TWI866871B - Light emitting diode structure - Google Patents

Abstract

A light emitting diode structure includes a substrate, a plurality of first type light emitting diodes on the substrate, at least one first optical element, and at least one second optical element. The at least one first optical element is on at least a first one of the first type light emitting diodes and adjusts a first initial angle of the light emitted from the first one to a first adjusting angle smaller than the first initial angle, in which the difference between the first initial angle and the first adjusting angle is 5° to 60°. The at least one second optical element is on at least a second one of the first type light emitting diodes and adjusts a second initial angle of the light emitted from the second one to a second adjusting angle smaller than the second initial angle and larger than the first adjusting angle.

Description

LED structure

The present disclosure relates to a light emitting diode structure.

LEDs are widely used as light sources in display panels. However, as display panels are used in a variety of electronic products, such as computers, televisions, mobile phones, tablets, and billboards, the demand for light source control is increasing to meet various application requirements. For example, in order to avoid privacy leakage caused by the display panel's excessive viewing angle or to compensate for the display differences of different light types, it is necessary to develop an LED structure that can control the light source viewing angle and has good display resolution.

The present disclosure discloses a light-emitting diode structure. The light-emitting diode structure includes a substrate, a plurality of first-type light-emitting diodes, at least one first optical element, and at least one second optical element. The first-type light-emitting diode is on the substrate. The at least one first optical element is located on at least one first of the first-type light-emitting diodes, and the at least one first optical element adjusts the first initial angle of light emitted from the at least one first to a first adjustment angle, the first adjustment angle is smaller than the first initial angle, and the difference between the first initial angle and the first adjustment angle is 5° to 60°. The at least one second optical element is located on at least one second of the first-type light-emitting diodes, and the at least one second optical element adjusts the second initial angle of light emitted from the at least one second to a second adjustment angle, and the second adjustment angle is smaller than the second initial angle and larger than the first adjustment angle.

In some implementations, at least one first optical element is located only on at least one first of the first type LEDs.

In some implementations, the colors of light emitted by the first type LEDs are substantially the same.

The present disclosure also discloses a light emitting diode structure. The light emitting diode structure includes a substrate, a plurality of first-type light emitting diodes, a plurality of second-type light emitting diodes, a plurality of third-type light emitting diodes, at least one first optical element, at least one second optical element, and at least one third optical element. The first-type light emitting diode is on the substrate and the color of the light emitted by the first-type light emitting diode is red. The second-type light emitting diode is on the substrate and the color of the light emitted by the second-type light emitting diode is green. The third-type light emitting diode is on the substrate and the color of the light emitted by the third-type light emitting diode is blue. At least one first optical element is located on at least one first of the first type light emitting diodes, and the at least one first optical element adjusts the first initial angle of light emitted from the at least one first to a first adjustment angle, the first adjustment angle is smaller than the first initial angle, and the difference between the first initial angle and the first adjustment angle is 5° to 60°. At least one second optical element is located on at least one second of the second type light emitting diodes, and the at least one second optical element adjusts the second initial angle of light emitted from the at least one second to a second adjustment angle, and the second adjustment angle is smaller than the second initial angle. At least one third optical element is located on at least one third of the third type light emitting diodes, and the at least one third optical element adjusts the third initial angle of light emitted from the at least one third to a third adjustment angle, and the third adjustment angle is smaller than the third initial angle.

In some implementations, the radius of curvature of the at least one second optical element and the radius of curvature of the at least one third optical element are substantially the same as the radius of curvature of the at least one first optical element.

In some embodiments, the LED structure further includes at least one fourth optical element and at least one fifth optical element. The at least one fourth optical element is located on at least one fourth of the second type LEDs, and the at least one fourth optical element adjusts a fourth initial angle of light emitted from the at least one fourth to a fourth adjustment angle, and the fourth adjustment angle is smaller than the fourth initial angle and larger than the second adjustment angle. The at least one fifth optical element is located on at least one fifth of the third type LEDs, and the at least one fifth optical element adjusts a fifth initial angle of light emitted from the at least one fifth to a fifth adjustment angle, and the fifth adjustment angle is smaller than the fifth initial angle and larger than the third adjustment angle.

In order to make the description of the present disclosure more detailed and complete, the following is an illustrative description of the implementation mode and specific implementation mode. This does not limit the implementation mode of the present disclosure to a single form. The implementation modes of the present disclosure can be combined or replaced with each other in beneficial situations, and other implementation modes can be added without further description.

Spatially relative terms, such as above and below, may be used in this disclosure to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature in a figure. Spatially relative terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device when in use or operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure. For example, the device may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations, etc.). Therefore, spatially relative terms in this disclosure may also be interpreted accordingly. In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the same or similar element numbers in different figures refer to the same or similar elements formed by the same or similar materials and by the same or similar methods.

The terms "approximately", "approximately", "close to", "substantially" or "substantially" used in this disclosure include the numerical values, features and the deviation range of the numerical values and features that can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, taking into account the errors of the numerical values and features, the aforementioned terms may represent values within one or more standard deviations of the numerical values (e.g., values within ±30%, ±20%, ±15%, ±10% or ±5%), or may represent the deviations covered by the features in practical operations (e.g., the description of "substantially parallel" may represent close to parallelism in practice rather than perfect parallelism in ideal). In addition, the acceptable deviation range may be selected according to the measured properties or other properties, rather than applying one deviation range to all numerical values and features.

The present disclosure discloses a light emitting diode structure. The light emitting diode structure includes a substrate, a plurality of first-type light emitting diodes and at least one first optical element. The first-type light emitting diode is on the substrate. The at least one first optical element is located on at least one first of the first-type light emitting diodes, and the at least one first optical element adjusts a first initial angle of light emitted from the at least one first to a first adjustment angle, the first adjustment angle is less than the first initial angle, and the difference between the first initial angle and the first adjustment angle is 5° to 60°. Next, the aforementioned light emitting diode structure is described in detail according to an implementation method.

Referring to FIGS. 1A to 4 , the LED structure 100 includes a substrate 101, a plurality of first-type LEDs 111, and at least one first optical element 121, wherein FIGS. 1B and 2B are cross-sectional views of the top perspective views of FIGS. 1A and 2A taken along lines A-A and B-B, respectively. The above-mentioned elements are described in detail in sequence below.

First, the substrate 101 is described, and reference may be made to FIGS. 1A to 4. The substrate 101 includes a circuit that is not shown in the figure and is used to drive the LED (including the first type LED 111, the second type LED 112, and the third type LED 113 described below) to emit light, for example, including a transistor that drives the LED to emit light by turning on and off. In some embodiments, these circuits (or transistors) each independently control the corresponding LED to achieve the control of some LEDs to emit light and some LEDs not to emit light (details will be described later). In some embodiments, the substrate 101 includes any feasible semiconductor substrate, such as an elemental semiconductor material (e.g., silicon, germanium, or the like), a compound semiconductor material (e.g., silicon carbide, gallium nitride, or the like), an alloy semiconductor material (e.g., SiGe, AlGaAs, or the like), or a combination thereof.

Next, a plurality of first-type LEDs 111 are described, with reference to FIGS. 1A to 4. A plurality of first-type LEDs 111 are located on the substrate 101 to serve as display light sources. In some embodiments, each of these first-type LEDs 111 is a micro-LED and has a size in the micrometer range, such as less than 100 micrometers. In some embodiments, each of these first-type LEDs 111 has a corresponding driving circuit to independently emit light. In some embodiments, the first-type LEDs 111 include any feasible semiconductor material, such as AlGaAs, InGaP, AlGaInP, GaP, InGaN or the like and combinations thereof, to have a variety of feasible light-emitting colors.

Next, the at least one first optical element 121 is described, and reference may be made to FIGS. 1A to 4. The at least one first optical element 121 is located on at least one first 111A of the plurality of first-type light-emitting diodes 111, so that the at least one first optical element 121 can adjust the angle of light emitted from the at least one first 111A. For example, the at least one first optical element 121 adjusts the first initial angle θ1 of the light emitted from the at least one first 111A to a first adjustment angle ω1, wherein the first initial angle θ1 is the maximum angle between the traveling direction D1 of the light before adjustment and the direction Z1 perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 101, and the first adjustment angle ω1 is the maximum angle between the traveling direction D2 of the light after adjustment and the direction Z1 perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 101. In some embodiments, the aforementioned light traveling direction D1 and traveling direction D2 with the maximum angle are respectively the positions where at least 50% of the light intensity (relative to the maximum light intensity value that can be measured) can be measured before and after the light is adjusted. In some embodiments, the projection area of at least one first optical element 121 on the substrate 101 completely covers or is larger than the projection area of at least one first object 111A on the substrate 101, so as to ensure that at least one first optical element 121 effectively and in accordance with expectations adjusts the angle of light emitted from at least one first object 111A. In some embodiments, the center of at least one first optical element 121 is aligned with the center of at least one first object 111A, so as to ensure that at least one first optical element 121 effectively and in accordance with expectations adjusts the angle of light emitted from at least one first object 111A. In some embodiments, the first adjustment angle ω1 is smaller than the first initial angle θ1 to achieve effects such as focusing and reducing the light output angle. In some embodiments, the difference between the first initial angle θ1 and the first adjustment angle ω1 is 5° to 60°, such as 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 55° or 60°. If the difference is too small, it may not have a significant effect on changing the viewing angle. If the difference is too large, it may over-focus the light and cause negative effects such as display displacement. In some embodiments, the first adjustment angle ω1 is 30° to 85°, such as 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80° or 85°.

Continuing to explain the at least one first optical element 121, reference may be made to FIGS. 1A to 4. In some embodiments, the at least one first optical element 121 includes a curved surface and the curved surface protrudes in a direction away from the at least one first person 111A. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the curved surface is preferably 10 µm to 50 µm, such as 10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm or 50 µm. In some embodiments, the at least one first optical element 121 is a convex lens. In some embodiments, the size of the at least one first optical element 121 is in the micrometer order. In some embodiments, the surface of the at least one first optical element 121 has a coating, such as an anti-reflection coating. In some embodiments, at least one first optical element 121 includes a single material or multiple layers of material, such as a single material having substantially a single refractive index, or multiple layers of material each having a different refractive index and the refractive index gradually increases in a direction away from at least one first element 111A. In some embodiments, the aforementioned material includes borosilicate glass, fused silica, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, zinc selenide, germanium, silicon, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the LED structure 100 may further include a transparent layer 102, and reference may be made to FIGS. 1A to 4. The transparent layer 102 is located between at least one first party 111A and at least one first optical element 121 to serve as a medium through which light passes and to help adjust the focusing degree of light passing through at least one first optical element 121. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the transparent layer 102 is less than the refractive index of at least one first optical element 121. In some embodiments, the distance L1 between at least one first party 111A and at least one first optical element 121 or the thickness T1 of the transparent layer 102 corresponding to the distance L1 is preferably 10 μm to 150 μm, such as 10 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm or 150 μm. In some embodiments, the ratio of the distance L1 to the radius of curvature of the at least one first optical element 121 is preferably 0.1 to 4, such as 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In some embodiments, the LED structure 100 may further include a protective layer 103, and reference may be made to FIGS. 1A to 4. The protective layer 103 (or flat layer) is located on at least one first optical element 121 to serve as a protective structure for possible elements below and to provide a flat surface for possible elements located thereon. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the protective layer 103 is less than the refractive index of the at least one first optical element 121 to help increase the amount of light emitted from the at least one first optical element 121.

Next, a detailed embodiment is used to illustrate possible variations of the light-emitting diode structure 100. Without further explanation, the above features are applicable to the following variations, so the relevant features can be found in the above text and may not be described in detail below.

In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A to FIG. 1B, at least one first optical element 121 is only located on at least one first 111A of the first type LED 111 and is not located on at least one second 111B. In other words, in a top view, at least one first optical element 121 overlaps at least one first 111A of the first type LED 111 but does not overlap at least one second 111B of the first type LED 111. Therefore, the light emitted from at least one second 111B substantially has an unadjusted first initial angle θ1, and the independent circuits of at least one first 111A and at least one second 111B can achieve the selection of different light output angles by making at least one first 111A, at least one second 111B or a combination thereof emit light. For example, when a narrow light emission angle is required, at least one first object 111A may be made to emit light but at least one second object 111B may not emit light. For example, when a wide light emission angle is required, at least one second object 111B may be made to emit light but at least one first object 111A may not emit light, or at least one first object 111A and at least one second object 111B may both emit light. In some embodiments, the colors emitted by at least one first object 111A and at least one second object 111B are substantially the same, so the selection of the light emission angle may be adjusted for a specific color to obtain a desired specific color with various wide and narrow viewing angles.

In the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2B, similar to the first embodiment, the LED structure 100 further includes at least one second optical element 122 located on at least one second 111B in the first type LED 111. The at least one second optical element 122 and its features relative to other elements (such as the substrate 101, the at least one second 111B, the light-transmitting layer 102 and the protective layer 103, etc.) are substantially the same as the at least one first optical element 121 and its features relative to other elements (such as the substrate 101, the at least one first 111A, the light-transmitting layer 102 and the protective layer 103, etc.) in the first embodiment, and the details are referred to above, which will not be repeated here. The difference is that at least one second optical element 122 adjusts the light to a second adjustment angle ω2 that is different from the first adjustment angle ω1, so more light output angle options can be obtained when using at least one first optical element 121 and at least one second optical element 122 to more accurately meet the required display effect. For example, at least one second optical element 122 adjusts the second initial angle θ2 (which may be substantially the same as the first initial angle θ1) of the light emitted from at least one second person 111B to a second adjustment angle ω2 that is smaller than the second initial angle θ2 and larger than the first adjustment angle ω1, so at least one second optical element 122 can achieve the effects of focusing and reducing the light output angle together with at least one first optical element 121, but to a lesser extent than at least one first optical element 121. In some embodiments, the difference between the second initial angle θ2 and the second adjustment angle ω2 is 5° to 50°, such as 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, or 50°. If the difference is too small, it may not have a significant effect on changing the viewing angle. If the difference is too large, it may over-focus the light and cause negative effects such as display displacement, and it may not have a significant difference from at least one first optical element 121. In some embodiments, the second adjustment angle ω2 is 40° to 85°, such as 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, or 85°. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the at least one second optical element 122 is greater than the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the at least one first optical element 121. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the at least one second optical element 122 is preferably 10 μm to 50 μm, such as 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm or 50 μm. In some embodiments, the projection area of the at least one second optical element 122 on the substrate 101 is smaller than the projection area of the at least one first optical element 121 on the substrate 101.

The second embodiment is described below, as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2B. Since the light has different light-emitting viewing angles when passing through at least one first optical element 121 and at least one second optical element 122, the selection of different light-emitting viewing angles can be achieved by using independent circuits of at least one first element 111A and at least one second element 111B to make at least one first element 111A, at least one second element 111B or a combination thereof emit light as in the first embodiment above. The detailed light-emitting method can refer to the first embodiment and will not be described in detail here. In some embodiments, the colors emitted by at least one first element 111A and at least one second element 111B are substantially the same, so the selection of the light-emitting viewing angle can be adjusted for a specific color to obtain the desired color with various wide and narrow viewing angle ranges.

In the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the LED structure 100 further includes a plurality of second-type LEDs 112, a plurality of third-type LEDs 113, at least one third optical element 123, and at least one fourth optical element 124. The third embodiment is basically a variation of the first embodiment, for example, including a combination of three structures as shown in the first embodiment, so the details can be referred to above and will not be repeated here. However, the difference is that the second-type LED 112 and the third-type LED 113 corresponding to the first-type LED 111 in the third embodiment may have different luminous colors (indicated by different dots in the figure), and the light emitting viewing angles of the at least one third optical element 123 and the at least one fourth optical element 124 corresponding to the at least one first optical element 121 in the third embodiment may be different. In some embodiments, the light emitted by the first type LED 111 is red, the light emitted by the second type LED 112 is green, and the light emitted by the third type LED 113 is blue, so that the light output angle can be adjusted through at least one first optical element 121, at least one third optical element 123, and at least one fourth optical element 124, and multiple colors with different light output angles can be obtained to enhance the display effect. In detail, referring to FIG. 1B , at least one first optical element 121 is located on at least one first one 111A of the first type LED 111 to adjust the first initial angle θ1 of the emitted light to a first adjustment angle ω1 that is smaller than the first initial angle θ1; at least one third optical element 123 is located on at least one third one 112A of the second type LED 112 to adjust the third initial angle θ3 of the emitted light to a third adjustment angle ω3 that is smaller than the third initial angle θ3; and at least one fourth optical element 124 is located on at least one fourth one 113A of the third type LED 113 to adjust the fourth initial angle θ4 of the emitted light to a fourth adjustment angle ω4 that is smaller than the fourth initial angle θ4. In addition, similar to the first embodiment, at least one first optical element 121 is only located on at least one first 111A of the first type LED 111 and not on at least one second 111B; at least one third optical element 123 is only located on at least one third 112A of the second type LED 112 and not on at least one fifth 112B; and at least one fourth optical element 124 is only located on at least one fourth 113A of the third type LED 113 and not on at least one sixth 113B.

The third embodiment is described below, as shown in FIG3. In some embodiments, at least one first optical element 121, at least one third optical element 123, and at least one fourth optical element 124, and at least one first 111A, at least one third 112A, and at least one fourth 113A covered by each of them are repeatedly arranged along the first direction DIR1 on the substrate 101, and are not limited to the number shown in FIG3. In some embodiments, at least one second 111B, at least one fifth 112B, and at least one sixth 113B are repeatedly arranged along the second direction DIR2 parallel to the first direction DIR1 on the substrate 101, and are not limited to the number shown in FIG3. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of at least one third optical element 123 and the radius of curvature of at least one fourth optical element 124 are substantially the same as the radius of curvature of at least one first optical element 121, so as to perform similar light emitting viewing angle adjustment on at least one first object 111A, at least one third object 112A, and at least one fourth object 113A of different colors to obtain a more consistent light emitting effect.

In the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 , the LED structure 100 further includes a plurality of second-type LEDs 112, a plurality of third-type LEDs 113, at least one third optical element 123, at least one fourth optical element 124, at least one fifth optical element 125, and at least one sixth optical element 126. The fourth embodiment is basically a variation of the second embodiment, for example, including a combination of three structures as shown in the second embodiment, so the details can be referred to above, and will not be repeated here. However, the difference is that in the fourth embodiment, the light emitting colors of the second type light emitting diode 112 and the third type light emitting diode 113 corresponding to the first type light emitting diode 111 may be different (indicated by different dots in the figure); the light emitting viewing angles of the at least one third optical element 123 and the at least one fourth optical element 124 corresponding to the at least one first optical element 121 may be different; and the light emitting viewing angles of the at least one fifth optical element 125 and the at least one sixth optical element 126 corresponding to the at least one second optical element 122 may be different. In some embodiments, the light emitted by the first type LED 111 is red, the light emitted by the second type LED 112 is green, and the light emitted by the third type LED 113 is blue, so that the light output angle can be adjusted through at least one first optical element 121, at least one second optical element 122, at least one third optical element 123, at least one fourth optical element 124, at least one fifth optical element 125 and at least one sixth optical element 126, and multiple colors with different light output angles can be obtained to enhance the display effect. In detail, and referring to FIG. 2B, at least one first optical element 121 and at least one second optical element 122 are respectively disposed on at least one first 111A and at least one second 111B of the first type light emitting diode 111 to adjust the first initial angle θ1 and the second initial angle θ2 of the emitted light to a first adjustment angle ω1 and a second adjustment angle ω2 respectively smaller than the first initial angle θ1 and the second initial angle θ2, wherein the second adjustment angle ω2 is greater than the first adjustment angle ω1; at least one third optical element 123 and at least one fifth optical element 125 are respectively disposed on at least one third 112A and at least one fifth 112B of the second type light emitting diode 112 to adjust the emitted light to a first adjustment angle ω1 and a second adjustment angle ω2 respectively smaller than the first initial angle θ1 and the second initial angle θ2. The third initial angle θ3 and the fifth initial angle θ5 are respectively adjusted to the third adjustment angle ω3 and the fifth adjustment angle ω5 which are smaller than the third initial angle θ3 and the fifth initial angle θ5, wherein the fifth adjustment angle ω5 is larger than the third adjustment angle ω3; and at least one fourth optical element 124 and at least one sixth optical element 126 are respectively located on at least one fourth 113A and at least one sixth 113B in the third type light-emitting diode 113 to adjust the fourth initial angle θ4 and the sixth initial angle θ6 of the emitted light to the fourth adjustment angle ω4 and the sixth adjustment angle ω6 which are smaller than the fourth initial angle θ4 and the sixth initial angle θ6, wherein the sixth adjustment angle ω6 is larger than the fourth adjustment angle ω4.

The fourth embodiment is described below, as shown in FIG4. In some embodiments, at least one first optical element 121, at least one third optical element 123, and at least one fourth optical element 124, and at least one first 111A, at least one third 112A, and at least one fourth 113A covered by each of them are repeatedly arranged on the substrate 101 along the first direction DIR1, and are not limited to the number shown in FIG4. In some embodiments, at least one second optical element 122, at least one fifth optical element 125, and at least one sixth optical element 126, and at least one second 111B, at least one fifth 112B, and at least one sixth 113B covered by each of them are repeatedly arranged on the substrate 101 along the second direction DIR2 parallel to the first direction DIR1, and are not limited to the number shown in FIG4. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of at least one third optical element 123 and the radius of curvature of at least one fourth optical element 124 are substantially the same as the radius of curvature of at least one first optical element 121, so as to perform similar light-emitting viewing angle adjustment on at least one first object 111A, at least one third object 112A, and at least one fourth object 113A of different colors, so as to obtain a more consistent light-emitting effect. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of at least one fifth optical element 125 and the radius of curvature of at least one sixth optical element 126 are substantially the same as the radius of curvature of at least one second optical element 122, so as to perform similar light-emitting viewing angle adjustment on at least one second object 111B, at least one fifth object 112B, and at least one sixth object 113B of different colors, so as to obtain a more consistent light-emitting effect.

The present disclosure also discloses another LED structure. The LED structure includes a substrate, a plurality of LED groups and at least one first optical element group. The LED groups are on the substrate and each of the LED groups includes a red LED, a green LED and a blue LED. The at least one first optical element group is located on at least one first of the LED groups, and the at least one first optical element group adjusts the first initial angle of light emitted from the at least one first to a first adjustment angle, and the first adjustment angle is less than the first initial angle. Next, the aforementioned LED structure is described in detail according to the implementation method.

Referring to FIGS. 5A to 12C , the LED structure 200 includes a substrate 201, a plurality of LED groups 211, and at least one first optical element group 221, wherein FIGS. 5B , 6B , 7B , and 8B are cross-sectional views of the top perspective views of FIGS. 5A , 6A , 7A , and 8A taken along lines C-C, D-D, E-E, and F-F, respectively. The aforementioned elements are described in detail in sequence below.

First, the substrate 201 is described, and reference may be made to FIGS. 5A to 12C. The substrate 201 includes a circuit that is not shown in the figure and is used to drive the LED group 211 to emit light, such as a transistor that drives the LED group 211 to emit light by turning on and off. In some embodiments, these circuits (or transistors) each independently control the corresponding LED group 211 to achieve the control of some LED groups 211 to emit light and some LED groups 211 not to emit light (details will be described later). In some embodiments, the substrate 201 includes any feasible semiconductor substrate, and reference may be made to the material of the substrate 101 above, so it will not be repeated here.

Next, the plurality of LED groups 211 are described, and reference may be made to FIGS. 5A to 12C. The plurality of LED groups 211 are located on the substrate 201 to serve as display light sources. In some embodiments, each of the LED groups 211 includes a red LED 211r, a green LED 211g, and a blue LED 211b to obtain different light output colors. The features of the red LED 211r, the green LED 211g, and the blue LED 211b (e.g., size, material, circuits thereunder, etc.) are basically the same as the features of the first type LED 111, the second type LED 112, and the third type LED 113 described above, and therefore will not be described again here. In some embodiments, the red LED 211r, the green LED 211g, and the blue LED 211b are arranged linearly along a direction on the substrate 201, but other arrangements not shown may also be feasible, such as a triangle or an L shape.

Next, the at least one first optical element set 221 is described, with reference to FIGS. 5A to 12C. The at least one first optical element set 221 is located on at least one first one 211A of the plurality of LED sets 211, so that the at least one first optical element set 221 can adjust the angle of light emitted from the at least one first one 211A. For example, at least one first optical element set 221 adjusts the first initial angle θ7 of the light emitted from at least one first person 211A to a first adjustment angle ω7, wherein the first initial angle θ7 is the maximum angle between the travel direction D3 of the light emitted from the at least one first person 211A before adjustment and the direction Z2 perpendicular to the substrate 201 when the at least one first optical element set 221 is regarded as a geometric body; and the first adjustment angle ω7 is the maximum angle between the travel direction D4 of the light after adjustment through the other geometric body and the direction Z2 perpendicular to the substrate 201 when the at least one first optical element set 221 is regarded as another geometric body. In some embodiments, the light travel direction D3 and the travel direction D4 with the maximum angles are respectively the positions where at least 50% of the light intensity (relative to the maximum light intensity value that can be measured) can be measured before and after the light is adjusted. In some embodiments, the first adjustment angle ω7 is less than the first initial angle θ7 to achieve effects such as focusing and reducing the light output angle. In some embodiments, the difference between the first initial angle θ7 and the first adjustment angle ω7 is 5° to 60°, such as 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 55° or 60°. If the difference is too small, it may not have a significant effect on changing the viewing angle. If the difference is too large, it may over-focus the light and cause negative effects such as display displacement. In some embodiments, the first adjustment angle ω7 is 30° to 85°, such as 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80° or 85°.

Continuing to explain at least one first optical element group 221, reference may be made to FIGS. 5A to 12C. In some embodiments, at least one first optical element group 221 includes a curved surface and the curved surface protrudes in a direction away from at least one first person 211A. In some embodiments, at least one first optical element group 221 is a convex lens. In some embodiments, the size of at least one first optical element group 221 is in the micron order. In some embodiments, the surface of at least one first optical element group 221 has a coating, such as an anti-reflective coating, etc. In some embodiments, at least one first optical element group 221 includes a single material or multiple layers of material, such as a single material having substantially a single refractive index, or a multiple layer of material in which each layer has a different refractive index and the refractive index gradually increases in a direction away from at least one first person 211A. In some implementations, the aforementioned material is substantially the same as the material of the at least one first optical element 121 described above, and will not be described in detail herein.

In some embodiments, the LED structure 200 may further include a light-transmitting layer 202, and reference may be made to FIGS. 5A to 12C. The light-transmitting layer 202 is located between at least one first element 211A and at least one first optical element set 221 to serve as a medium through which light passes and to help adjust the focusing degree of light passing through at least one first optical element set 221. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 202 is less than the refractive index of at least one first optical element set 221. In some embodiments, the distance L2 between at least one first element 211A and at least one first optical element set 221 or the thickness T2 of the light-transmitting layer 202 corresponding to the distance L2 is preferably 10 μm to 150 μm, such as 10 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm or 150 μm. In some embodiments, the ratio of the distance L2 to the radius of curvature of at least one first optical element group 221 is preferably 0.1 to 4, such as 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In some embodiments, the LED structure 200 may further include a protective layer 203, and reference may be made to FIGS. 5A to 12C. The protective layer 203 (or flat layer) is located on at least one first optical element group 221 to serve as a protective structure for possible elements thereunder and to provide a flat surface for possible elements thereon. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the protective layer 203 is less than the refractive index of the at least one first optical element group 221 to help increase the amount of light emitted from the at least one first optical element group 221.

Next, a detailed embodiment is used to illustrate possible variations of the light-emitting diode structure 200. Without further explanation, the above features are applicable to the following variations, so the relevant features can be found in the above text and may not be described in detail below.

In the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5B, at least one first optical element set 221 includes a first optical element 221A. In some embodiments, the projection area of the first optical element 221A on the substrate 201 completely covers or is larger than the projection area of the red LED 211r, the green LED 211g, and the blue LED 211b on the substrate 201, so as to ensure that the first optical element 221A effectively and in accordance with the expected adjustment of the light output angle. In some embodiments, the center of the first optical element 221A is aligned with the geometric center of the red LED 211r, the green LED 211g, and the blue LED 211b, so as to ensure that the first optical element 221A effectively and in accordance with the expected adjustment of the light output angle. In some implementations, the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the first optical element 221A is preferably 10 µm to 50 µm, such as 10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm or 50 µm.

The fifth embodiment is described below, as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5B. In some embodiments, at least one first optical element group 221 is only located on at least one first diode group 211A and not on at least one second diode group 211B. In other words, in a top view, at least one first optical element group 221 overlaps at least one first diode group 211A but does not overlap at least one second diode group 211B. Therefore, the light emitted from at least one second diode group 211B substantially has an unadjusted first initial angle θ7, and the independent circuits of at least one first diode group 211A and at least one second diode group 211B can achieve different light output angles by making at least one first diode group 211A, at least one second diode group 211B or a combination thereof emit light. For example, when a narrow light emission angle is required, at least one first object 211A can be illuminated but at least one second object 211B can be disabled. For example, when a wide light emission angle is required, at least one second object 211B can be illuminated but at least one first object 211A can be disabled, or at least one first object 211A and at least one second object 211B can be illuminated.

In the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6A to 6B, at least one first optical element group 221 includes a first optical element 221B, a first optical element 221C, and a first optical element 221D, and the first optical element 221B, the first optical element 221C, and the first optical element 221D are respectively aligned with the red LED 211r, the green LED 211g, and the blue LED 211b. In some embodiments, the projection areas of the first optical element 221B, the first optical element 221C, and the first optical element 221D on the substrate 201 respectively completely cover or are larger than the projection areas of the red LED 211r, the green LED 211g, and the blue LED 211b on the substrate 201 to ensure that the first optical element 221B, the first optical element 221C, and the first optical element 221D can effectively and expectedly adjust the light output angle. In some embodiments, the centers of the first optical element 221B, the first optical element 221C, and the first optical element 221D are aligned with the centers of the red LED 211r, the green LED 211g, and the blue LED 211b, respectively, to ensure that the first optical element 221B, the first optical element 221C, and the first optical element 221D effectively and predictably adjust the light output angle. In some embodiments, the curvature radius of the curved surface of each of the first optical element 221B, the first optical element 221C, and the first optical element 221D is preferably 10 µm to 50 µm, such as 10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm, or 50 µm. In some embodiments, the curvature radius of the curved surfaces of the first optical element 221B, the first optical element 221C, and the first optical element 221D are substantially the same, so as to adjust the light output angles of different colors similarly, so as to obtain a more consistent light output effect. In some embodiments, the first optical element 221B, the first optical element 221C, and the first optical element 221D are separated or substantially directly contacted.

The sixth embodiment is described below, as shown in FIGS. 6A to 6B. In some embodiments, at least one first optical element group 221 is only located on at least one first diode 211A in the diode group 211 and is not located on at least one second diode 211B. Therefore, similar to the fifth embodiment, the light emitted from at least one second diode 211B substantially has an unadjusted first initial angle θ7, and the independent circuits of at least one first diode 211A and at least one second diode 211B can achieve different light output angles by making at least one first diode 211A, at least one second diode 211B or a combination thereof emit light. The detailed light emission method can refer to the fifth embodiment, which will not be described here.

In the seventh embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7B, similar to the fifth embodiment, the LED structure 200 further includes at least one second optical element group 222 located on at least one second element 211B in the LED group 211. The at least one second optical element group 222 and its features relative to other elements (such as the substrate 201, the at least one second element 211B, the light-transmitting layer 202 and the protective layer 203, etc.) are substantially the same as the at least one first optical element group 221 and its features relative to other elements (such as the substrate 201, the at least one first element 211A, the light-transmitting layer 202 and the protective layer 203, etc.) in the fifth embodiment, and the details are referred to above, which will not be repeated here. However, the difference is that at least one second optical element group 222 adjusts the light to a second adjustment angle ω8 that is different from the first adjustment angle ω7. Therefore, when using at least one first optical element group 221 and at least one second optical element group 222, more light output angles can be selected to more accurately meet the required display effect. For example, at least one second optical element group 222 adjusts the second initial angle θ8 (which may be substantially the same as the first initial angle θ7) of the light emitted from at least one second person 211B to a second adjustment angle ω8 that is smaller than the second initial angle θ8 and larger than the first adjustment angle ω7. Therefore, at least one second optical element group 222 and at least one first optical element group 221 can achieve the effects of focusing and reducing the light output angle, but the degree is smaller than that of at least one first optical element group 221. In some embodiments, the difference between the second initial angle θ8 and the second adjustment angle ω8 is 5° to 50°, such as 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, or 50°. If the difference is too small, it may not have a significant effect on changing the viewing angle. If the difference is too large, it may over-focus the light and cause negative effects such as display displacement, and it may not be significantly different from at least one first optical element group 221. In some embodiments, the second adjustment angle ω8 is 40° to 85°, such as 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, or 85°. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the second optical element 222A of the at least one second optical element group 222 is greater than the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the at least one first optical element 221A of the first optical element group 221. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the second optical element 222A is preferably 10 µm to 50 µm, such as 10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm or 50 µm.

The seventh embodiment is described below, as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7B. Since the light has different light-emitting angles when passing through at least one first optical element set 221 and at least one second optical element set 222, the at least one first element 211A, at least one second element 211B or a combination thereof can be made to emit light through independent circuits of at least one first element 211A and at least one second element 211B as in the fifth embodiment above, so as to achieve the selection of different light-emitting angles. The detailed light-emitting method can refer to the fifth embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

In the eighth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8B, similar to the sixth embodiment, the LED structure 200 further includes at least one second optical element set 222 located on at least one second element 211B in the LED set 211. The at least one second optical element set 222 and its features relative to other elements (such as the substrate 201, the at least one second element 211B, the light-transmitting layer 202 and the protective layer 203, etc.) are substantially the same as the at least one first optical element set 221 and its features relative to other elements (such as the substrate 201, the at least one first element 211A, the light-transmitting layer 202 and the protective layer 203, etc.) in the sixth embodiment, and the details are referred to above, which will not be repeated here. However, the difference is that at least one second optical element group 222 adjusts the light to a second adjustment angle ω8 that is different from the first adjustment angle ω7. Therefore, when using at least one first optical element group 221 and at least one second optical element group 222, more light output angles can be selected to more accurately meet the required display effect. For example, at least one second optical element group 222 adjusts the second initial angle θ8 (which may be substantially the same as the first initial angle θ7) of the light emitted from at least one second person 211B to a second adjustment angle ω8 that is smaller than the second initial angle θ8 and larger than the first adjustment angle ω7. Therefore, at least one second optical element group 222 and at least one first optical element group 221 can achieve the effects of focusing and reducing the light output angle, but the degree is smaller than that of at least one first optical element group 221. In some embodiments, the difference between the second initial angle θ8 and the second adjustment angle ω8 is 5° to 50°, such as 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, or 50°. If the difference is too small, it may not have a significant effect on changing the viewing angle. If the difference is too large, it may over-focus the light and cause negative effects such as display displacement, and it may not be significantly different from at least one first optical element group 221. In some embodiments, the second adjustment angle ω8 is 40° to 85°, such as 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, or 85°. In some embodiments, the curvature radius of the curved surface of the second optical element 222B, the second optical element 222C, and the second optical element 222D of the at least one second optical element group 222 is respectively greater than the curvature radius of the curved surface of the first optical element 221B, the first optical element 221C, and the first optical element 221D of the at least one first optical element group 221. In some embodiments, the curvature radius of the curved surface of the second optical element 222B, the second optical element 222C, and the second optical element 222D is preferably 10 μm to 50 μm, such as 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, or 50 μm.

The eighth embodiment is described below, as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8B. Since the light has different light-emitting viewing angles after passing through at least one first optical element set 221 and at least one second optical element set 222, the at least one first element 211A, at least one second element 211B or a combination thereof can be made to emit light through independent circuits of at least one first element 211A and at least one second element 211B as in the sixth embodiment above, so as to achieve the selection of different light-emitting viewing angles. The detailed light-emitting method can refer to the sixth embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

In the ninth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 9A to 9C, similar to the fifth embodiment, the number of at least one first optical element set 221 may be plural. In some embodiments, the number ratio of at least one first optical element set 221 to the number of the LED set 211 is 1/4 to 3/4, such as 1/4 (corresponding to FIG. 9A), 2/4 (corresponding to FIG. 9B) or 3/4 (corresponding to FIG. 9C), etc., so that when all the LED sets 211 emit light, there is a moderate degree of focus and the imaging resolution is improved. In some embodiments, the number of at least one first optical element set 221 is plural and is arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner when viewed from above (corresponding to FIG. 9B), so as to further improve the degree of focus and the imaging resolution.

In the tenth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C, similar to the sixth embodiment, the number of at least one first optical element set 221 may be plural. In some embodiments, the number ratio of at least one first optical element set 221 to the number of the LED set 211 is 1/4 to 3/4, such as 1/4 (corresponding to FIG. 10A), 2/4 (corresponding to FIG. 10B) or 3/4 (corresponding to FIG. 10C), etc., so that when all the LED sets 211 emit light, there is a moderate degree of focus and the imaging resolution is improved. In some embodiments, the number of at least one first optical element set 221 is plural and is arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner when viewed from above (corresponding to FIG. 10B), so as to further improve the degree of focus and the imaging resolution.

In the eleventh embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C , similar to the seventh embodiment, the number of the at least one first optical element set 221 and the at least one second optical element set 222 may be plural. In some embodiments, the quantity ratio of at least one first optical element group 221 to the LED group 211 is 1/4 to 3/4, such as 1/4 (corresponding to FIG. 11A ), 2/4 (corresponding to FIG. 11B ) or 3/4 (corresponding to FIG. 11C ), etc.; and the quantity ratio of at least one second optical element group 222 to the LED group 211 is 1/4 to 3/4, such as 1/4 (corresponding to FIG. 11C ), 2/4 (corresponding to FIG. 11B ) or 3/4 (corresponding to FIG. 11A ), etc., so as to have a moderate focusing degree and improve the imaging resolution when all the LED groups 211 emit light. In some embodiments, the ratio of the at least one first optical element group 221 to the at least one second optical element group 222 is preferably 1/3:1 to 3:1, such as 1/3:1 (corresponding to FIG. 11A), 1:1 (corresponding to FIG. 11B), or 3:1 (corresponding to FIG. 11C), etc. In some embodiments, the at least one first optical element group 221 and the at least one second optical element group 222 are plural in number and the at least one first optical element group 221 and the at least one second optical element group 222 are arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner when viewed from above (corresponding to FIG. 11B), so as to further improve the focusing degree and enhance the imaging resolution.

In the twelfth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 12A to 12C , similar to the eighth embodiment, the number of the at least one first optical element set 221 and the at least one second optical element set 222 may be plural. In some embodiments, the quantity ratio of at least one first optical element group 221 to the LED group 211 is 1/4 to 3/4, such as 1/4 (corresponding to FIG. 12A ), 2/4 (corresponding to FIG. 12B ) or 3/4 (corresponding to FIG. 12C ), etc.; and the quantity ratio of at least one second optical element group 222 to the LED group 211 is 1/4 to 3/4, such as 1/4 (corresponding to FIG. 12C ), 2/4 (corresponding to FIG. 12B ) or 3/4 (corresponding to FIG. 12A ), etc., so as to have a moderate focusing degree and improve the imaging resolution when all the LED groups 211 emit light. In some embodiments, the ratio of the at least one first optical element group 221 to the at least one second optical element group 222 is preferably 1/3:1 to 3:1, such as 1/3:1 (corresponding to FIG. 12A), 1:1 (corresponding to FIG. 12B), or 3:1 (corresponding to FIG. 12C), etc. In some embodiments, the at least one first optical element group 221 and the at least one second optical element group 222 are plural in number, and the at least one first optical element group 221 and the at least one second optical element group 222 are arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner when viewed from above (corresponding to FIG. 12B), so as to further improve the focusing degree and enhance the imaging resolution.

The light-emitting diode structure disclosed in the present invention can control the light output angle and has good resolution to meet various display requirements.

The present disclosure is described in considerable detail in some embodiments, but other embodiments may also be possible, and thus the description of the embodiments contained in the present disclosure should not limit the scope and spirit of the appended patent applications.

For those with ordinary knowledge in the art, the present disclosure may be modified and altered without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. As long as the aforementioned modifications and alterations fall within the scope and spirit of the attached patent application, the present disclosure shall cover these modifications and alterations.

100, 200: LED structure 101, 201: substrate 102, 202: light-transmitting layer 103, 203: protective layer 111: first type LED 111A: at least one first element 111B: at least one second element 112: second type LED 112A: at least one third element 112B: at least one fifth element 113: third type LED 113A: at least one fourth element 113B: at least one sixth element 121: at least one first optical element 122: at least one second optical element 123: at least one third optical element 124: at least one fourth optical element 125: at least one fifth optical element 126: at least one sixth optical element 211: LED group 211A: at least one first one 211B: at least one second one 211b: blue LED 211g: green LED 211r: red LED 221: at least one first optical element group 221A, 221B, 221C, 221D: first optical element 222: at least one second optical element group 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D: second optical element A-A, B-B, C-C, D-D, E-E, F-F: line DIR1: first direction DIR2: second direction D1, D2, D3, D4: travel direction L1, L2: distance T1, T2: thickness Z1, Z2: direction θ1, θ7: first initial angle ω1, ω7: first adjustment angle θ2, θ8: second initial angle ω2, ω8: second adjustment angle θ3: third initial angle ω3: third adjustment angle θ4: fourth initial angle ω4: fourth adjustment angle θ5: fifth initial angle ω5: fifth adjustment angle θ6: sixth initial angle ω6: sixth adjustment angle

When reading the drawings of this disclosure, it is recommended to understand the various aspects of this disclosure from the detailed description below. It should be noted that, in accordance with standard industry practices, various feature sizes may not be drawn to scale. And in order to make the discussion clear, various feature sizes may be increased or reduced. And in order to simplify the drawings, conventional features and structures will be shown in a simple schematic manner in the drawings. Figures 1A to 1B and Figures 2A to 2B are top perspective views and cross-sectional views of the light-emitting diode structure according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the disclosure, respectively. Figures 3 and 4 are top perspective views of the light-emitting diode structure according to the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment of the disclosure, respectively. Figures 5A to 5B, 6A to 6B, 7A to 7B, and 8A to 8B are top perspective views and cross-sectional views of the light-emitting diode structure according to the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively. Figures 9A to 9C, 10A to 10C, 11A to 11C, and 12A to 12C are top perspective views of the light-emitting diode structure according to the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.

Domestic storage information (please note in the order of storage institution, date, and number) None Foreign storage information (please note in the order of storage country, institution, date, and number) None

100: LED structure

101: Substrate

102: Translucent layer

103: Protective layer

111A: At least one first person

111B: At least one second person

112A: At least one third party

112B: At least one fifth party

113A: At least one fourth person

113B: At least one sixth person

121: At least one first optical element

122: At least one second optical element

123: At least one third optical element

124: At least one fourth optical element

125: At least one fifth optical element

126: At least one sixth optical element

D1, D2: Direction of travel

L1: Distance

T1:Thickness

Z1: Direction

θ1: first initial angle

ω1: First adjustment angle

θ2: Second initial angle

ω2: Second adjustment angle

θ3: The third initial angle

ω3: The third adjustment angle

θ4: the fourth initial angle

ω4: The fourth adjustment angle

θ5: The fifth initial angle

ω5: The fifth adjustment angle

θ6: Sixth initial angle

ω6: Sixth adjustment angle

Claims (6)

A light-emitting diode structure, comprising: a substrate; a plurality of first-type light-emitting diodes on the substrate; at least one first optical element located on at least one first of the first-type light-emitting diodes, the at least one first optical element adjusting a first initial angle of light emitted from the at least one first to a first adjustment angle, the first adjustment angle being smaller than the first initial angle, and a difference between the first initial angle and the first adjustment angle being 5° to 60°; and at least one second optical element located on at least one second of the first-type light-emitting diodes, the at least one second optical element adjusting a second initial angle of light emitted from the at least one second to a second adjustment angle, and the second adjustment angle being smaller than the second initial angle and larger than the first adjustment angle. The LED structure as described in claim 1, wherein the at least one first optical element is only located on at least one first one of the first type LEDs. The LED structure as described in claim 1, wherein the colors of light emitted by the first type LEDs are substantially the same. A light-emitting diode structure, comprising: a substrate; a plurality of first-type light-emitting diodes on the substrate and the color of the light emitted by the first-type light-emitting diodes is red; a plurality of second-type light-emitting diodes on the substrate and the color of the light emitted by the second-type light-emitting diodes is green; a plurality of third-type light-emitting diodes on the substrate and the color of the light emitted by the third-type light-emitting diodes is blue; at least one first optical element is located on at least one first of the first-type light-emitting diodes, the at least one first optical element adjusts a first initial angle of light emitted from the at least one first to a first adjustment angle, the first adjustment angle is less than the first initial angle, and a difference between the first initial angle and the first adjustment angle is 5° to 60°; At least one second optical element is located on at least one second of the second type LEDs, and the at least one second optical element adjusts a second initial angle of light emitted from the at least one second to a second adjustment angle, and the second adjustment angle is smaller than the second initial angle; and At least one third optical element is located on at least one third of the third type LEDs, and the at least one third optical element adjusts a third initial angle of light emitted from the at least one third to a third adjustment angle, and the third adjustment angle is smaller than the third initial angle. The LED structure as described in claim 4, wherein a radius of curvature of the at least one second optical element and a radius of curvature of the at least one third optical element are substantially the same as a radius of curvature of the at least one first optical element. The LED structure as described in claim 4 further includes: At least one fourth optical element is located on at least one fourth of the second type LEDs, and the at least one fourth optical element adjusts a fourth initial angle of light emitted from the at least one fourth to a fourth adjustment angle, and the fourth adjustment angle is smaller than the fourth initial angle and larger than the second adjustment angle; and At least one fifth optical element is located on at least one fifth of the third type LEDs, and the at least one fifth optical element adjusts a fifth initial angle of light emitted from the at least one fifth to a fifth adjustment angle, and the fifth adjustment angle is smaller than the fifth initial angle and larger than the third adjustment angle.

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