TWI867385B - ONE KIND OF 4x4 OPTICAL SWITCH WHICH HAS CONFIDENTIALITY FUNCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention is one kind of four by four optical switch with confidentiality function; The four input optical signals can be output through the control codes to complete 24 kinds of combinations. Its composition includes six two by two optical switch units and connection network, and a password table composed of 6 control lines. The 2x2 optical switch unit is composed of two groups of liquid crystal lens sets, each of them contain several liquid crystal lens.

Description

4x4 optical switch structure with confidentiality function

This invention discloses a 4x4 optical switch structure with a confidentiality function, which is specifically applied in the field of optical communication technology. It mainly uses an optical switch with a focusing liquid crystal lens to achieve confidentiality and accuracy in communication transmission.

The development of optical fiber communication technology has brought about major changes in the communication field. In particular, in recent years, network-related services based on IP have experienced explosive growth. This growth trend has not only changed the relationship between the IP network layer and the underlying transmission network, but also presented a new look to the organization, node design, management and control of the entire network.

In the optical fiber network, Automatic Switched Optical Networks (ASON) has become a hot topic of research. Its main core nodes are composed of optical cross-connect (OXC) equipment. Through optical cross-connect, dynamic wavelength allocation and flexible and effective management of optical networks can be achieved. As a functional device for switching optical paths, optical switches are a key part of optical cross-connects. Optical switches can realize dynamic optical path management, optical network fault protection, dynamic wavelength allocation and other functions, which can solve the wavelength competition in the current complex network, improve the wavelength reuse rate, and perform flexible network configuration. As optical transmission develops towards ultra-high speed and ultra-large capacity, network survivability, network protection switching and recovery issues have become key network issues, especially network confidentiality, which is the most important issue in related fields.

Regarding the electro-optical effect of liquid crystal, due to the electrically controlled birefringence effect of liquid crystal, applying an electric field to liquid crystal can change the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal. Therefore, light incident in a certain polarization direction will undergo birefringence in the liquid crystal. Generally speaking, the refractive index of liquid crystal when no electric field is applied is no. The refractive index when an electric field is applied is ne. The difference between the two, △n=ne-no, is the main physical principle used in this invention.

As a research in this field, the present invention further studies a structure of optical switch with confidentiality technology based on the characteristics of optical switch having multiple selectable transmission ends and being able to mutually convert or perform logical operations on optical signals in optical transmission lines or integrated optical circuits.

、該二輸出2X2單元定義為

、該二橋接2X2單元定義為

，前述該光開關的光信號傳輸下可得

：，其中

為一個4X4單元，具有6個控制碼。 The present invention mainly provides a 4x4 optical switch structure with a confidentiality function in the communication transmission of an optical switch, wherein: the optical switch has two built-in input 2X2 units, two output 2X2 units and two bridge 2X2 units. There are a total of 6 2X2 units. The two input 2X2 units have a total of four optical signal input terminals, and the two output 2X2 units have four output terminals. Each unit has a switch control signal, which we call a control code. Its function is: adding voltage represents opening and generating signal exchange, and not adding voltage represents closing and generating no signal exchange. Under the network crossover designed by the present invention, the control code results of various combinations of the four input terminals and the four input terminals can be formed, and the isomorphism effect in mathematical theory can be added to achieve the confidentiality of network signal transmission; wherein, the two-input 2X2 unit is defined as

, the two output 2X2 unit is defined as

The two bridged 2X2 units are defined as

, the optical signal transmission of the optical switch can be obtained

:,in

It is a 4X4 unit with 6 control codes.

100: Light switch

10: Input 2X2 unit

11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D: First input terminal

12, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D: first output terminal

20: Output 2X2 unit

21, 21A, 21B, 21C, 21D: Second input terminal

22, 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D: Second output terminal

30: Bridge 2X2 units

31, 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D: bridge unit input terminal

32, 32A, 32B, 32C, 32D: Bridge unit output terminal

40: Control code signal input unit

60: Lens unit

The first figure is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure and connection network of the optical switch of the present invention.

The second figure is an enlarged three-dimensional schematic diagram of the optical lens unit and connection of the optical switch structure of the present invention.

The third figure is a schematic diagram of the conduction operation of a 2X2 optical unit when voltage is applied and when no voltage is applied.

The fourth figure is a 3D diagram of the optical path of a 2X2 optical unit before cutting under applied voltage.

The fifth figure is a 3D diagram of the optical path of a 2X2 optical unit cut into a flat plate under applied voltage.

The sixth figure is a schematic diagram of the calculation of a 2X2 optical unit.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of two 2X2 optical input units.

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of two 2X2 optical bridge units.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of six 2X2 optical units used in the present invention.

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the six control codes, four inputs, and four outputs used in the present invention.

Figure 11 shows the design data of the optical switch when powered on.

Figure 12 shows the design data of the light switch when it is not powered.

Figure 13 shows the switching results of each layer of the three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network.

Figure 14 shows the non-repetitive results after layer-by-layer operations on a three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network.

Figure 15 shows one of the layer-by-layer calculation processes of a three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network.

Figure 16. The second part of the calculation process of the three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network layer by layer, simplified notation.

Figure 17 shows the third layer-by-layer calculation process of the three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network, and the result corresponds to one of the control codes.

Figure 18: The fourth part of the calculation process of the three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network layer by layer, converted into actual calculation.

Figure 19 shows the fifth layer-by-layer calculation process of a three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network, with layer labels omitted.

Figure 20 shows the sixth calculation process of the three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network layer-by-layer, and the result corresponds to the second control code.

Figure 21: The seventh calculation process of the three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network layer by layer, finding the isomorphic results.

Figure 22: The eighth calculation process of the three-layer 2D 2X2 optical switching network layer by layer, and the list of isomorphic results.

Figure 23: Control code isomorphism table.

Figure 24 shows the simplest control code in the control code isomorphism table.

In order to clearly illustrate that the invention can achieve the above-mentioned purpose and effect, the invention is described in detail with diagrams for its features and effects. Please refer to the first to twenty-fourth figures, the invention is a 4x4 optical switch structure with a confidentiality function, as shown in Figure 1: the 4x4 optical switch 100, contains six 2x2 optical signal exchange units; including two input 2x2 units 10, (x, y), two output 2x2 units 20, (p, q) and two bridge 2x2 units 30, (u, v), defining (x, y, p, q, u, v) as a control code signal input unit 40. The two input 2x2 units 10, (x, y): have four first input terminals 11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D respectively. The four first output terminals 12 are 12A, 12B, 12C, and 12D. The two output 2X2 units 20 (p, q) have four first input terminals 21, 21A, 21B, 21C, and 21D. The four first output terminals 22 are 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D. The two bridge 2X2 units 10 (u, v) have four first input terminals 31, 31A, 31B, 31C, and 31D. The four first output terminals 32 are 32A, 32B, 32C, and 32D. Among them, 12A is connected to 31C, 12B is connected to 31A, 12C is connected to 31B, and 12D is connected to 31D. 32A is connected to 21B, 32B is connected to 21C, 32C is connected to 21A, and 32D is connected to 21D. All the above connections are optical signal connections.

，其中輸入層單元可得運算式為

中間層橋接單元30，可得運算式為

輸出層輸出2X2單元20，可得運算式為

經由本發明的光學信號連接方法及控制碼組合結果，可以得到完整的信號交換傳輸及保密功能。 In addition, the control codes of the two input 2X2 units 10 are defined as (x, y), the control codes of the two output 2X2 units 20 are defined as (p, q), and the control codes of the two bridge 2X2 units 30 are defined as (u, v). The optical signal transmission of the optical switch 100 can be obtained as follows:

, where the input layer unit can be expressed as

The middle layer bridge unit 30, the equation is

The output layer outputs 2X2 units 20, and the expression is

Through the optical signal connection method and control code combination results of the present invention, a complete signal exchange transmission and confidentiality function can be obtained.

Here, the specific operation method of the 2X2 optical signal exchange unit is described, as shown in Figure 2; Introduction of the lens unit 60: The present invention uses a group of lens units 60 (a focusing liquid crystal lens group and another group of reverse focusing liquid crystal lens groups are combined at the focal point) to form a 2X2 signal exchanger. When the two lens units 60 are applied with voltage, the two signals are exchanged and swapped; when the two lens units 60 are not applied with voltage, the two signals pass directly and are not swapped. Please see the optical path diagram in Figure 3.

The lens unit 60 is a 2X2 module in the 4X4 optical switch 100. The specific implementation example is as follows: E7 liquid crystal material produced by Merck; its characteristics are no(d)=1.5224, Vd=30.023, ne(d)=1.7394, Vd=14.788. For the optical signal part, we use a 532nm wavelength semiconductor laser, and the diameter of the beam is about 1mm. The optical signal corresponding to the input end and its three-dimensional diagram of the lens unit 60. Please refer to Figure 11 for the design parameters of the entire lens unit after adding voltage (control code is 1). The molded glass with aspheric coefficient is used to eliminate the influence of optical aberration. At this time, the applied voltage changes the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer, producing a focusing effect, which in turn generates signal exchange.

Please refer to Figure 12 for the design parameters of the entire lens unit 60 when no voltage is applied (the control code is 0). At this time, the signal passes directly and no signal exchange occurs.

The lens unit 60 is originally in the shape of a disk as shown in Figure 4, and is arranged in axial order. Considering the scope of its use, we cut the liquid crystal lens module into a box shape or a block shape to facilitate its reduction in size. See Figure 5.

(1,2)；x是控制碼，控制碼只能有1，0。x=1代表執行交換，x=0代表不執行交換。(1，2)是其成員編號。T ₂，一樣也是兩個成員排列組合構成的群。S ₄的成員一樣可以有編號，有控制碼；

稱為二維S ₂；

其成員數目是兩個S ₂之成員為4個。本發明主要是解決了S ₄與S ₂關聯性的問題。 Group theory calculation methods in abstract algebra: some notation methods of group theory are used; for example, S ₂ represents a group composed of two member permutations and combinations, and S ₄ represents a group composed of four member permutations and combinations. Member S ₂ can have a number and a control code; the notation is

(1,2); x is the control code, which can only be 1 or 0. x=1 means to execute the exchange, and x=0 means not to execute the exchange. (1,2) is the member number. T ₂ is also a group composed of two member combinations. The members of S ₄ can also have numbers and control codes;

It is called two-dimensional S ₂ ;

The number of its members is ₄ for two S2 members. The present invention mainly solves the problem of _the relevance _between S4 and S2 .

(1,2)，

(2,1)。右上角的(0)代表控制信號為0，(1)代表控制信號為1。(1,2)是成員的狀態，當控制信號為0，其原始狀態不改變，標記為

(1,2)。當控制信號為1，產生交換的狀態，標記為

(2,1)。可以參考圖六。 In a basic 2X2 optical cross-connect network, there are two main members:

(1,2),

(2,1). The (0) in the upper right corner represents the control signal is 0, and (1) represents the control signal is 1. (1,2) is the member state. When the control signal is 0, its original state does not change and is marked as

(1,2). When the control signal is 1, the state of exchange occurs, marked as

(2,1). Please refer to Figure 6.

的意思為兩組2X2網路稱為二維的S2群，可以用以下符號表示

(1,2)+

(3,4)，我們可以註記為：

，其中成員狀態總共有4個：

，

，

Two sets of 2X2 optical cross-connect networks,

The meaning of this is that two groups of 2X2 networks are called two-dimensional S2 groups, which can be represented by the following symbols:

(1,2)+

(3,4), we can annotate it as:

, of which there are 4 member states:

,

,

的意思為對於成員狀態有4個(1，2，3，4)的二維群

；x只對(1，2)做交換、y只對(3，4)做交換；我們另外定義一個

；u只對(1，4)做交換、v只對(2，3)做交換。二維群

類似於

；P只對(1，2)做交換、q只對(3，4)做交換，如圖七、八。 Another type of two 2X2 optical crossbar networks,

means that there are four (1, 2, 3, 4) two-dimensional groups for member states

; x only swaps (1, 2), y only swaps (3, 4); we also define a

; u only commutes (1, 4), and v only commutes (2, 3). Two-dimensional group

Similar to

; P only swaps (1, 2), and q only swaps (3, 4), as shown in Figures 7 and 8.

The three-layer 2D 2X2 optical cross network and layer operations are shown in Figures 9 and 10, with the following annotations:

有4個成員如圖十三，兩層運算

×

就有16個成員，兩層運算

×

×

就有64個成員。 When performing layer operations, we use X to represent the expression; single layer

There are 4 members as shown in Figure 13, two-level operation

×

There are 16 members, two levels of operation

×

×

There are 64 members.

其中(xy,uv,pq)有64種結果；但是只有24個同構群。 4X4 optical cross network, S ₄ members according to the arrangement and combination theory, 4! = 24, a total of 24 non-repeating members, please refer to Figure 14. The interpretation of the control code proves that: three layers of two-dimensional 2X2 optical cross network, its general control code form is: (xy, uv, pq). There are 64 results in total, but there are only 24 non-repeating solutions, as shown in Figure 15. The form of the control code is simplified to form the simplest control code (x, uv, pq). The mathematical form of the 4X4 optical cross network is equivalent to the three layers of 2 groups of 2X2 optical cross networks.

There are 64 results for (xy,uv,pq); but there are only 24 isomorphism groups.

寫成另一種格式以方便運算：記號成：

；不做交換。 Proof process: As shown in Figures 15 to 22, we list the complete layer operation, with a total of 64 control code results; Figure 16 simplifies the notation of Figure 15, Figure 17 simplifies the notation of Figure 16, and Figure 18 simplifies the notation of Figure 19. Figure 20 is the final 64 operation results. Figure 21 checks and deletes the duplicate results; we remove the middle of Figure 17.

Write it in another format for easier calculation: Notation:

; No exchange.

；表示為(21)(34)，交換(34)；

；表示為(12)(43)，交換(34)；

；表示為(21)(43)，(12)(43)都交換； 層與層發生運算時，比如說

；第一層運算是

；第二層是

；第三層是

；層與層中間的運算，用l來區隔表示。但這個記號在圖十八到十九的運算中被消除，我們表達為：

；運算過程是：

。圖十八是用(1)(21)(43)(32)(41)表達的列表。圖二十二是算出所有的結果，把所有的控制碼結果與成員形成對應。從裡面我們發現，控制碼與成員是多對1的結果，最終我們發現64個控制碼，只有24個成員對應，如圖二十二。多對1的結果，我們列表稱為同構。

; expressed as (21)(34), exchange (34);

; expressed as (12)(43), exchange (34);

; (21)(43), (12)(43) are swapped; When operations occur between layers, for example

; The first level operation is

; The second layer is

; The third layer is

; The operations between layers are separated by l . However, this symbol is eliminated in the operations from Figures 18 to 19, and we express it as:

; The calculation process is:

Figure 18 is a list expressed by (1)(21)(43)(32)(41). Figure 22 calculates all the results, and matches all the control code results with the members. From it, we find that the control code and the member are many-to-1 results. Finally, we find that there are 64 control codes and only 24 members corresponding to them, as shown in Figure 22. The many-to-1 result is called an isomorphism in our list.

The isomorphic table is established as the basis of the confidentiality table. As shown in Figure 22, we list the 24 members and the corresponding control codes. The number of control codes corresponding to each member is different, so we reorganize them into an isomorphic table, as shown in Figure 23. This isomorphic control code table forms the basis of the confidentiality table. We can choose any group of isomorphic control code tables to make a complete 24-member result. There are a total of 6*2*4 ² *2 ⁸ *4 ⁴ *2 ⁸ =3,221225472*10 ⁹ , more than 300 million selection methods. This is a very solid foundation for confidentiality.

The following is an example of a confidentiality table. From Figure 23, we can see the formation of the password table. The same exchange result can correspond to several control codes. For example, the password selected from 24 isomorphism groups is: (52132, 11212, 21123, 41221, 2122), a total of 24 codes. 5 represents the selection of the 5th control code from the first isomorphism of the isomorphism table (Figure 23) (there are 6). 2 represents the selection of the 2nd control code from the second isomorphism of the isomorphism table (Figure 23) (there are 2). And so on. This password table means that the optical switch 100 network can only accept the above passwords to find the corresponding control code, and only then can the 24 members have a correct and complete correspondence; when executing the confidentiality function, if the input control code does not match the control code pre-stored in the security device, the optical signal conversion function will not be executed.

The simplest control code: Referring to Figure 24, we observe the first group in the control code table; we can find that y in (xy, uv, pq) is always 0. As shown in the black box in Figure 24. Therefore, there is a set of simplest control methods; the first column in the isomorphism table, the original six codes (xy, uv, pq), can be simplified to five codes (x, uv, pq).

100: Light switch

10: Input 2X2 unit

11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D: First input terminal

12, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D: first output terminal

20: Output 2X2 unit

21, 21A, 21B, 21C, 21D: Second input terminal

22, 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D: Second output terminal

30: Bridge 2X2 units

31, 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D: bridge unit input terminal

32, 32A, 32B, 32C, 32D: Bridge unit output terminal

40: Control code signal input unit

Claims (6)

A 4x4 optical switch structure with a confidentiality function is applied to optical switch communication transmission, wherein: the optical switch has two built-in input 2X2 units, two output 2X2 units and two bridge 2X2 units, with a total of 6 2X2 units; the two input 2X2 units have a total of four optical signal input terminals, and the two output 2X2 units have four output terminals, and each unit has a switch control signal; its function is: adding voltage represents opening to generate signal exchange, and not adding voltage represents closing, and no signal exchange is generated; under network crossover, the control code results of several combinations of the four input terminals and the four input terminals can be formed, and the isomorphism effect in mathematical theory is added to achieve confidentiality in network signal transmission; wherein, the two input 2X2 units are defined as

, the two output 2X2 unit is defined as

The two bridged 2X2 units are defined as

, the above optical signal transmission of the optical switch can be obtained:

,in

It is a 4X4 unit with 6 control codes. The 4x4 optical switch structure with a confidentiality function as described in claim 1, wherein the two input 2X2 units are arranged side by side at the same level, the two output 2X2 units are arranged side by side at the same level, and the two bridge 2X2 units are located between the two input 2X2 units and the two output 2X2 units, and the two bridge 2X2 units are arranged in layers with upper and lower spacing. The 4x4 optical switch structure with a confidentiality function as described in claim 2, wherein: the two output 2X2 units 10, (x, y): have four first input terminals 11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D respectively; and four first output terminals 12, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D respectively; the two output 2X2 units 20, (p, q): have four second input terminals 21, 21A, 21B, 21C, 21D respectively; and four second output terminals 22, 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D respectively; The two bridge 2X2 units 30, (u, v): have four bridge unit input terminals 31, 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D; and four bridge unit output terminals 32, 32A, 32B, 32C, 32D; wherein, 12A is connected to 31C, 12B is connected to 31A, 12C is connected to 31B, 12D is connected to 31D; 32A is connected to 21B, 32B is connected to 21C, 32C is connected to 21A, 32D is connected to 21D; the above connections are all optical signal connections. A 4x4 optical switch structure with a security function as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the two input 2X2 units, the two output 2X2 units and the two bridge 2X2 units further have built-in lens units (a focusing liquid crystal lens group and another group of reverse focusing liquid crystal lens groups combined at the focal point) to form a 2X2 signal exchanger; when voltage is applied to the two lens units, the two signals are exchanged and swapped; when no voltage is applied to the two lens units, the two signals pass directly and are not swapped. The 4x4 optical switch structure with a security function as described in claim 4, wherein the two input 2X2 units, the two output 2X2 units and the two bridge 2X2 units of the optical switch further form two 2X2 units and two control codes respectively, and

After the operation, 64 exchange results are generated, of which 24 are non-repeating isomorphism groups. The 24 isomorphism groups can form a 4X4 complete exchange, and the 24 isomorphism groups can further form a control code table (x, y, u, v, p, q). Each isomorphism group can select a code from the corresponding control code group to form a 24-word password. When executing the security function, if the input control code does not match the control code pre-stored in the security device, the optical signal conversion function will not be executed. As described in claim 5, the 4x4 optical switch structure with a confidentiality function, wherein the six codes (xy, uv, pq) can be simplified to the five codes (x, uv, pq), and the y in (xy, uv, pq) is always 0. There exists a set of simplest control methods.

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