TWI862399B - Spraying greening material and spraying greening method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a spray greening material and a spray greening method that improve the runoff resistance and erosion resistance during rainfall even before the growth of plants. A spray greening material is prepared by mixing a soil erosion inhibitor, fiber, adhesive, fertilizer, and seeds. In the spray greening material, the soil erosion inhibitor is mainly composed of a synthetic resin emulsion, the viscosity η is 1000 mPa·s＜η≦3200 mPa·s, the blending amount is 60 g to 200 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area, and the blending amount of the fiber is 80 g to 170 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area.

Description

Spraying greening material and spraying greening method

The present invention relates to a spraying greening material and a spraying greening method for spraying on a surface such as a slope to carry out greening.

A spraying greening method is known in which a spraying greening material is sprayed onto a ground surface such as a slope to perform greening. For example, Patent Document 1 describes the following: a spraying greening method is performed by spraying a slurry-like mixture onto the ground surface using a soil sprayer, and early sterile annual plants cover the ground surface to form a green space, thereby preventing soil erosion, wherein the slurry-like mixture is prepared by putting soil, soil erosion prevention materials, adhesives, fertilizers, etc., other than crappie cuttings and sterile annual plants, and water into a mixer and mixing.

In addition, Patent Document 1 states that as a soil erosion inhibitor, for example, "Kuricoat (registered trademark) C-710" having a synthetic resin emulsion as a main component is used, as an adhesive, for example, "Kuricoat (registered trademark) C-402" having a water-soluble synthetic polymer as a main component is used, and as the amount of spray greening materials per unit spraying area, it is preferably kurapi 96 (g/m ² ), foreign soil 12 (g/m ² ), soil erosion inhibitor 24 (g/m ² ), adhesive 0.6 (g/m ² ), fertilizer 60 (g/m ² ), sterile annual plant seeds 15-30 (g/m ² ). [Prior art literature] [Patent literature]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-122265

[Problem to be solved by the invention] As is well known, greening is effective in preventing erosion as described above. However, due to recent rainfall caused by abnormal weather such as sudden heavy rain or large typhoons, sprayed greening materials may flow out or be eroded before plants grow. Therefore, in the present invention, its purpose is to provide a sprayed greening material and a sprayed greening method that improve the flow resistance and erosion resistance during rainfall even before the growth of plants. [Means for solving the problem]

The spray greening material of the present invention is a mixture of soil corrosion inhibitor, fiber, adhesive, fertilizer, and seeds. The spray greening material is characterized in that the soil corrosion inhibitor is mainly composed of synthetic resin emulsion, the viscosity η is 1000 mPa·s＜η≦3200 mPa·s, the mixing amount is 60 g to 200 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area, and the mixing amount of fiber is 80 g to 170 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area. In addition, in this specification, the numerical range represented by "～" refers to the numerical range including the numerical values before and after "～" as the lower limit and upper limit.

Soil corrosion inhibitors with synthetic resin emulsion as the main component and viscosity η of 1000 mPa·s＜η≦3200 mPa·s were originally used to form a strong consolidation layer on the bare surface of landfill or construction land (developed land) to prevent flying sand, dust, and erosion. The consolidation layer formed by this soil corrosion inhibitor has excellent strength and weather resistance, so it can prevent flying sand for a long time. However, soil corrosion inhibitors with a viscosity of η of 1000 mPa·s＜η≦3200 mPa·s will solidify the soil and hinder the growth of plants, so they cannot be used for spraying greening.

Therefore, in the spray greening material of the present invention, the soil erosion inhibitor is mixed with fibers. Fiber is fiber (pulp) extracted from wood or grass, etc., and the main component is cellulose. Cellulose has the property of being bonded by hydrogen bonds. By setting the soil erosion inhibitor with a viscosity η of 1000 mPa·s＜η≦3200 mPa·s to 60 g to 200 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area, and mixing 80 g to 170 g of fibers per 1 ^m2 spraying area, the agglomeration layer formed by the soil erosion inhibitor has connectivity and agglomerates in a balanced manner to a degree that does not hinder the growth of plants.

Furthermore, the amount of soil erosion inhibitor to be mixed is preferably set to 80 g or more and 180 g or less, and more preferably 160 g or less. When the amount of soil erosion inhibitor to be mixed is less than 60 g per 1 ^m2 of spraying area, the clumping layer becomes weak and there is a possibility that part of it will flow out on the flat surface. In addition, there is a problem that the frequency of flow out becomes higher on a slope with an inclination (about 1:1.0). On the other hand, when the amount of soil erosion inhibitor to be mixed is more than 200 g per 1 ^m2 of spraying area, the clumping layer is too firm and there is a possibility of poor germination.

In addition, the amount of fiber blended is preferably set to 100 g or more or 120 g or more and 160 g or less. When the amount of fiber blended is less than 80 g per 1 ^m2 of spraying area, the bonding property of the agglomeration layer is insufficient and the balance is poor, which may cause poor germination. On the other hand, when the amount of fiber blended exceeds 170 g per 1 ^m2 of spraying area, the balance between the agglomeration layer and the bonding property is poor.

Regarding the adhesive, the ideal amount is 0.100 g to 0.175 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area, and more preferably 0.125 g to 0.150 g. The viscosity η of the soil corrosion inhibitor used in the spray greening material of the present invention is as high as 1000 mPa·s＜η≦3200 mPa·s, so it is difficult to mix and solidifies during mixing. Therefore, by setting the amount of the adhesive to 0.100 g to 0.175 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area, the spray greening material can be mixed evenly. [Effect of the invention]

(1) By spraying a greening material as follows, that is, a soil corrosion inhibitor, fiber, adhesive, fertilizer, and seeds are mixed, and the soil corrosion inhibitor in the greening material is mainly composed of a synthetic resin emulsion, the viscosity η is 1000 mPa·s＜η≦3200 mPa·s, the mixing amount is 60 g to 200 g per 1 ^m2 of the spraying area, and the mixing amount of the fiber is 80 g to 170 g per 1 ^{m2 of} the spraying area. The sprayed greening material of g can form a well-balanced clumping layer to the extent that it does not hinder the growth of plants, and greening can be carried out. The outflow resistance and erosion resistance during rainfall are improved. After the growth of plants, the reduction effect derived from the obstruction of water flow is further utilized by the growing plants to produce a synergistic effect on erosion prevention, thereby obtaining a stronger foundation surface.

(2) By mixing the adhesive in an amount of 0.100 g to 0.175 g per 1 m2 of spraying ^area , the spray greening material can be evenly mixed, thereby enabling stable spraying.

The spray greening material in the embodiment of the present invention is used to spray onto the ground surface such as a slope or a plane to perform greening. The spray greening material in the embodiment is a mixture of soil erosion inhibitor, fiber, adhesive, fertilizer, and seeds. In the spray greening method in the embodiment, the spray greening material in the embodiment is sprayed onto the ground surface by a sprayer such as a hydro seeder or a soil sprayer to perform construction.

The soil corrosion inhibitor has a synthetic resin emulsion as a main component. In addition, the soil corrosion inhibitor uses a viscosity η of 1000 mPa·s＜η≦3200 mPa·s, preferably 1100 mPa·s or more, and even more preferably 1200 mPa·s or more. As a soil corrosion inhibitor, for example, Kuricoat (registered trademark) U-228 Green (Kurita Industry Co., Ltd.), which is a penetrating and consolidating type flying sand, dust, and corrosion inhibitor, can be used.

The physical properties of Kuricoat U-228 Green are as follows: main component: synthetic resin emulsion, appearance: green emulsion, pH (25°C): 6.0-8.0 (neutral), viscosity η (25°C): 500 mPa·s-2000 mPa·s, specific gravity (25°C): 1.04-1.06. As a soil erosion prevention material, the viscosity η of Kuricoat U-228 Green is adjusted to 1000 mPa·s＜η≦2000 mPa·s, more preferably 1100 mPa·s≦η≦2000 mPa·s, and further preferably 1200 mPa·s≦η≦2000 mPa·s. Furthermore, soil erosion prevention materials with a viscosity η exceeding 1000 mPa·s and Kuricoat C-710, a soil erosion prevention agent for slope greening with a synthetic resin emulsion as the main component, have a viscosity of 200 mPa·s to 1000 mPa·s (23°C) and will cause the soil to solidify and hinder plant growth, so they are generally not used in spray greening.

Fiber is fiber (pulp) extracted from wood or grass, etc., and its main component is cellulose. As fiber, for example, Oji fiber (trade name) or Fujimi fiber (trade name) which is a seed spraying material can be used.

The adhesive is mainly composed of a water-soluble synthetic polymer. For example, Kuricoat C-402 (Kurita Industry Co., Ltd.), which is an adhesive for greening projects, can be used. The physical properties of Kuricoat C-402 are as follows: main component: water-soluble synthetic polymer, appearance: white granular powder, pH (20°C): 6.8-8.0 (0.4% solution), viscosity (30°C): 200 mPa·s-500 mPa·s (0.4% solution), volume specific gravity 0.65-0.85.

As fertilizer, chemically synthesized fertilizer can be used. In particular, it is desirable to use highly synthetic fertilizers in which the total content of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium as main components exceeds 30%. As highly synthetic fertilizers, for example, those containing 15% of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium as main components (All 15) can be used.

In the spray greening material of this embodiment, in addition to the soil erosion inhibitor, fiber and adhesive, fertilizer, seeds, water, etc. are also put into a mixer to form a slurry-like mixture. At this time, the amount of soil erosion inhibitor is set to 60 g to 200 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area, and the amount of fiber is set to 80 g to 170 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area. In addition, the amount of adhesive is set to 0.100 g to 0.175 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area. The amount of adhesive is adjusted according to the soil quality.

In addition, in the spray greening material of the present embodiment, the amount of seeds is set to 7.5 g to 20.0 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area, preferably 10.0 g to 17.5 g, and the amount of fertilizer is set to 20 g to 50 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area, preferably 30 g to 40 g. Furthermore, in the spray greening material of the present embodiment, 0.300 g to 0.750 g of color powder is mixed per 1 ^m2 spraying area, preferably 0.400 g to 0.600 g.

On the ground surface sprayed with the greening material in the present embodiment, a clumping layer is formed to a degree that does not hinder the growth of plants and greening is performed. On the ground surface, even before the growth of plants, the runoff resistance and erosion resistance during rainfall are improved by the clumping layer, and after the growth of plants, the reduction effect of the water flow obstruction by the growing plants further produces a synergistic effect on erosion prevention, thereby obtaining a stronger foundation surface. [Example]

The spray greening material in the above-mentioned embodiment was subjected to a construction experiment. Table 1 shows the results of the construction experiment and the blending amount of the spray greening material of the present invention that is considered to be the best.

[Table 1] Category Product Name Per 1 ^m2 Effect degree Fiber Oji Fiber 120 g It can achieve a balance between the consolidation layer and the surface reinforcement, and also ensure water retention capacity fertilizer All 15 30 g No fertilizer sintering was observed, and well-balanced and lush germination was observed. Soil corrosion inhibitor Kuricoat U228G 80 g The hardness and thickness of the consolidation layer should be such that root elongation is possible while preventing erosion. Adhesive Kuricoat C402 0.125 g Stirring of the solution is achieved evenly without compromising performance Toner Matsumin Neo Color MB 0.55 g Able to determine the concentration of spraying work Seed Mixed seeds 15 g Amount of distribution that ensures coverage and clustering

In order to confirm the applicable range of the blending amount of the fiber of the present invention (80 g to 170 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area), construction experiments were conducted with a small amount (70 g) and a large amount (180 g) of fiber based on the blending amount in Table 1. Table 2 shows the results.

[Table 2] Category Product Name Per 1 ^m2 Effect degree ①Confirmation of small amount of deployment Fiber Oji Fiber 70 g The surface reinforcement effect is weak, and erosion is visible at a rainfall of 50 mm/day with only the strength of soil consolidation. Since the water retention effect is also weak, the growth ability is weakened in highly permeable real sand soil. ②Confirmation of large-scale deployment Fiber Oji Fiber 180 g The more solution entangled with the fibers, the less solution is distributed to the cementing layer, and the erosion prevention ability is reduced. The water retention capacity is improved, but the high humidity is maintained and the soil is not dry, which makes erosion more likely to occur even in the subsequent small amount of rainfall.

In order to confirm the applicable range of the fertilizer dosage of the present invention (20 g to 50 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area), the fertilizer was used in a small amount (10 g) and a large amount (60 g) of the fertilizer, based on the dosage in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Table 3] Category Product Name Per 1 ^m2 Effect degree ①Confirmation of small amount of deployment fertilizer All 15 10 g Although it also depends on the state of the basic soil, in soils such as true sands that are poor in nutrients, the coverage and aggregation are significantly reduced. ②Confirmation of large-scale deployment fertilizer All 15 60 g In contrast to a small amount, some fertilizer burning has been observed in dark soils rich in nutrients. This is basically not a problem, but it is considered excessive in terms of cost.

In addition, in order to confirm the applicable range of the amount of the soil corrosion inhibitor of the present invention (60 g to 200 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area), the application test was conducted with a small amount (50 g) and a large amount (210 g) of the soil corrosion inhibitor based on the amount in Table 1. Table 4 shows the results.

[Table 4] Category Product Name Per 1 ^m2 Effect degree ①Confirmation of small amount of deployment Soil corrosion inhibitor Kuricoat U228G 50 g Due to insufficient consolidation capacity, erosion, which is the main performance, cannot be suppressed. Even with rainfall of about 20 mm/day, erosion will occur in the water collection area. ②Confirmation of large-scale deployment Soil corrosion inhibitor Kuricoat U228G 210 g Germination is significantly reduced due to excessive consolidation capacity. Although the consolidation capacity of sandy soils can be utilized, the hardness itself is too high even with the addition of fibers, so germination is reduced.

In order to confirm the applicable range of the amount of the adhesive of the present invention (0.100 g to 0.175 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area), construction experiments were conducted with only a small amount (0.075 g) and a large amount (0.200 g) of the adhesive based on the amount in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 5.

[Table 5] Category Product Name Per 1 ^m2 Effect degree ①Confirmation of small amount of deployment Adhesive Kuricoat C402 0.075 g No effect, uneven mixing ②Confirmation of large-scale deployment Adhesive Kuricoat C402 0.200 g Although the stirring effect can be achieved, the cost is too high.

In order to confirm the applicable range of the toner mixing amount of the present invention (0.300 g to 0.750 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area), the toner was used in a small amount (0.250 g) and a large amount (0.800 g) of the mixing amount as a reference and the application test was conducted. The results are shown in Table 6.

[Table 6] Category Product Name Per 1 ^m2 Effect degree ①Confirmation of small amount of deployment Toner Matsumin Neo Color MB 0.250 g Visibility during spraying is reduced and the amount of mixture applied per unit area is too much. No effect on erosion and germination performance. ②Confirmation of large-scale deployment Toner Matsumin Neo Color MB 0.800 g Contrary to what has been said, the color becomes darker and therefore the amount of spray applied becomes less. No effect on erosion and germination properties.

In order to confirm the applicable range of the amount of the seeds of the present invention (7.5 g to 20.0 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area), a construction experiment was conducted with a small amount (5 g) and a large amount (25 g) of seeds based on the amount in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 7.

[Table 7] Category Product Name Per 1 ^m2 Effect degree ①Confirmation of small amount of deployment Seed Mixed seeds 5 g As a result of keeping the amount of preparation the same, the amount of growth is small, so the secondary corrosion prevention effect, which is the ultimate goal, is weakened. ②Confirmation of large-scale deployment Seed Mixed seeds 25 g The erosion prevention effect is sufficient in terms of ensuring the growth volume, but it is judged to be too much when considering the number of trees per unit area. [Industrial Availability]

The present invention is useful as a spraying greening material and a spraying greening method for greening a ground surface such as a slope by spraying, and is particularly useful as a spraying greening material and a spraying greening method for improving runoff resistance and erosion resistance during rainfall even before plant growth.

Claims (3)

A spray greening material is prepared by mixing a soil erosion inhibitor, fibers, adhesives, fertilizers, and seeds. In the spray greening material, the soil erosion inhibitor is mainly composed of a synthetic resin emulsion, the viscosity η is 1000 mPa·s＜η≦3200 mPa·s, and the mixing amount is 60 g to 200 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area. The mixing amount of the fibers is 80 g to 170 g per 1 ^m2 spraying area. The spray greening material as described in claim 1, wherein the amount of the adhesive is 0.100 g to 0.175 g per 1 ^m2 of spraying area. A spraying greening method comprises spraying the spraying greening material as described in claim 1 or 2 onto a ground surface by a sprayer.