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TWI844653B - 氮化矽粉末及其製造方法、以及氮化矽燒結體之製造方法 - Google Patents

氮化矽粉末及其製造方法、以及氮化矽燒結體之製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI844653B
TWI844653B TW109110475A TW109110475A TWI844653B TW I844653 B TWI844653 B TW I844653B TW 109110475 A TW109110475 A TW 109110475A TW 109110475 A TW109110475 A TW 109110475A TW I844653 B TWI844653 B TW I844653B
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silicon nitride
nitride powder
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宮下敏行
中村祐三
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日商電化股份有限公司
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Abstract

提供一種氮化矽粉末,其全氟量為100~1000質量ppm,且Fe、Al及Ca的合計量為100~1000質量ppm。提供一種氮化矽粉末之製造方法,具有下列步驟:將含有矽粉末與氟化物且氟化物相對於矽粉末之含量為0.1~2質量%的原料,在包含氮以及選自於由氫及氨構成之群組中之至少一種之混合氣體環境下予以煅燒而獲得煅燒物的步驟,及將該煅燒物以氟化氫濃度為10~40質量%之氫氟酸予以處理的步驟。

Description

氮化矽粉末及其製造方法、以及氮化矽燒結體之製造方法
本揭示關於氮化矽粉末及其製造方法,以及氮化矽燒結體之製造方法。
因為氮化矽為具有優異的強度、硬度、靭性、耐熱性、耐腐蝕性、耐熱衝擊性等之材料,所以被利用於壓鑄機器及熔解爐等各種產業用零件及汽車零件等。亦有人研究將氮化矽基板作為汽車及工作機械等的電源模組等的絕緣基板的用途。例如專利文獻1中提出將氮化矽基板使用於鋁-陶瓷接合基板。此種用途要求要有高絕緣性及散熱性。
就用於氮化矽基板之製造之氮化矽粉末的合成方法而言,將矽粉末在氫氣或氨氣與氮氣的混合氣體環境下予以氮化的直接氮化法,二氧化矽粉末的還原氮化法,及醯亞胺分解法等係為已知。其中,藉由醯亞胺分解法可製造雜質少的氮化矽粉末(例如參照專利文獻2)。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開2011-077546號公報 [專利文獻2]日本特開2000-302421號公報
[發明所欲解決之課題]
用於基板的氮化矽燒結體中,一般認為氮化矽燒結體中含有的雜質為對熱傳導率造成影響的因子。氮化矽燒結體中的雜質,受用於氮化矽燒結體之製造之氮化矽粉末的雜質所影響。但在雜質中,甚麼成分會對氮化矽燒結體的熱傳導率造成怎樣程度的影響仍未可得知。
雖然醯亞胺法在減少氮化矽粉末的雜質上係有效,但會有製造成本變高的傾向。因此尋求既能容許某個程度的雜質而使製造成本降低,又能形成具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體的氮化矽粉末。
因此,本揭示提供能以低製造成本製造具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體的氮化矽粉末及其製造方法。又,本揭示提供能以低製造成本製造具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體之氮化矽燒結體的製造方法。 [解決課題之手段]
本揭示的其中一態樣之氮化矽粉末,其全氟量為100~1000質量ppm,且Fe、Al及Ca的合計量為100~1000質量ppm。此種氮化矽粉末,因為Fe、Al及Ca之合計的含量落在預定的範圍內,所以可利用一般的製造設備,使用通用等級的原料進行製造。又,因為全氟量亦落在預定的範圍內,可降低使用例如氮化助劑(Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba元素之氟化物)作為原料來製造氮化矽粉末時的煅燒溫度。因為這些原因,所以可降低氮化矽燒結體的製造成本。又,因為全氟量與Fe、Al及Ca的合計量在預定值以下,若作為燒結原料使用的話,能獲得具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體。
上述氮化矽粉末之表面氟量為300質量ppm以上較為理想。存在於表面的氟在製造氮化矽燒結體時有促進燒結的作用。因此,即使煅燒溫度較低也能充分地進行燒結。所以可進一步使製造成本更低、或使強度更高。
上述氮化矽粉末中之表面氟量相對於全氟量的比可為0.5以上。藉此,存在於表面的氟的比例變得比內部還高,可使燒結更進一步地進行。所以可使製造成本更低、或使強度更高。
上述氮化矽粉末中之表面氟量相對於全氟量的比可為0.66以下。藉此,可充分降低使用氮化助劑作為原料來製造氮化矽粉末時的煅燒溫度。藉此,可使製造成本再更低。
本揭示的其中一態樣之氮化矽粉末之製造方法具有下列步驟:將含有矽粉末與氟化物且氟化物的含量相對於矽粉末為0.1~2質量%的原料,在包含氮以及選自於由氫及氨構成之群組中之至少一種之混合氣體環境下予以煅燒而獲得煅燒物的步驟,及將煅燒物以氟化氫濃度為10~40質量%之氫氟酸予以處理的步驟。
此製造方法能以比醯亞胺法更低的製造成本製造氮化矽粉末。又,因為使用氟化物的含量落在預定的範圍內的原料,所以可降低使用例如氮化助劑作為原料來製造氮化矽粉末時的煅燒溫度,可使製造成本降低。又,因為以氟化氫濃度為10~40質量%的氫氟酸對煅燒物進行處理,所以表面存在有氟。藉此,作為燒結原料使用的話可促進燒結,能製造具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體。
以上述製造方法製造之氮化矽粉末,其全氟量可為100~1000質量ppm,且Fe、Al及Ca的合計量可為100~1000質量ppm。
本揭示的其中一態樣之氮化矽燒結體之製造方法,具有將包含以上述氮化矽粉末之製造方法製造出之氮化矽粉末之燒結原料予以成形並煅燒的步驟。根據此製造方法,能以低的製造成本製造具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體。 [發明之效果]
根據本揭示,可提供能以低的製造成本製造具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體的氮化矽粉末及其製造方法。又,根據本揭示,可提供能以低的製造成本製造具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體之氮化矽燒結體的製造方法。
以下,對本揭示之一實施形態進行說明。但以下實施形態僅為用於說明本揭示之例示,並不代表本揭示受以下內容所限定。
一實施形態之氮化矽粉末(Si3 N4 粉末)的全氟量為100~1000質量ppm,且Fe、Al及Ca的合計量為100~1000質量ppm。考量將使用例如氮化助劑作為原料來製造氮化矽粉末時的煅燒溫度更進一步地降低而使氮化矽粉末的製造成本更進一步地降低的觀點,氮化矽粉末的全氟量宜為200質量ppm以上,宜為300質量ppm以上,亦可為400質量ppm以上。
將氮化矽粉末作為燒結原料使用時,考量獲得具有充分高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體的觀點,氮化矽粉末的全氟量宜為900質量ppm以下,也可為850質量ppm以下,亦可為800質量ppm以下。藉由使全氟量的上限降低,可使氮化矽燒結體中含有的氟減少,使熱傳導率充分地提高。惟即使氮化矽粉末中含有上述下限值程度的氟,也不會對熱傳導率有重大的影響。
考量更降低氮化矽粉末之製造成本的觀點,氮化矽粉末的Fe、Al及Ca的合計量宜為200質量ppm以上,也可為300質量ppm以上,亦可為400質量ppm以上。此種氮化矽粉末能以低的製造成本進行製造。就此種方法而言,可列舉如使用矽粉末的直接氮化法。就作為原料使用的矽粉末而言,可使用一般的市售品、或可使用以一般的方法合成所得者。
將氮化矽粉末作為燒結原料使用時,考量獲得具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體的觀點,氮化矽粉末的Fe、Al及Ca的合計量可為900質量ppm以下,亦可為800質量ppm以下,亦可為700質量ppm以下。Fe、Al及Ca為氮化矽粉末的原料中通常會含有的雜質,對氮化矽燒結體的特性造成的影響大。因此,藉由將這些雜質的上限降低,可使氮化矽燒結體的熱傳導率充分提高。惟即使氮化矽粉末中含有上述下限值程度的Fe、Al及Ca也不會對熱傳導率有重大的影響。
氮化矽粉末之表面氟量為300質量ppm以上較為理想。藉此,可在製作氮化矽燒結體時促進燒結,使氮化矽燒結體的強度提高。又,亦可降低燒結溫度使製造成本更低。考量同樣的觀點,表面氟量宜為350質量ppm以上,亦可為400質量ppm以上。考量製造的容易性的觀點,此表面氟量的上限可為800質量ppm以下,亦可為700質量ppm以下。表面氟量,可藉由變更對氮化矽粉末進行氫氟酸處理時的條件(氟化氫的濃度等)來進行調整。表面氟,為在氮化矽粉末的表面上鍵結或附著的氟。
考量使製得之氮化矽燒結體的強度充分提高的觀點,表面氟量相對於全氟量的比宜為0.5以上,宜為0.6以上。另一方面,考量使製造成本更低的觀點,表面氟量相對於全氟量的比宜為0.66以下。
考量以高水準兼顧低的製造成本與高的熱傳導率的觀點,氮化矽粉末之內部氟量可為150~800質量ppm,亦可為200~700質量ppm。內部氟,為不在氮化矽粉末的表面露出而存在於粉末的內部中的氟。內部氟量,可藉由變更摻合於氮化矽粉末之原料中含有氟之氮化助劑的比例來進行調整。又,所謂氮化助劑,係指具有促進矽之氮化反應之功能的物質。就此種物質而言,可列舉如Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba元素的氟化物。
氮化矽粉末之全氟量,可藉由使用離子層析儀將燃燒氮化矽粉末後脫離之氟的量予以定量來求得。表面氟量,可藉由將氮化矽粉末分散於水中所成之分散水予以煮沸而將存在於氮化矽粉末表面上的氟萃取至水中,再使用離子層析儀將萃取出的氟予以定量來求得。內部氟量,可從全氟量減去表面氟量來求得。本揭示中所謂全氟量,係指氟之質量相對於氮化矽粉末之整體質量的比例。另一方面,所謂內部氟量,係指內部之氟之質量相對於氮化矽粉末之整體質量的比例。又,所謂表面氟量,係指表面之氟之質量相對於氮化矽粉末之整體質量的比例。因此,成立以下算式。 全氟量(質量ppm)=內部氟量(質量ppm)+表面氟量(質量ppm)
一實施形態之氮化矽粉末之製造方法,具有下列步驟:將矽粉末與氟化物混合,獲得氟化物之含量相對於矽粉末為0.1~2質量%以下的原料後,將該原料在包含氮以及選自於由氫及氨構成之群組中之至少一種之混合氣體環境下予以煅燒而獲得煅燒物的步驟,將煅燒物予以粉碎的粉碎步驟,及將粉碎後之煅燒物以氟化氫濃度為10~40質量%的氫氟酸予以處理的後處理步驟。
與矽粉末混合之氟化物為具有氮化助劑之功能者,可列舉如Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba元素等的氟化物。原料中氟化物的含量相對於矽粉末亦可為0.3~1.8質量%。原料中氟化物的含量相對於矽粉末變得過高的話,會有氮化矽粉末之全氟量及Ca量變高的傾向。可藉由變更矽粉末之純度及氟化物之摻合比例來調整氮化矽粉末之全氟量及Fe、Al、Ca的合計含量。考量順利地進行全氟量及Fe、Al、Ca的合計含量落在上述範圍內之氮化矽粉末的製造之觀點,與氟化物混合之矽粉末的純度宜為例如99.0~99.9質量%。
煅燒步驟中,將包含矽粉末與氟化物之原料在包含氮以及選自於由氫及氨構成之群組中之至少一種之混合氣體環境下予以煅燒而獲得氮化物。混合氣體環境中之氫及氨之含有比例的合計宜為10~40體積%。煅燒溫度宜為例如1100~1450℃,亦可為1200~1400℃。煅燒時間宜為例如30~100小時。
煅燒步驟中獲得之氮化矽為鑄錠狀的時候,進行將煅燒物粉碎的粉碎步驟。粉碎,亦可分成粗粒碎與微粉碎之多階段而分別進行。粉碎,亦可使用例如球磨粉碎機以濕式的方式進行。氮化矽,亦可粉碎直到比表面積成為8.0~15.0m2 /g。
後處理步驟中,將粉碎之煅燒物與氟化氫濃度為10~40質量%的氫氟酸予以摻合進行處理。例如亦可使煅燒物分散於氫氟酸後再處理。氫氟酸之氟化氫濃度宜為15~30質量%。後處理步驟中氫氟酸的溫度為例如40~80℃。又,氮化矽粉末浸漬於氫氟酸的時間為例如1~10小時。
根據這樣的製造方法,可將氮化矽粉末的全氧量、內部氧量、表面氧量及Fe、Al、Ca的合計含量調整為上述範圍內。此製造方法為相當於所謂直接氮化法的方法,能以比醯亞胺法更低的製造成本製造氮化矽粉末。雖然此種氮化矽粉末含有某個程度的雜質,但可理想地作為具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體之燒結原料而使用。
一實施形態之氮化矽燒結體之製造方法,具有將含有上述氮化矽粉末作為主成分之燒結原料予以成形並煅燒的步驟。燒結原料,除了氮化矽粉末之外亦可含有氧化物系燒結助劑。就氧化物系燒結助劑而言可列舉如Y2 O3 MgO及Al2 O3 等。燒結原料中氧化物系燒結助劑的含量宜為例如3~10質量%。此步驟中,存在於氮化矽粉末之表面上的氟與氧化物系燒結助劑進行反應,促進氮化矽的燒結。
上述步驟中,將上述燒結原料以例如3.0~30MPa之成形壓力進行加壓而獲得成形體。亦可藉由單軸加壓製作成形體,亦可藉由CIP來製作。又,亦可一邊藉由熱壓予以成形並一邊進行煅燒。成形體之煅燒宜在氮氣或氬氣等鈍性氣體環境中進行。煅燒時的壓力宜為0.7~1MPa。煅燒溫度宜為1860~2100℃,亦可為1880~2000℃。該煅燒溫度之煅燒時間宜為6~20小時,宜為8~16小時。直至煅燒溫度之昇溫速度宜為例如1.0~10.0℃/小時。
以此方式製造之氮化矽燒結體,除了製造成本低之外,因為具有高的熱傳導率所以具有優異的散熱性。又,藉由讓使用於原料之氮化矽粉末的表面氟量提高,可使氮化矽燒結體亦具有優異的強度。氮化矽燒結體之熱傳導率,可為例如在25℃的環境下為100W/mK以上,亦可為110W/mK以上。氮化矽燒結體之3點彎折強度,可為例如在室溫下為500MPa以上,亦可為600MPa以上。
以上針對幾個實施形態進行了說明,但本揭示並不受上述實施形態之任何限定。 [實施例]
參照實施例及比較例對本揭示之內容進行更詳細地說明,但本揭示並不應受下列實施例所限定。
(實施例1) <氮化矽粉末之製備> 將市售之矽粉末(比表面積:3.0m2 /g)浸漬於混酸中而施加前處理。前處理為將矽粉末置入溫度調整成60℃之上述混酸中並浸漬2小時。就用於前處理之混酸而言,係使用將市售之鹽酸(濃度:35質量%)與氫氟酸(濃度:55質量%)以10:1的質量比予以摻合所成者。之後,從混酸中將矽粉末取出並以水洗淨,在氮氣環境下進行乾燥。
將乾燥後的矽粉末與氟化鈣予以摻合製備原料。此時,將氟化鈣以相對於矽粉末為1.5質量%的比例予以摻合。使用此原料來製作成形體(容積密度:1.4g/cm3 ),使用電爐以1400℃予以煅燒60小時而製得氮化矽鑄錠。煅燒時的氣體環境為氮與氫的混合氣體環境(體積比N2 :H2 =80:20)。將獲得之鑄錠予以粗粒碎之後,以球磨粉碎進行濕式粉碎。
進行將濕式粉碎後獲得之氮化矽粉末浸漬於溫度60℃的氫氟酸(氟化氫濃度:10質量%)中2小時的後處理。之後,從氫氟酸中將氮化矽粉末取出並以水洗淨,在氮氣環境下進行乾燥。以此方式獲得實施例1之氮化矽粉末。
<氮化矽粉末之評價> 氮化矽粉末之全氟量、表面氟量及內部氟量係依以下程序進行測定。使用自動試樣燃燒裝置(三菱化學(股)公司製,裝置名:AQF-2100H型)將氮化矽粉末加熱,並將產生之氣體溶解於水中。使用離子層析儀(賽默飛世爾科技公司製,裝置名:ICS-2100)測定溶解於水中的氟。基於此測定值算出氮化矽粉末的氟濃度(全氟量)。
將氮化矽粉末2.5g投入以180℃煮沸的水25ml中,繼續煮沸2小時將氟萃取至水中。使用離子層析儀(賽默飛世爾科技公司製,裝置名:ICS-2100)測定萃取至水中的氟。基於此測定值算出氮化矽粉末之表面的氟量(表面氟量)。從全氟量減去表面氟量來求得內部氟量。這些結果如表1所示。
使用螢光X光分析裝置(理學(股)公司製,裝置名:ZSX-PrimusII)測定氮化矽粉末之Fe、Al、Ca含量。它們各自的含量及合計含量如表1所示。
<氮化矽燒結體之製備> 將製得之氮化矽粉末90質量份、平均粒徑1.5μm之Y2 O3 粉末5質量份、及平均粒徑1.2μm之Yb2 O3 粉末5質量份予以摻合,在甲醇中進行4小時之濕式混合。之後,將乾燥後獲得之混合粉末以10MPa的壓力進行模具成形,之後再以25MPa的壓力進行CIP成形。將獲得之成形體與由氮化矽粉末及BN粉末的混合粉末構成之填充粉一起設置於碳製坩堝中。將此坩堝在1MPa的氮加壓環境下,以溫度1900℃予以煅燒12小時來製造氮化矽燒結體。
<氮化矽燒結體之評價> 將氮化矽燒結體進行研削加工,製作熱傳導率測定用之10mmφ×3mm的圓盤體。藉由雷射閃光法(依循JIS R1611)測定熱擴散率與比熱容量,再算出燒結體的密度、熱擴散率及比熱容量的積,並將其定義為室溫中的熱傳導率。又,依循JIS R1601:2008來製作強度測定用的試驗片,測定室溫中的3點彎折強度。測定結果係將實施例1之測定值作為基準而以相對值顯示於表2。
(實施例2~4、比較例1~4) 除了如表1所示變更氟化鈣相對於矽粉末的摻合比例,及如表1所示變更用於後處理之氫氟酸的濃度(氟化氫的濃度)以外,係以與實施例1同樣的方式製備氮化矽粉末。以與實施例1同樣的方式求得各實施例及各比較例的全氟量、表面氟量及內部氟量。又,求得表面氟量相對於全氟量的比(表1以「表面/整體」表示)。結果如表1所示。
以與實施例1同樣的方式使用氮化矽粉末製作氮化矽燒結體並進行評價。測定結果係將實施例1之測定值作為基準而以相對值顯示於表2。
[表1]
  原料 後處理 氮化矽粉末
氟化鈣 氟化氫濃度 內部氟量 表面氟量 全氟量 表面/整體 Fe、Al、Ca合計量
質量% 質量% 質量ppm 質量ppm 質量ppm 質量ppm
實施例1 1.5 10 700 200 900 0.22 500
實施例2 0.8 15 450 350 800 0.44 400
實施例3 0.3 30 200 600 800 0.75 500
實施例4 0.4 20 250 450 700 0.64 600
比較例1 1.0 30 500 600 1100 0.55 500
比較例2 1.5 10 700 200 900 0.22 1500
比較例3 1.5 30 700 600 1300 0.46 500
比較例4 0.3 55 200 1000 1200 0.83 500
[表2]
  氮化矽燒結體
熱傳導率 強度
相對值 相對值
實施例1 1.0 0.8
實施例2 1.0 1.0
實施例3 1.2 1.4
實施例4 1.3 1.5
比較例1 0.8 1.0
比較例2 0.6 0.8
比較例3 0.7 0.9
比較例4 0.8 1.6
[產業上可利用性]
依本揭示,可提供能以低的製造成本製造具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體的氮化矽粉末及其製造方法。又,根據本揭示,可提供能以低的製造成本製造具有高的熱傳導率之氮化矽燒結體之氮化矽燒結體的製造方法。

Claims (7)

  1. 一種氮化矽粉末,其全氟量為100~1000質量ppm,且Fe、Al及Ca的合計量為100~1000質量ppm,表面氟量相對於該全氟量的比為0.5以上。
  2. 如請求項1之氮化矽粉末,其中,表面氟量為300質量ppm以上。
  3. 如請求項1或2之氮化矽粉末,其中,表面氟量相對於該全氟量的比為0.6以上。
  4. 如請求項1或2之氮化矽粉末,其中,表面氟量相對於全氟量的比為0.66以下。
  5. 一種氮化矽粉末之製造方法,具有下列步驟:將含有矽粉末與氟化物且氟化物相對於矽粉末之含量為0.1~2質量%的原料,在包含氮以及選自於由氫及氨構成之群組中之至少一種之混合氣體環境下予以煅燒而獲得煅燒物;及將該煅燒物以氟化氫濃度為10~40質量%之氫氟酸予以處理;該氮化矽粉末係全氟量為100~1000質量ppm,且Fe、Al及Ca的合計量為100~1000質量ppm,表面氟量相對於該全氟量的比為0.5以上。
  6. 如請求項5之氮化矽粉末之製造方法,其中,該原料中該氟化物係氟化鈣,且相對於矽粉末之含量為0.1~0.4質量%。
  7. 一種氮化矽燒結體之製造方法,具有將含有請求項5或6製得之氮化矽粉末的燒結原料予以成形並煅燒的步驟。
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