TWI906075B - Repair method to prevent concrete leakage and the structure to prevent concrete leakage - Google Patents

Abstract

A repair method to prevent concrete leakage and the structure to prevent concrete leakage, the method includes the steps of positioning of negative water pressure surface, delimiting of construction scope of positive water pressure surface, drilling, filling, and confirming, the structure is suitable for the concrete having a structural layer, the structure includes: a waterproof layer, a protective layer and a waterproof material, by filling with the waterproof material, the gap between the structural layer and the waterproof layer, and between the waterproof layer and the protective layer forms a waterproof material layer, and the filling of the cracks caused by the structural layer, the waterproof layer and the protective layer, so as to effectively prevent the leakage of concrete, moreover, the method not only improves the waterproof effect, but also saves the construction time and cost.

Description

Repair methods and structures for preventing concrete leaks

This invention relates to the repair of leaks in buildings, and in particular to a method for repairing leaks in concrete and a structure for preventing leaks in concrete.

As buildings age, the lifespan of concrete waterproofing layers gradually diminishes. The primary function of a waterproofing layer is to prevent rainwater penetration, protecting the building structure from moisture and corrosion. However, especially in earthquake-prone regions like Taiwan, building structures undergo not only natural degradation but also repeated physical damage and the latent shrinkage and deformation of concrete. This makes both the structural and waterproofing layers prone to cracking or damage, significantly reducing their waterproofing effectiveness. Furthermore, temperature variations on the concrete surface also affect the lifespan of the waterproofing layer. For example, based on the glass transition temperature principle, the waterproofing layer expands due to high temperatures in the hot summer and contracts due to low temperatures in the winter, eventually leading to cracking or peeling.

The traditional solution for concrete leaks involves removing all protective and decorative materials (tiles, stone, and protective layers) and waterproofing layers from the concrete surface, clearing away debris, and then re-laying new waterproofing and protective layers. While widely used, this method has many drawbacks. First, the construction period is too long, significantly impacting residents' daily lives. Second, labor and equipment costs are high, making it uneconomical for building maintenance projects with limited budgets. Furthermore, rainfall during construction can exacerbate leaks before the waterproofing layer is fully completed, further damaging the building's interior. More importantly, if cracks in the structural layers (such as concrete) are not properly repaired, carbon dioxide will continue to penetrate the structure, causing the concrete to neutralize and inducing steel reinforcement corrosion.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a repair method and structure for preventing concrete leakage that can solve one of the above problems.

To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention provides a repair method for preventing concrete leakage, comprising the following steps: a negative water pressure surface leakage point location step: identifying the leakage point in the concrete; a positive water pressure surface construction range delineation step: establishing a drilling center point based on the leakage point on the positive water pressure surface, and delineating a plurality of drilling points around this center point; a drilling step: drilling at each drilling point to create a plurality of grouting holes, each grouting hole being constructed by… The positive water pressure surface penetrates the protective layer, waterproof layer, and structural layer of the concrete, but does not penetrate the structural layer; the grouting step: grouting waterproof material into one of the grouting holes that has not been grouted; and the confirmation step: confirming whether the waterproof material has seeped out of the leak point; if the waterproof material has seeped out of the leak point, the repair method for preventing concrete leakage is completed; if the waterproof material has not seeped out of the leak point, the grouting step is performed.

The advantages of this invention are: by implementing the following steps in sequence, namely, locating the leakage point on the negative water pressure surface, defining the construction area on the positive water pressure surface, drilling, grouting, and confirmation, it can effectively prevent concrete leakage and has the advantages of short construction period, simple construction, and low cost.

Preferably, the depth of the injection hole in the concrete structural layer is two-thirds of the thickness of the structural layer.

Preferably, each injection hole is located within a radius of 150 cm to 300 cm centered on the center point of the drill hole.

Preferably, the spacing between each injection hole is between 10 cm and 100 cm.

Preferably, in the confirmation step, after the waterproofing material has seeped out at the leak point, it is simultaneously confirmed whether the waterproofing material has seeped out of other unfilled filling holes; if the waterproofing material has seeped out of the unfilled filling hole, there is no need to fill it with waterproofing material; if the waterproofing material has not seeped out of the unfilled filling hole, the waterproofing material is filled into the filling hole that has not seeped out.

Similarly, to achieve the aforementioned objective, the present invention provides another structure for preventing concrete leakage, applicable to a concrete having a structural layer. The structure for preventing concrete leakage includes: a waterproof layer disposed on the surface of the structural layer, having a first waterproof surface forming a first gap space with the surface of the structural layer, a second waterproof surface opposite to the first waterproof surface, and a first crack and a first injection hole segment penetrating the second waterproof surface and the first waterproof surface and communicating with the first gap space; and a protective layer disposed on the second waterproof surface of the waterproof layer. It has a first protective layer surface that forms a second gap space with the second waterproof surface of the waterproof layer, a second protective layer surface opposite to the first protective layer surface, and a second injection hole segment that penetrates the second protective layer surface and the first protective layer surface and communicates with the second gap space, wherein the second gap space communicates with the first crack and the first injection hole segment, and the second injection hole segment corresponds to the first injection hole segment; and a waterproof material that fills the first gap space, the first crack, the first injection hole segment, the second gap space, and the second injection hole segment.

The advantages of this invention are: by filling the gap between the structural layer and the waterproof layer with the waterproof material, a first waterproof material layer is formed in the first gap space between the structural layer and the waterproof layer, a second waterproof material layer is formed in the second gap space between the waterproof layer and the protective layer, and the cracks generated by the structural layer, the waterproof layer and the protective layer are filled, thereby effectively preventing concrete leakage, and having the advantages of short construction period, simple construction and low cost.

Preferably, the structural layer has a structural crack communicating with the first gap space, and the waterproof material fills the structural crack.

Preferably, the structural layer has an injection groove that communicates with the first gap space and corresponds to the second injection hole section, and the waterproof material is filled in the injection groove.

Preferably, the protective layer also has a second crack that penetrates the second protective layer surface and the first protective layer surface and communicates with the second gap space, and the waterproof material is also filled in the second crack; the depth of the injection groove of the structural layer is two-thirds of the thickness of the structural layer.

Preferably, the waterproof material forms a first waterproof material layer in the first gap space, and the waterproof material forms a second waterproof material layer in the second gap space.

Before this invention is described in detail, it should be noted that similar parts are indicated by the same number in the following description.

Referring to Figure 1, the present invention provides a method for preventing concrete leakage, which sequentially includes a leakage point location step S10 on the negative water pressure surface, a construction area delineation step S20 on the positive water pressure surface, a drilling step S30, a grouting step S40, and a confirmation step S50. Referring to Figures 2 to 5, the concrete structure includes, from bottom to top, a structural layer 10, a waterproof layer 20, and a protective layer 30. Wherein:

Referring to Figure 2, the step S10 for locating the leakage point on the negative water pressure surface is as follows: Locate the leakage point P1 of the concrete on the negative water pressure surface (i.e., indoors); the location of the leakage point P1 is a prior art technique, which can be found by a leak detection instrument (e.g., a moisture meter) or experience.

Referring to Figure 2, the step S20 for defining the construction area of the positive water pressure surface is as follows: Based on the leak point P1 corresponding to the positive water pressure surface (i.e., outdoors), a drilling center point P2 is generated, and a plurality of drilling points P3 are planned around the drilling center point P2; in this embodiment, each drilling point P3 is within a radius of 100 km centered on the drilling center point P2. Within the specified range, the spacing between each drilling point P3 is 50 cm, but this is not a limitation. Each drilling point P3 can be within a radius of 150 cm to 300 cm with the center point P2 as the center. The spacing between each drilling point P3 can be between 10 cm and 100 cm. Each drilling point P3 can be arranged in a matrix or radial pattern.

Referring to Figure 3, the drilling step S30 involves drilling at each drilling point P3 to generate a plurality of injection holes H. Each injection hole H extends from the positive water pressure surface to the negative water pressure surface, penetrating the concrete protective layer 30, waterproof layer 20, and structural layer 10, but does not penetrate the structural layer 10. In this embodiment, the depth of the injection hole H on the structural layer 10 is one-third of the thickness of the structural layer 10, but this is not a limitation. The optimal depth of the injection hole H on the structural layer 10 is two-thirds of the thickness of the structural layer 10.

Referring to Figure 4, the grouting step S40 involves grouting the grouting hole H that has not been grouted with waterproof material 40 with waterproof material 40; in this embodiment, the waterproof material 40 is polyurethane resin, but is not limited thereto.

The confirmation step S50: Confirm whether the waterproof material 40 has seeped out of the leak point P1. Referring to Figure 4, if the waterproof material 40 has not seeped out of the leak point P1, it means that the gaps or cracks between the structural layer 10, the waterproof layer 20, and the protective layer 30 have not been filled by the waterproof material 40. Therefore, the injection step S40 is performed again, that is, the waterproof material 40 is injected into the other injection holes H that have not been injected, and then the leak point P1 is confirmed to have seeped out. The waterproofing material 40 is applied, that is, the grouting step S40 and the confirmation step S50 are performed in a cycle, as shown in Figure 5. When the waterproofing material 40 seeps out of the leak point P1, it means that a new waterproof layer has been formed in the gap between the structural layer 10, the waterproof layer 20 and the protective layer 30 or the cracks have been filled by the waterproofing material 40. The repair method to prevent concrete leakage is then completed. Of course, it is best if the waterproofing material 40 seeps out of the cracks at or near the center point P2 of the drill hole.

It is worth mentioning that in the confirmation step S50, after the waterproof material 40 seeps out at the leak point P1, it is simultaneously confirmed whether the waterproof material 40 seeps out at other unfilled filling holes H; if the waterproof material 40 seeps out at the unfilled filling hole H, there is no need to fill it with waterproof material; if the waterproof material 40 does not seep out at the unfilled filling hole H, the waterproof material 40 is filled into the filling hole H that has not seen out.

Therefore, this invention effectively prevents concrete leakage by sequentially implementing the following steps: negative water pressure surface leakage point location step S10, positive water pressure surface construction range delineation step S20, drilling step S30, grouting step S40, and confirmation step S50. It also features short construction period, simple construction, and low cost, thus realizing an effective concrete waterproofing repair method.

In this embodiment, referring to Figures 4 and 5, the concrete leakage prevention structure formed by the repair method is applicable to a concrete structure having a structural layer 10. In this embodiment, the concrete is exemplified as a roof, but is not limited thereto. The concrete leakage prevention structure includes a waterproof layer 20, a protective layer 30, and a waterproof material 40, wherein:

The waterproof layer 20 is disposed on the surface of the structural layer 10 and has a first waterproof surface 21 forming a first gap space A with the surface of the structural layer 10, a second waterproof surface 22 opposite to the first waterproof surface 21, a first crack 23 penetrating the second waterproof surface 22 and the first waterproof surface 21 and communicating with the first gap space A, and a first injection hole segment 24.

The protective layer 30 is disposed on the second waterproof surface 22 of the waterproof layer 20, and has a first protective layer surface 31 forming a second gap space B with the second waterproof surface 22 of the waterproof layer 20, a second protective layer surface 32 opposite to the first protective layer surface 31, a second crack 33 penetrating the second protective layer surface 32 and the first protective layer surface 31 and communicating with the second gap space B, and a second injection hole section 34, wherein the second gap space B communicates with the first crack 23 and the first injection hole section 24, and the second injection hole section 34 corresponds to the first injection hole section 24.

The waterproof material 40 fills the first gap space A, the first crack 23, the first injection hole section 24, the second gap space B, the second crack 33, and the second injection hole section 34.

In this embodiment, the structural layer 10 has a structural crack 11 communicating with the first gap space A, and the waterproof material 40 fills the structural crack 11. The structural layer 10 also has an injection groove 12 communicating with the first gap space A and corresponding to the second injection hole segment 34. The depth of the injection groove 12 is preferably two-thirds of the thickness of the structural layer 10, but is not limited thereto. The waterproof material 40 fills the injection groove 12. At the same time, the waterproof material 40 forms a first waterproof material layer 41 in the first gap space A and a second waterproof material layer 42 in the second gap space B.

Accordingly, since the present invention allows the injection hole to reach the structural layer directly, the waterproof material can not only effectively fill the cracks in the structural layer, but also form a new waterproof material layer in the gap between the structural layer and the waterproof layer. The new waterproof material layer adheres tightly to the old waterproof layer, thus further enhancing the waterproof effect and improving the overall durability of the waterproof layer.

Furthermore, compared to traditional removal methods, this invention does not require large machinery, significantly shortens construction time, and effectively reduces risks during construction. Therefore, this invention simplifies the construction process, reduces the input of manpower and machinery, and avoids the large-scale removal of old waterproofing and protective layers. Through localized treatment, it not only improves the waterproofing effect but also saves construction time and costs.

S10: Leakage point location steps for negative water pressure surface S20: Construction scope delineation steps for positive water pressure surface S30: Drilling steps S40: Grouting steps S50: Confirmation steps 10: Structural layer 11: Structural crack 12: Grouting groove 20: Waterproof layer 21: First waterproof surface 22: Second waterproof surface 23: First crack 24: First grouting hole section 30: Protective layer 31: First protective layer surface 32: Second protective layer surface 33: Second crack 34: Second grouting hole section 40: Waterproof material 41: First waterproof material layer 42: Second waterproof material layer P1: Leakage point P2: Center point P3: Drilling point H: Grouting hole A: First gap space B: Second gap space

Figure 1 is a construction flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a construction schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, showing the status of the negative water pressure surface leakage point location step and the positive water pressure surface construction range delineation step; Figure 3 is a construction schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, showing the status of the drilling step; Figure 4 is a construction schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, showing the first status of the grouting step and the confirmation step; and Figure 5 is a construction schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, showing the second status of the grouting step and the confirmation step.

S10: Steps for locating leaks on negative pressure surfaces

S20: Steps for Delineating the Construction Scope of Positive Hydraulic Surface

S30: Drilling Steps

S40: Infusion Procedure

S50: Confirmation Steps

Claims (10)

A method for repairing concrete leaks includes, in sequence: Locating the leak point on the negative water pressure surface: pinpointing the leak point in the concrete; Delineating the construction area on the positive water pressure surface: establishing a center point for drilling around the leak point on the positive water pressure surface, and then marking out a plurality of drilling points around this center point; Drilling: drilling at each drilling point to create a plurality of injection holes, each injection hole extending from the positive water pressure surface to the negative water pressure surface. The water pressure surface penetrates the protective layer, waterproof layer, and structural layer of the concrete, but not the structural layer; the grouting step: grouting waterproof material into one of the grouting holes that has not been grouted; and the confirmation step: confirming whether the waterproof material has seeped out of the leak point; if the waterproof material has seeped out of the leak point, the repair method for preventing concrete leakage is completed; if the waterproof material has not seeped out of the leak point, the grouting step is performed. The repair method for preventing concrete leakage as described in claim 1, wherein the depth of the grouting hole on the structural layer of the concrete is two-thirds of the thickness of the structural layer. The repair method for preventing concrete leakage as described in claim 1, wherein each of the injection holes is within a radius of 150 cm to 300 cm with the center point of the drill hole as the center. The repair method for preventing concrete leakage as described in claim 3, wherein the spacing between each of the injection holes is between 10 cm and 100 cm. As described in claim 1, in the method for repairing concrete leakage, in the confirmation step, after the waterproofing material has seeped out at the leakage point, it is simultaneously confirmed whether the waterproofing material has seeped out of other unfilled injection holes; if the waterproofing material has seeped out of the unfilled injection hole, it is not necessary to fill it with waterproofing material; if the waterproofing material has not seeped out of the unfilled injection hole, the waterproofing material is filled into the injection hole where the waterproofing material has not seeped out. A structure for preventing concrete leakage is applicable to a concrete having a structural layer. The structure includes: a waterproof layer disposed on the surface of the structural layer, having a first waterproof surface forming a first gap space with the surface of the structural layer; a second waterproof surface opposite to the first waterproof surface; a first crack penetrating the second waterproof surface and the first waterproof surface and communicating with the first gap space; and a first injection hole segment; a protective layer disposed on the second waterproof surface of the waterproof layer, having a protective layer that is adjacent to the second waterproof surface of the waterproof layer. The second waterproof surface of the water layer forms a first protective layer surface with a second gap space, a second protective layer surface opposite to the first protective layer surface, and a second injection hole segment penetrating the second protective layer surface and the first protective layer surface and communicating with the second gap space, wherein the second gap space communicates with the first crack and the first injection hole segment, and the second injection hole segment corresponds to the first injection hole segment; and a waterproof material fills the first gap space, the first crack, the first injection hole segment, the second gap space, and the second injection hole segment. The structure for preventing concrete leakage as described in claim 6, wherein the structural layer has a structural crack communicating with the first gap space, and the waterproof material fills the structural crack. The structure for preventing concrete leakage as described in claim 6, wherein the structural layer has a grouting groove communicating with the first gap space and corresponding to the second grouting hole section, and the waterproof material is filled in the grouting groove. The structure for preventing concrete leakage as described in claim 8, wherein the protective layer further has a second crack penetrating the second protective layer surface and the first protective layer surface and communicating with the second gap space, and the waterproof material is further filled in the second crack; the depth of the grouting groove of the structural layer is two-thirds of the thickness of the structural layer. The structure for preventing concrete leakage as described in claim 6, wherein the waterproof material forms a first waterproof material layer in the first gap space and a second waterproof material layer in the second gap space.