TWI792328B - 碳纖維及其製造方法 - Google Patents
碳纖維及其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI792328B TWI792328B TW110119319A TW110119319A TWI792328B TW I792328 B TWI792328 B TW I792328B TW 110119319 A TW110119319 A TW 110119319A TW 110119319 A TW110119319 A TW 110119319A TW I792328 B TWI792328 B TW I792328B
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon fiber
- oil
- oil agent
- carbon
- manufacturing
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010020112 Hirsutism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethene Chemical compound BrC=C INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004375 physisorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical class [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
- D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F9/22—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
- D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F9/22—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
- D01F9/225—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles from stabilised polyacrylonitriles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
- D02J1/223—Stretching in a liquid bath
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
- D02J1/228—Stretching in two or more steps, with or without intermediate steps
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
- D02J13/005—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass by contact with at least one rotating roll
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
- D06M15/6436—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain containing amino groups
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/26—Polymers or copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- D06M2101/28—Acrylonitrile; Methacrylonitrile
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
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Abstract
本發明提供一種碳纖維及其製造方法,其係藉由調整油劑的比例,以控制油劑表面張力與粒徑之間的關係,進而避免油劑滲透至碳纖維內部,以製得兼具有低油劑殘留量及高強度的碳纖維。
Description
本發明是關於一種碳纖維的製造方法,特別是關於一種高強度的碳纖維及其製造方法
碳纖維具有密度低、耐酸鹼腐蝕、導電性、不易熱脹冷縮,及優異的力學性質等特性,故碳纖維係廣泛地被應用於航太產業、高壓氣瓶、風力發電葉片、汽車產業、電纜芯、土木補強、運動休閒器材、軍事工業與生醫器材等領域中。近年來,隨著環保意識高漲,燃料電池車內使用之高壓氣瓶的需求急速上升,因此對於高強度之碳纖的需求亦大幅上升。當前目標係藉由提高氣瓶爆破強度來提升氫氣載量,並降低車身重量,以提升燃料電池車的續航力。
碳纖維依照原絲的原料可分成聚丙烯腈系(PAN)、嫘縈系(rayon)與瀝青系(pitch)等。習知的碳纖維製程係將上述原料經紡絲製程抽紡為原絲後,先於200℃至300℃下進行氧化及環化等穩定化處理。接著,於惰性氣體(例如氮氣、氬氣、氦氣)環境下,於300℃至2000℃的溫度下進行高溫燒成等碳化反應,以去除氮、氫和氧等非碳元素,進而製得碳纖成品。
然而,在上述穩定化處理及高溫碳化的過程中,高分子可能受熱熔化,而造成絲束之單纖維發生相互融著或原絲直接燃燒等問題,進而導致所得之碳纖維有毛羽或斷絲等缺陷。此等缺陷對於後續加工製作碳纖複材時,容易造成樹脂含浸不均、碳纖複材物性下降及外觀不佳等問題。因此,為了防止上述問題,可藉由在原絲紡絲製程中,於原絲塗佈耐高溫型油劑來改善。再者,油劑要選用可以耐受200℃以上的高溫,故通常會使用聚二甲基矽氧烷(矽油),或係經氨化改質、環氧改質或酯化改質的改質矽油。
在原絲尚未完成氧化及環化等穩定化處理之前,使矽油或改質矽油附著於原絲表面,以提供原絲耐熱性的保護效果,從而避免單纖相互融著或燃燒。然而,若油劑粒子滲透至纖維內部,則後端高溫燒成時會反應生成氧化矽(SiO
x)、碳化矽(SiC)、氮化矽(Si
xN
y)等矽化物。此類矽化物殘留於碳纖內部時,會阻礙碳-碳之間的鍵結而無法形成石墨結構,產生結構缺陷,進而造成碳纖維的強度下降。此外,矽化物作為碳纖維內部的雜質,於碳纖維受力時,會發生應力集中而導致碳纖維物性下降,且矽化物硬度較高,亦會於碳纖維內產生磨損而擴大缺陷尺寸,則碳纖維物性可能進一步下降。
有鑑於此,亟須提供一種碳纖維的製造方法,可維持原絲附油率,並可避免油劑殘留於碳纖維內部,以同時避免單纖融著及燃燒的缺陷,且可製造具有高強度的碳纖維。
本發明之一態樣是提供一種碳纖維的製造方法,其係藉由調控油劑的表面張力與粒徑的關係,來減少油劑滲透至碳纖維內部,以製得具有高強度的碳纖維。
本發明之另一態樣是提供一種碳纖維,其係藉由上述態樣所製得,而兼具有低油劑殘留量及高強度的碳纖維。
根據本發明之一態樣,提供一種碳纖維的製造方法。方法包含溶解聚丙烯腈共聚高分子於溶劑中,以獲得紡絲原液。接著,對紡絲原液進行凝絲製程,以獲得絲束。然後,利用油劑對絲束進行上油製程,以獲得附油原絲。此油劑之表面張力(σ)與油劑粒徑(R)的關係係符合下式:20 < σ +(R/2)
0.5< 60。對附油原絲進行乾燥緻密製程,以獲得碳纖原絲。接著,對碳纖原絲進行燒成製程,以獲得碳纖維。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述聚丙烯腈共聚高分子之極限黏度為1.5至3.5。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述絲束之孔徑為20 nm至140 nm。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述油劑包含矽油、水及乳化劑。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述油劑粒徑係10 nm至500 nm。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述表面張力係20 mN/m至70 mN/m。
根據本發明之另一態樣,提供一種碳纖維,其係藉由上述態樣所製得。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述碳纖維中的矽殘留量為500 ppm至2500 ppm。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述碳纖維之內部矽含量及表面矽含量的比值係0.7以下。
根據本發明之一實施例,上述碳纖維之強度為5000 MPa以上。
應用本發明之碳纖維的製造方法及所製得之碳纖維,其藉由調控油劑的表面張力與粒徑的關係,而減少油劑滲透至碳纖維內部,以製得兼具有低油劑殘留量及高強度的碳纖維。
承上所述,本發明提供一種碳纖維的製造方法及所製得之碳纖維,其藉由調控油劑的表面張力與粒徑的關係,而減少油劑滲透至碳纖維內部,以製得兼具有低油劑殘留量及高強度的碳纖維。
請參閱圖1,其係繪示根據本發明一些實施例之碳纖維的製造方法100的流程圖。首先,進行操作100,溶解聚丙烯腈共聚高分子於溶劑中,以獲得紡絲原液。在一些實施例中,聚丙烯腈共聚高分子係利用丙烯腈與一至三種共聚單體所混合之單體溶液進行共聚合反應所製得。在一些實施例中,為了提升碳纖維的物性,丙烯腈濃度較佳係大於或等於95 wt%,且共聚單體之總濃度較佳為小於5 wt%。
在一些實施例中,共聚單體為含有不飽和鍵的單體,例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯醯胺、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸異丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸異丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸異丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正已酯、甲基丙烯酸環己酯、衣康酸、檸檬酸、馬來酸、中康酸、巴豆酸、甲基丙烯酸-2-羥基乙酯、苯乙烯、乙烯基甲基、乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、溴化乙烯、氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯、烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸,及上述化合物的胺鹽或酯類衍生物。在一具體例中,基於丙烯腈共聚高分子於溶劑中的溶解性、對纖維的緻密性,以及在穩定化製程中促進氧化反應的功能性而言,共聚單體較佳為衣康酸。
在一些實施例中,上述單體溶液可藉由溶液聚合法、懸浮聚合法或乳化聚合法的方式進行聚合反應。聚合反應所製得的聚丙烯腈共聚高分子還須去除未反應之單體、起始劑殘留物及過度反應的高聚物等雜質。在一些實施例中,基於碳纖維原絲的可延伸性及碳纖維的物性,聚丙烯腈共聚高分子的極限黏度為1.5至3.5。須理解的是,聚丙烯腈共聚高分子的極限黏度取決於其分子量。當極限黏度在1.5至3.5時,高分子的強度始足以進行高倍率延伸,故可獲得高強度的碳纖維。再者,在此黏度範圍內的高分子溶解性佳,較不易產生斷絲。
在一些實施例中,操作110所使用之溶液可為二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基亞碸等有機溶劑,或二氯化鋅及硫氰酸鈉等無機鹽類水溶液。在一具體例中,為了避免金屬殘留而影響碳纖維的物性,且基於溶劑的溶解能力,溶劑較佳為二甲基亞碸。在一些實施例中,紡絲原液的高分子濃度為18 wt%至25 wt%。若高分子濃度在前述範圍內,則紡絲原液可承受後續製程的高倍率延伸,且所製得碳纖維之強度較高,再者,紡絲原液具有較佳的均勻性,適當的黏度及流動性,故紡絲製程的穩定性佳,可穩定生產碳纖維。
接著,進行操作120,對紡絲原液進行凝絲製程,以獲得絲束。凝絲製程係將上述紡絲原液經圓型吐出孔的紡絲嘴,於凝絲槽中吐出,而凝固成絲束的製程。在一些實施例中,凝絲製程可為乾噴濕紡或濕噴濕紡,其係根據碳纖維的後續應用來選擇。在一些實施例中,凝絲製程的凝絲槽包含之溶劑係與紡絲原液之溶劑相同。凝絲槽之溶液濃度係取決於溶劑種類及生產製程。在一些實施例中,例如以二甲基亞碸為溶劑,溶液之濃度為20 wt%至50 wt%。溶液濃度在前述範圍時,聚丙烯腈共聚高分子由紡絲原液中析出凝固的速度較適當,使絲束可完全凝絲,不會造成碳纖維結構疏鬆,表面孔洞尺寸佳,且不會在進行水洗及延伸時產生單纖黏著。一般而言,降低凝絲溫度有利於提升纖維的緻密性,在一些實施例中,凝絲溫度應小於40℃。
接著,可選擇性地將絲束以5倍以下的延伸倍率進行拉伸,然後,經過水洗槽置換溶劑後再進行拉伸。補充說明的是,一般而言,凝絲製程後所獲得的是初生纖維,初生纖維經過水洗槽拉伸後稱為絲束或原絲。在一些實施例中,在水洗槽中的延伸倍率應低於5倍,且較佳係以多段延伸的方式進行。在一些實施例中,水洗槽的槽液可與凝絲槽的溶劑相同。一般而言,在不會造成單纖黏著的情況下應盡可能提高水洗溫度,在一些實施例中,水洗槽溫度係大於70℃,較佳為大於90℃。為了避免溶劑殘留而形成孔洞,以沸水為槽液為更佳。上述延伸倍率、水洗槽的槽液濃度及溫度皆可用以調整纖維的孔洞大小。在一些實施例中,絲束在經過水洗後的孔徑為20 nm至140 nm。具有前述孔徑範圍的絲束表示絲束表面不會過於緻密或鬆散,因此在後續穩定化處理時可有效使氧氣擴散至纖維內部,且碳纖維強度較高。
接著,進行操作130,利用油劑對絲束進行上油製程,以獲得附油原絲。油劑的表面張力(σ)與油劑粒徑(R)的關係式須在特定範圍內,如下式(1):
20 < σ +(R/2)
0.5< 60 (1)
當上述式(1)的數值小於20時,則碳纖維內的油劑殘留量可能太高,進而導致碳纖維強度下降。反之,若基於上述式(1)的數值大於60時,則在生產過程中易產生斷絲,無法穩定生產。在一些實施例中,油劑包含矽油、水及乳化劑。在一些實施例中,矽油為氨化改質矽油。可藉由調整矽油的分子量及氨化程度,或藉由調整油劑中乳化劑的濃度或油劑的溫度,以調整油劑的表面張力。在一些實施例中,油劑的表面張力係20 mN/m至70 mN/m,則油劑可較適量的滲透至纖維內部。在一些實施例中,若使用氨化改質矽油時,可以聚環氧乙烷及聚環氧丙烷共聚物為乳化劑。舉例而言,可利用均質機將矽油及乳化劑均勻分散於水中而形成乳化液滴分散均勻之油劑,其中油劑液滴的粒徑(R)可藉由控制氨化改質矽油與乳化劑的混合比例來進行調整。一般而言,乳化劑比例愈高時,油劑粒徑愈小。在一些實施例中,油劑粒徑係10 nm至500 nm。油劑粒徑不須特別對應碳纖維的孔徑作調整,因此較易配置具有此粒徑範圍的油劑。舉例而言,基於油劑為100重量份,矽油佔10重量份至60重量份,乳化劑佔10重量份至40 重量份,且水佔30重量份至80重量份。
然後,進行操作140,對附油原絲進行乾燥緻密製程,以獲得碳纖原絲。一般而言,乾燥緻密製程係利用熱滾輪進行。乾燥緻密製程的溫度係根據纖維的含水率而調整,在一些實施例中,其溫度為100℃至200℃。
接著,在乾燥緻密製程之後,可選擇性地進行二次延伸製程。二次延伸製程可利用高溫熱滾輪、高溫熱板或於高溫高壓的蒸汽內進行拉伸。在一些實施例中,二次延伸的延伸倍率係大於或等於2倍。
最後,進行操作150,對碳纖原絲進行燒成製程,以獲得碳纖維。燒成製程包含穩定化處理、碳化處理、表面處理及上漿等四段步驟。穩定化處理係在200℃至300℃的空氣環境下,以適當的張力控制碳纖原絲。在一些實施例中,經過穩定化處理的碳纖維密度為1.30 g/cm
3至1.40 g/cm
3。接著,再將碳纖維於惰性環境中進行高溫碳化。在一些實施例中,碳化處理的溫度係大於1000℃,較佳係大於2000℃。然後,對碳纖維進行表面處理,以提升碳纖維與樹脂的結合能力。在一些實施例中,表面處理包含利用化學接枝、電漿處理、電解處理及臭氧處理等方法。最後,將表面處理後的碳纖維經水洗並乾燥後,再以含浸方式進行上漿。上漿步驟可提供碳纖維耐磨性及集束性等保護效果。
在一些實施例中,方法100所製得之碳纖維可具有大於5000MPa的強度。在一些實施例中,方法100所製得之碳纖維中的矽元素殘留量係500 ppm至2500 ppm,較佳係500 ppm至2000 ppm。當矽殘留量為前述範圍時,原絲有適當的附油率,則不僅油劑對碳纖維之耐磨、耐熱及集束性等保護效果較佳,油劑粒子也不易大量滲透至纖維內部,因此生產過程中較不易產生毛羽及斷絲等缺陷。
在一些實施例中,方法100所製得之碳纖維內部矽含量及表面矽含量的比值係0.7以下,較佳係0.5以下,更佳係0.3至0.5。當碳纖維內部矽含量及表面矽含量的比值係0.7以下時,沒有過量的油劑由纖維表面滲透至纖維內部,即可解決習知過多油劑滲透之缺陷。補充說明的是,上述之碳纖維內部係指距離表面深度約0.5 μm。
以下利用數個實施例以說明本發明之應用,然其並非用以限定本發明,本發明技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾。
實施例1
以二甲基亞碸為溶劑,單體濃度為98wt%的丙烯腈與2 wt%的衣康酸進行溶液共聚合反應。反應後的紡絲原液的高分子含量為22 wt%。紡絲原液由紡絲嘴於空氣中吐出後,引絲進入凝絲槽進行凝絲製程,以獲得絲束,其中凝絲槽的溫度為3℃,槽液為35 wt%的二甲基亞碸水溶液。絲束經水洗後,於沸水中分二段進行總倍率為3.5倍的延伸後,利用油劑於油劑槽中進行上油,以獲得附油原絲,其中油劑濃度為1.5 wt%,溫度為30℃。此油劑係由80 wt%氨化改質矽油及20 wt%之聚環氧乙烷及聚環氧丙烷共聚物(乳化劑)以均質機乳化為水溶液。附油原絲再以溫度為175℃的熱滾輪進行乾燥緻密,並於高壓蒸汽中進行3.5倍的延伸後製得碳纖原絲。
上述碳纖原絲於空氣環境中由240℃逐漸升溫至280℃,並控制前後牽引滾輪的速度比為1.0,以維持纖維張力的條件下進行穩定化處理。經穩定化處理後的纖維密度為1.35 g/cm
3。然後,將前述纖維於氮氣中由300℃逐漸升溫至800℃,並控制前後牽引滾輪的速度比為0.9,以進行低溫碳化,再將溫度由900℃逐漸升溫至1800℃,並控制前後牽引滾輪的速度比為0.95,以進行高溫碳化。然後,將纖維引入酸性溶液中進行電解表面處理,最後經水洗、乾燥並上漿,即可製得實施例1的碳纖維。
實施例 2 至 3 及比較例 1 至 2
將油劑槽的油劑濃度提高為3.5 wt%,其他製程條件與實施例1相同,以獲得實施例2的碳纖維。
將凝絲槽濃度降低至20 wt%,凝絲槽溫度提高至15℃,並將水洗延伸的總倍率降低為2.5倍,其他製程條件與實施例2相同,以獲得實施例3的碳纖維。
將油劑組成變更為90 wt%的氨化改質矽油及10 wt%的聚環氧乙烷及聚環氧丙烷共聚物,其他製程條件與實施例1相同,以獲得比較例1的碳纖維。
將油劑組成變更為90 wt%的氨化改質矽油及10 wt%的聚環氧乙烷及聚環氧丙烷共聚物,並將油劑槽溫度提高至40℃,其他製程條件與實施例1相同,以獲得比較例2的碳纖維。
評價方式 纖維孔徑
將經過水洗,但尚未上油的纖維樣品,以90℃烘乾2小時之後,利用比表面積與孔徑分析儀(BET)進行檢驗(3Flex Physisorption, Micromeritics)。檢驗結果如以下表1所示。
油劑粒徑
利用雷射粒徑分析儀(dynamic light scattering, DLS)(Brookhaven NanoBrook Omni)檢測油劑粒徑。檢驗結果如以下表1所示。
油劑表面張力
利用表面張力儀(K100C, KRÜSS GmbH)檢測油劑的表面張力。檢驗結果如以下表1所示。
碳纖維的矽殘留量
將碳纖維經過硝化處理(溶解於硝酸中)後,利用感應耦合電漿光學發射光譜儀(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES)(Ultima2, Horiba)檢驗碳纖維中的矽殘留量。檢驗結果如以下表1所示。
碳纖維內外層的矽雜質含量比(I/S)
利用X射線光電子能譜儀(XPS)(PHI VersaProbe III)檢驗碳纖維的表面矽含量(S)。然後,直接利用離子蝕刻(ion gun etching)檢驗原樣品,以量測距表面深度0.5 μm處的內層矽含量 (I)。碳纖維內外層的矽雜質含量比(I/S)即為內層矽含量 (I)與表面矽含量(S)的比值。檢驗結果如以下表1所示。
碳纖維強度
依據ASTM D 4018-99的規範進行檢驗。檢驗結果如以下表1所示。
如表1所示,實施例1至3所用的油劑之液滴粒徑和表面張力的關係皆符合式(1),可看出實施例1至3的矽殘留量都小於1400 ppm,內部矽含量對表面矽含量的比值(I/S)係小於0.7,甚至小於0.5,且碳纖維強度皆在5000 MPa以上。再者,實施例3的纖維孔徑雖遠大於油劑粒徑,但由其I/S值可看出,油劑並沒有大量滲透至內部的情形。比較例1及2調整油劑的組成比例,其中比較例1的油劑粒徑及表面張力皆上升,且其基於式(1)所算得之數值係大於60,故雖然比較例1的矽殘留量及I/S都很小,但生產過程中產生許多斷絲,根本無法穩定生產;反之,比較例2的油劑粒徑及表面張力皆下降,且其基於式(1)所算得之數值係小於20,結果比較例2雖然可以正常生產,但矽殘留量及I/S值皆顯著地上升,且所得之碳纖維的強度遠小於5000 MPa。
根據上述實施例,應用本發明之碳纖維的製造方法100所製得之碳纖維,其係藉由調整油劑的組成比例,以控制油劑表面張力與粒徑之間的關係,而減少油劑滲透至碳纖維內部,以製得兼具有低油劑殘留量及高強度的碳纖維。
雖然本發明已以數個實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,在本發明所屬技術領域中任何具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100:方法
110,120,130,140,150:操作
根據以下詳細說明並配合附圖閱讀,使本揭露的態樣獲致較佳的理解。需注意的是,如同業界的標準作法,許多特徵並不是按照比例繪示的。事實上,為了進行清楚討論,許多特徵的尺寸可以經過任意縮放。
[圖1] 係繪示根據本發明一些實施例之碳纖維的製造方法的流程圖。
國內寄存資訊(請依寄存機構、日期、號碼順序註記)
無
國外寄存資訊(請依寄存國家、機構、日期、號碼順序註記)
無
100:方法
110,120,130,140,150:操作
Claims (8)
- 一種碳纖維的製造方法,包括:溶解聚丙烯腈共聚高分子於一溶劑中,以獲得一紡絲原液;對該紡絲原液進行一凝絲製程,以獲得一絲束;利用一油劑對該絲束進行上油製程,以獲得一附油原絲,其中該油劑之一油劑粒徑係10nm至500nm,該油劑之一表面張力係20mN/m至70mN/m,且該表面張力(σ)與該油劑粒徑(R)的關係如下式:20<σ+(R/2)0.5<60;對該附油原絲進行一乾燥緻密製程,以獲得一碳纖原絲;以及對該碳纖原絲進行一燒成製程,以獲得該碳纖維。
- 如請求項1所述之碳纖維的製造方法,其中該聚丙烯腈共聚高分子之一極限黏度為1.5至3.5。
- 如請求項1所述之碳纖維的製造方法,其中該絲束之一孔徑為20nm至140nm。
- 如請求項1所述之碳纖維的製造方法,其中該油劑包含矽油、一乳化劑及水。
- 一種碳纖維,係由如請求項1至4中之任 項所述之製造方法所製得。
- 如請求項5所述之碳纖維,其中該碳纖維中的矽殘留量為500ppm至2500ppm。
- 如請求項5所述之碳纖維,其中該碳纖維之一內部矽含量及一表面矽含量的一比值係0.7以下。
- 如請求項5所述之碳纖維,其中該碳纖維之一強度為大於5000MPa。
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