TWI890023B - Fire extinguishing cladding - Google Patents

Abstract

A fire-extinguishing cladding material comprises a heat-resistant non-combustible layer and a fire-extinguishing layer disposed on the heat-resistant non-combustible layer. The fire-extinguishing layer comprises a porous substrate and a fire-extinguishing component disposed on the porous substrate. The fire-extinguishing component comprises a fire-extinguishing material capable of producing at least one flame retardant substance when exposed to heat, and an adhesive for adhering the fire-extinguishing material to the porous substrate. The present invention also provides another fire-extinguishing cladding material comprising a heat-resistant non-combustible layer and a fire-extinguishing layer adhered to the heat-resistant non-combustible layer. The fire-extinguishing layer comprises a fire-extinguishing material and an adhesive. The present invention also provides another fire-extinguishing cladding material comprising a heat-resistant non-combustible layer, a fire-extinguishing layer disposed on the heat-resistant non-combustible layer, and a barrier layer disposed on the fire-extinguishing layer. The fire-extinguishing layer is composed of a fire-extinguishing material. The fire-extinguishing material enables the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention to help quickly extinguish a fire when applied to a burning object.

Description

Fire extinguishing cladding materials

The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing tool, and more particularly to a fire extinguishing cladding material.

When fires occur, water is often used to extinguish them. However, while water is inexpensive and readily available, the increasing severity of global warming and climate change has led to droughts in many countries, resulting in water shortages and negatively impacting firefighting efforts. Furthermore, because water moves, it can make roads slippery and dirty, causing inconvenience for road users and making cleanup difficult. Furthermore, with growing environmental awareness, electric vehicles are becoming a popular mode of transportation. However, while electric vehicles are more environmentally friendly, extinguishing a fire requires several times the time and water required for fuel-powered vehicles, resulting in both time-consuming and water-intensive operations.

To address these issues, the industry has developed an airtight fire blanket made of heat-resistant, non-flammable fiberglass. When placed over a burning object, the blanket isolates the burning object from the surrounding oxygen, while simultaneously burning away the oxygen trapped within the burning object, effectively extinguishing the fire. While this blanket avoids these issues, it still takes too long to extinguish a fire, and is heavy and difficult to carry or fold, making it inconvenient to store.

Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing cladding material that can overcome at least one disadvantage of the prior art.

Therefore, the fire-extinguishing coating material of the present invention includes a fire-extinguishing layer and a heat-resistant non-combustible layer. The fire-extinguishing layer includes a porous carrier and a fire-extinguishing component. The porous carrier includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other. The fire-extinguishing component is arranged on the porous carrier and includes at least one fire-extinguishing material capable of generating at least one flame retardant substance when exposed to heat, and at least one adhesive for adhering the fire-extinguishing material to the porous carrier. The flame retardant substance is selected from non-combustible gases, halogen ions, or alkaline metal ions. The heat-resistant non-combustible layer is arranged on the first surface of the porous carrier of the fire-extinguishing layer.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing cladding material that can overcome at least one disadvantage of the prior art.

The fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention comprises a heat-resistant, non-combustible layer and a fire-extinguishing layer. The fire-extinguishing layer is adhered to the surface of the heat-resistant, non-combustible layer and includes at least one fire-extinguishing material capable of generating at least one flame retardant upon exposure to heat, and at least one adhesive for adhering the fire-extinguishing material to the heat-resistant, non-combustible layer. The flame retardant is selected from non-combustible gases, halogen ions, or alkaline metal ions.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing cladding material that can overcome at least one disadvantage of the prior art.

Therefore, the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention comprises a heat-resistant, non-combustible layer, a fire-extinguishing layer, and a barrier layer. The fire-extinguishing layer is disposed on the surface of the heat-resistant, non-combustible layer and is composed of at least one fire-extinguishing material capable of generating at least one flame-retardant substance when exposed to heat. The flame-retardant substance is selected from non-combustible gases, halogen ions, or alkaline metal ions. The barrier layer is disposed on the fire-extinguishing layer and is used to prevent the fire-extinguishing material from falling off the fire-extinguishing cladding material.

The effectiveness of the present invention lies in that the fire extinguishing covering material is applied to the burning object to isolate the burning object from contact with external oxygen. At the same time, the flame retardant generated by the fire extinguishing material when heated prevents the internal oxygen after the burning object is covered from contacting the burning object or interrupts the chain reaction of combustion, so that the fire extinguishing covering material of the present invention can help to quickly extinguish the fire.

Before the present invention is described in detail, it should be noted that similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals in the following description.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a first embodiment of the fire extinguishing cladding material of the present invention includes a fire extinguishing layer 1 and a heat-resistant non-combustible layer 2 .

In some embodiments of the present invention, the fire extinguishing covering material is in the form of a fire blanket, a fire extinguishing cover, or a fire extinguishing cloth.

The fire extinguishing layer 1 includes a porous substrate 11 and a fire extinguishing component 10.

The porous carrier 11 is used to support the fire extinguishing component 10 and includes a first surface 111 and a second surface 112 disposed opposite each other. The porous carrier 11 may be made of, but not limited to, a porous nonwoven fabric, a porous woven fabric, a porous foam, or a porous polymer film. The porous polymer film may be, but not limited to, a porous polyethylene terephthalate film, a porous polypropylene film, or a porous polyethylene film.

The fire extinguishing component 10 is disposed on the porous substrate 11 and includes at least one fire extinguishing material 12 capable of generating at least one flame retardant upon exposure to heat, and at least one adhesive 13 for adhering the fire extinguishing material 12 to the porous substrate 11. The flame retardant is selected from a non-combustible gas, a halogen ion, or an alkaline metal ion. Examples of the non-combustible gas include, but are not limited to, carbon dioxide or nitrogen. Examples of the halogen ions include, but are not limited to, chloride ions or bromide ions. Examples of the alkaline metal ions include, but are not limited to, potassium ions or sodium ions. The fire extinguishing material 12 includes at least one fire extinguishing component, such as, but not limited to, a chemical reaction product of potassium bicarbonate and urea, an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal bicarbonate, a halide, an ammonium phosphate, a potassium salt, or an alkali metal chloride. In some embodiments of the present invention, the fire extinguishing component is selected from alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates, a halide, an ammonium phosphate, or an alkali metal chloride. The alkali metal carbonate and the alkali metal bicarbonate can generate carbon dioxide when heated. The halides generate halogen ions when heated, while the alkaline metal chlorides generate alkaline metal ions when heated. These react with H and OH species generated during the flame combustion reaction, inhibiting and interrupting the combustion chain reaction. The ammonium phosphates generate phosphoric acid and ammonia when heated, and the ammonia reacts with OH species generated during the flame combustion reaction, reducing the free radicals produced _by the combustion reaction and thereby slowing the combustion reaction rate. Phosphoric acid continuously absorbs heat and reacts to produce _{P₄O₁₁₁₁} and _H₂O , achieving a cooling effect. Examples of alkaline metal carbonates include, but are not limited to, potassium carbonate. Examples of the alkaline metal bicarbonate include, but are not limited to, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. Examples of the halide include, but are not limited to, methyl bromide or hydrogen bromide. Examples of the ammonium phosphate include, but are not limited to, diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate. Examples of the potassium salt include, but are not limited to, potassium sulfate. Examples of the alkaline metal chloride include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride or potassium chloride. The adhesive 13 may be any conventional adhesive, and will not be described in detail. Examples of the fire extinguishing material 12 include, but are not limited to, ABC dry powder, BC dry powder, KBC dry powder, XBC dry powder, potassium sulfate dry powder (XBC-SO), potassium chloride dry powder (XBC-CL), XBC-Monnex, or D dry powder.

The fire extinguishing layer 1 is formed by, for example, immersing the porous carrier 11 in a fire extinguishing composition comprising the fire extinguishing material 12, an adhesive 13, and a solvent, and then performing a drying process.

The heat-resistant, non-combustible layer 2 is disposed on the first surface 111 of the porous carrier 11 of the fire-extinguishing layer 1. The heat-resistant, non-combustible layer 2 may be, for example, but not limited to, a poly(m-phenylene-m-phthalate) fiber layer, a glass fiber layer, a ceramic layer, or a glass fiber-ceramic layer. In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat-resistant, non-combustible layer 2 is a poly(m-phenylene-m-phthalate) fiber layer, a glass fiber layer, a ceramic layer, or a glass fiber-ceramic layer.

Referring to Figure 2, a second embodiment of the fire-extinguishing coating material of the present invention is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that in the second embodiment, the heat-resistant non-combustible layer 2 includes a heat-resistant non-combustible sheet 21 disposed on the first surface 111 of the porous carrier 11 of the fire-extinguishing layer 1, and a substrate 22 disposed on the heat-resistant non-combustible sheet 21.

The heat-resistant non-combustible sheet 21 is, for example but not limited to, a poly(m-phenylene-m-phthalate) fiber sheet, a ceramic sheet, a glass fiber sheet, or a glass fiber ceramic sheet. In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat-resistant non-combustible sheet 21 is a poly(m-phenylene-m-phthalate) fiber sheet, a ceramic sheet, a glass fiber sheet, or a glass fiber ceramic sheet.

The substrate 22 is, for example, but not limited to, a protective film, a woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric. In some embodiments of the present invention, the substrate 22 is a protective film, a woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric. The substrate 22 is, for example, but not limited to, a polyethylene terephthalate flame retardant non-woven fabric.

Referring to FIG. 3 , a third embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention is substantially the same as the first or second embodiment, except that the third embodiment further includes a barrier layer 3. The barrier layer 3 is disposed on the second surface 112 of the porous carrier 11 of the fire-extinguishing layer 1 and is used to prevent the fire-extinguishing material 12 from falling off the fire-extinguishing cladding material.

The barrier layer 3 may be, for example, but not limited to, a protective film, flame-retardant fabric, or flame-retardant nonwoven fabric. In some embodiments of the present invention, the barrier layer 3 includes a flame retardant and fibers. Conventional flame retardants can be used as the flame retardant and are not described here. The fibers may be, for example, but not limited to, polyethylene fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, poly(m-phenylene-m-phthalate) fibers, or polyvinyl chloride fibers. The polyester fibers may be, for example, but not limited to, polyethylene terephthalate fibers.

Referring to Figure 4 , a fourth embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention comprises a fire-extinguishing layer 1 and a heat-resistant, non-combustible layer 2. The fire-extinguishing layer 1 is adhered to the surface of the heat-resistant, non-combustible layer 2 and includes at least one fire-extinguishing material 12 capable of generating at least one flame retardant upon exposure to heat, and at least one adhesive 13 for adhering the fire-extinguishing material 12 to the heat-resistant, non-combustible layer 2. The flame retardant is selected from non-combustible gases, halogen ions, or alkaline metal ions.

The fire extinguishing material 12, the adhesive 13, and the heat-resistant non-combustible layer 2 are similar to those described in the first or second embodiments and are therefore not further described. The fire extinguishing layer can be formed, for example, by applying a fire extinguishing composition comprising the fire extinguishing material 12, the adhesive 13, and a solvent to the surface of the heat-resistant non-combustible layer 2 and then drying it. Alternatively, the surface of the heat-resistant non-combustible layer 2 can be immersed in the fire extinguishing composition and then dried.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a fifth embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention is substantially similar to the fourth embodiment, except that the fifth embodiment further includes a barrier layer 3. The barrier layer 3 is disposed on the fire-extinguishing layer 1 and is used to prevent the fire-extinguishing material 12 from falling off the fire-extinguishing cladding material. The barrier layer 3 is similar to the barrier layer 3 in the third embodiment and will not be further described.

Referring to FIG. 6 , a sixth embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention comprises a fire-extinguishing layer 1, a heat-resistant non-combustible layer 2, and a barrier layer 3. The fire-extinguishing layer 1 is disposed on the surface of the heat-resistant non-combustible layer 2 and is composed of at least one fire-extinguishing material 12 capable of generating at least one flame-retardant substance when exposed to heat. The barrier layer 3 is disposed on the fire-extinguishing layer 1 and is used to prevent the fire-extinguishing material 12 from falling from the fire-extinguishing cladding material. The fire-extinguishing material 12 and the heat-resistant non-combustible layer 2 are similar to those of the first or second embodiments, and therefore will not be further described. The barrier layer 3 is the same as the barrier layer 3 in the third embodiment, and therefore will not be described in detail.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. However, it should be understood that the embodiments are for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the implementation of the present invention.

Example 1

The fire-extinguishing cladding material of Example 1 is the same as that of the first embodiment described above. In Example 1, the fire-extinguishing cladding material has dimensions of 150 cm x 150 cm and a thickness of 10 mm. The fire-extinguishing layer 1 is 5 mm thick, wherein the porous carrier sheet 11 is 5 mm thick, and the fire-extinguishing component 10 comprises 80 wt% baking soda and 20 wt% flame-retardant acrylic resin (as an adhesive). The heat-resistant, non-combustible layer 2 is a glass fiber layer and is 5 mm thick.

Example 2

The fire-extinguishing cladding material of Example 2 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that in Example 2, the fire-extinguishing cladding material is the second embodiment described above. The heat-resistant non-combustible sheet 21 is a glass fiber sheet with a thickness of 5 mm. The base plate 22 is a polyethylene terephthalate flame-retardant nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 5 mm.

Example 3

The fire extinguishing coating material of Example 3 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that in Example 3, the fire extinguishing coating material is the third embodiment described above. The barrier layer 3 is a polyethylene terephthalate flame retardant nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 5 mm.

Example 4

The fire extinguishing cladding material of the fourth embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, except that in the fourth embodiment, the fire extinguishing cladding material is the fourth embodiment described above.

Example 5

The fire extinguishing coating material of Example 5 is substantially the same as that of Example 4, except that in Example 5, the fire extinguishing coating material is the fifth embodiment described above. The barrier layer 3 is a polyethylene terephthalate flame retardant nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 5 mm.

Example 6

The fire extinguishing cladding material of the sixth embodiment is substantially the same as that of the fifth embodiment, except that in the sixth embodiment, the fire extinguishing cladding material is the sixth embodiment.

Comparative example 1

The fire extinguishing cladding material of Comparative Example 1 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that in Comparative Example 1, the fire extinguishing cladding material does not include a fire extinguishing layer 1, and the thickness of the fire extinguishing cladding material is 5 mm.

Evaluation items

Fire Extinguishing Time Measurement: The fire extinguishing materials of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 were placed over 500 grams of burning material in a sealed container measuring 30 cm × 30 cm × 15 cm. The time it took for the fire to be extinguished was measured using a stopwatch. Simultaneously, the carbon dioxide concentration in the sealed container was measured, and the time required for the carbon dioxide concentration to rise from 500 ppm to 9999 ppm was recorded.

Table 1 Embodiment Comparative example 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Fire extinguishing time (seconds) 85 88 75 80 90 92 128 Time required for the carbon dioxide concentration to rise from 500ppm to 9999ppm (seconds) 75 77 70 73 77 78 107

As can be seen from the time required for the carbon dioxide concentration to rise in Table 1, the fire extinguishing cladding material of the present invention comprising the fire extinguishing layer 1 can quickly release carbon dioxide, thereby helping to quickly block the internal oxygen after covering the burning material from contacting the burning material or interrupting the chain reaction of combustion. Furthermore, as can be seen from the fire extinguishing time in Table 1, compared with the fire extinguishing cladding material of Comparative Example 1 having only the heat-resistant non-combustible layer 2, The fire extinguishing cladding material of the present invention is covered on the burning material and can isolate the burning material from contact with external oxygen. At the same time, the fire extinguishing material 12 of the fire extinguishing layer 1 generates a flame retardant when heated, thereby preventing the internal oxygen after covering the burning material from contacting the burning material or interrupting the chain reaction of combustion, so that the fire extinguishing cladding material of the present invention can help to quickly extinguish the fire.

However, the above description is merely an example of the present invention and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. All simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application and the content of the patent specification of the present invention are still within the scope of the present patent.

1. Fire extinguishing layer 11. Porous carrier 111. First surface 112. Second surface 10. Fire extinguishing component 12. Fire extinguishing material 13. Adhesive 2. Heat-resistant non-combustible layer 21. Heat-resistant non-combustible sheet 22. Substrate 3. Barrier layer

Other features and functions of the present invention are clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a side view of a first embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention; Figure 2 is a side view of a second embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention; Figure 3 is a side view of a third embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention; Figure 4 is a side view of a fourth embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention; Figure 5 is a side view of a fifth embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention; and Figure 6 is a side view of a sixth embodiment of the fire-extinguishing cladding material of the present invention.

1... Fire-extinguishing layer 11... Porous carrier 111... First surface 112... Second surface 10... Fire-extinguishing component 12... Fire-extinguishing material 13... Adhesive 2... Heat-resistant non-combustible layer

Claims (3)

A fire-extinguishing cladding material comprises: A heat-resistant, non-combustible layer; A fire-extinguishing layer disposed on the surface of the heat-resistant, non-combustible layer and composed of a fire-extinguishing material capable of generating at least one flame retardant when heated, wherein the flame retardant is selected from a non-combustible gas, a halogen ion, or an alkaline metal ion; and A barrier layer disposed on the fire-extinguishing layer and configured to prevent the fire-extinguishing material from falling off the fire-extinguishing cladding material. The fire extinguishing cladding material as described in claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing material comprises at least one fire extinguishing component, and the fire extinguishing component is selected from a chemical reaction product of potassium bicarbonate and urea, alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate, halide, potassium salt, ammonium phosphate or alkali metal chloride. The fire-extinguishing cladding material as described in claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant non-combustible layer includes a heat-resistant non-combustible sheet disposed on the fire-extinguishing layer, and a substrate disposed on the heat-resistant non-combustible sheet.