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TWI878378B - 裝飾性面板和由該面板組成的裝飾性地板覆蓋物 - Google Patents

裝飾性面板和由該面板組成的裝飾性地板覆蓋物 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI878378B
TWI878378B TW109139035A TW109139035A TWI878378B TW I878378 B TWI878378 B TW I878378B TW 109139035 A TW109139035 A TW 109139035A TW 109139035 A TW109139035 A TW 109139035A TW I878378 B TWI878378 B TW I878378B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
panel
tongue
downward
layer
upward
Prior art date
Application number
TW109139035A
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English (en)
Other versions
TW202118921A (zh
Inventor
艾迪 阿爾伯里克 布克
Original Assignee
比利時商Ｉ４Ｆ授權有限公司
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Publication of TW202118921A publication Critical patent/TW202118921A/zh
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Publication of TWI878378B publication Critical patent/TWI878378B/zh

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Abstract

一種裝飾性面板，特別是地板、天花板或牆板，包括：一芯層，其係具有一上側和一下側，一裝飾性頂層，其係連接至該芯層的上側，一第一面板側邊緣，其係包括一第一結合輪廓，以及一第二面板側邊緣，其係包括一第二結合輪廓，該第二結合輪廓被設計為在水平方向和垂直方向上與相同的第二面板的第一結合輪廓互連，其中該芯層包括至少一層泡沫混凝土，該泡沫混凝土係由其中存在氣室形式的氣穴的混凝土材料的基質構成。

Description

裝飾性面板和由該面板組成的裝飾性地板覆蓋物
本發明係關於一種面板，特別是一種裝飾性面板、地板、天花板或牆壁面板。本發明係關於一種由多個相互連接的面板組成的地板。
在裝飾性地板覆蓋物領域中，已知具有基於中密度板(Medium Density Board, MDF)或高密度板(HDF, High Density Board)的芯層的裝飾性面板，在該芯層上附接裝飾性基材以提供面板所期望的外觀。這些習知面板的主要缺點是芯層的吸濕性，這影響了這種面板的壽命和耐久性。由於這個原因，傳統的基於MDF/HDF的面板越來越多地被基於聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride, PVC)的面板所取代，該聚氯乙烯(PVC)面板的頂部亦設有裝飾性基材。相較基於MDF/HDF的面板，這些基於PVC的面板具有相對防水的優點。
然而，這些基於PVC的面板的缺點是耐溫性非常差，因此，如果這些面板暴露於熱源，例如：加熱散熱器或甚至是燈，則這些面板通常將容易變形(彎曲)。此外，基於MDF/HDF的面板和基於PVC的面板的共同的另一重要缺點是這些面板的可燃性。家具的易燃性值得關注，例如，香煙和蠟燭事故很容易引發家庭火災。
因此，在裝飾性地板領域中，普遍需要進一步開發裝飾性面板以克服上述缺點中的至少一個，且特別是開發一種相對防火的裝飾性面板。另外需要開發一種裝飾性面板，該裝飾性面板在常規使用期間受到溫度波動時具有改善的尺寸穩定性。
此外，考慮到它們的實際使用，一般要求面板在隔熱、吸音和抗壓強度方面應具有令人滿意的，且較佳係優良的性能。
在上述背景下，本發明的目的是部分或全部滿足上述一般需求。
本發明的上述目的透過提供一種裝飾性面板來實現，該裝飾性面板特別是地板、天花板或牆板，其包括： -     一芯層，其係具有一上側和一下側， -     一印刷裝飾性頂層，其係連接至該芯層的上側， -     一第一面板側邊緣，其係包括一第一結合輪廓，以及一第二面板側邊緣，其係包括一第二結合輪廓，該第二結合輪廓被設計為在水平方向和垂直方向上與相同的第二面板的第一結合輪廓互連， -     其中該芯層包括至少一層泡沫混凝土，該泡沫混凝土係由其中存在氣室(cell)形式的氣穴的混凝土材料的基質構成。
當用來作為根據本發明的面板中的芯層的一部分時，該泡沫混凝土層賦予面板一些優點，特別是： -導熱係數降低，且因此增加了熱絕緣 -足夠的抗壓強度 -重量相對較輕的面板 -足夠的吸音性能 -優良的耐火性 -面板具有足夠的尺寸穩定性，可抵抗凍結/解凍循環 -在使用木工工具切割和成型側邊緣方面具有良好的可加工性。
透過下面提出的一些較佳實施例，進一步增強了上面列出的優點。
關於根據本發明的面板的基本設計，較佳地，該面板係平坦的且具有矩形輪廓，其包括四個側邊緣。此外，較佳的是，在該面板中，該第一面板側邊緣和第二面板側邊緣係為該面板的相對側邊緣。
當透過互連多個這樣的面板來創建地板、天花板或牆壁覆蓋物時，這種類型的面板是最為實用的。
較佳地，在根據本發明的面板中， -     該泡沫混凝土中的氣室佔該泡沫混凝土總體積的60至85體積%，或者 -     該泡沫混凝土的密度係介於400至800 kg/m 3的範圍內。
這樣的面板有效地輕巧，且被證明實現了令人滿意的吸音和熱隔離。
在根據本發明的面板中，較佳的是，該等氣室用於一封閉氣室類型的主要部分，該主要部分較佳為所述氣室的至少80%，最佳為至少90%。
這樣的面板具有足夠的尺寸穩定性以抵抗凍結/解凍循環，因為從混凝土基體中蒸發並在封閉的氣室中冷凝的任何水合水不能與其他氣室中的水積聚。因此，在泡沫混凝土的任何單個氣室中的水含量保持較低，使得在凍結/解凍循環期間結構損壞的風險保持在最小。
此外，在根據本發明的面板中，該泡沫混凝土中的氣室的一主要部分的尺寸小到足以透過毛細作用吸收水。
已發現具有泡沫混凝土層且具有相對較小的氣室的這種面板具有良好的可加工性和抗壓強度。
泡沫混凝土也可以被稱為加氣混凝土，被稱為密蒸多孔混凝土(autoclaved cellular concrete, ACC)，被稱為充氣密蒸混凝土(aerated autoclaved concrete, AAC)，和/或被稱為密蒸輕質混凝土(autoclaved lightweight concrete, ALC)。
通常較佳的是，根據本發明的面板中的泡沫混凝土是透過在高溫和高壓下對混凝土材料進行密蒸處理(autoclaving)而獲得的。
事實證明，該密蒸處理混凝土材料的方法導致提供了一種泡沫混凝土材料，該泡沫混凝土材料非常適合用於面板的芯層。
關於在根據本發明的面板的泡沫混凝土層中形成基質的混凝土材料，較佳的是，該混凝土材料包括顆粒材料和作為黏結劑的一水泥的一混合物。
關於上述混凝土材料，特別較佳： •該水泥係鈣基的，即，包含氧化鈣和/或氫氧化鈣的礦物化合物，和/或矽酸鈣基的，即，包含氧化鈣和/或氫氧化鈣以及矽酸鹽的礦物化合物。 •該水泥係為矽酸鈣水合物礦物，例如：雪矽鈣石，即Ca 5Si 6O 16(OH) 2·4H 2O和/或Ca 5Si 6(O,OH) 18·5H 2O。 •該粒材料包括：包括沙、粉煤灰、飛灰、石灰和/或氧化鋁粉末。 •該粒材料包括：纖維素基顆粒，較佳為木質纖維素基顆粒，例如：木質顆粒。
在泡沫混凝土的生產過程中，將(仍未發泡的)混凝土混合併澆鑄成各種形式，發生了一些化學反應，賦予泡沫混凝土較輕的重量(通常為混凝土重量的20%)和熱性能。鋁粉與氫氧化鈣和水反應形成氫。氫氣發泡並使原始混合物的體積增加一倍，產生直徑最大達3毫米的氣泡。在發泡過程結束時，氫氣逸出到大氣中並被空氣取代。
此外較佳的是，包含在顆粒材料中的上述纖維素基顆粒的至少一部分由纖維形成。
可以包含在混凝土材料中的其他或替代的顆粒材料是所謂的水泥材料，包括磨碎的粒狀高爐礦渣、矽粉、天然火山灰、偏高嶺土和煅燒的頁岩或黏土。
木質顆粒形式的基於纖維素的顆粒可以是木粉、刨花、木絲和/或木片。除了木質之外，可以另一來源的使用天然纖維，例如：麻。
在一個較佳的實施方式中，該芯層包括至少一個加強層，例如：織物層、纖維素層，特別是紙層、碳纖維層和/或玻璃纖維層。該加強層可以是編織層或非編織層。在一個更佳的實施例中，該芯層包括至少兩個泡沫混凝土層，其中至少一個加強層位於兩個泡沫混凝土層之間。可以想到的是，至少一個加強層被整合在一個或多個泡沫混凝土層中和/或可以將泡沫混凝土層細分為兩個(虛擬)泡沫混凝土(子)層。可以想像，泡沫混凝土部分或全部滲透在加強層中形成的孔。
較佳地，在根據本發明的面板中，在該芯層中包括加強層。
該加強層進一步增強了面板的穩定性，以抵抗在面板的小表面積上的彎曲或突然撞擊。至少一個加強層較佳是非編織層或編織層，特別是例如由玻璃纖維製成的布，並且可以具有0.2-0.4 mm的厚度。加強層可以包括天然纖維，例如：黃麻，或者替代地，加強層包括合成纖維，特別是聚合物纖維，例如：尼龍纖維。
該加強層較佳地是具有實質上平行於該芯層的方向的平面的平面結構。
進一步較佳地，根據本發明的面板的芯層包含至少50重量%，較佳地在50重量%至90重量%之間的泡沫混凝土。此外，較佳的是，該芯層包含1至10重量%的加強層。
有利地，根據本發明的面板包括一防水層，其係位於該芯層與該頂層之間，較佳地其係以防水黏合劑的形式，將該頂層黏附到該芯層上。
如此一來，該面板的芯層被進一步保護免於受到存在於環境空氣中且可能經由頂層進入的濕氣的影響。該防水層可以是聚合物，或者是合成或天然樹脂。該防水黏合劑可以例如是兩成分膠(two-component glue)或熱熔黏合劑。
較佳地，在根據本發明的面板中，該頂層包括至少一層裝飾性層和至少一層覆蓋所述裝飾性層的透明耐磨層。
在這種情況下，合適的耐磨層具有高於攝氏100度的熔化溫度，並且較佳地由聚氨酯製成。
該裝飾性層將是可見的，並將用於為面板提供吸引人的外觀。為此，裝飾性層可以具有設計圖案，例如可以是木紋設計，類似於大理石、花崗岩或任何其他天然石紋的礦物紋設計，或者可以是顏色圖案，顏色混合或單色，此僅列舉一些設計可能性。
該裝飾性頂層較佳是印刷裝飾性頂層。這意味著，透過塗裝和/或(噴墨)印刷，特別是數位印刷來實現頂層的印刷裝飾性圖像。該裝飾性圖像可以直接列印在芯的頂部。但是，通常更佳的印刷裝飾性層包括基礎層或膜，特別是熱塑性基礎層或熱塑性膜，且裝飾性圖像印刷於其上。在印刷步驟之前或之後，將基層直接或間接地附接到芯，例如：透過熔合或黏合的方式。
該裝飾性頂層較佳僅覆蓋芯層的上側的至少一部分，芯的側壁和後表面較佳實質上沒有所述裝飾性頂層。
根據本發明的面板較佳地包括附接到該芯層的下側的背襯層。該背襯層在該芯層的下側具有保護和適應功能，尤其是當該面板被放置成與下面的表面接觸以形成地板、天花板或牆壁覆蓋物時。
該背襯層較佳係由例如彈性體的柔性材料製成。該背襯層的厚度通常在約0.1至2.5 mm之間變化。用於該背襯層的合適材料包括聚乙烯、軟木、聚氨酯和乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯。
此外，根據本發明的面板的厚度在3至10 mm之間，較佳地在4至8 mm之間，這使其最適合於其預期用途。
根據本發明的面板的芯層較佳具有至少3 mm，較佳至少4 mm，再更佳至少5 mm的厚度。
關於根據本發明的面板的結合輪廓，較佳地，該第一結合輪廓包括： •一向上舌部， •至少一個向上側翼，其與該向上舌部保持一定距離， •一向上凹槽，其係形成於該向上舌部和該向上側翼之間，其中該向上凹槽適於容納另一塊相同面板的第二結合輪廓的向下舌部的至少一部分，以及 •較佳地，至少一個第一鎖定元件，較佳地設置在該向上舌部的背離該向上側翼的一遠側， 且該第二結合輪廓包括： •一第一向下舌部， •至少一個第一向下側翼，其係與該向下舌部保持一定距離， •第一向下凹槽，其係形成於該向下舌部和該向下側翼之間，其中該向下凹槽適於容納相同的第二面板的第一結合輪廓的向上舌部的至少一部分，以及 •較佳地，至少一個第二鎖定元件，其係適於與相同的第二面板的第一鎖定元件共同作用，所述第二鎖定元件較佳地設置在該向下側翼。
較佳地，該第一鎖定元件包括凸起和/或凹口，並且其中該第二鎖定元件包括凸起和/或凹口。該凸起通常適於至少部分地容納在相鄰的結合面板的凹部中，以實現鎖定結合，較佳為一豎直鎖定結合。還可以想到的是，該第一鎖定元件和該第二鎖定元件不是透過凸起-凹口的組合而是透過共同作用的輪廓表面和/或高摩擦接觸表面的另一組合形成的。在該後一實施例中，該第一鎖定元件和該第二鎖定元件中的至少一個鎖定元件可以由(其他形狀的平面)接觸表面形成，該接觸表面由被配置為與處於接合(結合)狀態的另一個面板的另一鎖定件產生摩擦的，可選地分離的塑料材料構成。
在本發明的範圍內，該第一結合輪廓和該第二結合輪廓被構造成使得在結合狀態下存在預張力，該預張力使各個邊緣處的結合面板彼此相對，其中較佳地透過施加第一結合輪廓和第二結合輪廓的重疊輪廓，特別是向下舌部和向上凹槽的重疊輪廓和/或向上舌部和向下凹槽的重疊輪廓實施，且其中該第一結合輪廓和該第二結合輪廓為構造成使得可以透過向下折疊移動和/或垂直移動將兩個這樣的面板彼此連接，使得在結合狀態下，其中在結合狀態下，該第二結合部分的向下舌部的至少一部分插入該第一結合部分的向上凹槽中，使得該向下舌部被該第一結合部分夾緊和/或該向上舌部被該第二結合部分夾緊。
較佳地，該向上舌部的面向該向上側翼的一側是該向上舌部的內側，且該向上舌部的背向該向上側翼的一側是該向上舌部的外側，且其中，該向下舌部的朝向該向下側翼的一側是該向下舌部的內側，且該向下舌部的遠離該向下側翼的一側是該向下舌部的外側，其中，該向上舌部的內側的至少一部分的係朝向或遠離該向上側翼傾斜，且其中該向下舌部的內部的至少一部分係朝向或遠離該向下側翼傾斜。以這種方式，取決於向上舌部和向下舌部的內側的傾斜方向，可以在面板之間實現“閉合凹槽”結合或“開口溝槽”結合。
此外，關於根據本發明的面板的結合輪廓，較佳的是，該面板包括分別位於一第三面板邊緣和一第四面板邊緣的至少一個第三結合輪廓和至少一個第四結合輪廓，其中該第三結合輪廓包括： •一側向舌部，其沿實質上平行於該芯層的上側的方向延伸， •至少一第二向下側翼，其係位於與該側向舌部相距一定距離的位置，以及 •一第二向下凹槽，其係形成於該側向舌部和該第二向下側翼之間， 其中該第四結合輪廓包括： •一第三凹槽，該第三凹槽配置成容納相同的第二面板的第三結合輪廓的側向舌部的至少一部分，所述第三凹槽由一上唇和一下唇定義，其中所述下唇設有一向上鎖定元件， 其中，該第三結合輪廓和該第四結合輪廓被構造成使得兩個相同的面板的第三結合輪廓和第四結合輪廓能夠透過轉動運動而彼此結合，該轉動運動涉及第一面板的側向舌部的至少一部分插入另一相同面板的第三凹槽中，且其中另一面板的向上鎖定元件的至少一部分被插入該第一面板的第二向下凹槽中。
較佳地，其中每個結合輪廓的至少一部分係與該芯層一體成形。可以想像，該結合輪廓是透過對該芯層的邊緣進行輪廓加工而整體形成的。
本發明還涉及一種裝飾性覆蓋物，特別是裝飾性地板覆蓋物、裝飾性天花板覆蓋物或裝飾性牆壁覆蓋物，其包括多個根據本發明的互連的裝飾性面板。該覆蓋物還可以適合於安裝在垂直的拐角處，例如：在相交的壁的內角處、家具件處，以及在外部的拐角處，例如：在入口處。
在以下非限制性的條款提出了本發明的其他實施方式：
1. 一種裝飾性面板，特別是地板，天花板或牆板，包括： -     一芯層，其係具有一上側和一下側， -     一印刷裝飾性頂層，其係連接至該芯層的上側， -     一第一面板側邊緣，其係包括一第一結合輪廓，以及一第二面板側邊緣，其係包括一第二結合輪廓，該第二結合輪廓被設計為在水平方向和垂直方向上與相同的第二面板的第一結合輪廓互連， -     其中該芯層包括至少一層泡沫混凝土，該泡沫混凝土係由其中存在氣室形式的氣穴的混凝土材料的基質構成。
2. 根據條款1所述的面板，其係平坦且具有矩形輪廓，其包括四個側邊緣。
3. 根據條款1或2所述的面板，其中，該第一面板側邊緣和第二面板側邊緣係為該面板的相對側邊緣。
4. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中 -     該泡沫混凝土中的氣室佔該泡沫混凝土總體積的60至85體積%，或者 -     該泡沫混凝土的密度係介於400至800 kg/m 3的範圍內。
5. 根據條款4所述的面板，其中，該等氣室用於一封閉氣室類型的主要部分，該主要部分較佳為所述氣室的至少80%，最佳為至少90%。
6. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該泡沫混凝土中的氣室的一主要部分的尺寸小到足以透過毛細作用吸收水。
7. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該泡沫混凝土是透過在高溫和高壓下對一混凝土材料進行密蒸處理而獲得的。
8. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該混凝土材料包括顆粒材料和作為黏結劑的一水泥的一混合物，其中，該水泥較佳為： -     鈣基，即，包含氧化鈣和/或氫氧化鈣的礦物化合物，和/或 -     矽酸鈣基，即，包含氧化鈣和/或氫氧化鈣以及矽酸鹽的礦物化合物。
9. 根據條款8所述的面板，其中，該水泥係為矽酸鈣水合物礦物，例如：雪矽鈣石，即Ca 5Si 6O 16(OH) 2·4H 2O和/或Ca 5Si 6(O,OH) 18·5H 2O。
10. 根據條款8或9所述的面板，其中，該顆粒材料包括： 沙、粉煤灰、飛灰、石灰和/或氧化鋁粉末。
11. 根據前述條款8-10中任一項所述的面板，其中，該顆粒材料包括：纖維素基顆粒，較佳為木質纖維素基顆粒，例如：木質顆粒。
12. 根據條款11所述的面板，其中，該纖維素基顆粒的至少一部分係由纖維形成。
13. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，在該芯層中包括一加強層。
14. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該芯層包括至少50重量%，較佳地在50重量%至90重量%之間的泡沫混凝土。
15. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，一防水層係位於該芯層與該頂層之間，較佳地其係以防水黏合劑的形式，將該頂層黏附到該芯層上。
16. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該頂層包括至少一個裝飾性層和覆蓋所述裝飾性層的至少一個透明耐磨層。
17. 根據條款16所述的面板，其中，該耐磨層的熔化溫度高於攝氏100度，並且該耐磨層較佳係由聚氨酯製成。
18. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該面板包括一背襯層，其係附接到該芯層的一下側。
19. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該面板的厚度係在3至10 mm之間。
20. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該第一結合輪廓包括： •一向上舌部， •至少一個向上側翼，其與該向上舌部保持一定距離， •一向上凹槽，其係形成於該向上舌部和該向上側翼之間，其中該向上凹槽適於容納另一塊相同面板的第二結合輪廓的向下舌部的至少一部分，以及 •較佳地，至少一個第一鎖定元件，較佳地設置在該向上舌部的背離該向上側翼的一遠側， 且其中該第二結合輪廓包括： •一第一向下舌部， •至少一個第一向下側翼，其係與該向下舌部保持一定距離， •第一向下凹槽，其係形成於該向下舌部和該向下側翼之間，其中該向下凹槽適於容納另一相同面板的第一結合輪廓的向上舌部的至少一部分，以及 •至少一個第二鎖定元件，其係適於與另一個相同面板的第一鎖定元件共同作用，所述第二鎖定元件較佳地設置在該向下側翼。
21.根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該面板包括至少一第三結合輪廓以及至少一第四結合輪廓，其係分別位於一第三面板邊緣以及一第四面板邊緣，其中，該第三結合輪廓包括： •一側向舌部，其沿實質上平行於該面板的上側的方向延伸， •至少一第二向下側翼，其係位於與該側向舌部相距一定距離的位置，以及 •一第二向下凹槽，其係形成於該側向舌部和該第二向下側翼之間， 其中該第四結合輪廓包括： •一第三凹槽，該第三凹槽配置成容納相同的第二面板的第三結合輪廓的側向舌部的至少一部分，所述第三凹槽由一上唇和一下唇定義，其中所述下唇設有一向上鎖定元件， 其中，該第三結合輪廓和該第四結合輪廓被構造成使得兩個相同的面板的第三結合輪廓和第四結合輪廓能夠透過轉動運動而彼此結合，該轉動運動涉及第一面板的側向舌部的至少一部分插入另一相同面板的第三凹槽中，且其中另一面板的向上鎖定元件的至少一部分被插入該第一面板的第二向下凹槽中。
22. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該芯層包括至少一個加強層，例如：織物層、纖維素層、碳纖維層和/或玻璃纖維層。
23.根據條款22所述的面板，其中，該芯層包括至少兩個泡沫混凝土層，其中，至少一個加強層係位於兩個泡沫混凝土層之間。
24. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，每個結合輪廓的至少一部分係與該芯層一體成形。
25. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，一裝飾性頂層僅覆蓋該芯層的上側的至少一部分。
26. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該向上舌部的面向該向上側翼的一側是該向上舌部的內側，且該向上舌部的背向該向上側翼的一側是該向上舌部的外側，且其中，該向下舌部的朝向該向下側翼的一側是該向下舌部的內側，且該向下舌部的遠離該向下側翼的一側是該向下舌部的外側，其中，該向上舌部的內側的至少一部分的係朝向或遠離該向上側翼傾斜，且其中該向下舌部的內部的至少一部分係朝向或遠離該向下側翼傾斜。
27. 根據前述條款中任一項所述的面板，其中，該印刷裝飾性層包括一基底層或膜，裝飾性圖像係印刷於該基底層或膜上。
28. 一種裝飾性覆蓋物，特別是裝飾性地板覆蓋物、裝飾性天花板覆蓋物或裝飾性牆壁覆蓋物，其包括多個根據條款1-27中任一項所述的互連的裝飾性面板。
圖1示出了裝飾性面板1，該裝飾性面板1的上側2設有裝飾性頂層12。該面板為矩形形狀，其長度沿線B-B縱向延伸，並且寬度沿線A-A橫向延伸。
分別在側邊緣9、100分別提供了第一結合輪廓7及第二結合輪廓8。分別在側邊緣3、4分別提供了第三結合輪廓5及第四結合輪廓6。
圖2示出了圖1中所示的面板1的沿A-A線的橫截面。面板1具有由泡沫混凝土層製成的芯層10, CL，該芯層10包含封閉氣室型的小氣泡11。裝飾性頂層12, DL較佳透過薄的防水黏合劑層黏附在泡沫混凝土層的上側。在泡沫混凝土層的下側上黏附有背襯層14, BL。分別在側邊緣3、4分別設有第三結合輪廓5及第四結合輪廓6。
圖3詳細示出了當兩個面板1和1'相互連接時，圖2所示的第三結合輪廓5和第四結合輪廓6。
面板1'的第三結合輪廓5包括在實質上平行於面板的上側的方向上延伸的側向舌部51；與側向舌部51相距一定距離的一個第二向下側翼53；以及在側向舌部51和第二向下側翼53之間形成的第二向下凹槽54。
面板1的第四結合輪廓6包括第三凹槽61，第三凹槽61構造成容納相同的第二面板1'的第三結合輪廓5的側向舌部51的至少一部分，所述第三凹槽61由上唇62和下唇63定義，其中所述下唇設有向上鎖定元件64。
在如圖3所示的情況下，第三結合輪廓和第四結合輪廓6被配置成使得相應的面板1和1'能夠透過如箭頭T所示的轉動運動而彼此結合，其涉及將面板1'的側向舌部被插入另一個相同的面板1的第三凹槽中，其中面板1的向上鎖定元件64被插入面板1'的第二向下凹槽54中。
圖4類似於圖3，其示出了結合輪廓5和6的不同設計，結合輪廓5和6在舌部51和第三凹槽61處具有圓形特徵。在圖3的替代實施例中，結合的轉動運動也可以稱為鉸接運動。所有其他功能特徵及其編號與已為圖3定義的相同。
圖5示出了圖1所示的面板1的沿線B-B的縱向截面。面板1具有由泡沫混凝土層製成的芯層10，其包含封閉氣室型的小氣泡。裝飾性頂層12黏附在泡沫混凝土層的上側。
分別在側邊緣9、100分別提供了第一結合輪廓7及第二結合輪廓8。
第一結合輪廓7包括向上舌部71；與向上舌部71相距一定距離的向上側翼72；在向上舌部71和向上側翼72之間形成的向上凹槽73，其中，向上凹槽73適於容納另一個相同的面板的第二結合輪廓8的向下舌部81的至少一部分；以及至少一個第一鎖定元件75，其較佳地設置在向上舌部71的背離向上側翼72的遠側。
第二結合輪廓8包括第一向下舌部81；與下舌部81間隔開的第一向下側翼82；在下舌部81與下側面82之間形成的第一向下凹槽83，其中下凹槽83適於容納另一塊相同面板的第一結合輪廓7的向上舌部71的至少一部份；以及適於與另一塊相同面板的第一鎖定元件75共同作用的第二鎖定元件85，該第二鎖定元件85設置在向下側翼82處。
如其左側所示，圖6示出了當結合面板1和面板1'的相應輪廓7和8時，面板的第一結合輪廓7和第二結合輪廓8如何相互作用。面板1'由此垂直向下移動，其中輪廓7和8透過將向上舌部71容納在向下凹槽83中並且將向下舌部81容納在向上凹槽73中而彼此接合。
1:面板 1':面板 2:上側 3:側邊緣 4:側邊緣 5:第三結合輪廓 6:第四結合輪廓 7:第一結合輪廓 8:第二結合輪廓 9:側邊緣 10:芯層 11:小氣泡 12:裝飾性頂層 14:背襯層 51:側向舌部 53:第二向下側翼 54:第二向下凹槽 61:第三凹槽 62:上唇 63:下唇 64:向上鎖定元件 71:向上舌部 72:向上側翼 73:向上凹槽 75:第一鎖定元件 81:第一向下舌部 82:第一向下側翼 83:第一向下凹槽 85:第二鎖定元件 100:側邊緣 A-A:線 B-B:線 BL:背襯層 CL:芯層 DL:裝飾性頂層 T:箭頭
將參考附圖進一步解釋本發明，其中： ［圖1］示出了出了根據本發明的面板的透視圖。 ［圖2］示出了根據本發明的面板的橫向截面圖。 ［圖3和圖4］示出了根據本發明的互連面板的結合輪廓的兩個實施例的橫向截面圖。 ［圖5］示出了根據本發明的面板的縱向截面圖圖。 ［圖6］示出了根據本發明的互連面板的結合輪廓的一個實施例的縱向截面圖。
1:面板 3:側邊緣 4:側邊緣 5:第三結合輪廓 6:第四結合輪廓 10:芯層 11:小氣泡 12:裝飾性頂層 14:背襯層 BL:背襯層 CL:芯層 DL:裝飾性頂層

Claims (22)

  1. 一種裝飾性面板，包括： -     一芯層，其係具有一上側和一下側， -     一印刷裝飾性頂層，其係直接或間接連接至該芯層的上側， -     一第一面板側邊緣，其係包括一第一結合輪廓，以及一第二面板側邊緣，其係包括一第二結合輪廓，該第二結合輪廓被設計為在水平方向和垂直方向上與相同的第二面板的第一結合輪廓互連，其中該第一結合輪廓包括： •一向上舌部， •至少一個向上側翼，其與該向上舌部保持一定距離， •一向上凹槽，其係形成於該向上舌部和該向上側翼之間，其中該向上凹槽適於容納另一塊相同面板的第二結合輪廓的向下舌部的至少一部分，以及 且其中該第二結合輪廓包括： •一第一向下舌部， •至少一個第一向下側翼，其係與該向下舌部保持一定距離， •第一向下凹槽，其係形成於該向下舌部和該向下側翼之間，其中該向下凹槽適於容納另一相同面板的第一結合輪廓的向上舌部的至少一部分，以及 -     一第三面板側邊緣，其係包括一第三結合輪廓，以及一第四面板側邊緣，其係包括一第四結合輪廓，該第四結合輪廓被設計為在水平方向和垂直方向上與另一個相同的面板的第三結合輪廓互連，其中，該第三結合輪廓包括： •一側向舌部，其沿實質上平行於該面板的上側的方向延伸， •至少一第二向下側翼，其係位於與該側向舌部相距一定距離的位置，以及 •一第二向下凹槽，其係形成於該側向舌部和該第二向下側翼之間， 其中該第四結合輪廓包括： •一第三凹槽，該第三凹槽配置成容納相同的第二面板的第三結合輪廓的側向舌部的至少一部分，所述第三凹槽由一上唇和一下唇定義，其中所述下唇設有一向上鎖定元件， 其中，該第三結合輪廓和該第四結合輪廓被構造成使得兩個相同的面板的第三結合輪廓和第四結合輪廓能夠透過轉動運動而彼此結合，該轉動運動涉及第一面板的側向舌部的至少一部分插入另一相同面板的第三凹槽中，且其中另一面板的向上鎖定元件的至少一部分被插入該第一面板的第二向下凹槽中， -     其中該芯層包括至少一層泡沫混凝土，該泡沫混凝土係由其中存在氣室形式的氣穴的混凝土材料的基質構成； -     其中該泡沫混凝土中的氣室佔該泡沫混凝土總體積的60至85體積%，該等氣室用於一封閉氣室類型的主要部分； -     其中該混凝土材料包括顆粒材料和作為黏結劑的一水泥的一混合物，該顆粒材料包括：木質纖維素基顆粒。
  2. 如請求項1所述的面板，其係平坦且具有矩形輪廓，其包括四個側邊緣。
  3. 如請求項1或2所述的面板，其中，該第一面板側邊緣和第二面板側邊緣係為該面板的相對側邊緣。
  4. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該泡沫混凝土中的氣室的一主要部分的尺寸小到足以透過毛細作用吸收水。
  5. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該泡沫混凝土是透過在高溫和高壓下對一混凝土材料進行密蒸處理而獲得的。
  6. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該水泥係為矽酸鈣水合物礦物。
  7. 如請求項1或6所述的面板，其中，該顆粒材料包括： 沙、粉煤灰、飛灰、石灰和/或氧化鋁粉末。
  8. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該纖維素基顆粒的至少一部分係由纖維形成。
  9. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，在該芯層中包括一加強層。
  10. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該芯層包括至少50重量%的泡沫混凝土。
  11. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，一防水層係位於該芯層與該頂層之間。
  12. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該頂層包括至少一個裝飾性層和覆蓋所述裝飾性層的至少一個透明耐磨層。
  13. 如請求項12所述的面板，其中，該耐磨層的熔化溫度高於攝氏100度。
  14. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該面板包括一背襯層，其係附接到該芯層的一下側。
  15. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該面板的厚度係在3至10 mm之間。
  16. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該芯層包括至少一個加強層。
  17. 如請求項16所述的面板，其中，該芯層包括至少兩個泡沫混凝土層，其中，至少一個加強層係位於兩個泡沫混凝土層之間。
  18. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，每個結合輪廓的至少一部分係與該芯層一體成形。
  19. 如請求項1所述的面板，一裝飾性頂層僅覆蓋該芯層的上側的至少一部分。
  20. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該向上舌部的面向該向上側翼的一側是該向上舌部的內側，且該向上舌部的背向該向上側翼的一側是該向上舌部的外側，且其中，該向下舌部的朝向該向下側翼的一側是該向下舌部的內側，且該向下舌部的遠離該向下側翼的一側是該向下舌部的外側，其中，該向上舌部的內側的至少一部分的係朝向或遠離該向上側翼傾斜，且其中該向下舌部的內部的至少一部分係朝向或遠離該向下側翼傾斜。
  21. 如請求項1所述的面板，其中，該印刷裝飾性層包括一基底層或膜，裝飾性圖像係印刷於該基底層或膜上。
  22. 一種裝飾性覆蓋物，其包括多個如請求項1至21中任一項所述的互連的裝飾性面板。
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