TWI885362B - Inorganic culture soil - Google Patents

Abstract

[Topic] To provide an inorganic culture soil that can prevent unexpected organisms from mixing in and whose plant growth is not inferior to that of culture soil for cultivation. [Solution] The inorganic culture soil of the present invention contains: acid extract granules of acidic clay and porous inorganic granules; the acid extract granules and the porous inorganic granules are not integrated. In addition, the particle size of the porous inorganic granules based on JIS Z8815-1994 can also be 0.30 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less.

Description

Inorganic culture soil

Invention Field

The present invention relates to inorganic culture soil.

Invention background

Acid clay is a type of clay that is mainly composed of montmorillonite clay with a three-layer structure of silica-alumina-silica and soluble silicic acid. The activated clay obtained by treating the acid clay with acid to remove some of its components is used as an adsorbent, a catalyst in the petroleum refining step, etc. On the other hand, the acid extract removed from the acid clay is basically treated as unnecessary industrial waste.

Regarding this kind of industrial waste extracted from acid clay, some people have tried to spread it in the soil for the purpose of preventing flying sand (for example, non-patent document 1). In addition, in patent document 1, someone proposed a calcined body for the purpose of using it as a roof greening material, which is obtained by using this extract extracted from acid clay as an inorganic binder and calcining it together with a glass foam.

[Prior technical literature]

[Patent Literature]

Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-516683

[Non-patent literature]

Non-patent document 1: "Development of a measure to prevent flying sand using soil improvement materials made of industrial waste" Bulletin of Niigata Institute of Technology, December 1998, No. 3, pp. 89-96

Summary of invention

However, in general, for the import and export of plant seedlings, the soil attached to the plants must be removed for plant quarantine. In addition, in order to prevent the mixing of unexpected organisms, specific planting materials such as peat moss must be used for plant seedlings. However, if this planting material is used for plant growth, the growth of the plant is not sufficient compared to the general commercial cultivation culture soil. Therefore, plants have always been germinated and cultivated through cultivation culture soil, and for import and export, an operation of removing the culture soil and covering the roots with planting materials is required. If there is an artificial culture soil that can be used for import and export, and the growth of plants is not inferior to commercial cultivation culture soil, the above-mentioned operation of removing the culture soil and planting materials will not be necessary.

Furthermore, even in the cultivation of crops in plant factories or in the indoor cultivation of foliage plants, unexpected organisms can be prevented from being mixed in, and the growth of plants is not inferior to that of commercially available cultivation soils, so such cultivation soils will be very useful.

Accordingly, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an inorganic culture soil that can prevent unexpected organisms from mixing in and whose plant growth is not inferior to that of culture soil for cultivation.

The inventors of this case have conducted careful research to achieve the above purpose, and found that if the acid extract removed from the acidic white clay is made into granules, the plant growth is good. On the other hand, the acid extract is clay, and when it is subjected to pressure, the granules are easily integrated, facing the problem of not being able to be used as culture soil. That is, if the acid extract is packed in bags and stacked for transportation and storage, the acid extract will easily become lumps. Therefore, if the acid extract is to be used as culture soil, it must be granulated again, so it is not practical to use it as culture soil.

In response to this, the inventors of this case found that by mixing porous inorganic granules with granules of acid extract removed from acidic white clay, the acid extract can be kept in granular form, and the obtained mixture can be used as culture soil. The growth of plants in this culture soil is not inferior to that of culture soil for cultivation, and thus the present invention was completed.

The main points of the present invention are as follows.

[1] An inorganic culture soil comprising: acid extract granules of acidic clay and porous inorganic granules; the acid extract granules and the porous inorganic granules are not integrated.

[2] The inorganic culture soil as described in [1], wherein the porous inorganic granular material contains one or more selected from the group consisting of inorganic foam granular materials, layered inorganic granular materials, and porous silica granular materials.

[3] The inorganic culture soil as described in [1] or [2], wherein the porous inorganic granular material contains glass foam granular material.

[4] The inorganic culture soil as described in any one of [1] to [3], wherein the particle size of the porous inorganic granular material is greater than 0.30 mm and less than 8.0 mm based on JIS Z8815-1994.

[5] The inorganic culture soil as described in any one of [1] to [4], wherein the content of the acid extract granules relative to the porous inorganic granules is 10 mass % or more and 1000 mass % or less.

[6] The inorganic culture soil described in any one of [1] to [5] is a seedling culture soil.

[7] Inorganic culture soil as described in any one of [1] to [6], which is used for the import and export of plants.

Figure 1 is a photographic image showing the results of a cultivation test using the inorganic culture soil of Example 1.

Figure 2 is a photo image showing the results of the cultivation test using the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 3.

Figure 3 is a photo image showing the results of the cultivation test using the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 5.

Figure 4 is a photo image showing the results of the cultivation test using the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 7.

Implementation form of the present invention

The form used to implement the invention

The following is a detailed description of the appropriate implementation form of the inorganic culture soil of the present invention.

The inorganic culture soil of this embodiment contains: acid extract granules of acidic white clay and porous inorganic granules. The following is a detailed description of each component.

First, the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment contains: acid extract granules of acid clay. Acid clay is a kind of clay, which has montmorillonite clay with a three-layer structure of silica-alumina-silicon oxide and soluble silicic acid as main components. Montmorillonite is represented by Al ₂ O ₃ ‧4SiO ₂ ‧H ₂ O‧nH ₂ O, and acid clay is a montmorillonite after part of Al is replaced by alkali and alkaline earth ions.

Then, the acid extract of acid clay is a clay mineral produced when the activated clay is made from acid clay. Specifically, the acid extract can be obtained by treating the acid clay with acid to obtain a treated liquid (filtrate), and the treated liquid is neutralized to obtain the acid extract. The acid extract of acid clay is rich in the saline components (such as Al, Mg, Fe, Ca, etc.) in the acid clay, which will act as a nutrient component for plants in inorganic culture soil. In addition, the acid extract of acid clay is excellent in water retention.

Furthermore, the acid extract of acidic white clay contained in the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment is of course in granular form. In this way, the acid extract of acidic white clay is in granular form, so that the roots of plants can easily spread in the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment, thereby promoting plant germination and growth.

Furthermore, acid extracts of acid clay are generally industrial waste generated when manufacturing activated clay. This use of industrial waste is very meaningful from the perspective of environmental load and recycling.

However, the acid extract of acid clay is clay, and when it is subjected to pressure, the granules tend to be integrated, and cannot be used as culture soil alone. That is, if the acid extract of acid clay is packed in bags and stacked for transportation and storage, the particles of the acid extract will be pressed together and easily become large lumps. If it is to be used as culture soil, it must be granulated again. However, by using the acid extract granules of acid clay together with the inorganic porous granules described later, it is possible to appropriately prevent the pressure bonding and lumping of the particles of the acid extract granules of acid clay.

The particle size of the acid extract granules of acid clay is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, the same as or less than that of the inorganic porous granules. Specifically, based on JIS Z8815-1994, it can be, for example, 0.050 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, preferably 0.10 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. In addition, as described above, the acid extract granules of acid clay are easily deformed because they are clay, so if they are granular, the particle size is not particularly limited.

Furthermore, as described above, the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment contains porous inorganic granules in addition to the acid extract granules of acid clay. The porous inorganic granules are excellent in water retention because they are porous. In addition, since the porous inorganic granules are inorganic, they can also prevent unexpected organisms from mixing in. Moreover, the porous inorganic granules act as a buffer between the acid extract granules of the acid clay, inhibiting the deformation of the acid extract granules, the pressurized bonding of the particles, and the increase in particle size.

Such porous inorganic granular materials are not particularly limited, but examples thereof include: glass foam, obsidian pearl stone, perlite pearl stone, pumice sand (such as Kanuma soil, Hyuga soil, Ebisu sand, etc.), inorganic foam granular materials such as vermiculite, porous silica, porous silica granular materials such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite, granular calcite, etc., and any one of these materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Among the above, the porous inorganic granules preferably contain one or more selected from the group consisting of inorganic foam granules, layered inorganic granules, and porous silica granules, preferably contain glass foam and/or diatomaceous earth, and more preferably contain glass foam. In this way, the inorganic culture soil can be given appropriate water retention and air permeability.

In particular, the bulk density of the glass foam particles is suitable, and they will not float in the water even when the inorganic culture soil is watered, and as a result, the separation of the glass foam particles and the acid extract particles of the acid clay can be appropriately prevented during watering. In addition, the glass foam particles are excellent in light scattering, and when the plants are planted in the inorganic culture soil and illuminated, the light diffused in the inorganic culture soil will be irradiated toward the plants. As a result, the inorganic culture soil using the glass foam particles can further promote the photosynthesis of the plants and further promote the growth of the plants.

In addition, glass foam particles can be produced from various glass wastes and scraps during manufacturing, such as glass bottles or glass tableware, glass for lighting, glass for ships and vehicles such as automobiles, building materials, and solar battery materials. Utilizing such waste and scraps is very meaningful from the perspective of environmental load and recycling.

The particle size of the porous inorganic granular material is not particularly limited based on JIS Z8815-1994, for example, it is 0.30 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less, preferably 0.50 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less, and preferably 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. The particle size of the porous inorganic granular material is below the upper limit value, thereby more reliably preventing the seeds of the plant from accidentally falling into the depth of the inorganic culture soil during sowing. In addition, the particle size of the porous inorganic granular material is below the upper limit value, thereby making it easier for water and the inorganic culture soil to become compatible during watering. In addition, the particle size of the porous inorganic granular material is above the lower limit value, thereby appropriately preventing the inorganic culture soil from becoming solid due to watering.

In addition, regarding the acid extract granules and porous inorganic granules of the acidic clay described above, the content of the acid extract granules relative to the porous inorganic granules is not particularly limited, for example, it is 10% by mass or more and 1000% by mass or less, preferably 50% by mass or more and 500% by mass or less, and more preferably 70% by mass or more and 150% by mass or less. In this way, the effects of both the acid extract granules and the porous inorganic granules of the acidic clay can be fully combined. In addition, if the content of the acid extract granules relative to the porous inorganic granules is below the above upper limit, it is possible to further prevent the acid extract granules from contacting each other and deforming and integrating, and it is easier to keep the acid extract granules in a granular state.

Furthermore, in the inorganic culture soil of the above-mentioned embodiment, the acid extract of the acidic clay and the porous inorganic granules are in granular form respectively, and therefore are not integrated. For example, when the acid extract of the acidic clay and the porous inorganic granules are integrated by calcination, etc., their respective functions cannot be fully exerted, the effect of the present invention cannot be fully achieved, and plant growth cannot be fully promoted.

In addition, the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment is basically composed of inorganic substances, but it may also partially contain organic substances, such as various organic materials.

However, the organic content of the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment should be less than 10% by mass, preferably less than 5.0% by mass. In particular, the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment should be essentially composed of inorganic substances, preferably only composed of inorganic substances.

The inorganic culture soil of the present embodiment described above can be obtained by mixing the acid extract granules of acidic clay, porous inorganic granules, and other components as needed.

In addition, the acid extract of acid clay can be commercially available or can be appropriately manufactured from acid clay. In the latter case, it can be obtained by subjecting the acid clay to acid treatment and neutralizing the extract. As for the acid, inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid can be used. In addition, the conditions for acid treatment can be defined as: through an acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 10-60 mass % and at, for example, 60-120°C for 2-72 hours. In addition, the extract can be neutralized by mixing a known inorganic salt, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and other alkali metal compounds, alkali earth metal compounds, etc., with the extract to neutralize it.

As described above, according to the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment, the acid extract of acidic white clay is used as a granular material, thereby making it easier for plant roots to grow in the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment. At the same time, the nutrients and water retention of the acid extract granules can be fully utilized to promote plant germination and growth.

Furthermore, porous inorganic granules are used as a buffer between the acid extract granules of the acid clay, thereby suppressing the deformation of the acid extract granules, the pressurized bonding of the particles, and the increase in particle size. In addition, porous inorganic granules are suitable as a culture soil component because of their excellent water retention.

The effects of the acid extract granules of the above acidic white clay and the porous inorganic granules are multiplied, and the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment is not inferior to the culture soil for cultivation in terms of plant growth.

Furthermore, whether it is the acid extract granules of acidic clay or the porous inorganic granules, the possibility of mixing with organisms is extremely low, and the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment can be appropriately used at the entrance and exit of plants (such as plant seedlings, etc.), crop cultivation in plant factories, or indoor cultivation of foliage plants. In particular, in terms of the entrance and exit of plants, from the perspective of preventing the mixing of organisms, it is necessary to remove the culture soil and replace it with planting materials, and the planting materials are strictly restricted. However, the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment can be used at the entrance and exit of plants without replacing it with planting materials.

In addition, the inorganic culture soil of this embodiment can be, for example, culture soil for seedling cultivation, culture soil for cultivation, and is particularly suitable for seedling cultivation.

The above is a detailed description of the present invention based on appropriate implementation forms, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and each component can be replaced with any component that can perform the same function, or any component can be added.

[Implementation example]

The present invention is described in more detail below through examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

1. Prepare the culture soil

(Implementation Example 1)

The acid extract granules of acidic white clay (Galleonite HK, manufactured by Shui Ze Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) that have been pre-micronized to a particle size of 1-3 mm and the glass foam granules (manufactured by Porous Infinity Inc.) with a particle size of 1-3 mm are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain the inorganic culture soil of Example 1.

(Examples 2 to 6)

The glass foam granules used, and the mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the acid extract granules of acidic clay and the glass foam granules were changed as shown in Table 1. Other than that, the inorganic culture soils of Examples 2 to 6 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

(Comparative Examples 1~4)

The commercially available culture soil shown in Table 1 was used as the culture soil for Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

(Comparative Examples 5 and 6)

The glass foam granules in Table 1 are directly used as the inorganic culture soil in Comparative Examples 5 and 6.

(Comparative Example 7)

The acid extract granules of acid clay (Galleonite HK, manufactured by Shui Ze Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and the glass foam granules with a particle size of 1~3mm (manufactured by Porous Infinity Inc.) were mixed and kneaded at a weight ratio of 1:2, and then passed through a disc rotor type granulator to obtain a pellet with an extrusion diameter of 10mm and a length of 6mm. It was calcined at 800℃ for 50 minutes to obtain a calcined body of the pellet.

Next, the calcined body of the agglomerate is crushed using a hammer or the like to obtain a particle size of 1 to 3 mm to obtain the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 7.

野菜

培養土)」，Akagiengei Co.,Ltd.製)，「PS2」表示：市售培養土(製品名「能種出美味蔬菜的培養土(

野菜

培養土)」，Takamura Co.,Ltd.(株式会社

)製)，「PS3」表示：市售育苗培養土(製品名「盆栽育苗土(

育苗培土)」，Komeri Co.,Ltd.製，「PS4」表示：市售人工培養土(製品名「可多次反覆使用的培養土Soil Again(繰

返

何度

使

培養土Soil Again)」，Nakajima Syouji Co,Ltd.製)。又，包含表1在內，在本實施例所記載的粒度全部都是基於JIS Z8815- 1994的粒度。 The above manufacturing conditions are summarized in Table 1. In Table 1, "AC" indicates: acid extract granules of acid clay (Galleonite HK, manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), "GF1" indicates: glass foam granules (product name: "Bioporous", manufactured by Porous Infinity Inc.), "GF2" indicates: glass foam granules (product name: "Bubglass" (manufactured by Porous Infinity Inc.) equivalent), "PS1" indicates: commercially available culture soil (product name "Flower and Vegetable Culture Soil (Flower

wild vegetables

"PS2" means commercially available culture soil (product name "Cultivation soil for growing delicious vegetables (

wild vegetables

Culture soil)", Takamura Co., Ltd.

)), "PS3" means: commercially available seedling cultivation soil (product name "potted seedling cultivation soil (

"PS4" means: commercially available artificial culture soil (product name "Reusable culture soil Soil Again (繰

return

How far

make

"Cultivation Soil Soil Again" manufactured by Nakajima Syouji Co., Ltd. In addition, all the particle sizes described in this embodiment including Table 1 are based on JIS Z8815-1994.

[Table 1]

2. Cultivation test

Cultivation tests were conducted using the inorganic culture soil of Examples 1 to 6 and the culture soil of Comparative Examples 1 to 7.

First, cut off the top of a 360ml plastic cup to use as a seedling pot. Measure and take 100cc of the inorganic culture soil of Examples 1 to 6 and the culture soil of Comparative Examples 1 to 7, put them into the prepared seedling pot, press the sprayer 20 times (about 0.4cc per press), spray water, cover it, and place it on a seedling heat pad with a surface temperature of about 25℃ for 24 hours.

Next, remove the lid, and dig 5 holes about 5mm deep without washing chopsticks, and place the komatsuna seeds in them. After that, cover the seeds with about 2mm~3mm of culture soil, press the sprayer 5~6 times to spray water, and then close the lid to start cultivation. In addition, cut the bottom of a 500ml plastic bottle to use as a lid. In addition, exposure is carried out through sunlight. Take off the lid every morning, press the sprayer 3 times to spray water, and observe the germination and growth of the plants.

When observing the germination and growth of plants, the growth of cotyledons, main leaves (1st and 2nd leaves) and stems is mainly observed, and the following criteria are used to evaluate the growth of each at 25 days after sowing.

(cotyledon)

5: It can be confirmed that all cotyledons have germinated and grown to a width of more than 10mm

4: It can be confirmed that more than 50% of the cotyledons have germinated and grown to a width of more than 10mm

3: Cotyledons growing to a width of more than 10 mm can be confirmed

2: Grow cotyledons with a width of 8~10mm

1: Overall, the cotyledons are small (less than 8mm)

(Leaves 1 and 2)

5: It can be confirmed that all buds have leaves longer than 5mm

4: It can be confirmed that more than 50% of all buds have leaves longer than 5mm

3: The blade length can be confirmed to be more than 3mm

2: You can make a slight confirmation from between the cotyledons (leaf length 1~3mm)

1: The leaf is in a state that cannot be confirmed by the naked eye

(stem)

5: The confirmed state is that all buds have germinated and grown to a height of more than 30mm and the cotyledons are fully expanded (more than 10mm)

4: It can be confirmed that more than 50% of the buds have germinated and grown to a height of more than 30mm and the cotyledons are fully expanded (more than 10mm)

3: The state is that the height of all germinated stems reaches about 15mm

2: The state is 10~15mm in height (more than 50% of the sprouted buds)

1: The state is about to sprout (height below 5mm)

The total score was calculated based on the above evaluation, and the plant growth degree was evaluated for each culture soil. The results are listed in Table 1. In addition, in Figures 1 to 4, the photographic images of Example 1, Comparative Examples 3, 5, and 7 at 25 days after sowing are respectively shown.

As shown in Table 1, the inorganic culture soils of Examples 1 to 6 promote plant growth, and are not inferior to commercially available culture soils, i.e., the culture soils of Comparative Examples 1 to 4. For example, in the case where the inorganic culture soil of Example 1 is used as shown in FIG1, the growth of plants is not inferior to the case where the commercially available culture soil of Comparative Example 4 is used as shown in FIG2. Commercially available culture soils generally contain fertilizers, but the inorganic culture soils of Examples 1 to 6 do not contain fertilizers. From this point of view, the inorganic culture soils of Examples 1 to 6 can even save the addition of fertilizers. In addition, although the culture soil of Comparative Example 4 is commercially available inorganic culture soil, the growth of plants is not as good as that of the inorganic culture soils of Examples 1 to 6.

In addition, the inorganic culture soils of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 using only glass foam granules are not sufficient for plant growth compared to the inorganic culture soils of Examples 1 to 6. For example, the inorganic culture soil of Example 1 shown in FIG1 promotes plant growth compared to the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 5 shown in FIG3. In addition, the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 7 is equivalent to the calcined product described in Patent Document 1 and crushed. The comparison between the inorganic culture soil of Example 1 shown in FIG1 and the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 7 shown in FIG4 clearly shows that the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 7 is not good enough for plant growth compared with the inorganic culture soil of Examples 1 to 6.

In particular, regarding the growth of the first and second leaves and the stem, the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 7 is inferior to the inorganic culture soil of Examples 1 to 6. As far as plant growth is concerned, the growth of the leaves and stems is more important than the growth of the cotyledons that occur after germination. Based on this, it can be expected that the komatsuna cultivated in the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 7 will grow slower after the test in this case than the komatsuna cultivated in the inorganic culture soil of Examples 1 to 6. The reason for the difference between the inorganic culture soil of Examples 1 to 6 and the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 7 has not yet been determined, but it can be inferred that the acid extract of the acidic white clay in the inorganic culture soil of Comparative Example 7 is integrated with the glass foam and it is difficult for each to exist in the form of granules, and it is impossible to fully exert their respective characteristics.

3. Stack test

10L (6Kg) of the inorganic culture soil of Example 1 was bagged, and 6 bags were prepared. The prepared bags of inorganic culture soil were stacked in 6 layers and left for 1 week. After leaving, when the inorganic culture soil in the bottom bag was observed, the acid extract granules of the acid clay and the glass foam granules were not crushed, and both showed the same state as before the stacking test. Therefore, it was understood that the inorganic culture soil of the present invention can be transported, stored, etc., and can be used as culture soil. On the other hand, the inventors of this case conducted the same test on the acid extract granules of the acid clay, and confirmed that the acid extract granules of the acid clay in the bottom bag were crushed and formed large lumps.

(without)

Claims (7)

An inorganic culture soil, comprising: Acid extract granules of acidic clay, and porous inorganic granules; The acid extract granules and the porous inorganic granules are not integrated. The inorganic culture soil of claim 1, wherein the porous inorganic granules include at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic foam granules, layered inorganic granules, and porous silica granules. The inorganic culture soil of claim 1, wherein the porous inorganic granular material comprises glass foam granular material. The inorganic culture soil of claim 1, wherein the particle size of the porous inorganic granular material is 0.30 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less based on JIS Z8815-1994. The inorganic culture soil of claim 1, wherein the content of the acid extract granules relative to the porous inorganic granules is 10 mass % or more and 1000 mass % or less. The inorganic culture soil in claim 1 is seedling culture soil. Such as the inorganic culture soil in claim 1, which is used for the import and export of plants.