TWI858158B - LCD Panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a liquid crystal panel, which can improve the visibility of a liquid crystal display device while preventing poor display caused by static electricity. The liquid crystal panel of the present invention comprises: a polarizing film with an anti-reflection film, which has an anti-reflection film, a polarizing film and an adhesive layer in the stacking direction, and further has a conductive layer; and a liquid crystal unit. No conductive layer is provided between the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film and the liquid crystal unit. The surface resistivity of the conductive layer of the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film is less than 1.0×10 ⁶ Ω/□. When the polarizing film with anti-reflection film is laminated with the alkali-free glass in a state where the adhesive layer is directly in contact with the alkali-free glass, when light from the CIE standard light source D65 is incident from the surface on the side opposite to the adhesive layer, reflected light with a visual reflectivity Y of less than 1.1% is generated.

Description

LCD Panel

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal panel.

The liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal panel and an illumination system for irradiating light to the liquid crystal panel, and the liquid crystal panel has a structure in which a polarizing film is arranged on a viewing side closer to the liquid crystal unit. The liquid crystal display device applies voltage to the liquid crystal unit to adjust the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal unit to display an image.

Liquid crystal display devices generate static electricity during their manufacture, for example, when a polarizing film is attached to a liquid crystal unit through an adhesive layer, or during use, for example, when a user touches the liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device may be charged due to the static electricity. Once the liquid crystal display device is charged, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal unit will be disordered, resulting in poor display. In order to prevent the liquid crystal display device from having poor display due to static electricity, it is known that, for example, an ITO (indium tin oxide) layer is configured on the surface of the liquid crystal unit on the side of the polarizing film.

However, from the perspective of cost, the above-mentioned ITO layer is sometimes omitted. For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a liquid crystal panel in which the surface of the liquid crystal unit on the side of the polarizing film is not provided with an ITO layer, but the polarizing film with an adhesive layer is directly connected to the liquid crystal unit. Prior Art Documents Patent Documents

Patent document 1: International Publication No. 2018/181477 Patent document 2: Japanese Patent Gazette No. 5679337

Problem to be solved by the invention When a liquid crystal display device without an ITO layer on the surface of the liquid crystal unit on the polarizing film side is used in an environment where static electricity is particularly easy to be generated, such as in an environment where other electronic devices are present around the device, such as in a car, it is difficult to fully prevent poor display caused by static electricity. In addition, when a liquid crystal display device is used as a car display, for example, good visibility is required from the perspective of safety.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal panel that can improve the visibility of a liquid crystal display device while preventing the liquid crystal display device from displaying poorly due to static electricity.

Means for solving the problem The present invention provides a liquid crystal panel, comprising: a polarizing film with an anti-reflection film, which has an anti-reflection film, a polarizing film and an adhesive layer in sequence in the stacking direction, and further has a conductive layer; and a liquid crystal unit; and no conductive layer is provided between the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film and the liquid crystal unit; the surface resistivity of the conductive layer of the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film is less than 1.0×10 ⁶ Ω/□; when the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film is stacked with the alkali-free glass in a manner that the adhesive layer is directly in contact with the alkali-free glass, when light from the CIE standard light source D65 is incident from the surface on the opposite side of the adhesive layer, reflected light with a visual reflectivity Y of less than 1.1% is generated.

Effect of the invention According to the present invention, a liquid crystal panel can be provided, which can improve the visibility of the liquid crystal display device while preventing the liquid crystal display device from displaying poorly due to static electricity.

The following describes the details of the present invention, but the following description is not intended to limit the specific implementation form of the present invention.

(Implementation form of liquid crystal panel) As shown in FIG1 , the liquid crystal panel 100 of the present implementation form has a polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film and a liquid crystal unit 25. There is no conductive layer, such as an ITO layer, between the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film and the liquid crystal unit 25, and the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film is directly or indirectly connected to the liquid crystal unit 25. Other layers other than the conductive layer may be arranged between the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film and the liquid crystal unit 25 within the scope that does not hinder the effect of the present invention. The polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film has an anti-reflection film 10, a polarizing film 20 and an adhesive layer 30 in the stacking direction, and further has a conductive layer 40. The conductive layer 40 is, for example, disposed between the polarizing film 20 and the adhesive layer 30, and is in contact with the polarizing film 20 and the adhesive layer 30, respectively. When the conductive layer 40 is disposed between the polarizing film 20 and the adhesive layer 30, there is a tendency that the conductive layer 40 is inhibited from deteriorating. However, the conductive layer 40 may also be disposed at a position other than between the polarizing film 20 and the adhesive layer 30, for example, between the anti-reflection film 10 and the polarizing film 20.

In the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film, the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 is less than 1.0×10 ⁶ Ω/□. The conductive layer 40 having a surface resistivity as low as this can prevent a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal panel 100 from displaying poorly due to static electricity even in an environment where static electricity is easily generated. The surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 can be determined by the following method. First, a laminate having a surface of the conductive layer 40 exposed to the outside is prepared. Such a laminate can be, for example, a laminate L consisting of a polarizing film 20 and a conductive layer 40. Then, the surface resistivity of the surface of the conductive layer 40 in the prepared laminate is measured. The surface resistivity can be measured in accordance with the method specified in JIS K7194: 1994 or JIS K6911: 1995. For example, when the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 is less than 1.0×10 ⁵ Ω/□, the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 can be measured using Loresta-GP MCP-T600 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the method specified in JIS K7194: 1994. When the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 is greater than 1.0×10 ⁵ Ω/□, the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 can be measured using Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the method specified in JIS K6911: 1995. The measured value obtained by the above measurement can be regarded as the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 in the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film 15.

The surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 is preferably 5.0×10 ⁵ Ω/□ or less, more preferably 1.0×10 ⁵ Ω/□ or less, more preferably 1.0×10 ⁴ Ω/□ or less, and particularly preferably 1.0×10 ³ Ω/□ or less. The lower limit of the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1.0×10 ² Ω/□. When the liquid crystal panel 100 is used in a liquid crystal display device having a touch sensor or a touch panel, the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 may be greater than 5.0×10 ² Ω/□ from the viewpoint of fully ensuring the sensitivity of the touch sensor or the touch panel provided in the liquid crystal display device.

When the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film is laminated with the alkali-free glass in a manner that the adhesive layer 30 is directly in contact with the alkali-free glass, light from the CIE standard light source D65 is incident from the surface on the side opposite to the adhesive layer 30 (typically the surface of the anti-reflection film 10), reflected light with a visual reflectivity Y of less than 1.1% is generated. By generating such reflected light, the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film can suppress light reflection in the liquid crystal panel 100, thereby improving the visibility of the liquid crystal display device. In addition, the visual reflectivity Y means the Y value of the three stimulus values (X, Y and Z) in the XYZ color system (CIE1931). The three stimulus values are specified in detail in JIS Z8701:1999.

In detail, the above-mentioned visual reflectivity Y can be specified by the following method. First, the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film is attached to the alkali-free glass using an adhesive layer 30. Alkali-free glass is glass that does not substantially contain alkali components (alkali metal oxides). Specifically, the weight ratio of the alkali components in the glass is, for example, less than 1000 ppm, and further preferably less than 500 ppm. The alkali-free glass is, for example, in the form of a plate and has a thickness of more than 0.5 mm. Next, a black film is attached to the surface of the alkali-free glass on the opposite side of the surface to which the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film is attached. Next, light from the CIE standard light source D65 is incident on the surface of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film on the side with the anti-reflection film 10 at an incident angle of 5°. For the unidirectional reflected light generated at this time, the spectral reflectance in the wavelength range of 360nm~740nm is determined, and the visual reflectance Y in the XYZ color system (CIE1931) is determined from the spectral reflectance.

The visual reflectivity Y is preferably 1.0% or less, more preferably 0.9% or less, more preferably 0.8% or less, and particularly preferably 0.7% or less. The lower limit of the visual reflectivity Y is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.1%.

The a ^* and b ^* values of the reflected light in the L ^* a ^* b ^* colorimetric system (CIE1976) are not particularly limited, but preferably satisfy the following relationships (1) and (2). -10≦a ^* ≦10 (1) -18≦b ^* ≦5 (2)

The above-mentioned a ^* value and b ^* value can be determined by the following formulas (i) and (ii) specified in JIS Z8781-4:2013 using the tristimulus values (X, Y, and Z) of reflected light in the XYZ color system. [Mathematical formula 1]

The a ^* value is preferably -6 to 6, more preferably -3 to 3. The b ^* value is preferably -15 to 3, more preferably -10 to 2, more preferably -6 to 2, and particularly preferably -5 to 2. Depending on the circumstances, the a ^* value and the b ^* value may also satisfy the following relational expressions (3) and (4). b ^* ≧-1.5a ^* -15 (3) b ^* ≦-1.5a ^* +7.5 (4)

Furthermore, the a ^* and b ^* values can also satisfy the following relations (5) and (6). b ^* ≧-1.5a ^* -5 (5) b ^* ≦-1.5a ^* +4.5 (6)

The L ^* value of the reflected light is, for example, 12 or less, preferably 10 or less, preferably 8 or less, and more preferably 7 or less. The lower limit of the L ^* value is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 3. The L ^* value can be specified by the following formula (iii) specified in JIS Z8781-4:2013 using the above tristimulus values. [Mathematical formula 2]

The color difference ΔE between the light satisfying L ^* value = 0, a ^* value = 0 and b ^* value = 0 (light with completely neutral hue) and the above-mentioned reflected light is, for example, 22 or less, preferably 18 or less, preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and particularly preferably 8 or less. The lower limit of the color difference ΔE is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 3. The color difference ΔE can be calculated using the L ^* value, a ^* value and b ^* value of the reflected light according to the following formula (iv). ΔE ^* ={(L ^* ) ²⁺ (a ^* ) ²⁺ (b ^* ) ² } ^1/2 (iv)

[Anti-reflection film] As shown in FIG2 , the anti-reflection film 10 has a first high refractive index layer 1, a first low refractive index layer 2, a second high refractive index layer 3, and a second low refractive index layer 4 in order in the stacking direction. The first high refractive index layer 1 is, for example, in contact with the polarizing film 20. The second low refractive index layer 4 is, for example, located at the most visible side of the layers.

The high refractive index layers 1 and 3 are layers having a higher refractive index than the low refractive index layers 2 and 4, and their refractive indexes are, for example, in the range of 1.6 to 3.2. The refractive index of the first high refractive index layer 1 may be the same as or different from that of the second high refractive index layer 3. In this specification, "refractive index" means a value measured at a temperature of 25°C using light of a wavelength λ=550nm in accordance with the provisions of JIS K0062:1992 unless otherwise specified.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high refractive index layers 1 and 3 include, for example, a binder resin and inorganic microparticles dispersed in the binder resin. The binder resin is typically a cured product of an ionizing radiation curing resin, and more specifically a cured product of an ultraviolet curing resin. Examples of ultraviolet curing resins include resins containing polymers or oligomers having substituents that can undergo free radical polymerization, such as (meth)acrylate resins. Examples of (meth)acrylate resins that are ultraviolet curing resins include polymers or oligomers such as epoxy (meth)acrylate, polyester (meth)acrylate, acryl (meth)acrylate, and (meth)acrylate ether esters. In addition to the above-mentioned polymers or oligomers, the (meth)acrylate resin may further contain a free radical polymerizable monomer (precursor). The molecular weight of the monomer is, for example, 200 to 700. Specific examples of the monomer include neopentyl triacrylate (PETA: molecular weight 298), neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA: molecular weight 212), dipentyl triacrylate (DPHA: molecular weight 632), dipentyl triacrylate (DPPA: molecular weight 578), trihydroxymethyl propane triacrylate (TMPTA: 296). The ionizing radiation curing resin may also contain an initiator as needed. Examples of the initiator include UV free radical generators (IRGACURE 907, IRGACURE 127, IRGACURE 192, etc. manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) or benzoyl peroxide. The above-mentioned adhesive resin may contain other resins in addition to the hardened product of the ionizing radiation hardening resin. The other resins may be thermosetting resins or thermoplastic resins. Examples of the other resins include aliphatic resins (such as polyolefins), urethane resins, and the like.

The refractive index of the binder resin is, for example, 1.40 to 1.60. The amount of the binder resin mixed is, for example, 10 to 80 parts by weight, and preferably 20 to 70 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the high refractive index layer to be formed.

The material of the inorganic microparticles is, for example, metal oxides. Specific examples of metal oxides include zirconium oxide (refractive index: 2.19), aluminum oxide (refractive index: 1.56~2.62), titanium oxide (refractive index: 2.49~2.74), and silicon oxide (refractive index: 1.25~1.46). These metal oxides not only have low light absorption, but also have a higher refractive index than organic materials such as ionizing radiation hardening resins or thermoplastic resins, and are therefore suitable for adjusting the refractive index of the high refractive index layers 1 and 3. The inorganic microparticles preferably include zirconium oxide or titanium oxide.

The refractive index of the inorganic microparticles is, for example, 1.60 or more, preferably 1.70 to 2.80, and more preferably 2.00 to 2.80. Inorganic microparticles having a refractive index of 1.60 or more are suitable for adjusting the refractive index of the high refractive index layers 1 and 3. The average particle size of the inorganic microparticles is, for example, 1 nm to 100 nm, preferably 10 nm to 80 nm, and more preferably 20 nm to 70 nm. The average particle size of the inorganic microparticles refers to, for example, a particle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction particle size analyzer, which is equivalent to a particle size (d50) of 50% of the volume accumulation.

Although the inorganic microparticles may not be surface-modified, it is preferred that they be surface-modified. Surface-modified inorganic microparticles tend to be well dispersed in the binder resin. Surface modification is performed, for example, by applying a surface modifier to the surface of the inorganic microparticles to form a surface modifier layer. Examples of surface modifiers include coupling agents such as silane-based coupling agents and titanium ester-based coupling agents; and surfactants such as fatty acid-based surfactants. When such a surface modifier is used, the wettability of the binder resin and the inorganic microparticles is improved, and the interface between the binder resin and the inorganic microparticles tends to be stabilized.

The amount of the inorganic particles mixed is, for example, 10 to 90 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 80 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the formed high refractive index layer. As long as the amount of the inorganic particles mixed is within the above range, the anti-reflection film has sufficient mechanical properties and tends to sufficiently reduce the visual reflectivity Y of the reflected light.

The refractive index of the high refractive index layers 1 and 3 including the binder resin and the inorganic microparticles is, for example, 1.6 to 2.6, and preferably 1.7 to 2.2.

In another preferred form of the present invention, the high refractive index layers 1 and 3 include metal oxides or metal nitrides, and preferably are substantially composed of metal oxides or metal nitrides. Specific examples of metal oxides include titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), indium/tin oxide (ITO), niobium oxide (Nb ₂ O ₅ ), yttrium oxide (Y ₂ O ₃ ), indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), zirconium oxide (ZrO ₂ ), arsenic oxide (HfO ₂ ), antimony oxide (Sb ₂ O ₃ ), tantalum oxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), zinc oxide (ZnO), and tungsten oxide (WO ₃ ). Specific examples of metal nitrides include silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ). The high refractive index layers 1 and 3 preferably include niobium oxide (Nb ₂ O ₅ ) or titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ). The refractive index of the high refractive index layer composed of metal oxide or metal nitride is, for example, 2.00 to 2.60, and preferably 2.10 to 2.45.

The material of the first high refractive index layer 1 may be the same as or different from that of the second high refractive index layer 3 .

The physical film thickness of the first high refractive index layer 1 is, for example, 9 nm to 15 nm, and preferably 11 nm to 13 nm. The optical film thickness of the first high refractive index layer 1 is, for example, 20 nm to 35 nm, and preferably 25 nm to 30 nm. In addition, in this specification, the optical film thickness is a value expressed as the product of the refractive index of light with a wavelength of 550 nm and the physical film thickness.

The physical film thickness of the second high refractive index layer 3 is, for example, 98 nm to 124 nm, preferably 111 nm to 120 nm. The optical film thickness of the second high refractive index layer 3 is, for example, 230 nm to 290 nm, preferably 260 nm to 280 nm.

The low refractive index layers 2 and 4 are layers having a lower refractive index than the high refractive index layers 1 and 3, and their refractive index is, for example, 1.35 to 1.55, and preferably 1.40 to 1.50. By properly adjusting the difference in refractive index between the low refractive index layers 2 and 4 and the high refractive index layers 1 and 3, there is a tendency to suppress light reflection. The refractive index of the first low refractive index layer 2 may be the same as or different from that of the second low refractive index layer 4.

The materials of the low refractive index layers 2 and 4 include metal oxides and metal fluorides. A specific example of metal oxides is silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ). A specific example of metal fluorides is magnesium fluoride and fluorosilicic acid. From the perspective of refractive index, magnesium fluoride and fluorosilicic acid are preferred for the materials of the low refractive index layers 2 and 4. From the perspective of ease of manufacturing, mechanical strength, moisture resistance, etc., silicon oxide is preferred. Taking all characteristics into consideration, silicon oxide is preferred. The material of the first low refractive index layer 2 may be the same as or different from that of the second low refractive index layer 4.

The material of the low refractive index layers 2 and 4 may also be a cured product of a curable fluorine-containing resin. The curable fluorine-containing resin, for example, has a constituent unit derived from a fluorine-containing monomer and a constituent unit derived from a crosslinking monomer. Specific examples of fluorine-containing monomers include fluoroolefins (vinyl fluoride, difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-difluoroethylene, etc.), (meth)acrylate derivatives with partially or completely fluorinated alkyl groups (Viscoat 6FM (manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemicals Co., Ltd.), M-2020 (manufactured by Daikin Corporation), etc.), and completely or partially fluorinated vinyl ethers. Examples of crosslinking monomers include (meth)acrylate monomers having crosslinking functional groups in the molecule, such as glycidyl methacrylate; (meth)acrylate monomers having functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, and sulfonic acid groups ((meth)acrylic acid, hydroxymethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, and allyl (meth)acrylate). Fluorine-containing resins may also have constituent units derived from other monomers (such as olefin monomers, (meth)acrylate monomers, and styrene monomers) other than the above compounds.

The physical film thickness of the first low refractive index layer 2 is, for example, 26 nm to 34 nm, preferably 27 nm to 31 nm. The optical film thickness of the first low refractive index layer 2 is, for example, 38 nm to 50 nm, preferably 40 nm to 45 nm.

The physical film thickness of the second low refractive index layer 4 is, for example, 68 nm to 88 nm, preferably 72 nm to 79 nm. The optical film thickness of the second low refractive index layer 4 is, for example, 100 nm to 128 nm, preferably 105 nm to 115 nm.

There is no particular limitation on the method for making the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer. When the layers include a resin, the layers can be formed by a so-called wet process (curing after coating the resin composition). When the layers are composed of metal oxides, metal fluorides, metal nitrides, etc., the layers can be formed by a so-called dry process. Specific examples of dry processing include PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) method and CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method. Examples of PVD methods include vacuum evaporation, reactive evaporation, ion beam assisted method, sputtering method, and ion plating method. The CVD method may be, for example, a plasma CVD method. From the perspective of reducing the color difference of reflected light, the dry process is preferably a sputtering method.

The anti-reflection film 10 of FIG. 2 may further include other components besides the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer. FIG. 3 shows another example of the anti-reflection film. The anti-reflection film 11 of FIG. 3 further includes a substrate 5 and an adhesive layer 6. The substrate 5 is, for example, disposed between the first high refractive index layer 1 and the polarizing film 20, and is in contact with the first high refractive index layer 1. The adhesive layer 6 is, for example, disposed between the substrate 5 and the polarizing film 20, and is in contact with the substrate 5 and the polarizing film 20, respectively.

The substrate 5 includes, for example, a transparent resin film. The material of the resin film may be, for example, a cellulose resin (cellulose triacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose nitrate, etc.), a polyamide resin (nylon-6, nylon-66, etc.), a polyimide resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin (polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, poly-1,4-cyclohexane dimethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-1,2-diphenyloxyethane-4,4 '-dicarboxylate, polybutylene terephthalate, etc.), polyolefin resin (polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, etc.), polysulfone resin, polyethersulfone resin, polyarylate resin, polyetherimide resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polyetherketone resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, ethylene vinyl alcohol resin, (meth) acrylic resin, (meth) acrylonitrile resin, etc. The substrate 5 may be a single layer of resin film, a laminate of multiple layers of resin films, or a laminate of resin films and a hard coating layer described later. The substrate 5 may also contain additives. Specific examples of additives include antistatic agents, ultraviolet absorbers, plasticizers, lubricants, colorants, antioxidants, flame retardants, etc.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate 5 is a triacetate cellulose (TAC) film. The triacetate cellulose film can also function as a protective film for the polarizer. Therefore, by using the anti-reflection film 11 having the substrate 5 composed of the triacetate cellulose film, the transparent protective film on the viewing side of the polarizing film 20 can sometimes be omitted.

In another preferred form of the present invention, the substrate 5 includes a hard coating layer. The substrate 5 may be composed of a hard coating layer, or may be a laminate of a resin film and a hard coating layer. The hard coating layer is, for example, a hardened layer of an ionizing radiation hardening resin. Examples of ionizing radiation include ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, and electron beams, and ultraviolet rays are preferably used. That is, the ionizing radiation hardening resin is preferably an ultraviolet hardening resin. Examples of ultraviolet hardening resins include (meth) acrylic resins, silicone resins, polyester resins, urethane resins, amide resins, epoxy resins, and the like. Examples of (meth)acrylic resins include cured products (polymers) obtained by curing a polyfunctional monomer containing a (meth)acryloyloxy group with ultraviolet rays. The polyfunctional monomer may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The polyfunctional monomer may be used in combination with a photopolymerization initiator.

Inorganic particles or organic particles may also be dispersed in the hard coating layer. The average particle size (d50) of the particles is, for example, 0.01µm to 3µm. From the perspective of refractive index, stability, heat resistance, etc., the particles dispersed in the hard coating layer are preferably silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ). The hard coating layer may also contain additives. Specific examples of additives include leveling agents, fillers, dispersants, plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, surfactants, antioxidants, and thixotropic agents. In addition, the surface of the hard coating layer may also be formed with concave-convex shapes. The hard coating layer having a concave-convex shape on the surface has a light diffusion function (anti-glare).

The physical film thickness of the substrate 5 is not particularly limited. When the substrate 5 is a single resin film layer or a laminate of multiple resin films, the physical film thickness of the substrate 5 is, for example, in the range of 10µm to 200µm. When the substrate 5 includes a hard coating layer, the physical film thickness of the hard coating layer is, for example, in the range of 1µm to 50µm.

The refractive index of the substrate 5 (when the substrate 5 has a layered structure, the refractive index of the layer closest to the first high refractive index layer 1) is, for example, 1.3 to 1.8, and preferably 1.4 to 1.7.

The adhesive layer 6 is a layer containing an adhesive. The adhesive contained in the adhesive layer 6 can be, for example, a resin having adhesive properties. Examples of such resins include acrylic resins, acrylic urethane resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, and the like. The adhesive layer 6 preferably contains an acrylic adhesive composed of an acrylic resin.

The adhesive layer 6 may also contain additives as required. Examples of additives include crosslinking agents, tackifiers, plasticizers, pigments, dyes, fillers, anti-aging agents, conductive materials, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, stripping modifiers, softeners, surfactants, flame retardants, antioxidants, etc. Examples of crosslinking agents include isocyanate crosslinking agents, epoxy crosslinking agents, peroxide crosslinking agents, melamine crosslinking agents, urea crosslinking agents, metal alkoxide crosslinking agents, metal chelate crosslinking agents, metal salt crosslinking agents, carbodiimide crosslinking agents, Azoline crosslinking agent, Crosslinking agent, amine crosslinking agent, etc.

The physical film thickness of the adhesive layer 6 is, for example, 5µm to 100µm, and preferably 10µm to 50µm.

The anti-reflection film 11 may further include other components besides the substrate 5 and the adhesive layer 6. For example, the anti-reflection film 11 may further include an anti-glare layer disposed between the substrate 5 and the first high refractive index layer 1. The anti-reflection film 11 may also further include an adhesion layer disposed between specific components (for example, between the substrate 5 and the first high refractive index layer 1, or between the anti-glare layer and the first high refractive index layer 1). The adhesion layer is a layer that can enhance the adhesion between components, and for example, contains silicon or SiO _x (x＜2). The physical film thickness of the adhesion layer is, for example, 1 nm to 10 nm, and preferably 2 nm to 5 nm. The refractive index of the adhesion layer is, for example, 1 to 2.5.

The anti-reflection films 10 and 11 may also be arranged on the visual side of the second low refractive index layer 4, and may further include an antifouling layer in contact with the second low refractive index layer 4. The antifouling layer is a layer having an antifouling effect, and for example, includes at least one selected from fluorine resins and silicone resins. The physical film thickness of the antifouling layer is, for example, 5nm to 13nm, and preferably 5nm to 10nm. The refractive index of the antifouling layer is, for example, 1 to 2.

The absolute values of the _a1 ^* value and _{the b1} ^* value of the reflected light generated when the anti-reflection films 10 and 11 are incident on the CIE standard light source D65 in the L ^* a ^* b ^* colorimetric system are preferably small. The _a1 ^* value is, for example, greater than -6 and less than 6, preferably greater than -3 and less than 3. The _b1 ^* value is, for example, greater than -15 and less than 3, preferably greater than -10 and less than 2, preferably greater than -5 and less than 2. The _a1 ^* value and the _b1 ^* value can be specified by the following method. First, the first high refractive index layer 1, the first low refractive index layer 2, the second high refractive index layer 3 and the second low refractive index layer 4 of the anti-reflection film 10 are sequentially laminated on a black film, or the anti-reflection film 11 is attached to the black film using the adhesive layer 6 of the anti-reflection film 11. Next, light from CIE standard light source D65 is incident on the surface of the anti-reflection film 10 or 11 on the second low refractive index layer side at an incident angle of 5°. The spectral reflectance in the wavelength range of 360nm to 740nm is determined for the unidirectional reflected light generated at this time, and the tristimulus values in the XYZ color system are determined from the spectral reflectance. Using the obtained tristimulus values, the a ₁ ^* value and the b ₁ ^* value are determined by the above formulas (i) and (ii).

The visual reflectivity _Y1 of the reflected light is, for example, 0.3% or less, and preferably 0.2% or less.

[Polarizing film] The polarizing film 20 is a laminate including a polarizer and a transparent protective film. The transparent protective film is, for example, arranged to be in contact with the main surface (surface with the widest area) of the layered polarizer. The polarizer may also be arranged between two transparent protective films. There is no particular limitation on the polarizer, and examples thereof include hydrophilic polymer films such as polyvinyl alcohol films, partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol films, and partially saponified films of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers that adsorb dichroic substances such as iodine or dichroic dyes and undergo uniaxial stretching; and polyene oriented films such as dehydrated polyvinyl alcohol and dehydrogenated polyvinyl chloride. The polarizer is preferably composed of a polyvinyl alcohol film and dichroic substances such as iodine.

The thickness of the polarizer is not particularly limited, for example, it is 80 μm or less. The thickness of the polarizer is 10 μm or less, preferably 1 to 7 μm. Such a thin polarizer has less thickness variation and better visibility. The dimensional change of the thin polarizer is suppressed and the durability is good. According to the thin polarizer, the polarizing film 20 can be thinned.

As the material of the transparent protective film, a thermoplastic resin having excellent transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier property, isotropy, etc. can be used. Specific examples of the thermoplastic resin include cellulose resins such as cellulose triacetate, polyester resins, polyether resins, polyester resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins, (meth)acrylic resins, cyclic polyolefin resins (norbornene resins), polyarylate resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, and mixtures thereof. The material of the transparent protective film may also be a thermosetting resin or a UV-curing resin such as (meth) acrylic acid, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, or silicone. When the polarizing film 20 has two transparent protective films, the materials of the two transparent protective films may be the same or different. For example, a transparent protective film made of a thermoplastic resin may be bonded to one main surface of the polarizer through an adhesive, and a transparent protective film made of a thermosetting resin or a UV-curing resin may be bonded to the other main surface of the polarizer. The transparent protective film may also contain one or more arbitrary additives.

The transparent protective film may also have optical properties such as anti-glare properties and anti-reflection properties. The transparent protective film may also be a film that functions as a phase difference film. In this specification, a phase difference film refers to a film that has birefringence in the in-plane direction or the thickness direction. Examples of films that function as phase difference films include those formed by stretching a polymer film, and those formed by orienting and fixing a liquid crystal material.

The adhesive used to bond the polarizer and the transparent protective film is not particularly limited as long as it is optically transparent. Examples include water-based adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, hot melt adhesive-based adhesives, free radical curing adhesives, and cationic curing adhesives. Preferably, water-based adhesives and free radical curing adhesives are used.

The thickness of the polarizing film 20 is, for example, 10µm to 500µm. The total light transmittance of the polarizing film 20 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 30% to 50%. In this specification, "total light transmittance" means the transmittance of light in the wavelength range of 380nm to 700nm. The total light transmittance can be measured in accordance with the provisions of JIS K7361-1:1997. The total light transmittance is measured using CIE standard light source D65.

The a value of the transmitted light from the CIE standard light source D65 incident on the polarizing film 20 in the Hunter Lab colorimetric system is preferably -6.0 to 0, preferably -3.0 to -0.5, and particularly preferably -1.8 to -1.2. The b value of the above-mentioned transmitted light in the Hunter Lab colorimetric system is preferably 1.0 to 10, preferably 1.5 to 5.0, and particularly preferably 2.2 to 4.0. The a value and b value of the transmitted light in the Hunter Lab colorimetric system can be determined by the following method. First, use the integrating sphere of the spectrophotometer to measure the transmittance of the polarizing film 20 from the CIE standard light source D65. The obtained transmittance is calibrated according to the 2-degree field XYZ system specified in JIS Z8701:1999 (780~380nm: every 5nm), thereby specifying the a value and b value of the transmitted light in the Hunter Lab color system.

[Conductive layer of polarizing film with anti-reflection film] The conductive layer 40 is a layer containing a conductive material. The conductive material may be a material other than ITO, such as a conductive polymer, a composite of a conductive polymer and a dopant, an ionic surfactant, conductive microparticles, an ionic compound, etc. From the perspective of transparency, total light transmittance, appearance, antistatic effect, and stability of the antistatic effect in a high temperature or high humidity environment, the conductive layer 40 preferably contains a conductive polymer. When the conductive layer 40 contains a conductive polymer as a conductive material, compared to the case where the conductive microparticles are contained, haze is less likely to occur even if the thickness of the conductive layer 40 is adjusted to be larger. Therefore, even when the conductive layer 40 is disposed between the liquid crystal unit 25 and the polarizer, the conductive layer 40 including the conductive polymer is less likely to be depolarized and less likely to reduce the contrast of the image displayed by the liquid crystal display device. When the conductive layer 40 includes the conductive polymer as the conductive material, the refractive index of the conductive layer 40 tends to be lower than when it includes conductive microparticles. Therefore, the conductive layer 40 including the conductive polymer is suitable for further reducing the reflectivity of light of the liquid crystal panel 100.

Conductive polymers include, for example, polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyquinoline, polyacetylene, poly(styrene), polynaphthalene, and derivatives thereof. The conductive material may also include one or more of these conductive polymers. The conductive polymer is preferably polythiophene, polyaniline, and derivatives thereof, and polythiophene derivatives are particularly preferred. Polythiophene, polyaniline, and derivatives thereof may function as water-soluble or water-dispersible conductive polymers, for example. When the conductive polymer is water-soluble or water-dispersible, an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion of the conductive polymer may be used to make the conductive layer 40. At this time, it is not necessary to use a non-aqueous organic solvent to make the conductive layer 40, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the polarizing film 20, etc., caused by the organic solvent.

The conductive polymer may also have a hydrophilic functional group. Examples of the hydrophilic functional group include sulfonic acid group, amine group, amide group, imine group, hydroxyl group, hydrazine group, carboxyl group, sulfate group, phosphate group, and salts thereof (e.g., quaternary ammonium salt group). When the conductive polymer has a hydrophilic functional group, the conductive polymer tends to be easily soluble in water or the conductive polymer in the form of microparticles tends to be easily dispersed in water.

From the viewpoint of conductivity and chemical stability, the conductive polymer is preferably poly(3,4-disubstituted thiophene). Examples of poly(3,4-disubstituted thiophene) include poly(3,4-alkylene dioxythiophene) and poly(3,4-dialkoxythiophene), and poly(3,4-alkylene dioxythiophene) is preferred. Poly(3,4-alkylene dioxythiophene) has a structural unit represented by the following formula (I), for example. [Chemical Formula 1]

In formula (I), ^{R1 is} , for example, an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The alkylene group may be a linear or branched chain. Examples of the alkylene group include methylene, 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1-methyl-1,2-ethylene, 1-ethyl-1,2-ethylene, 1-methyl-1,3-propylene, and 2-methyl-1,3-propylene, preferably methylene, 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, and preferably 1,2-ethylene. The conductive polymer is preferably poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).

Examples of dopants include polyvalent anions. When the conductive polymer is polythiophene (or its derivatives), the polyvalent anions will form ion pairs with the polythiophene (or its derivatives), and the polythiophene (or its derivatives) can be stably dispersed in water. The polyvalent anions are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carboxylic acid polymers such as polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, and polymethacrylic acid; sulfonic acid polymers such as polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyethylene sulfonic acid, and polyisoprene sulfonic acid. The polyvalent anions may also be copolymers of vinyl carboxylic acids or vinyl sulfonic acids with other monomers. Examples of other monomers include (meth)acrylate compounds; aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene and vinylnaphthalene. Polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) is particularly suitable as the polyvalent anion. The composite of the conductive polymer and the dopant may be, for example, a composite of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT/PSS).

Examples of the ionic surfactant include cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium salt type, phosphonium salt type, and cobalt salt type; anionic surfactants such as carboxylic acid type, sulfonate type, sulfate type, phosphate type, and phosphite type; amphoteric ionic surfactants such as sulfobetaine type, alkylbetaine type, and alkylimidazoliumbetaine type; and nonionic surfactants such as polyol derivatives, β-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds, sorbitan fatty acid monoesters, sorbitan fatty acid diesters, polyalkylene oxide derivatives, and amine oxides.

Conductive microparticles include metal oxide microparticles such as tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, and zinc oxide, and tin oxide microparticles are preferred. Materials of tin oxide microparticles include tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, indium-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped tin oxide, tungsten-doped tin oxide, titanium oxide-zirconia-tin oxide complex, and titanium oxide-tin oxide complex. The average particle size of the conductive microparticles is, for example, 1 to 100 nm, and preferably 2 to 50 nm. The average particle size of the conductive microparticles refers to, for example, a particle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction particle size analyzer, which corresponds to a particle size of 50% by volume accumulation (d50).

Ionic compounds include, for example, alkaline metal salts and/or organic cation-anion salts. Alkaline metal salts include, for example, organic salts and inorganic salts of alkaline metals. In this specification, organic cation-anion salts refer to organic salts containing organic cations. Anions contained in organic cation-anion salts may be organic anions or inorganic anions. Organic cation-anion salts are sometimes referred to as ionic liquids or ionic solids.

Alkaline metal ions contained in the alkaline metal salt include lithium ions, sodium ions and potassium ions, and lithium ions are preferred.

Examples of anions contained in organic salts of alkaline metals include CH ₃ COO ^- , CF ₃ COO ^- , CH ₃ SO ₃ ^- , CF ₃ SO ₃ ^- , (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ C ^- , C ₄ F ₉ SO ₃ ^- , C ₃ F ₇ COO ^- , (CF ₃ SO ₂ )(CF ₃ CO)N ^- , ^-O ₃ S(CF ₂ ) ₃ SO ₃ ^- , (CN) ₂ N ^- and anions represented by the following general formulas (a) to (d). (a)(C _n F _2n+1 SO ₂ ) ₂ N ^- (However, n is an integer between 1 and 10) (b) CF ₂ (C _m F _2m SO ₂ ) ₂ N ^- (However, m is an integer between 1 and 10) (c) ^- O ₃ S(CF ₂ ) _l SO ₃ ^- (However, l is an integer between 1 and 10) (d)(C _p F _2p+1 SO ₂ )N ^- (C _q F _2q+1 SO ₂ ) (However, p and q are independent integers between 1 and 10)

The anions contained in the organic salt of an alkali metal preferably include fluorine atoms. Due to the anions containing fluorine atoms, the organic salt of an alkali metal functions as an ionic compound with good ion dissociation.

Examples of anions contained in inorganic salts of alkaline metals include Cl ^- , Br ^- , I ^- , AlCl ₄ ^- , Al ₂ Cl ₇ ^- , BF ₄ ^- , PF ₆ ^- , ClO ₄ ^- , NO ₃ ^- , AsF ₆ ^- , SbF ₆ ^- , NbF ₆ ^- , TaF ₆ ^- , (FSO ₂ ) ₂ N ^- , and CO ₃ ^{2 -} .

The anion contained in the alkaline metal salt is preferably (perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide represented by the above general formula (a) such as (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N ^- and (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ N ^- , and is particularly preferably (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide represented by (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N ^- .

Examples of the organic salt of an alkali metal include sodium acetate, sodium _alginate , sodium _{lignosulfonate, sodium toluenesulfonate, LiCF3SO3 ,} Li(CF3SO2)2N, Li ₍ C2F5SO2)2N, _Li ( _C4F9SO2 )2N, Li _{( CF3SO2} )3C, _{K03S (CF2)3SO3K, LiO3S(CF2)3SO3K, etc., with LiCF3SO3, Li(CF3SO2)2N , Li ( C2F5SO2 ) 2N , Li ( C4F9SO2 ) 2N ,} Li( _{CF3SO2 ) 3C being preferred , and} Li( _CF3SO2 ) _2N , Li(C2F5SO2 _{) 2N , Li ( C4F9SO2} ) _2N , Li( _CF3SO2 ) _{3C being preferred . 5} SO ₂ ) ₂ N, Li(C ₄ F ₉ SO ₂ ) ₂ N are preferred. The organic salt of the alkaline metal is preferably a fluorine-containing lithium imide salt, and (perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide lithium salt is particularly preferred.

Examples of inorganic salts of alkaline metals include lithium perchlorate and lithium iodide.

Examples of the organic cation contained in the organic cation-anion salt include pyridinium cation, piperidinium cation, pyrrolidinium cation, cation having a dihydropyrrole skeleton, cation having a pyrrole skeleton, imidazolium cation, tetrahydropyrimidinium cation, dihydropyrimidinium cation, pyrazolium cation, pyrazolinium cation, tetraalkylammonium cation, trialkylsiron cation, tetraalkylphosphonium cation, and the like.

Examples of anions contained in the organic cation-anion salt include Cl ^- , Br ^- , I ^- , AlCl ₄ ^- , Al ₂ Cl ₇ ^- , BF ₄ ^- , PF ₆ ^- , ClO ₄ ^- , NO ₃ ^- , CH ₃ COO ^- , CF ₃ COO ^- , CH ₃ SO ₃ ^- , CF ₃ SO ₃ ^- , (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ C ^- , AsF ₆ ^- , SbF ₆ ^- , NbF ₆ ^- , TaF ₆ ^- , (CN) ₂ N ^- , C ₄ F ₉ SO ₃ ^- , C ₃ F ₇ COO ^- , (CF ₃ SO ₂ )(CF ₃ CO)N ^- , (FSO ₂ ) ₂ N ^- , ^-O ₃ S(CF ₂ ) ₃ SO ₃ ^- and the anions represented by the above general formulae (a) to (d). The anions contained in the organic cation-anion salt preferably include fluorine atoms. Based on the anions containing fluorine atoms, the organic cation-anion salt functions as an ionic compound with good ionic dissociation.

The ionic compound is not limited to the above-mentioned alkali metal salts and organic cation-anion salts, and may also include inorganic salts such as ammonium chloride, aluminum chloride, cupric chloride, ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ammonium sulfate, etc. The conductive material may also include one or more of the above-mentioned ionic compounds.

Conductive materials are not limited to the above materials, and examples thereof include carbon materials such as acetylene black, ketjen black, natural graphite, and artificial graphite; titanium black; homopolymers of monomers having cationic conductive groups such as quaternary ammonium salts, amphoteric ionic conductive groups such as betaine compounds, anionic conductive groups such as sulfonates, or non-ionic conductive groups such as glycerol, or copolymers of the monomers and other monomers (for example, polymers having structural units derived from acrylates or methacrylates having quaternary ammonium salts, etc., which are ionic conductive polymers); and those obtained by alloying hydrophilic polymers such as copolymers of ethylene and methacrylate with acrylic resins, etc. (permanent antistatic agents).

In addition to the conductive material, the conductive layer 40 may also include other materials such as adhesives. For example, the adhesive has a tendency to improve the film forming property of the conductive material and the adhesion and bonding (anchoring force) of the conductive layer 40 to the polarizing film 20. Examples of the adhesive include oxazoline-containing polymers, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, acrylic resins, polyether resins, cellulose resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, epoxy resins, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polystyrene resins, polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, etc., and preferably oxazoline-containing polymers, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, acrylic resins, and polyurethane resins are preferred. The conductive layer 40 may also contain one or more of the above-mentioned binders. The content of the binder in the conductive layer 40 is, for example, 1 wt% to 90 wt%, and preferably 10 wt% to 80 wt%.

The thickness of the conductive layer 40 is, for example, 5 nm to 180 nm, preferably 150 nm, more preferably 120 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less, particularly preferably 80 nm or less, and particularly preferably 50 nm or less. The thickness of the conductive layer 40 may be greater than 10 nm, or greater than 20 nm.

In the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film, the total light transmittance loss A caused by the conductive layer 40 is, for example, less than 0.9%, preferably less than 0.8%, more preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.5%, particularly preferably less than 0.4%, and particularly preferably less than 0.2%. The lower limit of the loss A is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.01%. The loss A can be determined by the following method. First, the total light transmittance T1 of the polarizing film 20 and the total light transmittance T2 of the laminate L composed of the polarizing film 20 and the conductive layer 40 are measured. The total light transmittance T2 of the laminate L is the value when light is incident from the side of the polarizing film 20. The difference (T1-T2) between the total light transmittance T1 and the total light transmittance T2 can be used to determine the loss A.

In the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film, when the loss A is greater than 0.5%, the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 can also be a particularly low value. For example, in the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film, at least one of the following conditions can be satisfied: (i) the loss A is less than 0.5% and the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 is less than 1.0×10 ⁶ Ω/□; and (ii) the loss A is less than 0.9% and the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 is less than 1.0×10 ⁴ Ω/□.

The anchoring force between the conductive layer 40 and the polarizing film 20 is, for example, 10.0 N/25 mm or more, preferably 12.0 N/25 mm or more, more preferably 14.0 N/25 mm or more, and even more preferably 18.0 N/25 mm or more. The above anchoring force can be measured by the following method. First, the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film of the evaluation object is cut into a width of 25 mm × a length of 150 mm to make a test piece. Then, the surface of the anti-reflection film 10 of the test piece is entirely overlapped on a stainless steel test plate through a double-sided tape, and a 2 kg roller is reciprocated once to press them together. Next, the adhesive layer 30 of the test piece is superimposed on the evaluation sheet, and the 2 kg roller is reciprocated once to press them together. The evaluation sheet is not particularly limited as long as it has a size of 30 mm in width × 150 mm in length and does not peel off from the adhesive layer 30 during the test. For example, an ITO film (125 TETOLIGHT OES (manufactured by Oike Industries) etc.) can be used as the evaluation sheet. Next, using a commercially available tensile testing machine, the adhesive layer 30 and the conductive layer 40 were peeled off from the polarizing film 20 at a peeling angle of 180° and a tensile speed of 300 mm/min while holding the evaluation sheet, and the average value of the peeling force at this time was determined as the anchoring force of the conductive layer 40 and the polarizing film 20. In addition, the above test was conducted in a gas environment of 23°C.

[Adhesive layer] The adhesive layer 30 is a layer containing an adhesive. Examples of the adhesive contained in the adhesive layer 30 include rubber adhesives, acrylic adhesives, silicone adhesives, urethane adhesives, vinyl alkyl ether adhesives, polyvinyl pyrrolidone adhesives, polyacrylamide adhesives, and cellulose adhesives. From the perspective of good optical transparency, appropriate adhesive properties such as wettability, cohesion, and adhesion, and excellent weather resistance and heat resistance, the adhesive contained in the adhesive layer 30 is preferably an acrylic adhesive.

The acrylic adhesive comprises a (meth)acrylic polymer as a base polymer. The (meth)acrylic polymer, for example, contains a structural unit derived from (meth)acrylate as a main component. In this specification, "(meth)acrylic acid" means acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid. "Main component" means the structural unit that contains the most by weight in the polymer.

The carbon number of the ester part (part other than the (meth)acrylic acid group) contained in the (meth)acrylic acid ester used to form the main skeleton of the (meth)acrylic acid polymer is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1 to 18. The ester part of the (meth)acrylic acid ester may contain an aromatic ring such as a phenyl group or a phenoxy group, and may also contain an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be a linear chain or a branched chain. The (meth)acrylic acid polymer may also contain one or more structural units derived from (meth)acrylic acid ester. In the (meth)acrylic acid polymer, the average carbon number of the ester part contained in the structural unit derived from (meth)acrylic acid ester is preferably 3 to 9. From the viewpoints of adhesion characteristics, durability, adjustment of phase difference, adjustment of refractive index, etc., the (meth)acrylic acid polymer preferably has a structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylic acid ester containing an aromatic ring. By adjusting the phase difference of the adhesive layer 30 with the (meth)acrylate containing an aromatic ring, light leakage of the liquid crystal display device caused by the thermal contraction of the polarizing film 20 and the extension of the adhesive layer 30 can be suppressed. In addition, the (meth)acrylate is suitable for adjusting the refractive index of the adhesive layer 30 to reduce the difference in refractive index between the adhesive layer 30 and the adherend (liquid crystal unit). As long as the difference in refractive index is reduced, light reflection at the interface between the adhesive layer 30 and the adherend can be suppressed, and the visibility of the display can be improved.

Examples of the (meth)acrylate containing an aromatic ring include benzyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, o-phenylphenol (meth)acrylate, phenoxy (meth)acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxypropyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxydiethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified nonylphenol (meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified cresol (meth)acrylate, phenol ethylene oxide-modified (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylates containing benzene rings such as acrylate, methoxybenzyl (meth)acrylate, chlorobenzyl (meth)acrylate, cresol (meth)acrylate, and styrene (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylates containing naphthyl rings such as hydroxyethylated β-naphthol acrylate, 2-naphthol ethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-naphthyloxyethyl acrylate, and 2-(4-methoxy-1-naphthyloxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylates containing biphenyl rings such as biphenyl (meth)acrylate, etc. Among them, benzyl (meth)acrylate and phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate are preferred from the viewpoint of improving the adhesive properties or durability of the adhesive layer 30.

When the refractive index of the adhesive layer 30 is adjusted by using the (meth)acrylate containing an aromatic ring, the content of the structural unit derived from the (meth)acrylate containing an aromatic ring in the total structural unit of the (meth)acrylic polymer is preferably 3% by weight to 25% by weight. The content is preferably 22% by weight or less, and more preferably 20% by weight or less. The content is preferably 8% by weight or more, and more preferably 12% by weight or more. As long as the content of the structural unit derived from the (meth)acrylate containing an aromatic ring is less than 25% by weight, there is a tendency to suppress the light leakage of the liquid crystal display device caused by the shrinkage of the polarizing film 20, while improving the workability of the adhesive layer 30. As long as the content is more than 3% by weight, there is a tendency to fully suppress the light leakage of the liquid crystal display device.

From the viewpoint of improving adhesion and heat resistance, (meth)acrylic polymers may have, in addition to the structural units derived from the above-mentioned (meth)acrylates containing aromatic rings, one or more structural units derived from comonomers having polymerizable functional groups containing unsaturated double bonds such as (meth)acryloyl groups and vinyl groups. Examples of the comonomers include hydroxyl-containing monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth)acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth)acrylate, 10-hydroxydecyl (meth)acrylate, 12-hydroxylauryl (meth)acrylate, and (4-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl)methyl acrylate; (meth)acrylic acid, carboxyethyl (meth)acrylate, and (meth)acrylic acid; and Monomers containing a carboxyl group such as carboxypentyl carboxylate, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and crotonic acid; monomers containing anhydride groups such as maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride; caprolactone adducts of acrylic acid; monomers containing a sulfonic acid group such as styrene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-(methyl)acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, (methyl)acrylamidepropanesulfonic acid, (methyl)acrylate sulfopropyl ester, (methyl)acryloyloxynaphthalenesulfonic acid; monomers containing a phosphate group such as 2-hydroxyethylacryloyl phosphate, etc.

The copolymer monomers may also include (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-butyl (meth)acrylamide, N-hydroxymethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-hydroxymethylpropane (meth)acrylamide and other (N-substituted)amide monomers; (meth)acrylic acid alkylaminoalkyl ester monomers such as (meth)acrylic acid aminoethyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid tertiary butylaminoethyl ester and other (meth)acrylic acid; (meth)acrylic acid alkoxyalkyl ester monomers such as (meth)acrylic acid methoxyethyl ester, (meth)acrylic acid ethoxyethyl ester and other (meth)acrylic acid; N-(meth)acryloyloxymethylene succinimide or Succinimide monomers such as N-(meth)acryl-6-oxyhexamethylene succinimide and N-(meth)acryl-8-oxyoctamethylene succinimide; N-acrylaminoflin and other sulfinyl monomers; N-cyclohexylmaleimide or N-isopropylmaleimide, N-laurylmaleimide; Iconimide monomers such as 1,2-diaminobenzene or N-phenylmaleimide; Iconimide monomers such as N-methyliconimide, N-ethyliconimide, N-butyliconimide, N-octyliconimide, N-2-ethylhexyliconimide, N-cyclohexyliconimide, and N-lauryliconimide.

The above-mentioned comonomers include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, methyl vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyridine, vinyl piperidone, vinyl pyrimidine, vinyl piperidone, , vinyl pyridine , vinylpyrrole, vinylimidazole, vinyl The copolymer monomers include vinyl monomers such as oxazole, vinyl fluorine, N-vinyl carboxylic acid amides, styrene, α-methylstyrene, N-vinyl caprolactam, etc.; cyanoacrylate monomers such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; epoxy group-containing acrylic monomers such as glycidyl (meth)acrylate; glycol acrylate monomers such as polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate; acrylate monomers such as tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, fluoro (meth)acrylate, polysilicone (meth)acrylate or 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, etc. In addition, the copolymer monomers may also include olefin monomers such as isoprene, butadiene, isobutylene, etc.; and ether group-containing vinyl monomers such as vinyl ether.

Examples of the copolymerizable monomers include silane monomers such as 3-acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 4-vinylbutyltrimethoxysilane, 4-vinylbutyltriethoxysilane, 8-vinyloctyltrimethoxysilane, 8-vinyloctyltriethoxysilane, 10-methacryloxydecyltrimethoxysilane, 10-acryloxydecyltrimethoxysilane, 10-methacryloxydecyltriethoxysilane, and 10-acryloxydecyltriethoxysilane.

Examples of the copolymerizable monomer include tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, trihydroxymethylenepropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, and dipentaerythritol tertiary acrylate. Ester of (meth)acrylic acid and polyols such as (meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified dipentatriol hexa(meth)acrylate ((a multifunctional monomer having two or more unsaturated double bonds such as (meth)acryl groups and vinyl groups); a compound having two or more unsaturated double bonds such as (meth)acryl groups and vinyl groups added to the skeleton of polyester, epoxy, urethane, etc. (for example, polyester (meth)acrylate, epoxy (meth)acrylate and urethane (meth)acrylate), etc.

The content of the structural units derived from the copolymerized monomers in the (meth)acrylic acid-based polymer is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0 wt % to 20 wt %, preferably 0.1 wt % to 15 wt %, and more preferably 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %.

From the viewpoint of adhesion and durability, hydroxyl-containing monomers and carboxyl-containing monomers are preferably used as copolymer monomers. Hydroxyl-containing monomers and carboxyl-containing monomers may also be used in combination as copolymer monomers. For example, when the adhesive composition used to form the adhesive layer 30 contains a crosslinking agent, the copolymer monomer will function as a reaction point with the crosslinking agent. Hydroxyl-containing monomers, carboxyl-containing monomers, etc. have excellent reactivity with intermolecular crosslinking agents, and therefore are suitable for improving the cohesion and heat resistance of the resulting adhesive layer 30. In particular, hydroxyl-containing monomers are suitable for improving the heavy-duty properties of the adhesive layer 30. Carboxyl-containing monomers are suitable for taking into account both the durability and heavy-duty properties of the adhesive layer 30.

When a hydroxyl-containing monomer is used as a comonomer, the content of the structural unit derived from the hydroxyl-containing monomer in the (meth)acrylic polymer is preferably 0.01wt% to 15wt%, preferably 0.03wt% to 10wt%, and more preferably 0.05wt% to 7wt%. When a carboxyl-containing monomer is used as a comonomer, the content of the structural unit derived from the carboxyl-containing monomer in the (meth)acrylic polymer is preferably 0.05wt% to 10wt%, preferably 0.1wt% to 8wt%, and more preferably 0.2wt% to 6wt%.

The weight average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer is, for example, 500,000 to 3,000,000, and from the viewpoint of durability, especially heat resistance, it is preferably 700,000 to 2,700,000, and more preferably 800,000 to 2,500,000. When the weight average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer is 500,000 or more, the adhesive layer 30 tends to have sufficient heat resistance for practical use. When the weight average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer is 3,000,000 or less, the viscosity of the coating liquid used to prepare the adhesive layer 30 tends to be easily adjusted. As long as the viscosity of the coating liquid can be easily adjusted, there is no need to add a large amount of diluent to the coating liquid, so the manufacturing cost of the adhesive layer 30 can be suppressed. In this specification, the weight average molecular weight refers to the value obtained by converting the measurement result obtained by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) into polystyrene.

The (meth)acrylic polymer can be produced by known polymerization reactions such as solution polymerization, block polymerization, emulsion polymerization, various free radical polymerizations, etc. The (meth)acrylic polymer may be a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer.

The adhesive contained in the adhesive layer 30 may also have a structure in which the base polymer is crosslinked via a crosslinking agent. For example, when a (meth) acrylic polymer is used as the base polymer, an organic crosslinking agent or a multifunctional metal chelate may be used as the crosslinking agent. Examples of organic crosslinking agents include isocyanate crosslinking agents, peroxide crosslinking agents, epoxy crosslinking agents, and imine crosslinking agents. Multifunctional metal chelates refer to covalent or coordination bonds between polyvalent metals and organic compounds. Examples of polyvalent metal atoms include Al, Cr, Zr, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, Zn, In, Ca, Mg, Mn, Y, Ce, Sr, Ba, Mo, La, Sn, and Ti. The organic compound contained in the polyfunctional metal chelate contains, for example, an oxygen atom, etc. Examples of the organic compound include alkyl esters, alcohol compounds, carboxylic acid compounds, ether compounds, and ketone compounds.

In the adhesive, the amount of the crosslinking agent used is preferably 3 parts by weight or less, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.02 to 2 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 0.03 to 1 part by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer.

The adhesive layer 30 may also include other materials besides the adhesive. Examples of other materials include conductive materials, silane coupling agents, and other additives. The conductive material reduces the surface resistivity of the adhesive layer 30 and is suitable for preventing poor display of the liquid crystal display device due to static electricity. Examples of the conductive material include those previously described in the conductive layer 40. From the perspective of compatibility with the base polymer and the transparency of the adhesive layer 30, the conductive material contained in the adhesive layer 30 is preferably an ionic compound. In particular, when the adhesive layer 30 includes an acrylic adhesive and the acrylic adhesive includes a (meth) acrylic polymer as the base polymer, an ionic compound is preferably used as the conductive material. From the viewpoint of antistatic properties, the ionic compound is preferably an ionic liquid.

The adhesive layer 30 preferably contains 0.05 to 20 parts by weight of a conductive material (e.g., an ionic compound) relative to 100 parts by weight of the adhesive base polymer (e.g., a (meth) acrylic polymer). When the adhesive layer 30 contains 0.05 parts by weight or more of a conductive material, the surface resistivity of the adhesive layer 30 is sufficiently reduced, and the antistatic performance of the adhesive layer 30 tends to be sufficiently improved. The adhesive layer 30 preferably contains 0.1 parts by weight or more of a conductive material relative to 100 parts by weight of the adhesive base polymer, and preferably contains 0.5 parts by weight or more. From the viewpoint of providing sufficient durability for practical use to the adhesive layer 30, the adhesive layer 30 preferably contains 20 parts by weight or less of the conductive material, preferably 10 parts by weight or less, relative to 100 parts by weight of the adhesive base polymer.

Other additives, such as polyether compounds such as polyalkylene glycol (such as polypropylene glycol), colorants, pigments, dyes, surfactants, plasticizers, thickeners, surface lubricants, levelers, softeners, antioxidants, anti-aging agents, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, polymerization inhibitors, inorganic fillers, organic fillers, metal powders, etc., can be used appropriately according to the application. The additive can be in powder, granular, or foil form. As an additive, a reducing agent can also be used within a controllable range to form a redox system. By adding pigments such as colorants to the adhesive layer 30, the hue of the reflected light from the liquid crystal panel 100 can be adjusted. The adhesive layer 30 preferably contains 5 parts by weight or less of other additives relative to 100 parts by weight of the base polymer of the adhesive (eg, (meth)acrylic polymer), preferably 3 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 1 part by weight or less.

The thickness of the adhesive layer 30 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 5 to 100 μm, and preferably 10 to 50 μm.

In the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film, the surface resistivity of the adhesive layer 30 is not particularly limited, and may be lower than 1.0×10 ¹⁴ Ω/□, and is preferably less than 1.0×10 ¹² Ω/□. The lower limit of the surface resistivity of the adhesive layer 30 is not particularly limited, but from the perspective of durability, it is, for example, 1.0×10 ⁸ Ω/□. The surface resistivity of the adhesive layer 30 can be measured by the following method. First, prepare a laminate with the surface of the adhesive layer 30 exposed to the outside. The laminate can be, for example, a laminate in which the adhesive layer 30 is arranged on a separation film such as a polyethylene terephthalate film. Next, the surface resistivity of the adhesive layer 30 in the prepared laminate is measured. The surface resistivity can be measured using Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the method specified in JIS K6911: 1995. The measured value obtained by the measurement can be regarded as the surface resistivity of the adhesive layer 30.

[Other layers] The polarizing film 15 with anti-reflection film may also include other layers besides the anti-reflection film 10, the polarizing film 20, the conductive layer 40 and the adhesive layer 30. The polarizing film 15 with anti-reflection film may also include one or more other layers. For example, the other layer is arranged on the visual side of the anti-reflection film 10 and is in contact with the anti-reflection film 10. Examples of the other layer include a surface protection film and a phase difference film.

The surface protection film, for example, has a support film and an adhesive layer disposed on at least one side of the support film. The adhesive layer of the surface protection film may also contain a light peeling agent, a conductive material, etc. When the adhesive layer of the surface protection film contains a conductive material, the surface protection film is attached to the anti-reflection film 10, and then the surface protection film is peeled off, so that the anti-reflection film 10 contains a conductive material and the surface is given a conductive function. The conductive material may be the material previously described in the conductive layer 40. In order to give the surface of the anti-reflection film 10 a conductive function by peeling off the surface protection film, the adhesive layer of the surface protection film preferably contains a conductive material and a light peeling agent. The light stripping agent may be, for example, polysilicone or other polysilicone resin. The conductive function imparted to the surface of the anti-reflection film 10 may be appropriately adjusted according to the amount of conductive material and light stripping agent used.

Other layers may also include an easy-adhesion layer for improving the adhesion between components. When the other layer is an easy-adhesion layer, the easy-adhesion layer may also be disposed on the surface of the polarizing film 20. In addition, the surface of the polarizing film 20 may be subjected to an easy-adhesion treatment such as a corona treatment or a plasma treatment to replace the easy-adhesion layer.

[Manufacturing method of polarizing film with anti-reflection film] The polarizing film with anti-reflection film 15 having a conductive layer 40 can be manufactured by the following method. First, a solution or dispersion of a conductive material is prepared. The solvent of the solution or dispersion is, for example, water, and may further include a water-soluble organic solvent. The water-soluble organic solvent may include, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, di-butanol, tertiary butanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, di-pentanol, tertiary pentanol, 1-ethyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, n-hexanol, cyclohexanol and other alcohols.

Next, a solution or dispersion of a conductive material is applied to the surface of the polarizing film 20. The resulting coated film is dried to form a conductive layer 40 on the polarizing film 20. Thus, a laminate L consisting of the polarizing film 20 and the conductive layer 40 can be obtained.

Next, an anti-reflection film 10 (or 11) is arranged on the polarizing film 20 of the laminate L to produce the laminate L1. Next, a solution containing an adhesive is prepared. The coated film can be obtained by applying the solution to the surface of the separation piece. The separation piece is not particularly limited, for example, a polyethylene terephthalate film treated with a silicone-based peeling agent can be used. Next, by drying the coated film, an adhesive layer 30 is formed on the separation piece. The obtained adhesive layer 30 is transferred to the conductive layer 40 of the laminate L1, thereby producing a polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film.

[Liquid crystal unit] The liquid crystal unit 25, for example, has a liquid crystal layer 50, a first transparent substrate 60, and a second transparent substrate 70. The liquid crystal layer 50, for example, is disposed between the first transparent substrate 60 and the second transparent substrate 70, and is in contact with the first transparent substrate 60 and the second transparent substrate 70, respectively. The adhesive layer 30 of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film, for example, is in contact with the first transparent substrate 60 of the liquid crystal unit 25. The liquid crystal panel 100, for example, does not have an ITO layer between the adhesive layer 30 and the first transparent substrate 60.

The liquid crystal layer 50, for example, includes liquid crystal molecules that are oriented along a plane in the absence of an electric field. The liquid crystal layer 50 including such liquid crystal molecules is suitable for the IPS (In-Plane Switching) method. However, the liquid crystal layer 50 can also be used for the TN (Twisted Nematic) type, STN (Super Twisted Nematic) type, π type, VA (Vertical Alignment) type, etc. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 50 is, for example, 1.5µm to 4µm.

The materials of the first transparent substrate 60 and the second transparent substrate 70 include glass and polymer. In this specification, a transparent substrate composed of a polymer is sometimes referred to as a polymer film. The polymer constituting the transparent substrate includes polyethylene terephthalate, polycycloolefin, polycarbonate, etc. The thickness of the transparent substrate composed of glass is, for example, 0.1 mm to 1 mm. The thickness of the transparent substrate composed of a polymer is, for example, 10 μm to 200 μm.

The liquid crystal unit 25 may further include other layers besides the liquid crystal layer 50, the first transparent substrate 60 and the second transparent substrate 70. The other layers may include, for example, a color filter, an easy-adhesion layer and a hard coating layer. The color filter is, for example, disposed on a side closer to the viewing side than the liquid crystal layer 50, and preferably located between the first transparent substrate 60 and the adhesive layer 30 of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film. The easy-adhesion layer and the hard coating layer are, for example, disposed on the surface of the first transparent substrate 60 or the second transparent substrate 70.

[Other components] The liquid crystal panel 100 may further include other components besides the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film and the liquid crystal unit 25. For example, the liquid crystal panel 100 may further include a conductive structure (not shown) electrically connected to the side surface of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film. If the conductive structure is connected to the ground, it is easy to suppress the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film from being charged due to static electricity. The conductive structure may cover the entire side surface of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film, or may partially cover the side surface of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film. The ratio of the area of the side surface of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film covered by the conductive structure to the overall area of the side surface of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film is, for example, 1% or more, preferably 3% or more.

The material of the conductive structure may be, for example, a conductive paste made of metals such as silver and gold; a conductive adhesive; or other conductive materials. The conductive structure may also be a wiring extending from the side surface of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film.

The liquid crystal panel 100 may further include other optical films in addition to the polarizing film 20. Other optical films include polarizing films, reflective plates, reflective plates, phase difference films, viewing angle compensation films, brightness enhancement films, and other films that can be used in liquid crystal display devices. Phase difference films include, for example, 1/2 wavelength plates, 1/4 wavelength plates, and the like. The liquid crystal panel 100 may also include one or more of the above other optical films.

When the other optical film is a polarizing film, the polarizing film is, for example, bonded to the second transparent substrate 70 of the liquid crystal unit 25 through an adhesive layer. The polarizing film, for example, has the structure previously described for the polarizing film 20. The transmission axis (or absorption axis) of the polarizer in the polarizing film as the other optical film is, for example, orthogonal to the transmission axis (or absorption axis) of the polarizer in the polarizing film 20. The material of the adhesive layer for bonding the polarizing film and the second transparent substrate 70 can be the material previously described for the adhesive layer 30. The thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, for example, 1 to 100 µm, preferably 2 to 50 µm, more preferably 2 to 40 µm, and more preferably 5 to 35 µm.

According to the liquid crystal panel 100 of this embodiment, by adjusting the surface resistivity of the conductive layer 40 of the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film to less than 1.0×10 ⁶ Ω/□, the liquid crystal display device can be prevented from displaying poorly due to static electricity even in an environment where static electricity is easily generated. For example, the liquid crystal panel 100 shows good results when performing an ESD (Electro-Static Discharge) test. The ESD test is implemented, for example, using the following method. First, the liquid crystal panel 100 is mounted on a backlight device. Then, static electricity is applied to the viewing side of the liquid crystal panel 100 (the anti-reflection film 10 side). Static electricity is applied using an electrostatic discharge gun (Electrostatic discharge Gun) with an applied voltage adjusted to 10kV. When static electricity is applied, part of the liquid crystal panel 100 will turn white. After static electricity is applied, the time T until the whitened part disappears is measured. For the liquid crystal panel 100, the time T is, for example, less than 10 seconds, preferably less than 1 second, and more preferably less than 0.5 seconds. In addition, the ESD test is performed under the conditions of 23°C and 55%RH.

The inventors of the present invention have newly discovered that by adopting a structure in which no conductive layer such as an ITO layer is provided between the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film and the liquid crystal unit 25, light reflection in the liquid crystal panel 100 can be greatly suppressed. The liquid crystal panel 100 is suitable for applications requiring good visibility, especially for applications such as vehicle-mounted displays. Vehicle-mounted displays include, for example, panels for car navigation devices, instrument panels, mirror displays, etc. The instrument panel is a panel that displays the speed of the vehicle or the number of revolutions of the engine, etc. In particular, the liquid crystal panel 100 is suitable for applications where a touch sensor is not necessary, such as an instrument panel or a mirror display.

(Variation of liquid crystal panel) The polarizing film 15 with anti-reflection film provided in the liquid crystal panel 100 may also be provided with other components in addition to the above-mentioned components. As shown in FIG4 , in the liquid crystal panel 110 of this variation, the polarizing film 16 with anti-reflection film further has a transparent substrate 45 and an adhesive layer 46 disposed between the anti-reflection film 10 and the polarizing film 20. Except for the transparent substrate 45 and the adhesive layer 46, the structure of the liquid crystal panel 110 is the same as that of the liquid crystal panel 100. Therefore, the common elements of the liquid crystal panel 100 and the liquid crystal panel 110 of the variation are given the same reference symbols, and the descriptions thereof are omitted. That is, the following descriptions related to each embodiment can be applied to each other as long as they are not technically contradictory. The following embodiments can also be combined with each other as long as they are not technically contradictory.

The transparent substrate 45 is, for example, in contact with the first high refractive index layer 1 of the anti-reflection film 10. However, the polarizing film 16 with an anti-reflection film may also include the anti-reflection film 11 illustrated in FIG. 3 instead of the anti-reflection film 10. In this case, the adhesive layer 6 of the anti-reflection film 11 is in contact with the transparent substrate 45. The adhesive layer 46 is, for example, disposed between the transparent substrate 45 and the polarizing film 20, and is in contact with the transparent substrate 45 and the polarizing film 20, respectively.

As the transparent substrate 45, the first transparent substrate 60 and the second transparent substrate 70 described above can be used, and it is preferably made of glass. In this specification, the transparent substrate 45 made of glass is sometimes referred to as "cover glass".

As the adhesive layer 46, the adhesive layer 30 described above can be used. In particular, the adhesive layer 46 preferably includes a commercially available optically transparent adhesive (OCA). The adhesive layer 46 can be formed using an adhesive tape such as LUCIACS (registered trademark) CS9621T.

(Another variation of the liquid crystal panel) The liquid crystal panel 100 or 110 may further include a touch sensor or a touch panel. FIG. 5 shows a liquid crystal panel 120 including a touch panel 80. Except for the touch panel 80, the structure of the liquid crystal panel 120 is the same as that of the liquid crystal panel 100.

In the liquid crystal panel 120, the touch panel 80 is, for example, arranged on a more visible side than the anti-reflection film 10. The touch panel 80 is not in contact with the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film, and a gap (air layer) is formed between the touch panel 80 and the polarizing film 15 with an anti-reflection film. The liquid crystal panel 120 is a so-called external liquid crystal panel. The touch panel 80 can be an optical type, an ultrasonic type, a capacitive type, a resistive film type, etc. When the touch panel 80 is a resistive film type, the touch panel 80 has, for example, a structure in which two electrode plates having a transparent conductive film are arranged opposite to each other via a partition. When the touch panel 80 is a capacitive type, the touch panel 80 is, for example, composed of a transparent conductive film having a predetermined pattern shape.

(Implementation of liquid crystal display device) The liquid crystal display device of this implementation, for example, has a liquid crystal panel 100 and a lighting system. In the liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal panel 110 or 120 may be used instead of the liquid crystal panel 100. In the liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal panel 100 is, for example, arranged closer to the visual side than the lighting system. The lighting system, for example, has a backlight or a reflector, which irradiates light to the liquid crystal panel 100.

Examples The present invention is described in more detail below by way of examples. The present invention is not limited to the examples shown below. In addition, unless otherwise specified, "%" means "% by weight", "parts" means "parts by weight", and "thickness" means "physical film thickness". Unless otherwise specified, the indoor temperature and humidity are 23°C and 65%RH.

<Weight average molecular weight of (meth)acrylic acid polymer> In the following examples, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the (meth)acrylic acid polymer was measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography). The Mw/Mn of the (meth)acrylic acid polymer was measured in the same manner. ・Analysis apparatus: HLC-8120GPC manufactured by Tosoh Corporation ・Column: G7000H _XL +GMH _XL +GMH _XL manufactured by Tosoh Corporation ・Column size: 7.8 mmφ×30 cm each, 90 cm in total ・Column temperature: 40°C ・Flow rate: 0.8 mL/min ・Injection volume: 100 µL ・Eluent: Tetrahydrofuran ・Detector: Differential refractometer (RI) ・Standard sample: Polystyrene

<Adhesive layer A> First, 76.9 parts of butyl acrylate, 18 parts of benzyl acrylate, 5 parts of acrylic acid, and 0.1 parts of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate were added to a four-necked flask equipped with a stirring blade, a thermometer, a nitrogen inlet tube, and a cooler to obtain a monomer mixture. 0.1 parts of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator and 100 parts of ethyl acetate were added to 100 parts of the monomer mixture (solid component). While slowly stirring the mixture, nitrogen was introduced into the flask for nitrogen substitution. The polymerization reaction was carried out for 8 hours while the liquid temperature in the flask was maintained at around 55°C, and a solution of an acrylic polymer with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2 million and Mw/Mn=4.1 was prepared.

Next, 0.45 parts of an isocyanate crosslinking agent (Coronate L manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, toluene trihydroxymethylpropane diisocyanate), 0.1 parts of a peroxide crosslinking agent (NYPER BMT manufactured by NOF Corporation) and 0.2 parts of a silane coupling agent (KBM-403 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., γ-glycidoxypropylmethoxysilane) were further mixed with respect to 100 parts of the solid content of the acrylic polymer solution to prepare a solution of an acrylic adhesive composition.

Next, the obtained solution was coated on one side of a separation piece (MRF38 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Polyester Film Co., Ltd.). The separation piece was a polyethylene terephthalate film treated with a silicone-based release agent. The obtained coating film was dried at 155°C for 1 minute to form an adhesive layer A on the surface of the separation piece. The thickness of the adhesive layer A was 20µm.

<Adhesive layer B> Adhesive layer B was prepared in the same manner as adhesive layer A except that 1 part of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI, manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Co.) was further mixed with 100 parts of the solid content of the acrylic polymer solution to prepare a solution of an acrylic adhesive composition.

<Adhesive layer C> First, 94.9 parts of butyl acrylate, 5 parts of acrylic acid, and 0.1 parts of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate were added to a four-necked flask equipped with a stirring blade, a thermometer, a nitrogen inlet tube, and a cooler to obtain a monomer mixture. 0.1 parts of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator and 100 parts of ethyl acetate were added to 100 parts of the monomer mixture (solid component). While slowly stirring the mixture, nitrogen was introduced into the flask for nitrogen substitution. The polymerization reaction was carried out for 8 hours while the liquid temperature in the flask was maintained at around 55°C, and a solution of an acrylic polymer with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2.1 million and Mw/Mn=4.0 was prepared.

Next, 0.45 parts of an isocyanate crosslinking agent (Coronate L manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, toluene trihydroxymethylpropane diisocyanate), 0.1 parts of a peroxide crosslinking agent (NYPER BMT manufactured by NOF Corporation) and 0.2 parts of a silane coupling agent (KBM-403 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., γ-glycidoxypropylmethoxysilane) were further mixed with respect to 100 parts of the solid content of the acrylic polymer solution to prepare a solution of an acrylic adhesive composition.

Next, the obtained solution was coated on one side of a separation piece (MRF38 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Polyester Film Co., Ltd.). The separation piece was a polyethylene terephthalate film treated with a silicone-based release agent. The obtained coating film was dried at 155°C for 1 minute to form an adhesive layer C on the surface of the separation piece. The thickness of the adhesive layer C was 12µm.

<Anti-reflective film AR1> First, as the resin for forming the anti-glare layer, 50 parts by weight of UV-curable urethane acrylate resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., trade name "UV1700TL", solid content concentration 80% by weight) and 50 parts by weight of multifunctional acrylate containing pentaerythritol triacrylate as the main component (Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name "Viscoat #300", solid content concentration 100% by weight) were prepared. For every 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the resin, there were mixed 4 parts by weight of particles of a (meth)acrylate and styrene copolymer (manufactured by Sekisui Chemicals Co., Ltd., trade name "Techpolymer SSX504TNR", weight average particle size: 3.0 µm), 1.5 parts by weight of synthetic bentonite as an organoclay imparting agent (manufactured by Kunimine Industries Co., Ltd., trade name "Sumecton San"), 3 parts by weight of a photopolymerization initiator (manufactured by BASF, trade name "OMNIRAD907"), and 0.015 parts by weight of a leveling agent (manufactured by DIC Corporation, trade name "GRANDIC PC4100", solid content concentration 10% by weight). The mixture was diluted with a toluene/cyclopentanone mixed solvent (weight ratio 80/20) to a solid content of 50 wt %, thereby preparing a material (coating liquid) for forming an anti-glare layer.

Next, prepare a triacetate cellulose (TAC) film (manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd., trade name "TD60UL"). Use a bar coater to apply a material (coating liquid) for forming an anti-glare layer on one side of the transparent plastic film (TAC film) to form a coating. Then, heat the transparent plastic film with the coating formed at 80°C for 1 minute to dry the coating. Next, use a high-pressure mercury lamp to irradiate the coating with ultraviolet light with a cumulative light intensity of 300mJ/ ^cm2 for hardening. In this way, an anti-glare layer with a thickness of 8.0µm is formed, and a TAC film with an anti-glare layer is obtained. The haze of the TAC film with an anti-glare layer is 8%.

Then, the TAC film with the anti-glare layer is introduced into a roll-to-roll sputtering film forming device, and the film is allowed to travel, thereby bombarding the surface of the anti-glare layer (using Ar gas plasma treatment). Then, a SiO _x layer (x < 2) with a physical film thickness of 3nm is formed on the surface of the anti-glare layer as an adhesion layer. Next, _{a Nb2O5} layer (first high refractive index layer) with a physical film thickness of 12nm, a _SiO2 layer (first low refractive index layer) with a physical film thickness of 29nm, a _Nb2O5 layer (second high refractive index layer) with a physical film _thickness of 116nm, and a _SiO2 layer (second low refractive index layer) with a physical film thickness of 78nm are sequentially formed on the adhesion layer to produce a laminate a. When forming these oxide thin films, the amount of argon introduced and the amount of exhaust gas are adjusted to keep the pressure in the device constant and the amount of oxygen introduced is adjusted by plasma spectrometer (PEM) control.

Next, a layer made of fluorine resin (physical film thickness: 9 nm) is formed on the surface of the second low refractive index layer ( _SiO2 layer) of the laminate a as an antifouling layer. An adhesive layer C is transferred to the surface of the TAC film of the laminate a to produce an antireflection film AR1.

<Anti-reflection films AR2~AR10> Anti-reflection films AR2~AR10 were produced in the same manner as anti-reflection film AR1, except that the physical film thickness of each layer was changed to the value shown in Table 1.

[Table 1]

<Polarizing film P1> First, an acrylic film was prepared by the following method. 8,000 g of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2,000 g of methyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate (MHMA), 10,000 g of 4-methyl-2-pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone, MIBK), and 5 g of n-dodecyl mercaptan were added to a 30 L kettle reactor equipped with a stirring device, a temperature sensor, a cooling tube, and a nitrogen inlet. Nitrogen was introduced into the reactor, and the mixture in the reactor was heated to 105°C and refluxed. Next, 5.0 g of tertiary butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate (Kayakarubon BIC-7, manufactured by KAYAKU AKZO CO., LTD.) was added as a polymerization initiator, and a solution consisting of 10.0 g of tertiary butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate and 230 g of MIBK was dripped over 4 hours to perform solution polymerization. The solution polymerization was performed at about 105-120° C. under reflux. After dripping the solution, it took another 4 hours to mature.

Then, 30 g of octadecyl phosphate/dioctadecyl phosphate mixture (Phoslex A-18, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry) was added to the obtained polymer solution, and a cyclocondensation reaction was carried out at about 90-120°C for 5 hours under reflux. Then, the obtained solution was introduced into a vented twin-screw extruder (φ=29.75mm, L/D=30) at a processing rate of 2.0 kg/h calculated as the amount of resin. The vented twin-screw extruder had a barrel temperature of 260°C, a rotation number of 100 rpm, a reduced pressure of 13.3-400 hPa (10-300 mmHg), 1 rear vent hole, and 4 front vent holes. The cyclocondensation reaction is further carried out in the extruder while devolatization is carried out. Thus, transparent pellets of a polymer containing a lactone ring are obtained.

The obtained lactone ring-containing polymer was subjected to dynamic TG measurement, and a mass loss of 0.17 mass % was detected. In addition, the weight average molecular weight of the lactone ring-containing polymer was 133,000, the melt flow rate was 6.5 g/10 minutes, and the glass transition temperature was 131°C.

The obtained pellets were kneaded and extruded with acrylonitrile-styrene (AS) resin (TOYO AS AS20, manufactured by TOYO STYRENE CO., LTD.) at a mass ratio of 90/10 using a uniaxial extruder (screw 30 mm φ) to obtain transparent pellets. The glass transition temperature of the obtained pellets was 127°C.

The pellets were melt extruded from a 400mm wide coat hanger T-die using a 50mmφ uniaxial extruder to produce a 120µm thick film. The film was stretched 2.0 times in length and 2.0 times in width at 150°C using a biaxial stretching device to obtain a 30μm thick stretched film (acrylic film). The optical properties of the stretched film were measured, and the total light transmittance was 93%, the in-plane phase difference Δnd was 0.8nm, and the thickness direction phase difference Rth was 1.5nm.

Next, the polarizing film P1 was made using the following method. First, between multiple rollers with different speed ratios, a polyvinyl alcohol film with a thickness of 45µm was dyed in a 0.3% iodine solution (temperature 30°C) for 1 minute and stretched to a stretching ratio of 3 times. Then, the resulting stretched film was immersed in an aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 4% and a potassium iodide concentration of 10% (temperature 60°C) for 0.5 minutes and stretched to a total stretching ratio of 6 times. Then, the stretched film was immersed in an aqueous solution containing a potassium iodide concentration of 1.5% (temperature 30°C) for 10 seconds to wash it. Then, by drying the stretched film at 50°C for 4 minutes, a polarizer with a thickness of 18µm was obtained. A 40µm thick TAC film (manufactured by Konica Minolta, trade name "KC4UY") was bonded to one main surface of the obtained polarizer through a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive. The 30µm thick acrylic film was bonded to the other main surface of the polarizer through a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive. Thus, a polarizing film P1 was obtained.

(Example 1) First, 50 parts of a solution containing PEDOT/PSS (Denatron PT-436 manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Co.) and 50 parts of water were mixed to prepare a coating liquid having a solid content concentration of 0.5% by weight. Next, the coating liquid was applied to the surface of the acrylic film side of the polarizing film P1. The resulting coating film was dried at 80°C for 2 minutes to prepare a conductive layer. Thus, a polarizing film with a conductive layer was obtained. The thickness of the conductive layer was 30 nm.

Next, the adhesive layer C of the anti-reflection film AR1 is attached to the surface of the TAC film of the polarizing film P1. The adhesive layer A is transferred to the surface of the conductive layer, thereby manufacturing the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film of Example 1 having a structure of anti-reflection film AR1/polarizing film P1/conductive layer/adhesive layer A.

(Example 2) Except that the PEDOT/PSS coating liquid is applied to the polarizing film P1 in such a way that the thickness of the conductive layer becomes 90nm, the polarizing film with anti-reflection film of Example 2 is produced in the same manner as Example 1.

(Examples 3-12 and Comparative Examples 1-2) Except that the anti-reflection film, the conductive layer and the adhesive layer are changed to the combination shown in Table 2, the polarizing films with anti-reflection films of Examples 3-12 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. In addition, in Comparative Example 2, the conductive layer is not formed on the polarizing film P1, and the adhesive layer A is directly attached to the surface of the acrylic film side of the polarizing film P1.

(Example 13) First, 9 parts of a solution containing PEDOT/PSS (Denatron P-580W manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Co.) and 91 parts of water were mixed to prepare a coating liquid having a solid content concentration of 0.27% by weight. Next, the coating liquid was applied to the surface of the acrylic film side of the polarizing film P1. The resulting coating film was dried at 80°C for 2 minutes to prepare a conductive layer. Thus, a polarizing film with a conductive layer was obtained. The thickness of the conductive layer was 100 nm.

Next, the adhesive layer C of the anti-reflection film AR4 is attached to the surface of the TAC film of the polarizing film P1. The adhesive layer A is transferred to the surface of the conductive layer, thereby manufacturing the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film of Example 13 having the structure of anti-reflection film AR4/polarizing film P1/conductive layer/adhesive layer A.

(Comparative Example 3) First, 8.6 parts of a solution containing PEDOT/PSS (Denatron P-580W manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Co.) and A coating liquid (solid content concentration 0.5 wt %) for forming a conductive layer was prepared by mixing 1 part of a solution of an oxazoline-containing acrylic polymer (trade name: Epocros WS-700, manufactured by Nippon Catalyst) with 90.4 parts of water. The concentration of the polythiophene-based polymer in the obtained coating liquid was 0.04 wt % and the concentration of the oxazoline-containing acrylic polymer was 0.25 wt %.

Next, the obtained coating liquid was applied to the main surface of the acrylic film side of the polarizing film P1. The obtained coating film was dried at 80°C for 2 minutes to produce a conductive layer. Thus, a polarizing film with a conductive layer was obtained. The thickness of the conductive layer was 60 nm.

Next, the adhesive layer C of the anti-reflection film AR10 is attached to the surface of the TAC film of the polarizing film P1. The adhesive layer A is transferred to the surface of the conductive layer, thereby manufacturing the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film of Comparative Example 3 having a structure of anti-reflection film AR10/polarizing film P1/conductive layer/adhesive layer A.

<Optical properties of polarizing film with anti-reflection film> The polarizing film with anti-reflection film obtained in the examples and comparative examples was evaluated by the above method in terms of the visual reflectance Y, L* value, a* value and ^b* value of the reflected light generated when the light from the CIE standard light source D65 was incident on the anti ^- reflection film, and the color difference ΔE between the light satisfying L ^* value = 0, a ^* value = 0 and b ^* value = 0 and the reflected light. At this time, the polarizing film with ^anti -reflection film was cut into 50 mm squares before use. The alkali-free glass used was EG-XG (thickness 0.7 mm) manufactured by Corning Incorporated. The black film used was made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The spectral reflectance is measured using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Konica Minolta, trade name "CM2600D"). The evaluation sample used to evaluate the optical properties has a structure of polarizing film with anti-reflection film/alkali-free glass/black PET film. However, for the polarizing film with anti-reflection film in Comparative Example 1, an alkali-free glass with an amorphous ITO layer (thickness 20nm) formed on the surface is used to evaluate the reflected light. That is, in Comparative Example 1, the evaluation sample has a structure of polarizing film with anti-reflection film/ITO layer/alkali-free glass/black PET film. Sputtering is used to make the ITO layer. The Sn ratio of ITO contained in the ITO layer is 3% by weight. The Sn ratio is calculated from the weight of Sn atoms in ITO/(weight of Sn atoms + weight of In atoms).

<Optical properties of anti-reflection film> For anti-reflection films AR1~AR10, the visual reflectance Y ₁ , a ₁ ^* value and b ₁ ^* value of the reflected light generated when light from CIE standard light source D65 is incident are evaluated using the above method. The black film, spectrophotometer, etc. used are the same as those used to evaluate the optical properties of polarizing film with anti-reflection film.

<Surface resistivity of adhesive layer> The surface resistivity (Ω/□) of adhesive layers A and B was measured at the stage where adhesive layer A or B was formed on the surface of the separation part. The surface resistivity was measured using a resistivity meter (Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.). The measurement conditions were an applied voltage of 250V and an applied time of 10 seconds.

<Surface resistivity of conductive layer> In the examples and comparative examples, the surface resistivity (Ω/□) of the conductive layer was measured at the stage where the conductive layer was formed on the surface of the polarizing film P1. In Example 13 and Comparative Example 3, the surface resistivity of the conductive layer was measured using a resistivity meter (Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the method specified in JIS K6911:1995. The measurement conditions were an applied voltage of 10 V and an applied time of 10 seconds. In Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Example 1, the surface resistivity of the conductive layer was measured using a resistivity meter (Loresta-GP MCP-T600 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the method specified in JIS K7194: 1994. The measurement conditions were an applied voltage of 10 V and an applied time of 10 seconds.

<Surface resistivity of polarizing film> In Comparative Example 2, the surface resistivity of polarizing film P1 was measured using a resistivity meter (Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the method specified in JIS K6911:1995. The measurement conditions were an applied voltage of 10V and an applied time of 10 seconds. The surface resistivity of polarizing film P1 was greater than 1.0×10 ¹⁴ Ω/□.

<Loss of total light transmittance A caused by the conductive layer> First, the total light transmittance T1 of the polarizing film P1 is measured using a spectrophotometer (V7100 manufactured by JASCO Corporation) in accordance with the provisions of JIS K7361-1:1997. In the same way, at the stage where the conductive layer has been formed on the surface of the polarizing film P1, the total light transmittance T2 of the laminate L composed of the polarizing film P1 and the conductive layer is measured. The total light transmittance T2 of the laminate L is measured by making light incident from the side of the polarizing film P1. The difference (T1-T2) between the total light transmittance T1 and the total light transmittance T2 of the polarizing film P1 is calculated, and the calculated value is regarded as the loss of total light transmittance A caused by the conductive layer.

<ESD test> First, the polarizing film with anti-reflection film obtained in the embodiment and the comparative example is attached to the viewing side surface of the liquid crystal unit to produce a liquid crystal panel. However, in comparative example 1, a liquid crystal unit with an amorphous ITO layer (thickness 20nm) formed on the surface is used. That is, in comparative example 1, the liquid crystal panel has a structure of polarizing film with anti-reflection film/ITO layer/liquid crystal unit. Sputtering is used to make the ITO layer. The Sn ratio of ITO contained in the ITO layer is 3% by weight. Then, silver paste is applied in a width of 5mm in a manner covering the side of the polarizing film with anti-reflection film. A conductive structure composed of silver is formed by drying the silver paste. Through this conductive structure, the liquid crystal panel is electrically connected to the external ground electrode. Next, the LCD panel is mounted on the backlight device. Next, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) gun with an applied voltage adjusted to 10kV is used to apply static electricity to the visual side (anti-reflection film side) of the LCD panel. As a result, a portion of the LCD panel turns white. After applying static electricity, the time T until the whitened portion disappears is measured. In Table 2, the results of the ESD test are evaluated based on the following criteria for time T. In addition, the ESD test is performed under conditions of 23°C and 55%RH. (Evaluation criteria) A: Less than 0.5 seconds B: More than 0.5 seconds and less than 1 second C: More than 1 second and less than 10 seconds D: More than 10 seconds

<Color tone> The LCD panel produced in the above ESD test was observed with the naked eye from the visual side (anti-reflection film side) to evaluate the color tone. In the color tone items in Table 2, A means no color tone was confirmed. B means only a very small color tone was confirmed. C means some color tone was confirmed. D means color tone was confirmed.

[Table 2]

As shown in Table 2, the polarizing films with anti-reflection films of Examples 1 to 13 having a conductive layer with a surface resistivity of 1.0×10 ⁶ Ω/□ or less have good ESD test results compared to Comparative Examples 2 and 3, and it is estimated that the static electricity of the liquid crystal panel can be fully suppressed. From the ESD test results of Example 3 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that by using an adhesive layer with a conductive material added together with the conductive layer, the static electricity of the liquid crystal panel can be fully suppressed compared to the case of using an ITO layer.

Furthermore, in the liquid crystal panels with polarizing films with anti-reflection films of Examples 1 to 13, which have sufficiently low values of the visual reflectivity Y of reflected light, light reflection is sufficiently suppressed. It is speculated that these liquid crystal panels are suitable for improving the visibility of liquid crystal display devices. In contrast, in Comparative Example 1, the visual reflectivity Y is greatly increased due to the presence of the ITO layer, and light reflection in the liquid crystal panel cannot be sufficiently suppressed.

Industrial Applicability The liquid crystal panel of the present invention is suitable for use in applications requiring good visibility, such as in-vehicle displays.

1: 1st high refractive index layer 2: 1st low refractive index layer 3: 2nd high refractive index layer 4: 2nd low refractive index layer 5: Base material 6: Adhesive layer 10,11: Anti-reflective film 15,16: Polarizing film with anti-reflective film 20: Polarizing film 25: Liquid crystal unit 30: Adhesive layer 40: Conductive layer 45: Transparent substrate 46: Adhesive layer 50: Liquid crystal layer 60: 1st transparent substrate 70: 2nd transparent substrate 80: Touch panel 100,110,120: Liquid crystal panel

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an anti-reflection film. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of an anti-reflection film. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of a liquid crystal panel. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another modified example of a liquid crystal panel. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between a ^* and b ^* values of reflected light from a polarizing film with an anti-reflection film of an embodiment and a comparative example.

10: Anti-reflective film

15: Polarizing film with anti-reflective film

20: Polarizing film

25: Liquid crystal unit

30: Adhesive layer

40: Conductive layer

50: Liquid crystal layer

60: 1st transparent substrate

70: Second transparent substrate

100: LCD panel

Claims (15)

A liquid crystal panel comprises: a polarizing film with an anti-reflection film, which has an anti-reflection film, a polarizing film and an adhesive layer in the stacking direction, and further has a conductive layer; and a liquid crystal unit; and no conductive layer is provided between the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film and the liquid crystal unit; the surface resistivity of the conductive layer of the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film is 7.0×10 ⁵ Ω/□ or less; when the polarizing film with an anti-reflection film is stacked with the alkali-free glass in a manner that the adhesive layer is directly in contact with the alkali-free glass, when light from a CIE standard light source D65 is incident from the surface on the side opposite to the adhesive layer, reflected light with a visual reflectivity Y of 1.1% or less is generated. As in the liquid crystal panel of claim 1, the aforementioned polarizing film with anti-reflection film has the aforementioned conductive layer disposed between the aforementioned polarizing film and the aforementioned adhesive layer. The liquid crystal panel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface resistivity is less than 1.0×10 ⁴ Ω/□. The liquid crystal panel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface resistivity is greater than 5.0×10 ² Ω/□. As in the liquid crystal panel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the aforementioned visual reflectivity Y is less than 0.9%. As in claim 1 or 2, the aforementioned polarizing film with anti-reflection film has a total light transmittance loss of less than 0.9% caused by the aforementioned conductive layer. A liquid crystal panel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the a ^* value and b ^* value of the reflected light in the L ^* a ^* b ^* colorimetric system satisfy the following relations (1) and (2): -10≦a ^* ≦10 (1) -18≦b ^* ≦5 (2). A liquid crystal panel as claimed in claim 7, wherein the a ^* value is greater than -6 and less than 6. A liquid crystal panel as claimed in claim 8, wherein the aforementioned a ^* value is greater than -3 and less than 3. A liquid crystal panel as claimed in claim 7, wherein the b ^* value is greater than -15 and less than 3. A liquid crystal panel as claimed in claim 10, wherein the b ^* value is greater than -10 and less than 2. A liquid crystal panel as claimed in claim 11, wherein the b ^* value is greater than -6 and less than 2. The liquid crystal panel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the anti-reflection film has a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, a second high refractive index layer and a second low refractive index layer in the stacking direction. For example, the liquid crystal panel of claim 13, wherein the optical film thickness of the first high refractive index layer is 20nm~35nm, the optical film thickness of the first low refractive index layer is 38nm~50nm, the optical film thickness of the second high refractive index layer is 230nm~290nm, and the optical film thickness of the second low refractive index layer is 100nm~128nm. As in the liquid crystal panel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the aforementioned adhesive layer contains a conductive material.