TWI855342B - Helmet - Google Patents

Abstract

A helmet comprising: an outer shell; a head mount, configured to be mounted on the top of the head of a wearer of the helmet; wherein the head mount is suspended within the outer shell such that, in use, an air gap is provided between the head mount and the outer shell; the head mount comprises a plurality of straps, that are configured to extend across the top of the head of a wearer of the helmet, and a head ring that at least partially surrounds the head of a wearer of the helmet, extending around the craniocaudal axis; and the helmet further comprises: a head engagement device that is provided on a surface of the head mount, that is configured to face the head of a wearer of the helmet, such that the head engagement device can move relative to the head mount; and a head engagement device support that is configured to inhibit the movement of the head engagement device through gaps between the straps and/or head ring of the head mount into the air gap between the head mount and the outer shell.

Description

Helmets

The present invention relates to a helmet.

Impact protection devices are generally intended to reduce the energy transferred to an object (such as a person to be protected) as a result of an impact. This can be achieved by energy absorbing members, energy redirecting members, or a combination thereof. Energy absorbing members may include energy absorbing materials, such as foam materials, or structures configured to elastically and/or plastically deform in response to an impact. Energy redirecting members may include structures configured to slide, shear, or otherwise move in response to an impact.

Impact protection equipment includes protective clothing for protecting a wearer of the clothing. Protective clothing comprising energy absorbing components and/or energy redirecting components is known. For example, such components are widely used in protective headwear, such as helmets.

Examples of helmets that include energy absorbing members and energy redirecting members include WO 2001/045526 and WO 2011/139224 (incorporated herein in their entirety by reference). Specifically, these helmets include at least one layer formed of energy absorbing material and at least one layer that can move relative to the head of the helmet wearer under an impact.

Implementing moving parts in a helmet can be challenging. For example, ensuring that friction between the moving parts can be overcome under an impact to allow sufficient relative movement between the parts can be challenging. Ensuring that the helmet can be relatively easy to manufacture and assemble can be challenging.

An object of the present invention is to provide a helmet that at least partially solves some of the problems discussed above.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a helmet is provided, comprising: an outer shell; a head support pad configured to be mounted on the top of a wearer's head of the helmet; wherein the head support pad is suspended within the outer shell so that an air gap is provided between the head support pad and the outer shell when in use; the head support pad comprises a plurality of straps configured to extend across the top of a wearer's head of the helmet, and a headband at least partially surrounding the wearer's head of the helmet, It extends around the head-tail axis; and the helmet further includes: a head coupling device, which is arranged on a surface of the head support pad and is configured to face the head of a wearer of the helmet so that the head coupling device can move relative to the head support pad; and a head coupling device bracket, which is configured to prevent the head coupling device from moving through the gaps between the straps and/or headbands of the head support pad and entering the air gap between the head support pad and the shell.

In one configuration, the head engagement device support includes a crown connected to at least one of the straps at a location corresponding to the top of a head of a wearer of the helmet, and at least one limb portion extending from the crown to the headband and connected to the headband.

In one configuration, the head engagement device support includes at least two limb portions, each limb portion extending from the crown to a location on the headband corresponding to a respective side of a head of a wearer of the helmet.

In one configuration, the head engagement device support includes at least one limb portion extending from the crown to a position on the headband corresponding to the front of a wearer's head of the helmet, and/or at least one limb portion extending from the crown to a position on the headband corresponding to the back of a wearer's head of the helmet.

In one configuration, the crown of the head engagement device support includes at least one slot; and the head engagement device support is connected to the head support pad by at least one strap of the head support pad passing through the at least one slot in the crown.

In one arrangement, the crown of the head engagement device support is connected to the head support pad by an extension of the crown of the head engagement device support extending around at least one strap and connected to itself.

In one configuration, at least one limb portion of the head engaging device support is connected to the headband by an end of the limb portion extending around a portion of the headband and connected to itself.

In one configuration, the headgear includes at least one connector configured to connect the head engagement device to the head engagement device support while allowing the head engagement device to move relative to the head engagement device support.

In one configuration, at least one connector is disposed on the crown of the head engagement device support.

In one configuration, at least one connector is disposed on a limb portion of the head engagement device support.

In one configuration, at least one connector on a limb portion of the head engagement device support is positioned at a location where the limb portion is connected to the headband.

In one configuration, the connector includes a sheet of elastically deformable material; and the sheet of elastically deformable material is connected to one of the head joint device bracket and the head joint device at an internal area of the sheet of elastically deformable material, and is connected to the other of the head joint device bracket and the head joint device at a peripheral area of the sheet of elastically deformable material.

In one arrangement, the head engaging device support includes at least one outer surface formed from a fabric or felt.

In one arrangement, the head engaging device support is formed of a material comprising a foam layer laminated between two layers of fabric or felt; and the foam layer is stiffer than the layers of fabric or felt.

In one arrangement, the head engaging device support is made of two layers of fabric or felt with a plastic sheet inserted therebetween having a shape corresponding to at least a portion of the head engaging device support.

In one configuration, a low friction interface is provided between the head engagement device and at least one of the head support pad and the head engagement device bracket.

In one configuration, the low friction interface is provided by a low coefficient of friction between the head engagement device and the surfaces of the head support pad and/or the head engagement device bracket.

In one configuration, the head engagement device is connected to the head support pad.

In one configuration, the head support pad includes a plurality of straps extending between a pair of opposing connection points on the housing.

In one arrangement, the head engagement means is provided as a single component.

In one configuration, the head engagement device is composed of a plurality of separate parts.

In one configuration, the head engaging device includes a crown region configured to be located between the top of a wearer's head of the helmet and the head support pad, and a front region configured to be located adjacent the headband.

In one configuration, the head engagement means further comprises a middle region connecting the crown region to the front region.

In one arrangement, the head engaging means comprises a sheet of material which is optionally shaped to conform to the head of a wearer of the helmet.

In one configuration, when the helmet is not subjected to an impact, the distance between the shell and the head support pad provided by the air gap at a position corresponding to the top of a wearer's head is at least 10 mm, optionally at least 15 mm, optionally at least 20 mm, optionally at least 30 mm, optionally at least 40 mm.

It should be noted that the drawings are schematic and that the ratios of the thickness of the layers depicted in the drawings and/or any gaps between the layers may have been exaggerated or reduced for the sake of clarity and may of course be adapted as needed and desired.

The general features of an example helmet are described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 .

Figures 1 to 4 show an example helmet 1 including an outer layer 2 or shell. The purpose of the outer layer 2 may be to provide stiffness to the helmet. This may help spread the energy of an impact over a larger area of the helmet 1. The outer layer 2 may also provide protection against objects that may pierce the helmet 1. Thus, the outer layer 2 may be a relatively strong and/or rigid layer, for example compared to an energy absorbing layer 3. The outer layer 2 may be a relatively thin layer, for example compared to an energy absorbing layer 3.

The outer layer 2 may be formed of a relatively strong and/or rigid material. Preferred such materials include polymeric materials, such as polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Advantageously, the polymeric material may be fiber reinforced using materials such as glass fiber, amide, Twaron, carbon fiber and/or Kevlar.

As shown in FIG4 , one or more outer panels 7 may be mounted to the outer layer 2 of the helmet 1. The outer panels 7 may be formed of a relatively strong and/or rigid material, such as the same type of material as that used to form the outer layer 2. The material selection used to form the outer panels 7 may be the same as or different from the material used to form the outer layer 2.

The helmet of Figure 4 is configured so that the outer plate 7 can slide relative to the outer layer 2 in response to an impact. A sliding interface can be provided between the outer plate 7 and the outer layer 2.

The friction reducing member for reducing the friction at the sliding interface can be provided by forming the outer layer 2 and/or the outer plate 7 from a low friction material, providing an additional low friction layer on one surface of the outer layer 2, and/or the outer plate 8 facing the sliding interface, by applying a low friction coating to the outer layer 2 and/or the outer plate 7, and/or by applying a lubricant to the outer layer 2 and/or the outer plate 7.

The helmet 1 shown in FIG4 also includes a connector 5 attached to the outer plate 7. The connector 5 is also attached to the outer layer 2 to allow relative sliding between the plate 7 and the outer layer 2. Alternatively or additionally, one or more connectors 5 may be connected to another part of the remainder of the helmet 1, such as an energy absorbing layer 3. The connector 5 may also be connected to two or more parts of the remainder of the helmet 1.

In such an arrangement, in the event that the helmet 1 is subjected to an impact, it is expected that the impact will occur on one or a limited number of outer panels 7. Therefore, by configuring the helmet so that one or more outer panels 7 can move relative to the outer layer 2 and any outer panels 7 that have not been subjected to an impact, the surface receiving the impact, i.e., one or a limited number of outer panels 7, can move relative to the remainder of the helmet 1. This can reduce the rotational acceleration of a wearer's head in the event of an impact.

It will be appreciated that such a configuration of outer plate 7 may be added to any of the helmets described herein.

Figures 2 to 4 show an example helmet 1 including an optional energy absorbing layer 3. The purpose of the energy absorbing layer 3 is to absorb and dissipate the energy generated by an impact to reduce the energy transferred to the helmet wearer. In the helmet 1, the energy absorbing layer can be the main energy absorbing element. Although other elements of the helmet 1 can absorb energy to a more limited extent, this is not their primary purpose.

The energy absorbing layer 3 can absorb energy from a radial component of an impact more effectively than a tangential component of an impact. The term "radial" generally refers to a direction substantially toward the center of the wearer's head, such as substantially perpendicular to an outer surface of the helmet 1. The term "tangential" can refer to a direction substantially perpendicular to the radial direction in a plane that includes the radial direction and the impact direction.

The energy absorbing layer may be formed of an energy absorbing material, such as a foam material. Preferred such materials include expanded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polypropylene (EPP), expanded polyurethane (EPU), vinyl nitrile foams; or strain sensitive foams, such as those sold under the Poron ^™ and D3O ^™ brands.

Alternatively, or additionally, the energy absorbing layer may have a structure that provides energy absorbing properties. For example, the energy absorbing layer may include deformable elements, such as air bags or finger-like protrusions, which deform upon impact to absorb and dissipate impact energy.

As shown in Fig. 3, the energy absorbing layer 3 of the helmet 1 can be divided into outer and inner parts 3A, 3B. These parts 3A, 3B can be configured to rotate relative to each other.

The energy absorbing layer 3 is not limited to one specific configuration or material. The energy absorbing layer 3 may be provided by multiple layers having different configurations, i.e. formed of different materials or having different structures. The energy absorbing layer 3 may be a relatively thick layer. For example, it may be the thickest layer of the helmet 1.

In use, the layer of energy absorbing material may be provided as an outer shell on substantially all surfaces of the hard shell facing the wearer's head, although ventilation holes may be provided. Alternatively or additionally, localized areas of energy absorbing material may be provided between the hard shell and a head support pad (as described below). For example, a strip of energy absorbing material may be provided around the lower edge of the outer shell, and/or a section of energy absorbing material may be provided over the top of the wearer's head.

In some example helmets, the size of the outer layer 2 and/or the energy absorbing layer 3 can be adjusted to provide a customized fit. For example, the outer layer 2 can be provided in separate front and rear portions. The relative position of the front and rear portions can be adjusted to change the size of the outer layer 2. To avoid gaps in the outer layer 2, the front and rear portions can overlap. The energy absorbing layer 3 can also be provided in separate front and rear portions. These can be configured so that the relative position of the front and rear portions can be adjusted to change the size of the energy absorbing layer 3. To avoid gaps in the energy absorbing layer 3, the front and rear portions can overlap.

FIG. 1 shows an example helmet 1 including a head support pad 20. Although not shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, these example helmets also include a head support pad 20. The head support pad 20 can be provided to mount the helmet 1 on the head of a wearer. In some configurations, this can improve the comfort of the wearer.

The head support pad 20 may be provided in any form that functions to assist in mounting the helmet on the wearer's head. In some configurations, it may assist in securing the helmet 1 to the wearer's head, but this is not required. The head support pad 20 may be configured to at least partially conform to the wearer's head. For example, the head support pad 20 may be flexible and/or may include an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the size of the interface layer 20. In one configuration, the head support pad 20 may engage the top of a wearer's head.

The head support pad 20 may be removable. This may enable the head support pad 20 to be cleaned and/or may provide an interface layer that is configured to fit a particular wearer.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the head support pad 20 is suspended within the rest of the helmet, such as a cavity formed therein for accommodating the head (e.g., the shell 2 and/or the optional energy absorbing layer 3), so that an air gap 21 is provided between the rest of the helmet and the head support pad 20. The head support pad 20 can be connected to the rest of the helmet (e.g., to the shell 2 and/or the optional energy absorbing layer 3) by a connector 25. Such helmets are typically used for industrial purposes, such as construction workers, miners, or industrial machinery operators. However, helmets based on such a configuration can be used for other purposes.

In the helmet 1 as depicted in FIG. 1 , providing an air gap 21 between the inner surface of the shell 2 and the head support pad 20 is intended to ensure that the load caused by an impact on the shell 2 is distributed over a wearer's head. Specifically, the load is not confined to a point on the wearer's head near the point of impact on the helmet 1. Instead, the load is distributed over the shell 2 and subsequently over the head support pad 20 and, therefore, over the wearer's skull.

During an impact, some of the impact energy can be absorbed by the deformation of helmet components (such as the head support pad), reducing the size of the air gap. Therefore, the size of the air gap 21 between the shell 2 and the head support pad 20 can be selected to ensure that the head support pad 20 will not contact the shell 2 when an impact on the helmet is lower than a critical force that the helmet is designed to withstand, that is, the air gap 21 will not be completely eliminated, so that the impact can be directly transferred from the hard shell to the head support pad 20. However, in some examples of helmets, for impacts above the critical force, the gap 21 can be eliminated, such as at a standard position (such as the impact position), so that the rest of the helmet contacts the head support pad 20. This example helmet may include an energy absorbing layer 3 disposed in a space that would otherwise be empty and form an air gap 21. In other words, a portion of the air gap 21 may be replaced by an energy absorbing layer. This may allow the remainder of the helmet to be closer to the head support pad 20.

In one configuration, the helmet 1 may be configured such that, without an impact to the helmet, the distance between the shell 2 and the head support pad 20 at a position corresponding to the top of a wearer's head is at least 10 mm, optionally at least 15 mm, optionally at least 20 mm, optionally at least 30 mm, optionally at least 40 mm. Thus, the magnitude of the impact that the helmet 1 is designed to withstand and the size of the air gap 21 may depend on the intended use of the helmet 1. It should be understood that the size of the air gap 21 may be different at different locations, depending on the intended use of the helmet. For example, the air gap 21 at the front, back or side of the helmet may be smaller than at a position corresponding to the top of the wearer's head.

In configurations that include an energy absorbing layer, the energy absorbing layer can contribute to the helmet's ability to withstand radial impacts. In particular, in configurations where the energy absorbing material is located within the air gap between the outer shell 2 and the head support pad 20 at a location corresponding to the top of the wearer's head, it will be appreciated that the gap between the head support pad and the surface of the energy absorbing layer will be smaller than the gap between the outer shell and the head support pad, and can be eliminated entirely. Additionally, due to the action of the energy absorbing material in the event of a radial impact, a smaller gap between the outer shell and the head support pad may be required than would be the case without the energy absorbing material.

In some configurations, the head support pad 20 may include a headband or headband that at least partially surrounds the wearer's head. Alternatively or additionally, the head support pad 20 may include one or more straps that extend across the top of the wearer's head. Alternatively or additionally, the head support pad 20 may include a cover or shell that encapsulates an upper portion of the wearer's head. The straps or bands that form part of the head support pad may be formed of nylon fabric. Other materials may be used alternatively or additionally.

FIG5 shows an example of a helmet of the type schematically depicted in FIG1. As shown, the head support pad includes a plurality of straps 20 that extend across the top of the head of a wearer of the helmet 1. The straps 20 may be connected to the housing 2 at the connection points by any of a plurality of known methods. For example, the housing 2 may be molded to include a socket into which the connector 25 may be inserted.

In the configuration depicted in FIG. 5 , the head support pad is formed by two straps 20, each strap 20 extending between a pair of connectors 25, the connectors 25 being positioned so that the straps 20 extend across the head of the helmet wearer. For example, a first strap 20 may extend from a left rear position to a right front position, and a second strap 20 may extend from a right rear position to a left front position. However, it will be appreciated that many other configurations may be used. For example, additional straps may be provided so that three, four, or more straps extend across the top of the wearer's head. Similarly, the location of the connection point of the straps 20 to the remainder of the helmet 1 may be different than depicted in FIG. 5 .

In a configuration where different straps 20 are close to each other, for example, at the top of the wearer's head, the straps 20 may not be connected to each other, allowing some movement of one strap relative to the other straps. In other configurations, the straps 20 may be connected to each other at the intersection. In another configuration, the head support pad may include one or more straps that extend from a connection point to the remainder of the helmet 1 to a point where they connect to other straps, for example, at a position corresponding to the top of a wearer's head of the helmet.

Other straps (such as a chin strap) may be provided to secure the helmet 1 to the wearer's head.

As shown in FIG5 , the helmet 1 further comprises a head engaging device 40. The head engaging device 40 is mounted on a surface of the head support pad, i.e., the strap 20 in the configuration depicted in FIG5 , and when the wearer wears the helmet 1, the strap 20 faces the head of a wearer. In other words, the head engaging device 40 is disposed on the other side of the head support pad 20 opposite to the air gap existing between the head support pad 20 and the outer shell 2.

As discussed in further detail below, the head engagement device 40 is mounted so that the head engagement device 40 can move relative to the head support pad 20. In other words, the head engagement device 40 and the head support pad 20 are not rigidly connected to each other. A low friction interface can be provided between the head support pad 20 and the head engagement device 40. This can help the head engagement device 40 move relative to the head support pad 20 when the helmet 1 is hit.

When the helmet 1 is worn by a wearer, the ability of the head engaging means 40 to move relative to the head support pad 20 enables the helmet 1 to move relative to the wearer's head, e.g., to rotate, in the event that the helmet 1 is subjected to an oblique impact.

The low friction interface between the head support pad 20 and the head engagement device 40 can be implemented by any of a variety of methods. For example, the head engagement device 40 can be formed of a material that provides a sufficiently low coefficient of friction between it and the head support pad 20. For example, it can be formed of polypropylene (PP), nylon, polycarbonate (PC), polyketone, or any other low friction material (such as those discussed above). By selecting suitable materials for forming one or both of the head support pad and the head engagement device, a low friction interface can be provided without providing additional components and/or surface treatments.

In other configurations, one or both of the surfaces of the head support pad 20 and the head engagement device 40 may have a separate slip-promoting member where they contact, such as a piece of low-friction material or a coating of another material, which may be part of another polymer or fabric material or felt having a low coefficient of friction, or may have a lubricant applied thereto.

Possible low friction materials include wax polymers such as PC, TPU, nylon (e.g., brushed nylon), PTFE, ABS, PVC, PFA, EEP, PE and UHMWPE, Teflon™. Alternatively, the low friction layer may be formed of a woven or non-woven fabric. The low friction material may have a thickness of about 0.1 mm to 5 mm, but other thicknesses may also be used, depending on the material selected and the desired performance.

If low friction material layers are provided on two opposing surfaces, i.e., the surface of the head support pad 20 and the surface of the head engaging device, these materials may be formed of the same material or different materials. In one example, a polymer material, such as PC, may be provided to the surface facing the head support pad 20, and a fabric material may be provided to the surface of the head support pad 20.

In some examples, a sliding interface may be provided between two pieces of striped fabric, the two pieces of striped fabric being arranged so that the rib directions are perpendicular to each other, thereby forming a sliding interface between the two pieces of striped fabric. Preferably, the striped fabric is a convex thread fabric. Preferably, the convex thread fabric has a dark side and a bright side, and the respective bright sides face each other at the sliding interface. The two pieces of fabric may be provided to the head support pad 20 and the rest of the helmet (e.g., an energy absorbing layer 3 or the shell 2), respectively.

Alternatively, or additionally, the lubricating material comprises oil, polymer, microsphere or powder, or a combination thereof can be used at the sliding interface. For example, these can be applied to a surface of the helmet facing the head support pad 20.

In one example, the low friction material or lubricating material may be a material containing polysiloxane. Specifically, the material may include (i) an organic polymer, polysiloxane and a surfactant; (ii) an organic polymer and a copolymer based on polysiloxane and an organic polymer; or (iii) a non-elastic cross-linked polymer obtained or obtainable by cross-linking polysiloxane and an organic polymer. Preferred options for such materials are described in WO2017148958.

In one example, the low friction material or lubricating material may include a mixture of (i) an olefin polymer, (ii) a lubricant, and optionally one or more other agents. Preferred options for such materials are described in WO2020115063.

In one example, the low friction material or lubricating material may include an ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polymer having a density of ≤960 kg/m ³ , wherein the UHMW polymer is preferably an olefin polymer. Preferred options for such materials are described in WO2020115063.

In one example, the low friction material or lubricating material may include polyketone.

In some configurations, it may be desirable to configure the sliding interface so that the static and/or dynamic coefficient of friction between the materials forming the sliding surface at the sliding interface is between 0.001 and 0.3 and/or less than 0.15. The coefficient of friction may be tested by standard methods, such as standard test method ASTM D1894.

In some examples, the sliding interface may be provided by a shear layer rather than a low friction material layer. In these examples, the low friction material layer described above may be replaced by a shear material or structure. Such materials typically include two layers that can shear against each other to allow relative sliding between the layers of the helmet.

The head engaging device 40 may be connected to the helmet 1 in any suitable manner that allows the head engaging device 40 to move relative to the head support pad 20. For example, the head engaging device 40 may be connected to the shell 2, for example, by connectors that allow the head engaging device 40 to move relative to the shell 2. Such connectors may include elastic components that can be stretched when it is desired for the head engaging device 40 to move relative to the shell 2.

In a configuration as depicted in FIG. 5 , the head engagement device 40 may be connected to the head support pad, such as to one or more straps 20 that are part of the head support pad.

When the head engagement device 40 is connected to the head support pad, a connector 45 can be used to allow some movement of the head engagement device 40 relative to the portion of the head support pad to which it is connected.

In one configuration, a connector 45 may have first and second ends 46, 47 connected to the head engagement device 40 at respective first and second locations on the head engagement device 40 and positioned so that a strap 20 of the head support pad is located between the connector 45 and the head engagement device 40 in an area between the first and second locations on the head engagement device 40. In such a configuration, the strap 20 may be loosely secured to any portion of the connector 45 such that the strap may slide longitudinally thereof and/or laterally relative to the connector 45. However, the head engagement device 40 is restricted from being completely removed from the strap 20.

In such an arrangement, the connector 45 may be formed of, or covered with, a material that provides a sufficiently low coefficient of friction between the connector 45 and the strap 20 so that movement of the head engaging means relative to the head support pad is not significantly reduced and therefore does not significantly impede the function of the helmet 1. Alternatively or additionally, the connector 45 may be formed of a resilient material so that a portion of the connector 45 does not slide relative to the strap 20, and the strap may move relative to the first and second portions 46, 47 of the connector 45 coupled to the head engaging means 40, such as by stretching the connector, allowing the head engaging means to make the desired movement relative to the head support pad.

In a configuration as depicted in FIG. 5 , the connector 45 may be formed from an elongated portion of material. For example, the connector 45 may be formed from a portion of material in the shape of a rope, a strap, or a tape. For example, the cross-section of this material is typically circular or rectangular. The connector may be formed from an elastic material, which, as described above, may facilitate the function of the connector and/or may facilitate assembly of the helmet 1 in the event that the helmet 1 is struck. In one configuration, the connector 45 may be formed from an elastic material coated with a fabric layer. The connector 45 may alternatively or additionally be formed from silicone, rubber, or another elastic plastic material.

A connector such as the one not used above can be connected to the head engagement device 40 at the first and second positions by any suitable method, including, for example, adhesives or mechanical methods (e.g., a snap connection). Alternatively, the two ends of the elongated material can be tied to each other and/or at least one end can be tied to a portion of the helmet 1 to secure it.

In one configuration, as schematically depicted in Figures 6 to 8, the length of material 50 used to form the connector 45 can be terminated with a component, such as a relatively short rod 51. The rod 51 is connected to the slender material 50 so that the length of the rod 51 is at an angle, preferably perpendicular, to the slender length of the material. As shown in Figure 7, during assembly, the rod 51 can be inserted in a longitudinal direction through a hole 41 in the head engagement device 40. However, as shown in Figure 8, the rod 51 then naturally orients itself against the surface of the head engagement device 40 so that the rod 51 cannot be returned through the hole. It should be understood that in such a configuration, the hole 41 in the head engagement device 40 can be configured to be larger than the cross-section of the rod 51, but smaller than the length of the rod 51.

In a configuration such as that depicted in FIG. 5 , strap 20 is connected to head engagement device 40 such that strap 20 is located on the opposite side of head engagement device 40 from the head of a wearer of the helmet. Thus, connector 45 is also primarily located on the opposite side of head engagement device 40 from the head of a wearer of the helmet. In a connector configuration as discussed above and depicted in FIGS. 6-8 , connector 45 may be configured such that the length of material forming connector 45 extends from the side contacted by strap 20 across a hole 41 in head engagement device 40, resulting in rod 51 being positioned on the surface of head engagement device 40 facing the head of a wearer of the helmet.

If this is undesirable, for example if it affects the comfort of the helmet wearer, or if it is desirable to conceal the rod 51 for aesthetic reasons or to reduce the risk of damage to the connector 45 and/or the risk of tampering, a second hole 41 may be provided in the head engaging means 40 at each location for securing the connector. In such an arrangement, a length of material may be passed from the area where the connector engages the strap through one hole, through a portion of the head engaging means 40 between the two holes 41, and then through the second hole. In such an arrangement, the rod 51 and the strap 20 are retained on the same side of the head engaging means 40, i.e. on opposite sides of the head engaging means 40 that form the wearer's head.

In one configuration, each connector 45 may be formed from its own separate portion of elongated material. Alternatively, one or more connectors 45 may be formed from portions of a single elongated material. For example, a plurality of connectors 45 may be formed in a manner corresponding to the above, but instead of a connector 45 connecting a rod 51 at a location of the head engagement device 40, the elongated material may extend to another connector 45. In one configuration, all connectors 45 used to connect a head engagement device 40 to a head support pad may be formed from a single length of elongated material.

As shown in FIG5 , in a configuration where the head support pad is included in a strap 20 extending across the head of a wearer of the helmet between two connection points on the shell 2, a pair of connectors 45 may be provided for each strap 20 on the opposite side of the head engagement device 40. Similarly, at least one connector 45, optionally a pair of connectors 45, may be provided for each strap 20. However, this is not required. For example, as shown in FIG9 , fewer connections may be provided between the head engagement device 40 and the head support pad (such as the strap 20). For example, in the configuration depicted in FIG9 , the connector 45 may only be provided at the rear of the helmet 1.

Figure 10 depicts an alternative arrangement for connecting the head engaging device 40. As shown, the head engaging device 40 may include an aperture 60 through which a strap 20 as part of a head support pad may pass.

As discussed above, other configurations for connecting the head engagement device 40 may alternatively or additionally be used. For example, a resiliently deformable connector may be provided between the head support pad and the head engagement device 40 such that a first portion of the connector is secured to a portion of the head support pad (e.g., a strap 20) and a second portion of the connector is secured to a portion of the head engagement device 40. Movement of the head engagement device relative to the head support pad may be accomplished by stretching and/or other deformation of the connector. Such a connector may be secured to one or both of the facing surfaces of the head support pad and the head engagement device. The connector may be secured to one or both of the head support pad and the head engagement device by any suitable method, including, for example, by hook and loop material and/or adhesive.

As in the configurations depicted in Figures 5, 9 and 10, the head engaging device 40 may be provided as a single component, such as a single layer of material. However, this is not the case. For example, the head engaging device may be formed from a plurality of separate parts. The separate parts may remain separate and, for example, be individually connected to the head support pad and/or other parts of the helmet 1. Alternatively, two or more parts may be connected during assembly of the helmet. In one configuration, a separate part of the head engaging device may be connected to each or a subset of the straps 20 that form the head support pad or part thereof.

In one configuration, the head engaging device or one or more parts thereof may be formed by injection molding or vacuum forming. Thus, it may be formed to have a shape that conforms to the shape of the head of a wearer of the helmet.

In a configuration of a helmet 1 such as that depicted in FIG. 5 , the head support pad may include a headband 30 that engages at least the forehead of a wearer of the helmet and may substantially surround the wearer's head. The headband 30 may be oriented to extend around a craniocaudal axis. It will be appreciated that such a headband 30 may be connected to the helmet 1 separately from the remainder of the head support pad (such as the strap 20). Alternatively, the headband 30 may be connected to the helmet 1 via the strap 20. As another alternative, the strap 20 may be connected to the remainder of the helmet 1 via the headband 30.

In a configuration where the helmet 1 includes a headband 30, the head engaging means 40 may include: a crown region 43 configured to be located between the top of the helmet wearer's head and a head support pad, such as strap 20; and a front region 44 configured to be located adjacent to the headband 30, at least in the forehead region of the helmet wearer. The head engaging means front region 44 may be configured to slide relative to the adjacent headband portion in the same manner as other portions of the head engaging means 40 are configured to move relative to other portions of the head support pad, such as strap 20, when used.

The front region 44 of the head engaging device can be connected to the headband and/or the shell 2, for example, by a connector configured to allow one component to move relative to the other component, so that the front region 44 of the head engaging device 40 can move relative to the headband 30. Alternatively or additionally, the front region 44 of the head engaging device 40 can be connected to the helmet 1 via a middle region 48 of the head engaging device 40. In particular, the middle region 48 of the head engaging device 40 can connect the front region 44 to the crown region 43. In one configuration, the crown region 43, the middle region 48 and the front region 44 of the head engaging device can be integrally formed from a single sheet of material.

The middle region 48 of the head engagement device can be configured so that it can perform an additional function in addition to connecting the crown region 43 to the front region 44. In particular, in the event of an impact to the front of the helmet 1, the middle region 48 can assist in preventing the forehead of a wearer of the helmet from contacting the front region 44 of the shell 2. For example, this can reduce the tendency of the front of the wearer's head to pass between the two straps 20, such as in a configuration depicted in FIG.

It should be understood that such a configuration is not necessary. The straps 20 used to form a head support pad can be positioned to avoid this potential problem in any case. For example, using a sufficient number of straps 20 and/or straps of sufficient width can avoid or minimize the problem. Alternatively or additionally, a strap 20 extending from the front of the helmet can be provided.

In one configuration, as depicted in Figure 11, while the crown region 43 of the head engaging device 40 is disposed on the side of the head support pad, such as the strap 20 facing the head of the wearer of the helmet 1, the front region 44 may be disposed on the opposite side of the headband 30. Thus, such a configuration may be configured so that the headband 30 is positioned between the forehead of the wearer of the helmet and the front region 44 of the head engaging device.

Such a configuration may be beneficial if the headband 30 is relatively soft and/or flexible at least in the forehead region. In such a configuration, the low friction interface between the front region 44 of the head engaging device 40 and the portion of the headband 30 near the wearer's forehead will enable the headband 30 to move, and therefore the wearer's forehead to move relative to the front region of the housing 2. As shown, the front region 44 of the head engaging device 40 may be connected to the headband 30 by connectors 49. These connectors may be similar to those discussed above or another suitable form of connector that allows relative movement between the connected components.

As shown in Figures 12 and 13, one or more pads 66, 67 may be provided to the helmet 1. For example, in a helmet of any of the above-discussed configurations that includes a front region 44 of the head engaging device 40, a front pad 66 may be positioned near the forehead of the helmet wearer. Depending on the configuration of the helmet 1, the front pad 66 may be connected to one or more of the headband 30, the front region 44 of the head engaging device 40, and the shell 2.

For example, in a configuration where the front region 44 of the head engaging device 40 is disposed between the headband 30 and the forehead of the wearer of the helmet, the front pad 66 may be directly connected to the front region 44 of the head engaging device 40. In such a configuration, the front region 44 of the head engaging device 40 may include a protrusion or hook 68 that may engage with the front pad 66. Alternatively or additionally, the front pad 66 may be connected to the headband 30 by an elastic connector 69 that engages with a hook or protrusion 70 formed on the headband 30. In such a configuration, the elastic connector 69 is configured to be able to stretch sufficiently so that the front pad 66 can move relative to the headband 30.

In a configuration such as that depicted in Figure 11, where a portion of the headband 30 is disposed between the forehead of the helmet wearer and the front region 48 of the head engaging device 40, the front pad 66 may be directly connected to the headband 30. Alternatively or additionally, it may be connected to the housing 2 and/or the front region 44 of the head engaging device 40 by a flexible connector.

In one configuration, one or more pads 67 may be provided on other portions of the head engaging device 40, such as on a crown region 43 of the head engaging device 40. Such pads 67 may be used to improve the comfort of the helmet wearer and/or to separate the head engaging device 40 from the wearer's head to promote ventilation. As shown in FIG. 12 , the pads 67 may be positioned so that they do not overlap with the location where the connector 45 is provided, for example, to connect the head engaging device 40 to a head support pad. Alternatively or additionally, one or more pads 67 may be positioned to cover the connector 45.

As shown in Figure 12, one or more holes 43 may be provided in the head engaging means 40. These holes may promote ventilation between the wearer's head and the gap 21 between the head support pad 20 and the outer shell 2.

As discussed above, the head engagement device 40 may also include one or more holes 41 for engaging with a connector. It will be appreciated that the head engagement device 40 may therefore have holes that may be used to provide ventilation or engage with a connector. Alternatively, different holes may be provided for specific functions.

It should also be understood that, where a hole 41 is provided for engagement with a connector, a head engagement device 40 may provide a hole 41 in a position required for engagement with the connector to fit the head engagement device 40 into a specific design of helmet. Alternatively, the head engagement device 40 may be provided with a plurality of holes 41 positioned so that the engagement device 40 can be mounted in any of a plurality of helmet designs and/or helmet sizes.

In any of the headgear configurations discussed above, where the head support pad includes a plurality of straps 20 and a headband 30 that at least partially surrounds a wearer's head of the helmet, a head engagement device bracket 80 can be provided that can enhance the performance of the helmet. Specifically, the head engagement device bracket 80 can be configured to reduce the tendency of the head engagement device 40 to pass through gaps between adjacent straps 20 and/or headbands 30 of the head support pad during an impact and into the air gap 21 between the head support pad and the housing. When this occurs, it can undesirably reduce the ability of the head engagement device 40 to rotate relative to the head support pad.

As explained in further detail below, the head engaging device bracket 80 can be provided as a separate component from the head support pad. Thus, the helmet can be configured so that the load from a radial impact is primarily or entirely supported by the head support pad, wherein the head engaging device bracket 80 is primarily provided to improve performance under an oblique impact. For example, the head engaging device bracket 80 can be added to an existing helmet design that already has satisfactory performance for radial impacts provided by its head support pad. However, it should be understood that in some configurations, the head engaging device bracket 80 can be configured to contribute to the radial impact performance of the helmet.

In one configuration, the head attachment bracket 80 can be connected to at least one strap 20 of the head support pad. Specifically, as shown in Figures 14 and 15, the head attachment bracket 80 can include a crown 81 connected to at least one strap 20 at a position corresponding to the top of the helmet wearer's head. The head attachment bracket 80 further includes at least one limb portion 82 extending from the crown 81 to the headband 30 and connected to the headband.

The limb portion 82 may be connected to the headband 30 at a location between the two straps 20 of the head support pad, for example, as shown in Figure 15. Thus, the limb portion 82 of the head engagement device bracket 80 may be used to support the head engagement device (not shown in Figure 15 for clarity), i.e., to inhibit the movement of the head engagement device 40 through the gap between the straps 20. This prevents the movement of the head engagement device 40 from being restricted, even if the head engagement device 40 is able to rotate relative to the head support pad.

In a configuration as depicted in FIGS. 14 and 15 , the head engaging device bracket 80 may have two limbs 82. When mounted in a helmet 1, the two limbs 82 of the head engaging device bracket 80 may be connected to the headband 30 at locations corresponding to respective sides of the helmet wearer's head. This configuration may improve the performance of the helmet against oblique impacts to the side of the helmet.

In another configuration depicted in Figures 16 and 17, the head engaging device bracket 80 includes three limbs 82 that, when mounted in a helmet, are connected to the headband 30 at respective locations corresponding to the sides and front of a wearer's head of the helmet. In a variation of this configuration, the head engaging device bracket 80 can be mounted so that the three limbs 82 are connected to respective locations on the headband 30 on the sides and back of a wearer's head of the helmet.

In another variation, as depicted in FIG18 , the head engaging device bracket 80 may have four limbs 82 that are configured to connect to the headband 30 at respective locations corresponding to the sides, front, and back of a wearer's head of the helmet. In general, it should be understood that the head engaging device bracket 80 may have any number of limbs that connect to respective locations on the headband 30.

The crown 81 of the head engaging bracket 80 can be connected to one or more straps at a position corresponding to the top of a wearer's head of the helmet by any convenient means. In the configurations depicted in Figures 14 to 17, for example, the crown 81 includes at least one slot 85 through which the strap 20 can be passed so that the head engaging device bracket 80 is connected to the strap 20. In the configurations depicted in Figures 14 to 17, the slots 85 in the crown 81 of the head engaging device bracket 80 can be provided in pairs. With such a configuration, the strap 20 can be passed from a first side of the head engaging device bracket 80 through a first slot 85 in a pair to the opposite side of the head engaging device bracket 80, and then returned through a second slot 85 of the pair to the first side of the head engaging device bracket 80, providing a secure connection.

Figures 19 and 20 depict an alternative configuration for connecting the crown 81 of the head engagement device support 80 to the strap 20 of the head support pad. Specifically, as shown in the figures, the crown 81 of the head engagement device support 80 includes an extension 87 that can be folded around at least one strap 20 and connected back to the remainder of the crown 81. In the example depicted in Figures 19 and 20, the extension 87 of the crown 81 has a shape that matches the shape of the crown 81. However, it will be understood that this is not necessary. The extension 87 of the crown 81 can be connected to the crown 81 by one or more suitable connectors 88. For example, the connector 88 can be formed of a hook and loop material, a snap connector and/or an adhesive.

The limb portion 82 of the head engagement device support 80 can be connected to the headband 30 by any suitable means. In one configuration, as depicted in FIG. 21 , an end 90 of the limb portion 82 can extend around a portion of the headband 30 and connect to itself. The connection of the end 90 of the limb portion 82 to itself can be implemented by providing a connector 91. The connector 91 can be of any suitable form, including, for example, hook and loop material, a snap connector and/or adhesive.

Alternatively or additionally, the body portion 82 of the head engagement device bracket 80 may be directly connected to the headband by, for example, a snap connection and/or adhesive.

In a configuration of a helmet having a head engaging device bracket 80, the head engaging device 40 may be connected to the head engaging device bracket 80, either as the only way the head engaging device 40 is connected to the helmet, or in addition to another connection configuration. Any connector between the head engaging device 40 and the head engaging device bracket 80 may be configured so that the head engaging device 40 can move relative to the head engaging device bracket 80, so that under an impact to the helmet, the head engaging device 40 can slide relative to the head engaging device bracket 80 and the head support pad.

As shown in FIG. 22 , in one configuration, a connector 95 for connecting the head engaging device 40 to the head engaging device bracket 80 may be provided on the crown 81 of the head engaging device bracket 80 .

Figure 23 depicts an alternative configuration in which a plurality of connectors 95 between the head attachment device 40 and the head attachment device support 80 are additionally provided at the end of the limb portion 82 at respective locations where the limb portion 82 is connected to the headband 30.

It should be understood that other configurations of connectors are possible. For example, connectors 95 may be provided only at the ends of limb portions 82, with no connector at crown 81. Alternatively or additionally, connectors may be provided on some limb portions 82 and not others. Alternatively or additionally, connectors 95 provided on limb portions 82 may be provided at locations other than the ends of the limb portions where the limb portions 82 connect to headband 30.

As shown in Figure 24, once the head interface device 40 is installed in the helmet 1, for example connected to the head interface device bracket 80, it can substantially cover the head interface device bracket 80 and hide the connector 95. In other configurations, at least a portion of the head interface device bracket 80 can be seen.

In one configuration, a connector 95 for connecting the head engaging device 40 to the head engaging device bracket 80 may be formed of a resiliently deformable material so that the head engaging device 40 can move relative to the head engaging device bracket 80 while remaining connected.

For example, in a configuration as depicted in FIG. 27 , the connector 95 may be formed from a sheet of resiliently deformable material 96 configured such that an inner region 97 of the sheet of resiliently deformable material is connected to one of the head engaging device support 80 and the head engaging device 40, and a peripheral region 98 of the sheet of resiliently deformable material is connected to the other of the head engaging device support 80 and the head engaging device 40. Deformation of the sheet of resiliently deformable material enables the inner region to move relative to the peripheral region, thereby enabling the head engaging device support 40 to move relative to the head engaging device support 80. It should be appreciated that other forms of connectors that are movable between the head engaging device 40 and the head engaging device support 80 may be used.

To ensure that the head engagement device 40 can move relative to the head engagement device support 80 under an impact, a low friction interface can be provided between the head engagement device 40 and the head engagement device support 80 in a manner similar to the above-described manner between the head engagement device 40 and the head support pad.

In one configuration, at least the outer surface of the head engaging device support 80 may be formed of a fabric or felt, which is selected to allow the head engaging device 40 to slide against it. Figure 25 schematically depicts a head engaging device support 80 in cross section. As shown in the figure, it may have a laminated structure including a foam layer 102 between two layers of fabric or felt 101. The layers may be connected by adhesive or heat welding. The foam layer 102 may be provided to increase the rigidity of the head engaging device support 80. Therefore, the material of the foam layer 102 may be selected to be harder than the fabric layer or felt layer 101. In one example, the fabric layer or felt layer 101 may be formed of brushed nylon. In one example, the foam layer 102 may be formed of polyethylene (PE) foam and/or polyurethane (PU) foam, in which case the properties of the foam, such as density, may be selected to provide a desired stiffness.

In one configuration, instead of a foam layer, the head engaging device bracket 80 may include a plastic plate 103 between two layers of fabric or felt 101. The plastic plate 103 within the head engaging device bracket 80 may be formed from any of the materials discussed above as being suitable for forming the head engaging device 40. However, it should be understood that in a particular helmet, different materials and/or different thicknesses of material may be used for the head engaging device 40 and the plate 103 within the head engaging device bracket 80. As depicted in FIG. 26 , in such a configuration, the reinforcing plate 103 disposed within the head engaging device bracket 80 may correspond to only a portion of the shape of the head engaging device bracket 80, such as a central area.

The purpose of helmet layers or a helmet assembly (such as those discussed above, including head support pads and head engagement devices) that move or slide relative to each other can redirect the energy of an impact that would otherwise be transmitted to the wearer's head. This can increase the wearer's protection against the tangential component of the impact energy. The tangential component of the impact energy typically results in a rotational acceleration of the wearer's head. It is well known that this rotation can cause brain damage. It has been shown that helmets with layers or assemblies that move relative to each other can reduce the rotational acceleration of the wearer's head. A typical reduction can be about 25%, but in some cases the reduction can be as high as 90%.

Preferably, the relative movement between the helmet layers results in a total offset between an outermost helmet layer and an innermost helmet layer of at least 0.5 cm, more preferably at least 1 cm, and more preferably still at least 1.5 cm. Preferably, the relative movement can occur in any direction, such as in a circumferential direction around the helmet, from left to right, from front to back, and any direction in between.

Regardless of how the layers or components of a helmet are configured to move relative to one another, it is preferred that the layers or components be able to move relative to one another, such as to slide, under a typical impact force for which the helmet is designed (e.g., an impact that the wearer is expected to withstand). Such forces are significantly higher than what a helmet may be subjected to during normal use. Impact forces tend to compress the layers of the helmet together, increasing the reaction forces between the components and, therefore, increasing friction. In the case of a helmet configured to have layers that slide relative to one another, then the interface therebetween may need to be configured to enable sliding even under the influence of the high reaction forces experienced therebetween under an impact.

The helmets described above can be used in a variety of activities. Such activities include combat and industrial uses, such as protective helmets for soldiers and hard hats or helmets for construction workers, miners, or industrial machinery operators. Helmets are also common in sporting activities. For example, protective helmets can be used for ice hockey, cycling, motorcycles, racing, skiing, snowboarding, skateboarding, skating, skateboarding, equestrian activities, American football, baseball, rugby, soccer, cricket, hockey, rock climbing, golf, air guns, roller derby, and paintballing.

Examples of injuries that may be prevented or mitigated by the helmets described above include mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), such as concussion, and severe traumatic brain injury (STBI), such as subdural hematoma (SDH), bleeding due to ruptured blood vessels, and diffuse axonal injury (DAI), which can be summarized as excessive stretching of nerve fibers due to high shear deformation in brain tissue.

Depending on the characteristics of the rotational component of an impact, such as duration, amplitude, and rate of increase, a concussion, SDH, DAI, or a combination of these injuries may be sustained. In general, SDH occurs with short-duration, high-amplitude accelerations, while DAI occurs with longer and more extensive acceleration loads.

Based on the above teachings, variations of the above described examples are possible. It should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in other ways and specifically described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

1: Helmet 2: Shell 3: Energy absorbing layer 3A: Component 3B: Component 5: Connector 7: Outer plate 20: Strap 21: Air gap 25: Connector 30: Headband 40: Head attachment device 41: Hole 43: Crown area 44: Front area 45: Connector 46: First end 47: Second end 48: Middle area 49: Connector 50: Slender material 51: Rod 60: Hole 66: Pad 67: Pad 68: Tab/hook 69: Flexible connector 70: Hook/tab 80: Head attachment device bracket 81: Crown 82: limb part 85: slot 87: extension piece 88: connector 90: end 91: connector 95: connector 96: elastic deformable material sheet 97: inner area 98: outer area 101: fabric layer/felt layer 102: foam layer 103: plastic board/reinforcement board

The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG1 schematically shows a cross section through a first example helmet;

FIG2 schematically shows a cross section through a second example helmet;

FIG3 schematically shows a cross section through a third example helmet;

FIG4 schematically shows a cross section through a fourth example helmet;

FIG5 depicts the interior of an example of a helmet according to the configuration depicted in FIG1 ;

Figures 6, 7 and 8 depict a connector for use in a helmet in the configuration depicted in Figure 5;

FIG. 9 depicts the interior of another example of a helmet;

FIG. 10 depicts the interior of another example of a helmet;

FIG. 11 depicts the interior of another example of a helmet;

FIG. 12 depicts the interior of another example of a helmet;

FIG13 depicts the helmet of FIG12 from the side;

FIG. 14 depicts a head engagement device bracket for use in a helmet;

FIG. 15 depicts a helmet incorporated into the head engagement device bracket of FIG. 14 ;

FIG. 16 depicts an alternative head engagement device bracket;

FIG. 17 depicts a helmet incorporated into the head engagement device bracket of FIG. 16 ;

FIG. 18 depicts an alternative configuration of a head engagement device support;

19 and 20 depict a configuration for connecting a head engagement device bracket to a strap within a helmet;

FIG. 21 depicts a configuration for connecting a head attachment device bracket to a headband of a helmet;

22 and 23 depict example locations of connectors for connecting a head engagement device to a head engagement device bracket;

FIG. 24 depicts the interior of an example of a helmet incorporating a head engagement device bracket;

FIG25 depicts a cross-sectional view of the structure of a head joint device support;

FIG. 26 depicts an alternative configuration of a head engagement device support; and

Figure 27 depicts an example of a connector.

2: Shell

20: Belt

25: Connector

30:Headband

80: Head joint device bracket

81: Crown

82: Body parts

Claims (25)

A helmet comprising: an outer shell; a head support pad configured to be mounted on the top of a wearer's head of the helmet; wherein the head support pad is suspended within the outer shell so that an air gap is provided between the head support pad and the outer shell when in use; the head support pad includes a plurality of straps configured to extend across the top of a wearer's head of the helmet, and a headband at least partially surrounding the wearer's head of the helmet, which surrounds the head-end axis. The headgear further comprises: a head engaging device disposed on a surface of the head support pad and configured to face the head of a wearer of the headgear so that the head engaging device can move relative to the head support pad; and a head engaging device bracket configured to prevent the head engaging device from moving through the gaps between the straps and/or headbands of the head support pad and entering the air gap between the head support pad and the shell. A helmet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the head engaging device bracket includes a crown portion connected to at least one of the straps at a position corresponding to the top of a head of a wearer of the helmet, and at least one limb portion extending from the crown portion to the headband and connected to the headband. A helmet as claimed in claim 2, wherein the head engaging device support comprises at least two limbs, each limb extending from the crown to a position on the headband corresponding to a respective side of a head of a wearer of the helmet. A helmet as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the head engaging device support comprises at least one limb portion extending from the crown to a position on the headband corresponding to the front of a head of a wearer of the helmet, and/or at least one limb portion extending from the crown to a position on the headband corresponding to the back of a head of a wearer of the helmet. A helmet as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the crown of the head engaging device bracket includes at least one slot; and the head engaging device bracket is connected to the head supporting pad by at least one strap of the head supporting pad passing through at least one slot in the crown. A helmet as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the crown of the head engaging device support is connected to the head support pad by extending around at least one strap and connected to an extension of the crown of the head engaging device support itself. A helmet as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein at least one limb of the head engaging device support is connected to the headband by extending around a portion of the headband and connecting to an end of the limb itself. A helmet as claimed in claim 2, comprising at least one connector configured to connect the head engaging device to the head engaging device support while allowing the head engaging device to move relative to the head engaging device support. A helmet as claimed in claim 8, wherein at least one connector is provided on the crown of the head engaging device bracket. A helmet as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein at least one connector is provided on one of the limbs of the head coupling device support. A helmet as claimed in claim 10, wherein at least one connector on a limb of the head engaging device support is disposed at a position where the limb is connected to the headband. A helmet as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein the connector comprises an elastic deformable material sheet; and the elastic deformable material sheet is connected to one of the head joint device bracket and the head joint device at an inner region of the elastic deformable material sheet, and is connected to the other of the head joint device bracket and the head joint device at a peripheral region of the elastic deformable material sheet. A helmet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and 9, wherein the head engaging device support comprises at least one outer surface formed of a fabric or felt. A helmet as claimed in claim 13, wherein the head engaging device support is formed of a material comprising a foam layer laminated between two layers of fabric or felt; and wherein the foam layer is harder than the fabric layers or felt layers. A helmet as claimed in claim 13, wherein the head engaging device bracket is made of two layers of fabric or felt, with a plastic plate inserted therebetween having a shape corresponding to at least a portion of the head engaging device bracket. A helmet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and 9, wherein a low friction interface is provided between the head engagement device and at least one of the head support pad and the head engagement device bracket. A helmet as claimed in claim 16, wherein the low friction interface is provided by a low coefficient of friction between the surfaces of the head engagement device and the head support pad and/or the head engagement device bracket. A helmet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and 9, wherein the head engagement device is connected to the head support pad. A helmet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and 9, wherein the head support pad comprises a plurality of straps extending between a pair of opposite connection points on the shell. A helmet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and 9, wherein the head engaging device is provided as a single component. A helmet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and 9, wherein the head engaging device is composed of a plurality of independent parts. A helmet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and 9, wherein the head engaging means comprises a crown region configured to be located between the top of a head of a wearer of the helmet and the head support pad, and a front region configured to be located adjacent the headband. A helmet as claimed in claim 22, wherein the head engaging means further comprises connecting the crown region to a middle region of the front region. A helmet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and 9, wherein the head engaging means comprises a sheet of material which is optionally shaped to conform to the head of a wearer of the helmet. A helmet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and 9, wherein, when the helmet is not subjected to an impact, the distance between the outer shell and the head support pad provided by the air gap at a position corresponding to the top of a wearer's head is at least 10 mm, optionally at least 15 mm, optionally at least 20 mm, optionally at least 30 mm, optionally at least 40 mm.