TWI724811B

TWI724811B - Contact portion abnormality monitoring device and circuit breaker using contact portion abnormality monitoring device

Info

Publication number: TWI724811B
Application number: TW109107243A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 原田幸樹; 野村敏光; 瀧川雄介; 近井聖崇
Original assignee: 日商三菱電機股份有限公司
Priority date: 2019-03-13
Filing date: 2020-03-05
Publication date: 2021-04-11
Also published as: TW202033971A; JP7034374B2; CN113614553B; JPWO2020183634A1; WO2020183634A1; CN113614553A

Abstract

This invention provides an abnormality monitoring device for a contact portion that monitors open and closed contact portions for abnormal voltage drops. The contact portion abnormality monitoring device includes a current transformer 3 for detecting a load current flowing in a circuit 1 when an open/close contact 2 for opening and closing the circuit 1 is in a closed state; a load current detection unit 4 which outputs a signal of a load current; a power supply side voltage detection resistor 5 which is connected to the power supply side circuit of the open/close contact; a load-side voltage detection resistor 6 which is connected to the load-side circuit of the open/close contact; an abnormality detecting converter 7 which detects a differential current caused by the current flowing through the power supply side voltage detection resistor and the load-side voltage detection resistor; a voltage drop detection unit 8 which outputs an output signal that becomes a measured value of the voltage drop in the open/close contact according to the differential current; and a waveform comparison unit 10 which calculates the normal value of the voltage drop based on the value of the load current and the initial value of the contact resistance of the open/close contact, calculates the voltage drop difference value according to the normal value of the voltage drop and the measured value of the voltage drop, compares it with the preset alarm level value, and determines whether the contact resistance of the open/close contact has an abnormality and sends an alarm signal when the voltage drop difference value exceeds the alarm level value.

Description

Contact abnormality monitoring device and circuit breaker using the contact abnormality monitoring device

本發明係關於一種監視開閉接點部之異常的接點部異常監視裝置及使用接點部異常監視裝置的電路斷路器。The present invention relates to a contact abnormality monitoring device for monitoring the abnormality of the opening and closing contact and a circuit breaker using the contact abnormality monitoring device.

就電路斷路器的開閉接點部的異常監視而言，已採用一種藉由電壓降法來量測開閉接點部的接觸電阻的方法，該方法係藉由電路中之經由連接至被監視開閉接點部之兩端的絕緣型放大器所檢測之接點部的電壓、與經由變流器所檢測之流通於電路的電流來算出接點部的電阻值，而與電阻的基準值比較來判定異常有無。(例如，專利文獻1) [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]As far as the abnormal monitoring of the opening and closing contacts of a circuit breaker is concerned, a method of measuring the contact resistance of the opening and closing contacts by the voltage drop method has been adopted. This method is connected to the monitored opening and closing by the via in the circuit. The voltage of the contact part detected by the insulation amplifier at both ends of the contact part and the current flowing through the circuit detected by the converter are used to calculate the resistance value of the contact part and compare it with the reference value of the resistance to determine the abnormality With or without. (For example, Patent Document 1) [Prior Technical Document] [Patent Document]

[專利文獻1] 日本實開平1-179281號公報。[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-179281 Gazette.

[發明所欲解決之課題][The problem to be solved by the invention]

然而，在習知方法中，在如電路斷路器般之將接點予以開閉的裝置中，由於直接量測開閉接點部的電壓降，而開閉接點開放後，接點間仍經由連接於接點兩端的電壓量測器而導通，所以無法實質性地確保接點開放時之接點間的絕緣。However, in the conventional method, in the device that opens and closes the contacts like a circuit breaker, since the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts is directly measured, after the opening and closing contacts are opened, the contacts are still connected to each other through The voltage measuring device at both ends of the contact is turned on, so it is impossible to substantially ensure the insulation between the contacts when the contact is open.

本發明係解決上述問題點所研創者，目的在於提供一種以非接觸方式量測開閉接點部的電壓降，而可安全地監視開閉接點部之異常的接點部異常監視裝置及使用接點部異常監視裝置的電路斷路器。 [用以解決課題之手段]The present invention is developed to solve the above-mentioned problems. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a contact abnormality monitoring device that measures the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts in a non-contact manner, and can safely monitor the abnormality of the opening and closing contacts, and the use of the contact The circuit breaker of the point abnormality monitoring device. [Means to solve the problem]

本發明的接點部異常監視裝置係具備：變流器，係當將連接電源與負載之電路予以開閉的開閉接點為閉路狀態時，檢測流通於電路的負載電流；負載電流檢測部，係輸出負載電流的信號；電源側電壓檢測電阻，係與開閉接點之電源側的電路連接；負載側電壓檢測電阻，係與開閉接點之負載側的電路連接；異常檢測用變流器，係檢測由流通於電源側電壓檢測電阻及負載側電壓檢測電阻的電流所產生的差分電流；電壓降檢測部，係根據差分電流而輸出成為開閉接點中之電壓降的實測值的輸出信號；以及波形比較部，係根據負載電流之值、及開閉接點之接觸電阻的初期值來算出電壓降的正常值，且根據電壓降的正常值及電壓降的實測值來算出電壓降差分值，並對電壓降差分值、與預先設定之警報準位值作比較，當電壓降差分值超過警報準位值時，判定開閉接點的接觸電阻有異常，而發出警報信號。本發明的電路斷路器係具備：開閉接點，係設置於連接電源及負載的電路，且將電源及負載之間予以開閉者；變流器，係當開閉接點為閉路狀態時，檢測流通於電路的負載電流；負載電流檢測部，係輸出負載電流的信號；電源側電壓檢測電阻，係與開閉接點之電源側的電路連接；負載側電壓檢測電阻，係與開閉接點之負載側的電路連接；異常檢測用變流器，係檢測由流通於電源側電壓檢測電阻及負載側電壓檢測電阻之電流所發生的差分電流；電壓降檢測部，係根據差分電流而輸出成為開閉接點中之電壓降的實測值的輸出信號；波形比較部，係根據負載電流之值、及開閉接點的接觸電阻之初期值來算出電壓降的正常值，且根據電壓降的正常值及電壓降的實測值算出電壓降差分值，且對電壓降差分值、與預先設定之警報準位值作比較，當電壓降差分值超過警報準位值時，判定開閉接點的接觸電阻有異常，而輸出警報信號；以及跳脫裝置，係可將開閉接點開路者。 [發明的功效]The contact abnormality monitoring device of the present invention is provided with: a converter which detects the load current flowing in the circuit when the opening and closing contact that opens and closes the circuit connecting the power supply and the load is in a closed state; and the load current detection unit is Output signal of load current; power-side voltage detection resistor is connected to the circuit on the power side of the switch contact; load-side voltage detection resistor is connected to the circuit on the load side of the switch contact; a converter for abnormal detection, is Detect the differential current generated by the current flowing through the power-side voltage detection resistor and the load-side voltage detection resistor; the voltage drop detection unit outputs an output signal that becomes the actual measured value of the voltage drop in the open/close contact based on the differential current; and The waveform comparison unit calculates the normal value of the voltage drop based on the value of the load current and the initial value of the contact resistance of the opening and closing contacts, and calculates the differential value of the voltage drop based on the normal value of the voltage drop and the actual measured value of the voltage drop, and The voltage drop differential value is compared with the preset alarm level value. When the voltage drop differential value exceeds the alarm level value, it is determined that the contact resistance of the opening and closing contact is abnormal, and an alarm signal is issued. The circuit breaker of the present invention is provided with: an opening/closing contact, which is provided in the circuit connecting the power supply and the load, and which opens and closes the power supply and the load; the converter, which detects the flow when the opening/closing contact is in a closed state Load current in the circuit; load current detection unit, which outputs the signal of load current; power supply side voltage detection resistor, connected to the circuit on the power supply side of the switching contact; load side voltage detection resistor, connected to the load side of the switching contact Circuit connection for abnormality detection; the converter for abnormality detection detects the differential current generated by the current flowing through the voltage detection resistor on the power supply side and the voltage detection resistor on the load side; the voltage drop detection unit outputs an open/close contact based on the differential current The output signal of the actual measured value of the voltage drop; the waveform comparison part calculates the normal value of the voltage drop based on the value of the load current and the initial value of the contact resistance of the opening and closing contacts, and based on the normal value of the voltage drop and the voltage drop Calculate the voltage drop differential value from the actual measurement value, and compare the voltage drop differential value with the preset alarm level value. When the voltage drop differential value exceeds the alarm level value, it is determined that the contact resistance of the open/close contact is abnormal, and Output alarm signal; and trip device, which can open the open/close contact. [Effect of Invention]

根據本發明的接點部異常監視裝置及使用接點部異常監視裝置的電路斷路器，藉由比較開閉接點的電壓降的實測值與開閉接點的電壓降的正常值，就可監視接點部之異常的有無，該開閉接點的電壓降的實測值係從流通在分別連接於開閉接點之電源側及負載側之線路間的電壓檢測電阻的電流的差分所算出者，該開閉接點的電壓降的正常值係從負載電流及開閉接點的接觸電阻的初期值所算出者。由於能夠以非接觸方式量測開閉接點部的電壓降，所以不會影響開閉接點間的絕緣，可提高電路斷路器的安全性。According to the contact abnormality monitoring device and the circuit breaker using the contact abnormality monitoring device of the present invention, by comparing the measured value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts with the normal value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts, the connection can be monitored. Whether there is an abnormality in the point, the actual measured value of the voltage drop of the switch contact is calculated from the difference of the current flowing through the voltage detection resistor between the power supply side and the load side connected to the switch contact. The normal value of the voltage drop of the contact is calculated from the initial value of the load current and the contact resistance of the open/close contact. Since the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts can be measured in a non-contact manner, the insulation between the opening and closing contacts will not be affected, and the safety of the circuit breaker can be improved.

以下，使用圖式說明本發明之電路斷路器的實施型態。另外，在各圖中，相同符號係顯示相同、或者相當部分者。Hereinafter, the implementation mode of the circuit breaker of the present invention will be explained using drawings. In addition, in each figure, the same symbols indicate the same or equivalent parts.

實施型態1 第1圖係實施型態1之電路斷路器的方塊圖，且顯示在三相四線式電路中檢測接點部異常的構成。Implementation Type 1 Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the circuit breaker of Embodiment 1, and shows a configuration for detecting abnormality of the contact in a three-phase four-wire circuit.

如第1圖所示，實施型態1之電路斷路器係由接點部異常監視裝置、及警報部11、跳脫裝置12所構成；其中該接點部異常監視裝置係具有：設置於電路1的開閉接點2、變流器3、負載電流檢測部4、電源側電壓檢測電阻5、負載側電壓檢測電阻6、異常檢測用變流器7、電壓降檢測部8、警報準位設定部9、及波形比較部10。電路1係連接電源及負載，且具有電路1a、1b、1c、1d。開閉接點2係設置於對電源及負載之間進行開閉的電路1，且具有開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d。變流器3係具有變流器3a、3b、3c、3d，且當開閉接點2處於閉路狀態時輸出與從電源流通至負載之負載電流成比例的輸出信號(電流信號)。負載電流檢測部4係將來自變流器3的輸出信號轉換成負載電流信號(類比信號或數位信號)並予以輸出。電源側電壓檢測電阻5係與開閉接點2電源側連接，且將電源側電壓(由電源側電位V1、V2、V3、V4所構成的電位差)轉換成電源側電壓檢測電流(電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2、i3、i4)；且具有分別對應於電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2、i3的電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c。負載側電壓檢測電阻6係與開閉接點2負載側連接，且將負載側電壓(由負載側電位V5、V6、V7、V8所構成的電位差)轉換成負載側電壓檢測電流(負載側電壓檢測電流i5、i6、i7、i8)；且具有分別對應於負載側電壓檢測電流i5、i6、i7的負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c。異常檢測用變流器7係輸出與由流通於電源側電壓檢測電阻5之電源側電壓檢測電流、及流通於負載側電壓檢測電阻6之負載側電壓檢測電流所產生之差分電流成比例的輸出信號(電壓信號)。異常檢測用變流器7例如可使用零相變流器。電壓降檢測部8係將與來自異常檢測用變流器7之差分電流成比例的輸出信號轉換成差分電壓信號(類比電壓信號或數位電壓信號)，且輸出成為電壓降之實測值的輸出信號。警報準位設定部9係由非揮發性記憶體等之記憶元件所構成，且記憶接觸電阻的初期值、及警報準位值，該接觸電阻的初期值係出貨調整時所預先設定之於開閉接點之正常的閉路狀態的電阻值。在此，所謂警報準位值係指：根據開閉接點之電壓降的正常值、及異常發生時之電壓降的實測值的電壓差的容許範圍。警報準位值係可因應需求而變更，且可輸入至警報準位設定部9。波形比較部10係藉由根據從負載電流檢測部4所輸出之負載電流信號的負載電流值、及記錄於警報準位設定部9之接觸電阻的初期值，來算出於閉路狀態時之電壓降的正常值，且根據從電壓降檢測部8所輸出之差分電壓信號取得開閉接點2之電壓降的實測值，並藉由電壓降的正常值及電壓降的實測值來算出電壓降差分值，且與預先設定之警報準位值作比較，當電壓降差分值超過警報準位值時，判定開閉接點2的接觸電阻脫離初期值，且輸出警報信號。警報部11係當接收從波形比較部10所輸出的警報信號時發出警報。跳脫裝置12係可因應流通電路1的電流來將開閉接點開路。As shown in Figure 1, the circuit breaker of Embodiment 1 is composed of a contact abnormality monitoring device, an alarm 11, and a tripping device 12; wherein the contact abnormality monitoring device has: installed in the circuit 1. Open/close contact 2. Inverter 3. Load current detection section 4. Power supply side voltage detection resistor 5. Load side voltage detection resistor 6. Abnormality detection converter 7. Voltage drop detection section 8. Alarm level setting Section 9, and waveform comparison section 10. The circuit 1 is connected to a power source and a load, and has circuits 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d. The opening and closing contact 2 is provided in the circuit 1 that opens and closes between the power supply and the load, and has opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d. The converter 3 has converters 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, and outputs an output signal (current signal) proportional to the load current flowing from the power supply to the load when the switching contact 2 is in a closed state. The load current detection unit 4 converts the output signal from the converter 3 into a load current signal (analog signal or digital signal) and outputs it. The power supply side voltage detection resistor 5 is connected to the power supply side of the switching contact 2 and converts the power supply side voltage (potential difference formed by the power supply side potentials V1, V2, V3, V4) into the power supply side voltage detection current (power supply side voltage detection Currents i1, i2, i3, i4); and have power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, and 5c corresponding to power-side voltage detection currents i1, i2, and i3, respectively. The load side voltage detection resistor 6 is connected to the load side of the switching contact 2 and converts the load side voltage (potential difference formed by the load side potential V5, V6, V7, V8) into the load side voltage detection current (load side voltage detection Currents i5, i6, i7, i8); and have load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, and 6c corresponding to the load-side voltage detection currents i5, i6, and i7, respectively. The abnormality detection converter 7 outputs an output proportional to the differential current generated by the power-side voltage detection current flowing through the power-side voltage detection resistor 5 and the load-side voltage detection current flowing through the load-side voltage detection resistor 6 Signal (voltage signal). For the converter 7 for abnormality detection, for example, a zero-phase converter can be used. The voltage drop detection unit 8 converts the output signal proportional to the differential current from the abnormality detection converter 7 into a differential voltage signal (analog voltage signal or digital voltage signal), and outputs an output signal that becomes the actual measured value of the voltage drop . The alarm level setting section 9 is composed of memory elements such as non-volatile memory, and memorizes the initial value of the contact resistance and the alarm level value. The initial value of the contact resistance is preset at the time of shipment adjustment. The resistance value of the open/close contact in the normal closed state. Here, the so-called alarm level value refers to the allowable range of the voltage difference based on the normal value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts and the actual measured value of the voltage drop when the abnormality occurs. The value of the alarm level can be changed according to demand, and can be input to the alarm level setting part 9. The waveform comparison unit 10 calculates the voltage drop in the closed circuit state based on the load current value of the load current signal output from the load current detection unit 4 and the initial value of the contact resistance recorded in the alarm level setting unit 9 According to the differential voltage signal output from the voltage drop detection unit 8, the actual measured value of the voltage drop of the switching contact 2 is obtained, and the voltage drop differential value is calculated by the normal value of the voltage drop and the actual measured value of the voltage drop , And compared with the preset alarm level value, when the voltage drop difference value exceeds the alarm level value, it is determined that the contact resistance of the opening and closing contact 2 has deviated from the initial value, and an alarm signal is output. The alarm unit 11 issues an alarm when receiving the alarm signal output from the waveform comparison unit 10. The trip device 12 can open the switching contact in response to the current flowing in the circuit 1.

接著，使用第1圖針對以上方式所構成之本發明的實施型態1的電路斷路器，來說明動作。在正常的閉路狀態中，各自流通電路1a、1b、1c、1d的負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic、Id係各自被變流器3a、3b、3c、3d檢測，且與負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic、Id成比例的電流信號係作為輸出信號而輸出給負載電流檢測部4。負載電流檢測部4係將取得到的與負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic、Id成比例的輸出信號轉換成負載電流信號，且輸出給波形比較部10。Next, the operation of the circuit breaker according to the first embodiment of the present invention constructed in the above manner will be described using Fig. 1. In the normal closed-circuit state, the load currents Ia, Ib, Ic, and Id of the respective circulating circuits 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are detected by the converters 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d respectively, and are compared with the load currents Ia, Ib, A current signal proportional to Ic and Id is output to the load current detection unit 4 as an output signal. The load current detection unit 4 converts the acquired output signals proportional to the load currents Ia, Ib, Ic, and Id into load current signals, and outputs them to the waveform comparison unit 10.

警報準位設定部9係紀錄了預先輸入之開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d之接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb、Xc、Xd，接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb、Xc、Xd係輸出給波形比較部10。在此，接觸電阻的初期值係指：於電路斷路器的出貨調整時所量測到的接觸電阻值。另外，根據電壓降的正常值、與電壓降的實測值來算出異常發生時的電壓降差分值的方法，容後陳述。波形比較部10係從取得到的接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb、Xc、Xd、與前述的負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic、Id，分別利用式子(1-1)、式子(1-2)、式子(1-3)、式子(1-4)來導出於正常的閉路狀態的開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d之電壓降的正常值ΔUa、ΔUb、ΔUc、ΔUd。The alarm level setting part 9 records the initial value Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd of the contact resistance of the open/close contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d input in advance, and the initial value of the contact resistance Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd is output To the waveform comparison section 10. Here, the initial value of the contact resistance refers to the contact resistance value measured during the shipment adjustment of the circuit breaker. In addition, the method of calculating the differential value of the voltage drop when an abnormality occurs based on the normal value of the voltage drop and the actual measured value of the voltage drop will be described later. The waveform comparison unit 10 uses the obtained initial values of contact resistance Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd, and the aforementioned load currents Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, respectively, using equations (1-1) and (1- 2) Equations (1-3) and (1-4) are derived from the normal values ΔUa, ΔUb, ΔUc, ΔUd of the voltage drop at the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d in the normal closed state.

(數式1-1)

(Numerical formula 1-1)

(數式1-2)

(Number 1-2)

(數式1-3)

(Numerical formula 1-3)

(數式1-4)

(Numerical formula 1-4)

而且，電路1a、1b、1c、與電路1d之電源側的線路間係連接有電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c。電路1a、1b、1c及1d的電源側電位係分別定義為V1、V2、V3及V4，而流通於電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b及5c的電流係分別定義為電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2及i3，而經由電源側電壓檢測電阻往電路1d流通的電流係定義為電源側電壓檢測電流i4。在此，如第1圖所示，若將與電源側電壓檢測電阻5a及電源側電壓檢測電阻5b連接的配線予以連接至經繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之電路1d的電源側，再以將與電路1d之電源側連接的配線予以連接至經繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之電源側電壓檢測電阻5c的配線的方式接線，則從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之電源側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i係以式子(2)來表示。In addition, power-supply-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, and 5c are connected between the circuits 1a, 1b, and 1c, and the power-supply-side line of the circuit 1d. The power-side potentials of circuits 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are defined as V1, V2, V3, and V4, respectively, and the currents flowing through the power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, and 5c are defined as power-side voltage detection currents i1, respectively i2 and i3, and the current flowing through the power-side voltage detection resistor to the circuit 1d is defined as the power-side voltage detection current i4. Here, as shown in Figure 1, if the wiring connected to the power supply side voltage detection resistor 5a and the power supply side voltage detection resistor 5b is connected to the power supply side of the circuit 1d that is wound around the abnormality detection converter 7, Then connect the wiring connected to the power supply side of the circuit 1d to the wiring that is wound around the power supply side voltage detection resistor 5c of the abnormality detection converter 7, and the output is output from the abnormality detection converter 7 The total current i of the power-side voltage detection current is expressed by equation (2).

(數式2)

(Equation 2)

其中，N係表示經繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之電源側的配線的匝數。若將電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2、i3以電源側電位V1、V2、V3、V4與電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c的電阻值R1、R2、R3來表示，則係分別表示成式子(3-1)、式子(3-2)及式子(3-3)，且電源側電壓檢測電流i4表示為式子(3-4)。從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之電源側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i係表示成式子(4)。Here, N represents the number of turns of the wiring that is wound on the power supply side of the abnormality detection converter 7. If the power supply side voltage detection currents i1, i2, i3 are represented by the power supply side potentials V1, V2, V3, V4 and the resistance values R1, R2, R3 of the power supply side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, and 5c, they are expressed as Equations (3-1), (3-2), and (3-3), and the power-side voltage detection current i4 is expressed as equation (3-4). The total current i of the power supply side voltage detection current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 is expressed as equation (4).

(數式3-1)

(Numerical formula 3-1)

(數式3-2)

(Numerical formula 3-2)

(數式3-3)

(Numerical formula 3-3)

(數式3-4)

(Numerical formula 3-4)

(數式4)

(Equation 4)

另一方面，在電路1a、1b、1c與電路1d之負載側的線路間係連接有負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c。電路1a、1b、1c及1d的負載側電位係分別定義為V5、V6、V7及V8，流通於負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b及6c的電流係分別定義為負載側電壓檢測電流i5、i6及i7，而經由負載側電壓檢測電阻往電路1d流通的電流係定義為負載側電壓檢測電流i8。在此，如第1圖所示，將與負載側電壓檢測電阻6a及負載側電壓檢測電阻6b連接的配線予以連接至經繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之電路1d的負載側，再以將與電路1d的負載側連接的配線予以連接至經繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之負載側電壓檢測電阻6c的配線的方式接線，則從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出的負載側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i10係以式子(5)來表示。On the other hand, load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, and 6c are connected between the circuits 1a, 1b, and 1c and the lines on the load side of the circuit 1d. The load-side potentials of circuits 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are defined as V5, V6, V7, and V8, respectively, and the currents flowing through the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, and 6c are defined as load-side voltage detection currents i5, i6, respectively And i7, and the current flowing through the load-side voltage detection resistor to the circuit 1d is defined as the load-side voltage detection current i8. Here, as shown in Figure 1, the wiring connected to the load-side voltage detection resistor 6a and the load-side voltage detection resistor 6b is connected to the load side of the circuit 1d that is wound around the abnormality detection converter 7 and then Connect the wiring connected to the load side of the circuit 1d to the wiring of the load side voltage detection resistor 6c of the abnormality detection converter 7 through the wire, and the output from the abnormality detection converter 7 The total current i10 of the load-side voltage detection current is expressed by equation (5).

(數式5)

(Equation 5)

其中，N10係表示經繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之負載側的配線的匝數。若將負載側電壓檢測電流i5、i6、i7、i8以負載側電位V5、V6、V7、V8與負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c的電阻值R5、R6、R7來表示，則係分別表示成式子(6-1)、式子(6-2)、式子(6-3)及式子(6-4)。從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之負載側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i10係表示成式子(7)。Among them, N10 represents the number of turns of wiring that is wound on the load side of the abnormality detection converter 7. If the load-side voltage detection currents i5, i6, i7, and i8 are represented by the load-side potentials V5, V6, V7, V8 and the resistance values R5, R6, and R7 of the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, and 6c, they are respectively Expressed as formula (6-1), formula (6-2), formula (6-3) and formula (6-4). The total current i10 of the load-side voltage detection current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 is expressed as equation (7).

(數式6-1)

(Equation 6-1)

(數式6-2)

(Equation 6-2)

(數式6-3)

(Numerical formula 6-3)

(數式6-4)

(Equation 6-4)

(數式7)

(Equation 7)

其中，若設：R1＝R2＝R3＝R5＝R6＝R7＝R[Ω]、N＝N1＝M[匝]，則因從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之電流所產生的差分電流信號Δi＝i－i10係表示成式子(8)。Among them, if it is set: R1=R2=R3=R5=R6=R7=R[Ω], N=N1=M[turns], then the differential current generated by the current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 The signal Δi=i-i10 is expressed as equation (8).

(數式8)

(Equation 8)

另外，ΔVa、ΔVb、ΔVc、ΔVd係分別表示開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d的電壓降，且表示成式子(9-1)、式子(9-2)、式子(9-3)及式子(9-4)。In addition, ΔVa, ΔVb, ΔVc, and ΔVd represent the voltage drops of the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, respectively, and are expressed as equations (9-1), equations (9-2), and equations (9- 3) and formula (9-4).

(數式9-1)

(Numerical formula 9-1)

(數式9-2)

(Numerical formula 9-2)

(數式9-3)

(Numerical formula 9-3)

(數式9-4)

(Numerical formula 9-4)

與在異常檢測用變流器7檢測到的差分電流信號Δi成比例的輸出信號係輸出給電壓降檢測部8。電壓降檢測部8係將與取得到的差分電流信號Δi成比例的輸出信號輸出給波形比較部10。波形比較部10係利用式子(10)而從取得到的差分電流信號Δi的值來算出開閉接點2a至2d中之電壓降的實測值ΔV。The output signal proportional to the differential current signal Δi detected by the abnormality detection converter 7 is output to the voltage drop detection unit 8. The voltage drop detection unit 8 outputs an output signal proportional to the acquired differential current signal Δi to the waveform comparison unit 10. The waveform comparison unit 10 uses the equation (10) to calculate the actual measured value ΔV of the voltage drop in the opening and closing contacts 2a to 2d from the value of the obtained differential current signal Δi.

(數式10)

(Equation 10)

若開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d中之接觸電阻的實測值設為Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd，則式子(10)係使用前述的負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic、Id來表示成式子(11)。If the actual measured values of the contact resistance in the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are set to Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, then the equation (10) is expressed using the aforementioned load currents Ia, Ib, Ic, Id as Formula (11).

(數式11)

(Equation 11)

另一方面，波形比較部10係使用於利用式子(1-1)、式子(1-2)、式子(1-3)及式子(1-4)所導出之正常的閉路狀態下的電壓降的正常值ΔUa、ΔUb、ΔUc、ΔUd，並利用式子(12)來推定開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d中之接點部電壓降的正常值ΔU。On the other hand, the waveform comparison unit 10 is used in the normal closed circuit state derived from the equation (1-1), equation (1-2), equation (1-3), and equation (1-4) The normal values ΔUa, ΔUb, ΔUc, and ΔUd of the lower voltage drop, and use equation (12) to estimate the normal value ΔU of the contact voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d.

(數式12)

(Equation 12)

在此，第2圖係顯示實施型態1之電路斷路器之動作的模擬結果的一例。在第2圖中，橫軸係顯示時間、縱軸係顯示電位準位。如第2圖(A)所示，當開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d為正常的閉路狀態的情形，由於接觸電阻的實測值Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd與接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb、Xc、Xd大致一致，所以電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU表示成式子(13)。Here, Fig. 2 shows an example of the simulation result of the operation of the circuit breaker of the first embodiment. In Figure 2, the horizontal axis shows the time and the vertical axis shows the potential level. As shown in Figure 2 (A), when the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are in a normal closed state, the actual measured values of the contact resistance Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd and the initial values of the contact resistance Xa, Xb, Xc, and Xd are approximately the same, so the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU is expressed as equation (13).

(數式13)

(Equation 13)

當開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d產生異常而接觸電阻的實測值Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd增大時，由於接觸電阻之實測值Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd與接觸電阻之初期值Xa、Xb、Xc、Xd的偏差會變大，故如第2圖(B)所示，電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU的振幅會隨著接觸電阻的實測值變大，而成為正方向警報準位值、及負方向警報準位值以上。因此，監視電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU的大小，且與設定於警報準位設定部9的警報準位值作比較，藉此可檢測開閉接點的異常。When the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are abnormal and the actual measured values of contact resistance Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd increase, the actual measured values of contact resistance Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd and the initial value of contact resistance Xa The deviation of, Xb, Xc, and Xd will increase, so as shown in Figure 2 (B), the amplitude of the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU will increase with the actual measured value of the contact resistance and become the positive alarm level Value, and above the alarm level value in the negative direction. Therefore, by monitoring the magnitude of the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU, and comparing it with the alarm level value set in the alarm level setting section 9, the abnormality of the opening and closing contact can be detected.

當電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU的大小超過警報準位值的情形時，波形比較部10會將警報信號輸出給警報部11。當警報部11接收到從波形比較部10所輸出的警報信號時，係對外部機器輸出警報，藉此可通知開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d的異常。When the magnitude of the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU exceeds the alarm level value, the waveform comparison unit 10 outputs an alarm signal to the alarm unit 11. When the alarm unit 11 receives the alarm signal output from the waveform comparison unit 10, it outputs an alarm to an external device, thereby notifying the abnormality of the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d.

另外，在實施型態1中，當電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c的電阻值有不一致時，會受電阻值的不一致而在開閉接點2a、2b、2c、2d之電壓降的實測值ΔV產生量側誤差，故使波形比較部10具有修正電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c之電阻值不一致的功能，藉此可更提高量測精確度。In addition, in the first embodiment, when the resistance values of the power supply side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, 5c and the load side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, 6c are inconsistent, the resistance value will be inconsistent, and the opening and closing contact 2a , 2b, 2c, 2d, the actual measured value of the voltage drop ΔV produces a quantitative error, so the waveform comparison unit 10 has the correct resistance value of the power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, 5c and the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, 6c Inconsistent functions, which can further improve the measurement accuracy.

電阻值的不一致亦會受溫度、濕度環境及經年劣化而產生，惟將電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c的常數設為統一，由相同規格的電阻零件來構成電路，藉此全部的零件對於溫度、濕度環境及經年劣化獲取均勻的電阻值變化，故而可更提高量測的可靠性。此外，將電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c配置在相同基板上，藉此可不易受到因位置所致之溫度與濕度環境的影響，可更提高量測的可靠性。The inconsistency of the resistance value will also be caused by temperature, humidity environment and years of deterioration, but the constants of the power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, 5c and the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, 6c are set to be uniform, and the same specifications The circuit is composed of the resistance parts, so that all parts can obtain uniform resistance value changes in the temperature, humidity environment and year-on-year deterioration, so the reliability of the measurement can be further improved. In addition, the power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, 5c and the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, 6c are arranged on the same substrate, so that they are not easily affected by the temperature and humidity environment caused by the location, which can be improved Reliability of measurement.

根據實施型態1之接點部異常監視裝置及使用接點部異常監視裝置的電路斷路器，藉由比較開閉接點之電壓降的實測值與開閉接點之電壓降的正常值，可監視接點部之異常的有無，該開閉接點之電壓降的實測值係從流通在分別連接於開閉接點之電源側及負載側之線路間的電壓檢測電阻的電流的差分所算出者，而該開閉接點之電壓降的正常值係從負載電流及開閉接點的接觸電阻的初期值所算出者。由於能夠以非接觸方式量測開閉接點部的電壓降，所以不會影響開閉接點間的絕緣，可提高電路斷路器的安全性。According to the contact abnormality monitoring device and the circuit breaker using the contact abnormality monitoring device of embodiment 1, it can be monitored by comparing the measured value of the voltage drop of the open/close contact with the normal value of the voltage drop of the open/close contact Whether there is an abnormality in the contact part, the actual measured value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contact is calculated from the difference of the current flowing in the voltage detection resistor between the power supply side and the load side connected to the opening and closing contact, and The normal value of the voltage drop of the open/close contact is calculated from the initial value of the load current and the contact resistance of the open/close contact. Since the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts can be measured in a non-contact manner, the insulation between the opening and closing contacts will not be affected, and the safety of the circuit breaker can be improved.

實施型態2 第3圖係實施型態2之電路斷路器的方塊圖，且顯示在單相3線式電路及三相3線式電路中，檢測接點部之異常的構成。Implementation Type 2 Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the circuit breaker of the implementation mode 2, and shows the structure of detecting abnormality of the contact part in the single-phase 3-wire circuit and the three-phase 3-wire circuit.

如第3圖所示，實施型態2之電路斷路器係與實施型態1同樣地，由接點部異常監視裝置、及警報部11、跳脫裝置12所構成；其中，該接點部異常監視裝置係具有：設置於電路1的開閉接點2、變流器3、負載電流檢測部4、電源側電壓檢測電阻5、負載側電壓檢測電阻6、異常檢測用變流器7、電壓降檢測部8、警報準位設定部9及波形比較部10。電路1係連接電源及負載，且具有電路1a、1b、1c。開閉接點2係設置於對電源及負載之間進行開閉的電路1且具有開閉接點2a、2b、2c。變流器3係具有變流器3a、3b、3c，且當開閉接點2處在閉路狀態時輸出與從電源流通至負載之負載電流成比例的輸出信號(電流信號)。負載電流檢測部4係將來自變流器3的輸出信號轉轉換成負載電流信號(類比信號或數位信號) 並予以輸出。電源側電壓檢測電阻5係與開閉接點2電源側連接，且將電源側電壓(由電源側電位V1、V2、V3所構成的電位差)轉換成電源側電壓檢測電流(電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2、i3)；且具有分別對應於電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2、i3的電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c。負載側電壓檢測電阻6係與開閉接點2負載側連接，且將負載電壓(由負載側電位V4、V5、V6所構成的電位差)轉換成負載側電壓檢測電流(負載側電壓檢測電流i4、i5、i6)；且具有分別對應於負載側電壓檢測電流i4、i5、i6的負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c。異常檢測用變流器7係輸出與因流通於電源側電壓檢測電阻5之電源側電壓檢測電流、及流通於負載側電壓檢測電阻6之負載側電壓檢測電流所產生之差分電流成比例的輸出信號(電壓信號)。異常檢測用變流器7例如可使用零相變流器。電壓降檢測部8係將與來自異常檢測用變流器7之差分電流成比例的輸出信號轉換成差分電壓信號(類比電壓信號或數位電壓信號) ，且輸出成為電壓降之實測值的輸出信號。警報準位設定部9係由非揮發性記憶體等之記憶元件所構成，且記憶接觸電阻的初期值、及警報準位值，該接觸電阻的初期值係出貨調整時所預先設定之於開閉接點之正常的閉路狀態的電阻值。在此，所謂警報準位值係指：根據開閉接點之電壓降的正常值、及異常發生時之電壓降的實測值的電壓差的容許範圍。警報準位值係可因應需求而變更，且可輸入至警報準位設定部9。波形比較部10係藉由根據從負載電流檢測部4所輸出之負載電流信號的負載電流值、及記錄於警報準位設定部9之接觸電阻的初期值，來算出於閉路狀態時之電壓降的正常值，且根據從電壓降檢測部8所輸出之差分電壓信號取得開閉接點2之電壓降的實測值，並藉由電壓降的正常值及電壓降的實測值來算出電壓降差分值，且與預先設定之警報準位值作比較，當電壓降差分值超過警報準位值時，判定開閉接點2的接觸電阻脫離初期值，且輸出警報信號。警報部11係當接收從波形比較部10所輸出的警報信號時發出警報。跳脫裝置12係可因應流通電路1的電流來將開閉接點開路。As shown in Figure 3, the circuit breaker of the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment, and is composed of a contact abnormality monitoring device, an alarm 11, and a trip device 12; wherein, the contact The abnormality monitoring device includes: the opening and closing contact 2, the converter 3, the load current detector 4, the power-side voltage detection resistor 5, the load-side voltage detection resistor 6, the abnormality detection converter 7, and the voltage The drop detection unit 8, the alarm level setting unit 9 and the waveform comparison unit 10. The circuit 1 is connected to a power source and a load, and has circuits 1a, 1b, and 1c. The opening and closing contact 2 is provided in the circuit 1 that opens and closes between the power supply and the load, and has opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, and 2c. The converter 3 has converters 3a, 3b, 3c, and outputs an output signal (current signal) proportional to the load current flowing from the power source to the load when the open/close contact 2 is in a closed state. The load current detection unit 4 converts the output signal from the converter 3 into a load current signal (analog signal or digital signal) and outputs it. The power supply side voltage detection resistor 5 is connected to the power supply side of the switching contact 2 and converts the power supply side voltage (potential difference formed by the power supply side potentials V1, V2, V3) into the power supply side voltage detection current (power supply side voltage detection current i1) , I2, i3); and have power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, and 5c corresponding to the power-side voltage detection currents i1, i2, and i3, respectively. The load side voltage detection resistor 6 is connected to the load side of the switching contact 2 and converts the load voltage (potential difference formed by the load side potentials V4, V5, V6) into the load side voltage detection current (load side voltage detection current i4, i5, i6); and have load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, and 6c corresponding to the load-side voltage detection currents i4, i5, and i6, respectively. The abnormality detection converter 7 outputs an output proportional to the differential current generated by the power-side voltage detection current flowing through the power-side voltage detection resistor 5 and the load-side voltage detection current flowing through the load-side voltage detection resistor 6 Signal (voltage signal). For the converter 7 for abnormality detection, for example, a zero-phase converter can be used. The voltage drop detection unit 8 converts the output signal proportional to the differential current from the abnormality detection converter 7 into a differential voltage signal (analog voltage signal or digital voltage signal), and outputs an output signal that becomes the actual measured value of the voltage drop . The alarm level setting section 9 is composed of memory elements such as non-volatile memory, and memorizes the initial value of the contact resistance and the alarm level value. The initial value of the contact resistance is preset at the time of shipment adjustment. The resistance value of the open/close contact in the normal closed state. Here, the so-called alarm level value refers to the allowable range of the voltage difference based on the normal value of the voltage drop of the open/close contact and the actual measured value of the voltage drop when the abnormality occurs. The value of the alarm level can be changed according to demand, and can be input to the alarm level setting part 9. The waveform comparison unit 10 calculates the voltage drop in the closed circuit state based on the load current value of the load current signal output from the load current detection unit 4 and the initial value of the contact resistance recorded in the alarm level setting unit 9 According to the differential voltage signal output from the voltage drop detection unit 8, the actual measured value of the voltage drop of the switching contact 2 is obtained, and the voltage drop differential value is calculated by the normal value of the voltage drop and the actual measured value of the voltage drop , And compared with the preset alarm level value, when the voltage drop difference value exceeds the alarm level value, it is determined that the contact resistance of the opening and closing contact 2 has deviated from the initial value, and an alarm signal is output. The alarm unit 11 issues an alarm when receiving the alarm signal output from the waveform comparison unit 10. The trip device 12 can open the switching contact in response to the current flowing in the circuit 1.

接著，使用第3圖針對以上方式所構成之本發明的實施型態2之電路斷路器，來說明動作。在正常的閉路狀態中，各自流通電路1a、1b、1c的負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic係各自被變流器3a、3b、3c檢測，且與負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic成比例的電流信號係作為輸出信號而輸出給負載電流檢測部4。負載電流檢測部4係將取得到的與負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic成比例的輸出信號轉換成負載電流信號，且輸出給波形比較部10。Next, the operation of the circuit breaker according to the second embodiment of the present invention constructed in the above manner will be described using Fig. 3. In the normal closed-circuit state, the load currents Ia, Ib, and Ic of the respective circulating circuits 1a, 1b, and 1c are detected by the converters 3a, 3b, and 3c, respectively, and are current signals proportional to the load currents Ia, Ib, and Ic It is output to the load current detection unit 4 as an output signal. The load current detection unit 4 converts the acquired output signals proportional to the load currents Ia, Ib, and Ic into load current signals, and outputs them to the waveform comparison unit 10.

警報準位設定部9係紀錄著預先輸入之開閉接點2a、2b、2c之接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb、Xc，接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb、Xc係輸出給波形比較部10。在此，接觸電阻的初期值係指：於電路斷路器的出貨調整時所量測到的接觸電阻值。另外，根據電壓降的正常值、與電壓降的實測值來算出異常發生時的電壓降差分值的方法，容後陳述。波形比較部10係從取得到的接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb、Xc、與前述的負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic分別利用式子(14-1)、式子(14-2)及式子(14-3) 來導出於正常的閉路狀態的開閉接點2a、2b、2c之電壓降的正常值ΔUa、ΔUb、ΔUc。The alarm level setting unit 9 records the initial values Xa, Xb, Xc of the contact resistance of the open/close contacts 2a, 2b, 2c input in advance, and the initial values Xa, Xb, Xc of the contact resistance are output to the waveform comparison unit 10. Here, the initial value of the contact resistance refers to the contact resistance value measured during the shipment adjustment of the circuit breaker. In addition, the method of calculating the differential value of the voltage drop when an abnormality occurs based on the normal value of the voltage drop and the actual measured value of the voltage drop will be described later. The waveform comparison section 10 uses the obtained initial values of contact resistance Xa, Xb, Xc, and the aforementioned load currents Ia, Ib, and Ic, respectively, using equations (14-1), (14-2) and equations (14-3) The normal values ΔUa, ΔUb, and ΔUc of the voltage drop at the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, and 2c in the normal closed state are derived.

(數式14-1)

(Equation 14-1)

(數式14-2)

(Equation 14-2)

(數式14-3)

(Equation 14-3)

而且，電路1a、1b、1c之電源側的線路間係連接有電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c。電路1a、1b及1c的電源側電位係分別定義為V1、V2及V3，而流通於電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b及5c的電流係分別定義為電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2及i3。在此，如第3圖所示，若將與電源側電壓檢測電阻5a及電源側電壓檢測電阻5b連接的配線予以繞線於異常檢測用變流器7，再接線於與繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之電路1c的電源側連接的電源側電壓檢測電阻5c的配線，則從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之電源側電壓檢測電流的合計電流係以式子(15)來表示。Furthermore, power supply side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, and 5c are connected between the lines on the power supply side of the circuits 1a, 1b, and 1c. The power-side potentials of the circuits 1a, 1b, and 1c are defined as V1, V2, and V3, respectively, and the currents flowing through the power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, and 5c are defined as power-side voltage detection currents i1, i2, and i3, respectively. Here, as shown in Fig. 3, if the wires connected to the power supply side voltage detection resistor 5a and the power supply side voltage detection resistor 5b are wound to the abnormality detection converter 7, and then connected to the abnormality detection With the wiring of the power supply side voltage detection resistor 5c connected to the power supply side of the circuit 1c of the converter 7, the total current of the power supply side voltage detection current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 is given by equation (15) Said.

(數式15)

(Equation 15)

其中，N係表示經繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之電源側的配線的匝數。若將電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2、i3以電源側電位V1、V2、V3與電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c的電阻值R1、R2、R3來表示，則分別表示成：式子(16-1)、式子(16-2)及(16-3)。從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之電源側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i係表示成(17)。Here, N represents the number of turns of the wiring that is wound on the power supply side of the abnormality detection converter 7. If the power supply side voltage detection current i1, i2, i3 is represented by the power supply side potential V1, V2, V3 and the resistance value R1, R2, R3 of the power supply side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, 5c, they are respectively expressed as: (16-1), formulas (16-2) and (16-3). The total current i of the power-side voltage detection current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 is represented as (17).

(數式16-1)

(Equation 16-1)

(數式16-2)

(Equation 16-2)

(數式16-3)

(Numerical formula 16-3)

(數式17)

(Equation 17)

另一方面，在電路1a、1b、1c之負載側的線路間係連接有負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c。電路1a、1b及1c的負載側電位係分別定義為V4、V5及V6，流通於負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b及6c的電流係分別定義為負載側電壓檢測電流i4、i5及i6。在此，如第3圖所示，將與負載側電壓檢測電阻6a及負載側電壓檢測電阻6b連接的配線予以繞線於異常檢測用變流器7，再接線於與繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之電路1c的負載側連接的負載側電壓檢測電阻6c的配線，則從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之負載側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i10係以式子(18)來表示。On the other hand, load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, and 6c are connected between the lines on the load side of the circuits 1a, 1b, and 1c. The load-side potentials of the circuits 1a, 1b, and 1c are defined as V4, V5, and V6, respectively, and the currents flowing through the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, and 6c are defined as load-side voltage detection currents i4, i5, and i6, respectively. Here, as shown in Fig. 3, the wires connected to the load-side voltage detection resistor 6a and the load-side voltage detection resistor 6b are wound on the abnormality detection converter 7, and then wired to the abnormality detection resistor. The wiring of the load side voltage detection resistor 6c connected to the load side of the circuit 1c of the converter 7, the total current i10 of the load side voltage detection current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 is given by equation (18) Said.

(數式18)

(Equation 18)

其中，N10係表示經繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之負載側的配線的匝數。若將負載側電壓檢測電流i4、i5、i6以負載側電位V4、V5、V6與負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c的電阻值R4、R5、R6來表示，則分別表示成式子(19-1)、式子(19-2)及式子(19-3)。從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之負載側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i10係表示成式子(20)。Among them, N10 represents the number of turns of wiring that is wound on the load side of the abnormality detection converter 7. If the load-side voltage detection currents i4, i5, and i6 are represented by the load-side potentials V4, V5, V6 and the resistance values R4, R5, and R6 of the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, and 6c, they are expressed as equations ( 19-1), formula (19-2) and formula (19-3). The total current i10 of the load-side voltage detection current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 is expressed as equation (20).

(數式19-1)

(Equation 19-1)

(數式19-2)

(Equation 19-2)

(數式19-3)

(Equation 19-3)

(數式20)

(Equation 20)

其中，若設：R1＝R2＝R3＝R4＝R5＝R6＝R[Ω]、N＝N10＝M[匝]，則因從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之電流所產生的差分電流信號Δi＝i-i10係表示成式子(21)。Among them, if it is set: R1=R2=R3=R4=R5=R6=R[Ω], N=N10=M[turns], the differential current generated by the current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 The signal Δi=i-i10 is expressed as equation (21).

(數式21)

(Equation 21)

另外，ΔVa、ΔVb、ΔVc係分別表示開閉接點2a、2b、2c的電壓降，且表示成式子(22-1)、式子(22-2)及式子(22-3)。In addition, ΔVa, ΔVb, and ΔVc represent the voltage drops of the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, and 2c, respectively, and are expressed as equations (22-1), (22-2), and (22-3).

(數式22-1)

(Equation 22-1)

(數式22-2)

(Equation 22-2)

(數式22-3)

(Numerical formula 22-3)

與在異常檢測用變流器7檢測到的差分電流信號Δi成比例的輸出信號係輸出給電壓降檢測部8。電壓降檢測部8係將與取得到的差分電流信號Δi成比例的輸出信號輸出給波形比較部10。波形比較部10係利用式子(23)從取得到的差分電流信號Δi的值來算出開閉接點2a至2c中之接點部電壓降的實測值ΔV。The output signal proportional to the differential current signal Δi detected by the abnormality detection converter 7 is output to the voltage drop detection unit 8. The voltage drop detection unit 8 outputs an output signal proportional to the acquired differential current signal Δi to the waveform comparison unit 10. The waveform comparison unit 10 uses the equation (23) to calculate the actual measured value ΔV of the voltage drop at the contact portion of the opening and closing contacts 2a to 2c from the value of the obtained differential current signal Δi.

(數式23)

(Equation 23)

若開閉接點2a、2b、2c中之接觸電阻的實測值設為Ra、Rb、Rc，則式子(23) 係使用前述的負載電流Ia、Ib、Ic來表示成式子(24)。If the actual measured values of the contact resistance in the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, and 2c are set to Ra, Rb, and Rc, then equation (23) is expressed as equation (24) using the aforementioned load currents Ia, Ib, and Ic.

(數式24)

(Equation 24)

另一方面，波形比較部10係使用於利用式子(14-1)、式子(14-2)及式子(14-3)所導出之正常的閉路狀態下的電壓降的正常值ΔUa、ΔUb、ΔUc，並利用式子(25) 來推定開閉接點2a至2c中之接點部電壓降的正常值ΔU。On the other hand, the waveform comparison unit 10 is used for the normal value ΔUa of the voltage drop in the normal closed circuit state derived from the equation (14-1), equation (14-2) and equation (14-3) , ΔUb, ΔUc, and use equation (25) to estimate the normal value ΔU of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts 2a to 2c.

(數式25)

(Equation 25)

當開閉接點2a、2b、2c為正常的閉路狀態的情形，由於接觸電阻的實測值Ra、Rb、Rc與接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb、Xc大致一致，所以電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU表示成式子(26)。When the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, and 2c are in a normal closed state, the actual measured values of the contact resistance Ra, Rb, and Rc are approximately the same as the initial values of the contact resistance Xa, Xb, and Xc, so the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU Expressed as equation (26).

(數式26)

(Equation 26)

當開閉接點2a、2b、2c產生異常而接觸電阻的實測值Ra、Rb、Rc增大時，由於接觸電阻之實測值Ra、Rb、Rc與接觸電阻之初期值Xa、Xb、Xc的偏差會變大，故而電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU的振幅會隨著接觸電阻的實測值變大，而成為正方向警報準位值、及負方向警報準位值以上。因此，監視電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU的大小，且與設定於警報準位設定部9的警報準位值作比較，藉此可檢測開閉接點的異常。當電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU的大小超過警報準位值的情形時，波形比較部10會將警報信號輸出給警報部11。當警報部11接收到從波形比較部10所輸出的警報信號時，對外部機器輸出警報，藉此可通知開閉接點2a、2b、2c的異常。When the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, 2c are abnormal and the actual measured values of contact resistance Ra, Rb, Rc increase, due to the deviation of the actual measured values of contact resistance Ra, Rb, Rc and the initial values of contact resistance Xa, Xb, Xc It will become larger, so the amplitude of the voltage drop differential value ΔV-ΔU will increase as the actual measured value of the contact resistance becomes greater than the positive direction alarm level value and the negative direction alarm level value. Therefore, by monitoring the magnitude of the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU, and comparing it with the alarm level value set in the alarm level setting section 9, the abnormality of the opening and closing contact can be detected. When the magnitude of the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU exceeds the alarm level value, the waveform comparison unit 10 outputs an alarm signal to the alarm unit 11. When the alarm unit 11 receives the alarm signal output from the waveform comparison unit 10, it outputs an alarm to an external device, thereby notifying the abnormality of the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, and 2c.

另外，在實施型態2中，與實施型態1同樣地，當電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c的電阻值有不一致時，會受電阻值的不一致而在開閉接點2a、2b、2c之電壓降的實測值ΔV產生量測誤差，故使波形比較部10具有修正電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c之電阻值不一致的功能，藉此可更提高量測精確度。就電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b、5c及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b、6c而言，與實施型態1同樣地，使用相同規格的電阻零件較佳。而且，藉由配置在相同基板上，可不易受到因位置所致之溫度與濕度環境的影響，可更提高量測的可靠性。In addition, in Embodiment 2, similar to Embodiment 1, when the resistance values of the power supply side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, 5c and the load side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, 6c are inconsistent, the resistance value will be affected. The actual measurement value ΔV of the voltage drop at the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b, and 2c produces measurement errors. Therefore, the waveform comparison unit 10 is equipped with correction power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, 5c and load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, The function of the resistance value of 6b and 6c is inconsistent, which can further improve the measurement accuracy. Regarding the power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b, 5c and the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, 6c, as in the first embodiment, it is better to use resistor parts of the same specifications. Moreover, by being arranged on the same substrate, it is less susceptible to the influence of the temperature and humidity environment caused by the location, which can further improve the reliability of the measurement.

根據實施型態2之接點部異常監視裝置及使用接點部異常監視裝置的電路斷路器，藉由比較開閉接點之電壓降的實測值與開閉接點之電壓降的正常值，就可監視接點部之異常的有無，該開閉接點之電壓降的實測值係從流通在分別連接於開閉接點之電源側及負載側之線路間的電壓檢測電阻的電流的差分所算出者，該開閉接點之電壓降的正常值係從負載電流及開閉接點的接觸電阻的初期值所算出者。由於能夠以非接觸方式量測開閉接點部的電壓降，所以不會影響開閉接點間的絕緣，可提高電路斷路器的安全性。According to the contact abnormality monitoring device and the circuit breaker using the contact abnormality monitoring device of embodiment 2, by comparing the measured value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contact with the normal value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contact, it can be To monitor the presence or absence of abnormalities in the contact part, the actual measured value of the voltage drop of the open/close contact is calculated from the difference of the current flowing in the voltage detection resistor between the power supply side and the load side connected to the open/close contact, respectively, The normal value of the voltage drop of the open/close contact is calculated from the initial value of the load current and the contact resistance of the open/close contact. Since the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts can be measured in a non-contact manner, the insulation between the opening and closing contacts will not be affected, and the safety of the circuit breaker can be improved.

實施型態3 第4圖係實施型態3之電路斷路器的方塊圖，且顯示在單相2線式電路中檢測接點部異常的構成。Implementation Type 3 Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the circuit breaker of embodiment 3, and shows the structure for detecting abnormality of the contact in a single-phase two-wire circuit.

如第4圖所示，實施型態3之電路斷路器係與實施型態1、及實施型態2同樣地由接點部異常監視裝置、及警報部11、跳脫裝置12所構成，該接點部異常監視裝置係具有：設置於電路1的開閉接點2、變流器3、負載電流檢測部4、電源側電壓檢測電阻5、負載側電壓檢測電阻6、異常檢測用變流器7、電壓降檢測部8、警報準位設定部9及波形比較部10。電路1係連接電源及負載，且具有電路1a、1b。開閉接點2係設置於對電源及負載之間進行開閉的電路1，且具有開閉接點2a、2b。變流器3係具有變流器3a、3b，且當開閉接點2處於閉路狀態時輸出與從電源流通至負載之負載電流成比例的輸出信號(電流信號)。負載電流檢測部4係將來自變流器3的輸出信號轉換成負載電流信號(類比信號或數位信號) 並輸出之。電源側電壓檢測電阻5係與開閉接點2電源側連接，且將電源側電壓(由電源側電位V1、V2所構成的電位差) 轉換成電源側電壓檢測電流(電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2) ；且具有分別對應於電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2的電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b。負載側電壓檢測電阻6係與開閉接點2負載側連接，且將負載電壓(由負載側電位V3、V4所構成的電位差)轉換成負載側電壓檢測電流(負載側電壓檢測電流i3、i4) ；且具有分別對應於負載側電壓檢測電流i3、i4的負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b。異常檢測用變流器7係輸出與因流通於電源側電壓檢測電阻5之電源側電壓檢測電流、及流通於負載側電壓檢測電阻6之負載側電壓檢測電流所產生之差分電流成比例的輸出信號(電流信號或電壓信號)。異常檢測用變流器7例如可使用零相變流器。電壓降檢測部8係將與來自異常檢測用變流器7之差分電流成比例的輸出信號轉換成差分電壓信號(類比電壓信號或數位電壓信號) ，且輸出成為電壓降的實測值的輸出信號。警報準位設定部9係由非揮發性記憶體等之記憶元件所構成，且記憶接觸電阻的初期值、及警報準位值，該接觸電阻的初期值係出貨調整時所預先設定之於開閉接點之正常的閉路狀態的電阻值。在此，所謂警報準位值係指：根據開閉接點之電壓降的正常值、及異常發生時之電壓降的實測值的電壓差的容許範圍。警報準位值係可因應需求而變更，且可輸入至警報準位設定部9。波形比較部10係藉由根據從負載電流檢測部4所輸出之負載電流信號的負載電流值、及記錄於警報準位設定部9之接觸電阻的初期值，來算出於閉路狀態時之電壓降的正常值，且根據從電壓降檢測部8所輸出之差分電壓信號取得開閉接點2之電壓降的實測值，並藉由電壓降的正常值及電壓降的實測值來算出電壓降差分值，且與預先設定之警報準位值作比較，當電壓降差分值超過警報準位值時，判定開閉接點2的接觸電阻脫離初期值，且輸出警報信號。警報部11係當接收從波形比較部10所輸出的警報信號時發出警報。跳脫裝置12係可因應流通於電路1的電流來將開閉接點開路。As shown in Figure 4, the circuit breaker of Embodiment 3 is composed of a contact abnormality monitoring device, an alarm unit 11, and a trip device 12 in the same way as Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. The contact abnormality monitoring device includes: an opening and closing contact 2, a converter 3, a load current detection unit 4, a power-side voltage detection resistor 5, a load-side voltage detection resistor 6, and a converter for abnormality detection provided in the circuit 1. 7. Voltage drop detection unit 8, alarm level setting unit 9, and waveform comparison unit 10. The circuit 1 is connected to a power source and a load, and has circuits 1a and 1b. The opening and closing contact 2 is provided in the circuit 1 that opens and closes the power supply and the load, and has opening and closing contacts 2a and 2b. The converter 3 has converters 3a and 3b, and outputs an output signal (current signal) proportional to the load current flowing from the power supply to the load when the opening/closing contact 2 is in a closed state. The load current detection unit 4 converts the output signal from the converter 3 into a load current signal (analog signal or digital signal) and outputs it. The power supply side voltage detection resistor 5 is connected to the power supply side of the switching contact 2 and converts the power supply side voltage (potential difference formed by the power supply side potentials V1 and V2) into the power supply side voltage detection current (power supply side voltage detection current i1, i2) ); and have power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b corresponding to the power-side voltage detection currents i1, i2, respectively. The load side voltage detection resistor 6 is connected to the load side of the switching contact 2 and converts the load voltage (potential difference formed by the load side potential V3, V4) into the load side voltage detection current (load side voltage detection current i3, i4) ; And there are load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b corresponding to the load-side voltage detection currents i3, i4, respectively. The abnormality detection converter 7 outputs an output proportional to the differential current generated by the power-side voltage detection current flowing through the power-side voltage detection resistor 5 and the load-side voltage detection current flowing through the load-side voltage detection resistor 6 Signal (current signal or voltage signal). For the converter 7 for abnormality detection, for example, a zero-phase converter can be used. The voltage drop detection unit 8 converts the output signal proportional to the differential current from the abnormality detection converter 7 into a differential voltage signal (analog voltage signal or digital voltage signal), and outputs an output signal that becomes the actual measured value of the voltage drop . The alarm level setting section 9 is composed of memory elements such as non-volatile memory, and memorizes the initial value of the contact resistance and the alarm level value. The initial value of the contact resistance is preset at the time of shipment adjustment. The resistance value of the open/close contact in the normal closed state. Here, the so-called alarm level value refers to the allowable range of the voltage difference based on the normal value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts and the actual measured value of the voltage drop when the abnormality occurs. The value of the alarm level can be changed according to demand, and can be input to the alarm level setting part 9. The waveform comparison unit 10 calculates the voltage drop in the closed circuit state based on the load current value of the load current signal output from the load current detection unit 4 and the initial value of the contact resistance recorded in the alarm level setting unit 9 According to the differential voltage signal output from the voltage drop detection unit 8, the actual measured value of the voltage drop of the switching contact 2 is obtained, and the voltage drop differential value is calculated by the normal value of the voltage drop and the actual measured value of the voltage drop , And compared with the preset alarm level value, when the voltage drop difference value exceeds the alarm level value, it is determined that the contact resistance of the opening and closing contact 2 has deviated from the initial value, and an alarm signal is output. The alarm unit 11 issues an alarm when receiving the alarm signal output from the waveform comparison unit 10. The trip device 12 can open the open/close contact in response to the current flowing in the circuit 1.

接著，使用第4圖針對以上方式所構成之本發明的實施型態3之電路斷路器，來說明動作。在正常的閉路狀態中，各自流通於電路1a、1b的負載電流Ia、Ib係各自被變流器3a、3b檢測，且與負載電流Ia、Ib成比例的電流信號係作為輸出信號而輸出給負載電流檢測部4。負載電流檢測部4係將取得到的與負載電流Ia、Ib成比例的輸出信號轉換成負載電流信號，且輸出給波形比較部10。Next, the operation of the circuit breaker according to the third embodiment of the present invention constructed in the above manner will be explained using Fig. 4. In a normal closed circuit state, the load currents Ia and Ib flowing through the circuits 1a and 1b are detected by the converters 3a and 3b respectively, and a current signal proportional to the load current Ia and Ib is output as an output signal. Load current detection unit 4. The load current detection unit 4 converts the acquired output signals proportional to the load currents Ia and Ib into load current signals, and outputs them to the waveform comparison unit 10.

警報準位設定部9係紀錄著預先輸入之開閉接點2a、2b之接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb，接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb係輸出給波形比較部10。在此，接觸電阻的初期值係指：於電路斷路器的出貨調整時所量測到的接觸電阻值。另外，根據電壓降的正常值、與電壓降的實測值來算出異常發生時的電壓降差分值的方法，容後陳述。波形比較部10係從取得到的接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb、與前述的負載電流Ia、Ib，分別利用式子(27-1)、式子(27-2)來導出於正常的閉路狀態的開閉接點2a、2b之電壓降的正常值ΔUa、ΔUb。The alarm level setting unit 9 records the initial values Xa, Xb of the contact resistance of the open/close contacts 2a, 2b input in advance, and the initial values Xa, Xb of the contact resistance are output to the waveform comparison unit 10. Here, the initial value of the contact resistance refers to the contact resistance value measured during the shipment adjustment of the circuit breaker. In addition, the method of calculating the differential value of the voltage drop when an abnormality occurs based on the normal value of the voltage drop and the actual measured value of the voltage drop will be described later. The waveform comparison unit 10 is derived from the acquired initial values of contact resistance Xa, Xb, and the aforementioned load currents Ia, Ib, respectively, using equations (27-1) and (27-2) to derive them into a normal closed circuit The normal value ΔUa, ΔUb of the voltage drop of the open and closed contacts 2a, 2b in the state.

(數式27-1)

(Equation 27-1)

(數式27-2)

(Equation 27-2)

而且，電路1a、1b之電源側的線路間係連接有電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b。電路1a及1b的電源側電位係分別定義為V1及V2，而流通於電源側電壓檢測電阻5a及5b的電流係分別定義為電源側電壓檢測電流i1及i2。在此，如第4圖所示，將與電源側電壓檢測電阻5a及電源側電壓檢測電阻5b連接的配線予以繞線至異常檢測用變流器7，且從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之電源側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i係以式子(28)來表示。In addition, power-supply-side voltage detection resistors 5a and 5b are connected between the lines on the power-supply side of the circuits 1a and 1b. The power supply side potentials of the circuits 1a and 1b are defined as V1 and V2, respectively, and the currents flowing through the power supply side voltage detection resistors 5a and 5b are defined as power supply side voltage detection currents i1 and i2, respectively. Here, as shown in Fig. 4, the wiring connected to the power supply side voltage detection resistor 5a and the power supply side voltage detection resistor 5b is wound to the abnormality detection converter 7, and from the abnormality detection converter 7 The total current i of the output power-side voltage detection current is expressed by equation (28).

(數式28)

(Equation 28)

其中，N係表示繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之電源側的配線的匝數。若將電源側電壓檢測電流i1、i2以電源側電位V1、V2與電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b的電阻值R1、R2來表示，則係分別表示成式子(29-1)及式子(29-2)。從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之電源側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i係表示成式子(30)。Here, N represents the number of turns of the wiring that is wound on the power supply side of the abnormality detection converter 7. If the power-side voltage detection currents i1 and i2 are represented by the power-side potentials V1 and V2 and the resistance values R1 and R2 of the power-side voltage detection resistors 5a and 5b, they are expressed as equations (29-1) and equations, respectively (29-2). The total current i of the power-side voltage detection currents output from the abnormality detection converter 7 is expressed as equation (30).

(數式29-1)

(Equation 29-1)

(數式29-2)

(Equation 29-2)

(數式30)

(Equation 30)

另一方面，在電路1a、1b之負載側的線路間係連接有負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b。電路1a及1b的負載側電位係分別定義為V3及V4，流通於負載側電壓檢測電阻6a及6b的電流係分別定義為負載側電壓檢測電流i3及i4。在此，如第4圖所示，將與負載側電壓檢測電阻6a及負載側電壓檢測電阻6b連接的配線予以繞線至異常檢測用變流器7，而從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之負載側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i10係以式子(31)來表示。On the other hand, load-side voltage detection resistors 6a and 6b are connected between the lines on the load side of the circuits 1a and 1b. The load-side potentials of the circuits 1a and 1b are defined as V3 and V4, respectively, and the currents flowing through the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a and 6b are defined as load-side voltage detection currents i3 and i4, respectively. Here, as shown in Figure 4, the wiring connected to the load-side voltage detection resistor 6a and the load-side voltage detection resistor 6b is wound to the abnormality detection converter 7, and from the abnormality detection converter 7 The total current i10 of the output load-side voltage detection current is expressed by equation (31).

(數式31)

(Equation 31)

其中，N10係表示經繞線於異常檢測用變流器7之負載側的配線的匝數。若將負載側電壓檢測電流i3、i4以以負載側電位V3、V4與負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b的電阻值R3、R4來表示，則係分別表示成式子(32-1)及式子(32-2)。從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之負載側電壓檢測電流的合計電流i10係表示成式子(33)。Among them, N10 represents the number of turns of wiring that is wound on the load side of the abnormality detection converter 7. If the load-side voltage detection currents i3 and i4 are expressed by the load-side potentials V3 and V4 and the resistance values R3 and R4 of the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a and 6b, they are expressed as equations (32-1) and equations, respectively Child (32-2). The total current i10 of the load-side voltage detection current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 is expressed as equation (33).

(數式32-1)

(Numerical formula 32-1)

(數式32-2)

(Numerical formula 32-2)

(數式33)

(Equation 33)

其中，若設：R1＝R2＝R3＝R4＝R[Ω]、N＝N10＝M[匝]，則因從異常檢測用變流器7所輸出之電流所產生的差分電流信號Δi＝i－i10係表示成式子(34)。Among them, if it is set: R1=R2=R3=R4=R[Ω], N=N10=M[turns], then the differential current signal Δi=i generated by the current output from the abnormality detection converter 7 －I10 is expressed as formula (34).

(數式34)

(Equation 34)

另外，ΔVa、ΔVb係表示開閉接點2a、2b的電壓降，且表示成式子(35-1)及式子(35-2)。In addition, ΔVa and ΔVb represent the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts 2a and 2b, and are expressed as equations (35-1) and (35-2).

(數式35-1)

(Numerical formula 35-1)

(數式35-2)

(Numerical formula 35-2)

與在異常檢測用變流器7檢測到的差分電流信號Δi成比例的輸出信號係輸出給電壓降檢測部8。電壓降檢測部8係將與取得到的差分電流信號Δi成比例的輸出信號輸出給波形比較部10。波形比較部10係利用式子(36) 而從取得到的差分電流信號Δi的值來算出開閉接點2a至2b之電壓降的實測值ΔV。The output signal proportional to the differential current signal Δi detected by the abnormality detection converter 7 is output to the voltage drop detection unit 8. The voltage drop detection unit 8 outputs an output signal proportional to the acquired differential current signal Δi to the waveform comparison unit 10. The waveform comparison unit 10 uses the equation (36) to calculate the actual measured value ΔV of the voltage drop between the opening and closing contacts 2a to 2b from the value of the acquired differential current signal Δi.

(數式36)

(Equation 36)

若開閉接點2a、2b中之接觸電阻的實測值設為Ra、Rb，則式子(36) 係使用前述的負載電流Ia、Ib來表示成式子(37)。If the actual measured values of the contact resistance in the opening and closing contacts 2a and 2b are set to Ra and Rb, the equation (36) is expressed as the equation (37) using the aforementioned load currents Ia and Ib.

(數式37)

(Equation 37)

另一方面，波形比較部10係使用於利用式子(27-1)及式子(27-2) 所導出之正常的閉路狀態下的電壓降的正常值ΔUa、ΔUb，並利用式子(38) 來推定開閉接點2a、2b中之電壓降的正常值ΔU。On the other hand, the waveform comparison unit 10 uses the normal values ΔUa and ΔUb of the voltage drop in the normal closed circuit state derived from the equations (27-1) and (27-2), and uses the equations ( 38) To estimate the normal value ΔU of the voltage drop in the opening and closing contacts 2a and 2b.

(數式38)

(Equation 38)

當開閉接點2a、2b為正常的閉路狀態的情形時，由於接觸電阻的實測值Ra、Rb與接觸電阻的初期值Xa、Xb大致一致，所以電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU表示成式子(39)。When the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b are in a normal closed state, since the actual measured values of the contact resistance Ra and Rb are approximately the same as the initial values of the contact resistance Xa, Xb, the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU is expressed as the formula ( 39).

(數式39)

(Equation 39)

當開閉接點2a、2b產生異常而接觸電阻的實測值Ra、Rb增大時，由於接觸電阻之實測值Ra、Rb與接觸電阻之初期值Xa、Xb的偏差會變大，故此電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU的振幅會隨著接觸電阻的實測值變大，而成為正方向警報準位值、及負方向警報準位值以上。因此，監視電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU的大小，且與設定於警報準位設定部9的警報準位值作比較，藉此可檢測開閉接點的異常。當電壓降差分值ΔV－ΔU的大小超過警報準位值的情形，波形比較部10會將警報信號輸出給警報部11。當警報部11接收到從波形比較部10所輸出的警報信號時，對外部機器輸出警報，藉此可通知開閉接點2a、2b的異常。When the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b are abnormal and the actual measured values of contact resistance Ra and Rb increase, the difference between the actual measured values of contact resistance Ra and Rb and the initial values of contact resistance Xa, Xb will increase, so the voltage drop difference The amplitude of the value ΔV-ΔU becomes larger than the actual value of the contact resistance, and becomes the positive direction alarm level value and the negative direction alarm level value or more. Therefore, by monitoring the magnitude of the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU, and comparing it with the alarm level value set in the alarm level setting section 9, the abnormality of the opening and closing contact can be detected. When the magnitude of the voltage drop difference value ΔV-ΔU exceeds the alarm level value, the waveform comparison unit 10 outputs an alarm signal to the alarm unit 11. When the alarm unit 11 receives the alarm signal output from the waveform comparison unit 10, it outputs an alarm to an external device, thereby notifying the abnormality of the opening and closing contacts 2a and 2b.

另外，在實施型態3中，與實施型態1同樣地，當電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b的電阻值有不一致時，會受電阻值的不一致而在開閉接點2a、2b之電壓降的實測值ΔV產生量側誤差，故使波形比較部10具有修正電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b之電阻值不一致的功能，藉此可更提高量測精確度。就電源側電壓檢測電阻5a、5b及負載側電壓檢測電阻6a、6b而言與實施型態1同樣地，使用同樣規格的電阻零件為佳。而且，藉由配置在相同基板上，可不易受到因位置所致之溫度與濕度環境的影響，可更提高量測的可靠性。In addition, in Embodiment 3, similar to Embodiment 1, when the resistance values of the power supply side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b and the load side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b are inconsistent, the resistance value will be inconsistent. The actual measurement value ΔV of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts 2a, 2b produces a quantitative error, so the waveform comparison unit 10 has a function of correcting the inconsistency of the resistance values of the power-side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b and the load-side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b. This can further improve the measurement accuracy. Regarding the power supply side voltage detection resistors 5a, 5b and the load side voltage detection resistors 6a, 6b, as in the first embodiment, it is better to use resistor parts of the same specifications. Moreover, by being arranged on the same substrate, it is less susceptible to the influence of the temperature and humidity environment caused by the location, which can further improve the reliability of the measurement.

根據實施型態3之接點部異常監視裝置及使用接點部異常監視裝置的電路斷路器，藉由比較開閉接點的電壓降的實測值與開閉接點的電壓降的正常值，就可監視接點部之異常的有無，該開閉接點的電壓降的實測值係從流通在分別連接於開閉接點之電源側及負載側之線路間的電壓檢測電阻的電流的差分所算出者，開閉接點的電壓降的正常值係從負載電流及開閉接點的接觸電阻的初期值所算出者。由於能夠以非接觸方式量測開閉接點部的電壓降，所以不會影響開閉接點間的絕緣，可提高電路斷路器的安全性。According to the contact abnormality monitoring device and the circuit breaker using the contact abnormality monitoring device of embodiment 3, it is possible to compare the actual value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contact with the normal value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contact. Monitoring the presence or absence of abnormalities in the contact part. The actual measured value of the voltage drop of the opening and closing contact is calculated from the difference of the current flowing in the voltage detection resistor between the power supply side and the load side connected to the opening and closing contact, respectively, The normal value of the voltage drop of the opening/closing contact is calculated from the initial value of the load current and the contact resistance of the opening/closing contact. Since the voltage drop of the opening and closing contacts can be measured in a non-contact manner, the insulation between the opening and closing contacts will not be affected, and the safety of the circuit breaker can be improved.

1、1a、1b、1c、1d:電路 2、2a、2b、2c、2d:開閉接點 3、3a、3b、3c、3d:變流器 4:負載電流檢測部 5、5a、5b、5c:電源側電壓檢測電阻 6、6a、6b、6c:負載側電壓檢測電阻 7:異常檢測用變流器 8:電壓降檢測部 9:警報準位設定部 10:波形比較部 11:警報部 12:跳脫裝置 Ia、Ib、Ic、Id:負載電流 V1~V8:電位 i1~i8:電流1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d: circuit 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d: open and close contacts 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d: converter 4: Load current detection section 5, 5a, 5b, 5c: power supply side voltage detection resistance 6, 6a, 6b, 6c: load side voltage detection resistor 7: Converter for abnormal detection 8: Voltage drop detection department 9: Alarm level setting section 10: Waveform comparison section 11: Alarm Department 12: Tripping device Ia, Ib, Ic, Id: load current V1~V8: Potential i1~i8: current

第1圖係本發明之實施型態1的電路斷路器的方塊圖。第2圖係顯示本發明之實施型態1的電路斷路器之動作的模擬結果。第3圖係本發明之實施型態2的電路斷路器的方塊圖。第4圖係本發明之實施型態3的電路斷路器的方塊圖。Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit breaker of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows the simulation result of the operation of the circuit breaker of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the circuit breaker of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the circuit breaker of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

1、1a、1b、1c、1d:電路 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d: circuit

2、2a、2b、2c、2d:開閉接點 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d: open and close contacts

3、3a、3b、3c、3d:變流器 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d: converter

4:負載電流檢測部 4: Load current detection section

5、5a、5b、5c:電源側電壓檢測電阻 5, 5a, 5b, 5c: power supply side voltage detection resistance

6、6a、6b、6c:負載側電壓檢測電阻 6, 6a, 6b, 6c: load side voltage detection resistor

7:異常檢測用變流器 7: Converter for abnormal detection

8:電壓降檢測部 8: Voltage drop detection department

9:警報準位設定部 9: Alarm level setting section

10:波形比較部 10: Waveform comparison section

11:警報部 11: Alarm Department

12:跳脫裝置 12: Tripping device

Ia、Ib、Ic、Id:負載電流 Ia, Ib, Ic, Id: load current

V1~V8:電位 V1~V8: Potential

i1~i8:電流 i1~i8: current

Claims

A contact abnormality monitoring device is provided with: a converter that detects the load current flowing through the circuit when the opening and closing contact that opens and closes the circuit connecting the power supply and the load is in a closed state; the load current detection unit is Output the signal of the aforementioned load current; the power-side voltage detection resistor is connected to the circuit of the aforementioned power supply side of the aforementioned switching contact; the load-side voltage detection resistor is connected to the circuit of the aforementioned load side of the aforementioned switching contact; for abnormality detection The converter detects the differential current generated by the current flowing through the power-side voltage detection resistor and the load-side voltage detection resistor; the voltage drop detection unit outputs the voltage in the switching contact based on the differential current The output signal of the actual measured value of the drop; and the waveform comparison unit, which calculates the normal value of the voltage drop based on the value of the aforementioned load current and the initial value of the contact resistance of the aforementioned opening and closing contact, and based on the aforementioned normal value of the voltage drop and the aforementioned Calculate the voltage drop differential value from the actual measured value of the voltage drop, and compare the aforementioned voltage drop differential value with the preset alarm level value. When the aforementioned voltage drop differential value exceeds the aforementioned alarm level value, determine the aforementioned open/close contact The contact resistance is abnormal, and an alarm signal is issued.

The contact abnormality monitoring device described in the first item of the scope of patent application includes an alarm unit that issues an alarm when the aforementioned alarm signal is output.

The contact abnormality monitoring device described in item 1 or 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein the initial value of the contact resistance is a preset resistance value of the open/close contact in the normal closed state, The aforementioned alarm level value is based on the allowable range of the voltage difference between the normal value of the aforementioned voltage drop of the aforementioned opening and closing contact and the actual value of the aforementioned voltage drop when the abnormality occurs. The contact abnormality monitoring device is equipped with: memorizing the aforementioned contact The initial value of the resistance and the alarm level setting section for setting the aforementioned alarm level value.

The contact abnormality monitoring device described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the power-side voltage detection resistor and the load-side voltage detection resistor use resistor parts of the same specification and are arranged on the same substrate.

The contact abnormality monitoring device described in claim 3, wherein the power-side voltage detection resistor and the load-side voltage detection resistor use resistor parts of the same specification and are arranged on the same substrate.

A circuit breaker is provided with: an opening/closing contact, which is provided in a circuit connecting a power source and a load, and which opens and closes the aforementioned power source and the aforementioned load; and a converter, when the aforementioned opening/closing contact is in a closed state, Detects the load current flowing through the aforementioned circuit; the load current detection unit outputs the signal of the aforementioned load current; the power-side voltage detection resistor is connected to the aforementioned power-supply-side circuit of the switch contact; the load-side voltage detection resistor is connected to The circuit connection on the load side of the opening and closing contact; an abnormality detection converter that detects the differential current generated by the current flowing through the power supply side voltage detection resistor and the load side voltage detection resistor; voltage drop detection unit, Based on the aforementioned differential current, it outputs an output signal that becomes the actual measured value of the voltage drop in the aforementioned switching contact; The waveform comparison unit calculates the normal value of the voltage drop based on the value of the aforementioned load current and the initial value of the contact resistance of the aforementioned opening and closing contact, and calculates the voltage drop difference based on the aforementioned normal value of the voltage drop and the actual measured value of the aforementioned voltage drop And compare the aforementioned voltage drop differential value with the preset alarm level value. When the aforementioned voltage drop differential value exceeds the aforementioned alarm level value, it is determined that the contact resistance of the aforementioned opening and closing contact is abnormal, and an alarm signal is output. ; And the tripping device, which can open the aforementioned opening and closing contacts.

The circuit breaker described in item 6 of the scope of patent application is provided with an alarm unit that issues an alarm when the aforementioned alarm signal is output.

The circuit breaker described in item 6 or 7 of the scope of patent application, wherein the initial value of the contact resistance is a preset resistance value of the opening and closing contact in the normal closed state, and the alarm level value is based on the opening and closing The allowable range of the voltage difference between the normal value of the aforementioned voltage drop of the contact and the actual measured value of the aforementioned voltage drop when the abnormality occurs, the circuit breaker is equipped with: memorizing the initial value of the aforementioned contact resistance, and setting the aforementioned alarm level value The alarm level setting section.

The circuit breaker described in item 6 or 7 of the scope of patent application, wherein the power-side voltage detection resistor and the load-side voltage detection resistor use resistor parts of the same specification and are arranged on the same substrate.

The circuit breaker described in item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the power-side voltage detection resistor and the load-side voltage detection resistor use resistor parts of the same specification and are arranged on the same substrate.