parameters that can be measured include: 1. Cone penetration resistance (qc) 2. Friction sleeve impedance (fs) 3. Pore water pressure (...) 4. Inclination 5. Temperature 6 Seismic wave velocity 7. Lateral stress 8. electrical resistivity However, although traditional electronic sensors have been developed for a long time, there are still some unavoidable The problem exists, which in turn affects the quality of the measurement, including: 1. Noise caused by voltage instability; 2. Electromagnetic wave interference in the surrounding environment; 3. Influence of temperature change; 4. The line is easily damaged by water and gas invasion; ·Individual electricity The sub-sensing components need to have separate measurement signal transmission lines; 6. If there are multiple sensors, the accumulated cable is bulky and the layout space is limited. M383739 is based on the above The problem of the structure, how to develop - an innovative structure with more ideal and practicality, the real consumer is eagerly awaiting, and the relevant industry must strive to develop the goal and direction of breakthrough. In view of this, the creator has been engaged in many years. The manufacturing development and design experience of related products, after detailed design and careful evaluation of the above objectives, will ultimately be a practical creation.
【新型内容】 欲解決之技術問題點： 發展了長久的時間，但是仍 進而影響量測的品質，包括 圍環境電磁波的干擾，溫度 侵蝕而損壞’個別之電子感 號傳輸線路，如果有多個感 習用該傳統電子式感測器雖已 有一些無法避免的問題存在， •電壓不穩定造成的雜訊，周 變化的影響，線路容易受水氣 測元件需有各自獨立之量測訊 測器’則其所累積之電境線體 積大’佈放空間易受限制等的缺失。 解決問題之技術特點：提供一種具光纖量測摩擦套筒 阻抗之圓錐貫入試驗儀，係包含有· 一圓錐體摩擦套筒 及一圓柱管，該圓柱管先套設摩擦套筒，該圓柱管前端組 設圓錐體，該圓柱管設一凹入的圓錐負載單元接一凸環體 ，該凸環體接一凹入的套筒負載單元，其主要在於：使用 二含有光纖光柵之光纖，該二光纖經該圓枉管内部而由該 套筒負載單元穿出，該二光纖之光纖光柵分別膠黏固定至 該套筒負載單元二側，該摩擦套筒内壁一凸緣抵於該圓柱 5 e之該凸％體，藉由摩擦套筒來壓縮圓錐貫入試驗儀内套 筒負載單το ’使套筒負载單元二側之光纖光栅產生壓縮變 化將此兩側變化置平均後，再經數學式轉換，可算出圓 錐貫入試驗儀所受之表面摩擦力的大小。 對照先前技術之功效：先前技術之電窥線，其如有多 個感測器’則其所累積之電纜線體積大，佈設空間易受限 制’且該四冑電镜線很粗亦不好穿設且傳統應變片式感測 器靈敏度低於光纖光柵感測器之3()倍。而本創作之具光纖 量測摩擦套筒阻抗之圓錐貫人試驗儀，其只要—條光纖之 裝叹’該光纖在套筒負載單元處設有光纖光柵藉由摩擦 套筒來壓縮圓錐貫入試驗儀内套筒負載單元，使得套筒負 載單元產生壓縮量’該光纖光柵則可量其壓縮量，再經由 數學式轉換後’即可算出圓錐貫入試驗儀所受之表面摩擦 力的大小。而二條光纖以其二個光纖光柵則可相互驗證或 取平均值得更準確。 有關本創作所採用之技術、·手段及其功效，茲舉一較 佳實施例並配合圖式詳細說明於后，相信本創作上述之目 的、構造及特徵，當可由之得一深入而具體的瞭解。 【實施方式】 光纖之結構為圓柱狀’主要構造可分為纖核（c〇re)、 纖殼（cladding)以及作為保護之塗抹層（c〇ating)等三部 分。其成分主要由高含矽量之玻璃或多種成分之玻璃或塑 M383739 膠組成’中心為折射率（refract i ve index)較高之纖核 (core) ’外層則是彼覆折射率較低之纖殼（cia(jding);為 了保護光纖不易受彎曲折斷，在纖殼外層再覆上樹酯加強 光纖強度與勃性（coating)。其中纖核（core)直徑依光纖種 類不同而在5〜75μιη之間，纖殼直徑範圍則在100〜2〇〇μιη之 間。纖核和纖殼為構成整個光纖之基本要件，但光纖常用 於惡劣之環境中，故一般除了在纖殼外層塗上約為 200〜ΙΟΟΟμιη不等之聚合物（p〇iymer)材質塗佈層 (coating)作為保護外，最後再使用尼龍製成之外皮包覆做 成商品用光纖。光纖感測是將物理量（溫度、應變、加迷 度、位移、壓力等）的變化，解調成在光纖内傳輸之光信 號的改變。 參閱第一至第二圖所示，本創作係提供一種具光纖量 測摩擦套筒阻抗之圓錐貫入試驗儀，包括： 一圓錐體（1 〇)，該圓錐體（丄〇)之一錐頭工 )角度呈60° ; 一圓柱管（2〇)，該圓柱管（2〇)前端設有—螺孔 (2 1 )用以組裝該圓錐體（1 〇)底端的—螺柱（1 2 )，該圓柱管（20)與圓錐體（1 〇)間並套設有一環形 透水石（50)，該圓柱管（2〇)前段設有—凹入的圓錐 負載單元（22)，該圓錐負載單元（22)上接_凸環體 (23)，該凸環體（23)上接一凹入的套筒負載單元 7 M383739 〇 )組接位置設 24)，而該圓錐體（1 0)與圓柱管 置一孔隙水壓力傳感器（25); 一摩擦套筒（30)，該摩捧套芮 手怿苌同（30)組設於該圓 柱管（20)之外周’該摩擦套筒（3〇)内部設有—凸 緣（31)’該凸緣（31)乃抵於該圓柱管（2〇)之該 凸環體（2 3 )處，使得摩擦套筒（3 〇 )表面摩擦力： 藉凸環體（2 3 )傳至套筒負載單元（2 4 )，使得套筒負 載單元（24)壓縮變形。 其主要在於：二光纖（4〇)，該二光纖（4〇)經該 圓柱管（20)内部而由該套筒負載單元（24)穿出， 該光纖（40)並膠黏固定至該套筒負載單元（24) 一 側’該二光纖（4 0 )分別於膠黏固定至該套筒負載單元 (24)之兩側位置設有一光纖光柵（4 i )’藉由摩擦套 筒（3 0 )來壓縮圓錐貫入試驗儀内套筒負載單元（2 4 )，使得套筒負載單元（24)產生壓縮量，該套筒負載單 元（2 4 )兩側之光纖光柵（4 1 )則可量其壓縮量，將 此兩側變化量平均後，再經由數學式轉換後，即可算出圓 錐貫入試驗儀所受之表面摩擦力的大小。 參閱第三圖所示’光纖光柵（4 1 )的製造是利用高 能量同調雷射在光纖曝光，造成折射率永久改變，成為一 系列週期為Λ的明暗條紋，此稱之為光纖光柵（4工） (f iber grating)。 M383739 / 布拉格光纖光柵（4 1 )亦被稱為反射式（reflection) 光纖光栅（4 1 )’其週期大約為當光纖中傳播之光 波遇到布拉格光纖光柵（4丄）時，會有一特定波長的光 受光纖光柵（4 1 )影響耦合至一反向前進的光上，因此 入射光中該波長的光在短週期光纖光栅（4 1 )處產生了 反射效果。除了符合布拉格條件（Bragg c〇ndi t i〇n)的特定 波長以外，其餘波長都會因為相位差而相消。 布拉格反射波長又b可以表示為： λΒ = 2«Λ ......................................(1_1) 其中，η為光纖纖核的有效折射率 Λ為折射率週期性改變的間距 第三圖為光纖光柵變量示意圖，光纖光柵（4 1 )中 之週期明暗條紋類似在光纖（4 〇 )中製造一系列透鏡組 α,¾寬頻光束通過這些透鏡組合時，將會造成某些特定 頻率光波被反射回發射端’而其他頻率光波則繼續向前傳 導，而這些透鏡的間距不同，則被反射的光波頻率亦不相 同备受到外力產生應變時，造成原本間距d的改變增加 量為△(!，使得該特定波長；^^反射回來一增加量△ λΒ，可 以求得應力施加後所引致的應變量大小。 說明套管摩擦阻抗（f s): 請配合第一圖所示，套管摩擦阻抗為光纖光柵（4 1 )荷重7G形式’貫入儀之摩擦套筒（3 〇)長度為13. 38cm 巩叫739 ’其表面積為15〇cm、其表面摩擦力之量測方法為藉由摩 々套筒（3 0)來壓縮圓錐貫入試驗儀内套筒負載單元（ 24)，使得套筒負載單元（24)產生壓縮量，因此黏貼 ;套筒負載單元（2 4 )上兩側之光纖光柵（4丄）則可 量其壓縮量，將此兩侧變化量平均後，再經由數學式轉換 後，即可算出圓錐貫入試驗儀所受之表面摩擦力的大小。 月’J文係針對本創作之較佳實施例為本創作之技術特徵 進行具體之說明；惟’熟悉此項技術之人士當可在不脫離 本創作之精神與原則下對本創作進行變更與修改，而該等 變更與修改，皆應涵蓋於如下申請專利範圍所界定之範嘴 中。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖：係本創作其一實施例之立體分解示意圖。 第二圖：係本創作其一實施例之剖示圖。 第三圖：係本創作其一實施例光纖光柵變量示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 (1 0 )圓錐體 (1 1 )錐頭 (1 2 )螺柱 (2 0 )圓柱管 (2 1 )螺孔 (22)圓錐負載單元 M383739 (2 3 )凸環體 (2 4 )套筒負載單元 ‘（2 5 )孔隙水壓力傳感器 (3 0 )摩擦套筒 (3 1 )凸緣 (4 0 )光纖[New content] The technical problem to be solved: The development of a long time, but still affects the quality of the measurement, including the interference of environmental electromagnetic waves, temperature erosion and damage 'individual electronic sensor transmission line, if there are multiple Although there are some unavoidable problems in the use of this traditional electronic sensor, • the noise caused by voltage instability, the influence of the cycle change, the line is susceptible to the water and gas measurement components need to have their own independent measurement detector 'There is a large volume of the accumulated electric power line', and the layout space is easily restricted. Technical feature of solving the problem: providing a cone penetration tester with an optical fiber measuring friction sleeve impedance, comprising a cone friction sleeve and a cylindrical tube, the cylindrical tube is first sleeved with a friction sleeve, the cylindrical tube The front end is provided with a cone, the cylindrical tube is provided with a concave conical load unit connected to a convex ring body, and the convex ring body is connected to a concave sleeve load unit, which mainly comprises: using two optical fibers containing the fiber grating, The two optical fibers are passed through the sleeve load unit through the inside of the round tube, and the two fiber gratings are respectively glued and fixed to two sides of the sleeve load unit, and a flange of the friction sleeve inner wall abuts the cylinder 5 The convex body of e is compressed by the friction sleeve to compress the conical penetration tester into the sleeve load το 'the compression of the fiber grating on the two sides of the sleeve load unit to average the changes on both sides, and then through mathematics The conversion can be used to calculate the amount of surface friction experienced by the cone penetration tester. Compared with the efficacy of the prior art: prior art electro-optical line, if there are multiple sensors, the accumulated cable is bulky, the layout space is easily limited, and the four-electron microscope line is thick and not good. The sensitivity of the conventional strain gauge sensor is less than 3 () times that of the fiber grating sensor. The cone-shaped human tester with the impedance of the fiber-optic measuring friction sleeve of the present invention is only required to be sighed by the optical fiber. The fiber is provided with a fiber grating at the sleeve load unit, and the cone penetration test is performed by the friction sleeve. The sleeve load unit in the instrument enables the sleeve load unit to generate a compression amount. The fiber grating can measure the amount of compression, and then mathematically converts it to calculate the surface friction force of the cone penetration tester. The two fibers can be mutually verified or averaged with their two fiber gratings to be more accurate. With regard to the techniques, means and functions of the present invention, a preferred embodiment is described in detail with reference to the drawings, and it is believed that the above objects, structures and features of the present invention can be obtained from an in-depth and specific To understanding. [Embodiment] The structure of the optical fiber is cylindrical. The main structure can be divided into three parts: a core, a clam, and a protective coating. Its composition is mainly composed of high-yield glass or multi-component glass or plastic M383739 glue. 'The core is the core with higher refractive index (refractive index). The outer layer is the lower refractive index. Casing (ciading): In order to protect the fiber from being bent and broken, the resin is coated with a resin to strengthen the strength and the coating of the fiber. The diameter of the core depends on the type of the fiber. Between 75μιη, the diameter of the shell is between 100~2〇〇μιη. The core and the shell are the basic components of the whole fiber, but the fiber is often used in harsh environments, so it is usually coated on the outer shell. A coating of polymer (p〇iymer) of about 200 to ΙΟΟΟμιη is used as a protective coating, and finally a nylon coated outer skin is used to make a commercial optical fiber. Optical fiber sensing is a physical quantity (temperature) Changes in strain, addiction, displacement, pressure, etc., demodulated into changes in the optical signal transmitted within the fiber. Referring to Figures 1 through 2, the author provides a fiber optic measurement friction sleeve Impedance cone The penetration tester comprises: a cone (1 〇), the cone of one of the cones is 60°; a cylindrical tube (2〇), the front end of the cylindrical tube (2〇) is provided - a screw hole (2 1 ) for assembling a stud (1 2 ) at the bottom end of the cone (1 〇), and a circular permeable stone (50) between the cylindrical tube (20) and the cone (1 〇) The front section of the cylindrical tube (2〇) is provided with a concave conical load unit (22), and the conical load unit (22) is connected to the _ convex ring body (23), and the convex ring body (23) is connected to one The recessed sleeve load unit 7 M383739 〇) is set to position 24), and the cone (10) and the cylindrical tube are provided with a pore water pressure sensor (25); a friction sleeve (30), which is The sleeve (31) is disposed outside the cylindrical tube (20). The flange (31) is disposed inside the friction sleeve (3). The flange (31) is opposite to the cylinder. The convex ring body (2 3 ) of the tube (2〇) is such that the frictional force of the friction sleeve (3 〇) is transmitted to the sleeve load unit (2 4 ) by the convex ring body (2 3 ), so that the sleeve The load unit (24) is compressively deformed. The main purpose is: two optical fibers (4 turns), the two optical fibers (4 turns) are passed through the sleeve load unit (24) through the inside of the cylindrical tube (20), and the optical fibers (40) are glued and fixed thereto. One side of the sleeve load unit (24) is provided with a fiber grating (4 i ) by a friction sleeve (4 i ) respectively adhered to both sides of the sleeve load unit (24) 3 0) compressing the cone into the sleeve load unit (2 4 ) in the tester, so that the sleeve load unit (24) generates a compression amount, and the fiber grating (4 1 ) on both sides of the sleeve load unit (2 4 ) The amount of compression can be measured, and the amount of change on both sides can be averaged, and then the mathematical friction can be used to calculate the surface friction force of the cone penetration tester. Referring to the third figure, the fiber grating (4 1 ) is fabricated by using a high-energy coherent laser to expose the fiber, causing a permanent change in the refractive index, which becomes a series of bright and dark stripes with a period of Λ. This is called a fiber grating (4). (f iber grating). M383739 / Bragg Fiber Bragg Grating (4 1 ) is also known as reflection fiber grating (4 1 )' whose period is approximately a specific wavelength when the light wave propagating in the fiber encounters the Bragg fiber grating (4丄) The light is coupled to a counter-propelled light by the influence of the fiber grating (4 1 ), so that light of that wavelength in the incident light produces a reflection effect at the short-period fiber grating (4 1 ). Except for the specific wavelengths that correspond to Bragg conditions, the other wavelengths are cancelled by the phase difference. The Bragg reflection wavelength b can be expressed as: λΒ = 2«Λ .................................... ..(1_1) where η is the effective refractive index of the fiber core Λ is the interval at which the refractive index changes periodically. The third figure is a schematic diagram of the fiber grating variation, and the periodic light and dark stripes in the fiber grating (4 1 ) are similar to those in the fiber (4制造) Manufacture a series of lens groups α, 3⁄4 broadband beams combined by these lenses, will cause some specific frequency light waves to be reflected back to the transmitting end' while other frequency light waves continue to forward, and the spacing of these lenses is different, Then, the frequency of the reflected light wave is also different. When the strain is generated by the external force, the change of the original pitch d is increased by Δ (!, so that the specific wavelength; ^^ is reflected back by an increase amount Δ λ Β, and the stress can be applied. The magnitude of the strain caused by the latter. Description of the casing frictional resistance (fs): Please match the first figure, the casing frictional resistance is the fiber grating (4 1 ) load 7G form ' penetration of the friction sleeve (3 〇) The length is 13.38cm, the weight of the surface is 15〇cm, and the surface friction is measured by the method. The conical penetration tester (24) is compressed by the friction sleeve (30), so that the sleeve load unit (24) generates a compression amount, so the adhesive is applied; the sleeve load unit (2 4 ) is on both sides The fiber grating (4 丄) can measure the amount of compression, and after averaging the changes on both sides, the mathematical friction can be used to calculate the surface friction of the cone penetration tester. The specific features of the present invention are specifically described for the technical features of the present invention; however, those who are familiar with the technology may make changes and modifications to the present creation without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention. Changes and modifications are to be included in the scope of the patent application as defined in the following patent application. [Simplified Schematic] The first figure is a three-dimensional exploded view of an embodiment of the present creation. A cross-sectional view of an embodiment. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fiber grating variable according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Description of main component symbols] (1 0) cone (1 1 ) cone head (1 2 ) stud (2 0 ) cylindrical tube (2 1 ) screw hole (22) round Cone load unit M383739 (2 3 ) convex ring body (2 4 ) sleeve load unit ‘(2 5 ) pore water pressure sensor (3 0 ) friction sleeve (3 1 ) flange (4 0 ) fiber
(41)光纖光柵 (5 0 )環形透水石 11(41) Fiber Bragg Grating (50) Ring Permeable Stone 11