TWI787511B - 閉塞動脈瘤的編織物以及治療動脈瘤的系統 - Google Patents
閉塞動脈瘤的編織物以及治療動脈瘤的系統 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本揭露係關於一種用於治療動脈瘤的編織物。該編織物包括近側可擴張部分,該近側可擴張部分用於定位於該動脈瘤內側,並用於橫跨該動脈瘤的頸部而密封。該編織物亦可包括在該近側可擴張部分遠側的遠側可擴張部分,該遠側可擴張部分用於填充該動脈瘤。
Description
本揭露係關於醫療儀器,更具體地,係關於用於動脈瘤治療的遞送系統。
動脈瘤可係複雜且難以治療的。例如,當動脈瘤位於關鍵組織附近時,治療通路可能受到限制或不可用。由於圍繞顱內血管的腦組織對應的受限的治療通路,此類因素與顱內動脈瘤特別有關。
先前解決方案已包括血管內治療通路,據此動脈瘤囊的內部體積被移除或排除在動脈血壓及血流之外。在此方面,因為動脈瘤的內壁可能繼續經受血流及相關的壓力,動脈瘤破裂仍然是可能的。
血管內或其他外科方法的替代方案可包括閉塞裝置。此類裝置通常具有合併的多個栓塞線圈,該等線圈使用微導管遞送系統將其遞送至脈管系統。例如,當治療顱內動脈瘤時,通常首先通過髖部或腹股溝區的股動脈將具有栓塞線圈的遞送導管插入非顱內脈管系統。然後,將導管引導至顱內的關注位置。然後,動脈瘤的囊中可以填充有栓塞材料以形成血栓塊,該血栓塊保護動脈壁免於血流及相關壓力。然而,此類閉塞裝置確實具有某些缺點(包括質量效應),其可導致大腦及其神經受到壓迫。
一種特定類型的閉塞方法藉由將裝置植入動脈瘤的載瘤血管中來致力於遞送和治療動脈瘤的入口或「頸部(neck)」而不是動脈瘤的體積。在此類「頸部」方法中,藉由使橫跨頸部的血流最小化,然後可實現進入動脈瘤中的流動停止。繼而,血栓塊可以自然形成,而不必遞送栓塞材料至動脈瘤囊,如前所述。該方法比由栓塞材料形成的塊更加優選,因為天然塊可以通過減少動脈壁可能的擴張來改善癒合,並且允許沿著動脈瘤的頸部平面重新整合到原始載瘤血管形狀中。應當理解,頸部平面係一假想的表面,其中載瘤壁的最內層將係動脈瘤所在的位置。然而,頸部閉塞方法,諸如在載瘤血管中植入阻流裝置,並非沒有缺點。此類方法可能阻礙血液流入周圍血管,同時阻塞載瘤血管中的動脈瘤頸部。如果血管的開口被阻塞,則阻止流向周圍血管的流動可能無意中導致嚴重損壞。
本揭露的解決方案解決所屬技術領域的此等及其他問題。
在一些實施例中,本揭露涉及用於治療一動脈瘤的一自擴張(self-expanding)編織物。該編織物包括一近側可擴張部分,其定位於該動脈瘤內,並且橫跨該動脈瘤的一頸部而密封。該編織物亦包括一遠側可擴張部分,其在該近側可擴張部分遠側,該遠側可擴張部分填充該動脈瘤,且對該近側部分提供一向外的力,使其在該動脈瘤中保持在定位。
在一些實施例中,該編織物可以從一微導管內的一塌縮狀態移動到該微導管遠側的一展開狀態。
在一些實施例中,在該展開狀態下,該近側可擴張部分形成繞著該動脈瘤的該頸部而密封的一環形擴張區段,且該遠側可擴張部分形成用於填充該動脈瘤的一遠側囊。該環形擴張區段可以由單個連續部分或多個單獨的離散部分(例如,從編織物的近側端延伸的多個擴張部分)形成。
在一些實施例中,該近側可擴張部分的孔隙度可小於該遠側可擴張部分的孔隙度。各別的該等孔隙度由間隙尺寸、編織角、熱處理、及/或覆蓋物來界定。
在一些實施例中,該遠側囊可以成形為球形、鞍形、橢圓形或任何其他形狀。該遠側囊也可以是一可塌縮的籠狀血管閉塞結構。
在一些實施例中,該環形擴張區段可形成該遠側囊的一下端、繞著該遠側囊的該下端倒置、且圍繞該遠側囊的該下端。在一些實施例中,該環形擴張區段覆蓋該遠側囊(例如,覆蓋該遠側囊外部)。該遠側囊的外端或部分可以定向成壓抵該環形擴張區段的該內表面。當該編織物擴張成該展開狀態時,該遠側囊的外端或部分可以定向成壓抵該近側區段。當該遠側囊壓抵該環形區段時(包括抵靠該環形擴張區段的該內表面),可以在該環形擴張區段與該遠側囊之間形成一空隙或一空腔。當該環形擴張區段繞著該遠側囊倒置時,也可以在該環形擴張區段與該遠側囊之間形成一空隙或一空腔。
在一些實施例中,該編織物亦包括設置在該近側可擴張部分與該遠側可擴張部分之間的一錐形區段。在此方面,該近側可擴張部分可包括孔隙度低於該錐形區段及/或該遠側可擴張部分的孔隙度。該近側可擴張部分可包括相對於該錐形區段及/或該遠側可擴張部分的編織角的一增加的編織角。該錐形區段亦可包括比該近側可擴張部分及/或該遠側可擴張部分更少的線區段。在此方面,該近側可擴張部分、該遠側可擴張部分及/或該錐形區段可具有不同的編織特性。
在一些實施例中,一帶扣部分可包括在該編織物中,該帶扣部分界定在該錐形區段與該近側可擴張部分或該遠側可擴張部分之間。
在一些實施例中,該編織物具有一開放的遠側端,並且該編織物的一近側端係經附接至可與一遞送管可拆卸地連接的一鎖定部分。
在一些實施例中,揭露了一種用於治療一動脈瘤的系統。該系統包括一微導管、平移地設置在該微導管中的一遞送管、以及本揭露的一編織物。該編織物可以可拆卸地連接到該遞送管,並且以一塌縮狀態可滑動地設置在該微導管內,並且從該微導管內可向遠側平移成一展開狀態。當該編織物的該遠側端向遠側離開該微導管時,該編織物(包括該遠側可擴張部分及/或該近側可擴張部分)可以擴張成該展開狀態。
在一些實施例中,當該編織物從該微導管向遠側平移且該編織物推抵該動脈瘤壁時,該環形擴張區段覆蓋該遠側囊外部。
在一些實施例中,該系統可包括不透射線的實體,諸如編織到該編織物中的鉑線或具有鉑的拉伸填充管線,使得該裝置可在螢光鏡檢查下成像。包括這些實體將允許最終使用者理解和可視化該編織物相對於該動脈瘤的位置。該遠側囊及/或該環形擴張區段的定向及/或位置可藉由該編織物在該微導管中向遠側或向近側移動來調整。
在一些實施例中,該系統亦包括附接到該編織物的一近側端的一鎖定部分。在該塌縮狀態中,該鎖定部分可以附接到該遞送管的一遠側端。在該展開狀態下,該鎖定部分可以從該遞送管上拆下,並且該編織物可以在該動脈瘤中拆下。
在一些實施例中,亦揭露了一種用於將一閉塞裝置遞送到一動脈瘤的方法。該方法可包括:將該編織物的一近側端附接到一遞送管的一遠側端;將一編織物定位在一微導管內;選擇性地將具有經附接的遞送管的該編織物定位在該脈管系統中(例如在該動脈瘤的該頸部);藉由該遞送管將編織物從一微導管向遠側滑動朝向動脈瘤,從而在該動脈瘤內側使一遠側可擴張部分擴張,以形成一遠側囊,並且在該編織物的一近側端處繞著該遠側囊形成一環形擴張區段;釋離該編織物,並且從該動脈瘤中抽出該遞送管和該微導管。
在一些實施例中,藉由形成該遠側囊來填充該動脈瘤。
在一些實施例中,將該編織物選擇性地定位包含將該微導管的一遠側端放置在該動脈瘤的該頸部處。
在一些實施例中,該遠側可擴張部分在該環形擴張區段形成時同時擴張。
在一些實施例中,該近側區段在該遠側區段擴張之後擴張。
在一些實施例中,該方法亦包括將該鎖定部分附接在該編織物的該近側端和該遞送管的該遠側端處;且藉由該鎖定部分將該遞送管自該編織物釋離。
在一些實施例中,該方法亦包括擴張該環形擴張區段,使得該環形擴張區段覆蓋該遠側囊的一外表面。
在一些實施例中,該方法亦包括當該編織物向遠側平移到該動脈瘤中時,將該遠側囊的一或多個外端壓抵該環形擴張區段(例如,該環形擴張區段的該內表面)。
在一些實施例中,該方法亦包括當該遠側囊壓抵該環形擴張區段的該內表面時,在該環形擴張區段與該遠側囊之間形成一空隙或一空腔。
在一些實施例中,該方法亦包括當該環形擴張區段繞著該閉塞囊的該外表面倒置時,在該環形擴張區段與該遠側囊之間形成一空隙或一空腔。
在一些實施例中,該方法亦包括在該近側可擴張部分與該遠側可擴張部分之間形成一錐形區段。該方法亦可包括使該近側可擴張部分的孔隙度小於該錐形區段及/或該遠側可擴張部分的孔隙度;將該近側可擴張區段定位成與該動脈瘤的一頸部相鄰或連通;以及使進入該動脈瘤的一流動偏轉、轉向及/或減慢。該方法亦可包括使該近側可擴張部分的可撓性小 於該錐形區段及/或該遠側可擴張部分的可撓性;將該近側可擴張區段定位成與該動脈瘤的一頸部相鄰或連通;以及使進入該動脈瘤的一流動偏轉、轉向及/或減慢。在一些實施例中,該遠側囊藉由提供血液必須流過的另一個編織層來提供附加的流動轉向效應。該遠側囊的該環形區段和近側端亦可提供增加的流動轉向效應,因為血液必須流過包含微孔的網狀結構的附加層(例如,三層)。
在一些實施例中,揭露了一種使用一編織物治療一動脈瘤的方法。該方法可包括將該編織物定位在該動脈瘤內側;將該編織物向遠側移動到該動脈瘤中;將該編織物的一近側可擴張部分從一塌縮狀態擴張成一擴張狀態,從而密封該動脈瘤的一頸部;並且在該動脈瘤內側擴張該編織物的一遠側可擴張部分,以形成一遠側囊,從而填充該動脈瘤。
在一些實施例中,使該編織物的該近側可擴張部分擴張的步驟可包括在該編織物的一近側端處繞著該遠側囊形成一環形擴張區段。
在一些實施例中,該方法可包括繞著該遠側囊的一外表面覆蓋該環形件;並且當該編織物擴張成該展開狀態時,使該遠側囊的外端壓抵該環形區段的該內表面,以將該裝置固定在該動脈瘤壁上。
在一些實施例中,該方法可包括當該遠側囊壓抵該環形區段時,在該環形擴張區段與該遠側囊之間形成一空隙或一空腔。
在一些實施例中,該方法可包括在該近側可擴張部分與該遠側可擴張部分之間形成一錐形區段。該方法亦可包括使該近側可擴張部分的孔隙度小於該錐形區段及/或該遠側可擴張部分的孔隙度;以及使進入該動脈瘤的一流動偏轉、轉向及/或減慢。該方法亦可包括使該近側可擴張部分的可撓性小於該錐形區段及/或該遠側可擴張部分的可撓性;以及使進入該動脈瘤的一流動偏轉、轉向及/或減慢。
在結合附圖查看以下詳細描述之後,本揭露的其他態樣及特徵對於所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將變得顯而易見。
3‧‧‧環形擴張區段;區段
5‧‧‧錐形區段;區段
5a‧‧‧區段
9‧‧‧空隙或空腔
10‧‧‧編織物
10a‧‧‧編織物
12‧‧‧遠側可擴張部分;部分;區段;遠側囊
12a‧‧‧替代部分;部分
13‧‧‧近側可擴張部分;部分;區段
14‧‧‧遠側端;端
14a‧‧‧遠側端
16‧‧‧近側端;端
20‧‧‧微導管
24‧‧‧遠側端;端
26‧‧‧近側端;端
30‧‧‧遞送管;管
34‧‧‧遠側端;端;遠側遞送端
36‧‧‧近側端;端
38‧‧‧可壓縮部分
40‧‧‧遞送系統;系統
52‧‧‧鎖定構件
54‧‧‧鎖定部分
58‧‧‧環線
60‧‧‧開口
62‧‧‧遠端
900‧‧‧方法
905‧‧‧步驟
910‧‧‧步驟
915‧‧‧步驟
920‧‧‧步驟
925‧‧‧步驟
930‧‧‧步驟
1000‧‧‧方法
1005‧‧‧步驟
1010‧‧‧步驟
1015‧‧‧步驟
A‧‧‧動脈瘤
BV‧‧‧血管
F‧‧‧力
現在將參照附圖,附圖不一定按比例繪製。
〔圖1〕示出了部署到動脈瘤中的本揭露的實例閉塞裝置。
〔圖2A〕是具有在微導管內塌縮的閉塞裝置的例示性遞送系統的示意性側視圖。
〔圖2B〕是具有在微導管內遠側部署的閉塞裝置的例示性遞送系統的示意性側視圖。
〔圖3〕是圖1至圖2所示處於擴張狀態的編織物的放大示意性側視圖。
〔圖4〕是本揭露的編織物的另一實施例的放大示意性側視圖。
〔圖5A〕是在編織物被推入實例動脈瘤中時圖1至圖3的遞送系統和編織物的放大示意性側視圖。
〔圖5B〕是在編織物被推入實例動脈瘤中時圖1至圖3的遞送系統和編織物的放大示意性側視圖。
〔圖6A〕是在編織物被推入實例動脈瘤中時圖1至圖3的遞送系統和編織物的放大示意性側視圖。
〔圖6B〕是在編織物被推入實例動脈瘤中時圖1至圖3的遞送系統和編織物的放大示意性側視圖。
〔圖7A〕係示出與實例閉塞裝置一起使用的例示性遞送系統的透視示意圖。
〔圖7B〕為圖7A的透視示意圖,但是具有遞送系統和閉塞裝置的部分橫截面。
〔圖8A〕為圖7A至圖7B的透視示意圖,部署有遞送系統和閉塞裝置的部分橫截面。
〔圖8B〕為圖7A至圖7B的透視示意圖,部署有與閉塞裝置分離的例示性遞送系統。
〔圖9〕係遞送閉塞裝置的方法的流程圖。
〔圖10〕為遞送閉塞裝置的方法的流程圖。
儘管本文詳細解釋所揭示技術的實例實施例,但應當理解可設想其他實施例。因此,並不旨在將所揭示技術的範圍限制在以下描述中闡述的或附圖中繪示的組件的構造及配置的細節。所揭示技術能夠具有其他實施例且能夠以各種方式實踐或實施。
亦應注意的是,除非上下文清楚地指明,否則本說明書及所附申請專利範圍中所用的單數形式「一(a/an)」及「該(the)」包括複數指代物。所謂「包含(comprising)」或「含有(containing)」或「包括(including)」係指至少命名的化合物、元素、粒子、或方法步驟存在於組成物或物品或方法中,但不排除存在其他化合物、材料、粒子、方法步驟,即使其他此類化合物、材料、粒子、方法步驟具有與命名的彼等相同的功能。
在描述實例實施例時,為了清楚起見,將採用術語。旨在使各術語設想所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者理解的最廣泛的含義,且包括以類似方式操作以完成類似目的的所有技術等同物。亦應理解,提到方法的一或多個步驟不排除存在附加的方法步驟或在彼等明確識別的步驟之間的中間方法步驟。在不脫離所揭示技術的範圍的情況下,可以與本文所述的順序不同的順序執行方法的步驟。類似地,亦應理解,提到裝置或系統中 的一或多個組件不排除存在附加的組件或在彼等明確識別的組件之間的中間組件。
如本文所討論的,脈管系統可係任何「對象(subject)」或「患者(patient)」(包括任何人或動物)的脈管系統。應當理解,動物可係各種任何適用的類型,包括但不限於哺乳動物、獸醫動物、家畜動物、或寵物類動物等。作為一實例,動物可係專門選擇具有與人類相似的某些特性的實驗動物(例如,鼠、狗、豬、猴、或類似者)。應當理解,對象可係例如任何適用的人類患者。
如本文所討論的,「操作者(operator)」可包括醫生、外科醫生、或與將編織物本體遞送至對象的脈管系統相關聯的任何其他個體或遞送儀器。
相關地,橫跨動脈瘤頸部署的流動轉向器可改變血液進入動脈瘤的流動。實例流動轉向器可係具有相對低孔隙度的編織裝置。隨著時間的推移,動脈瘤可藉由以高成功率密封動脈瘤頸來治癒。然而,流動轉向技術並非沒有限制。挑戰包括由於血管形態、血管扭曲或編織錯位而在血管內放置裝置。此外,接收流動轉向器的患者必須長時間使用抗凝藥物以防止血管血栓形成。血管內裝置還旨在切斷動脈瘤中的循環,同時最小化血管中的金屬量並顯著減少或消除對凝血藥物的需要。此等類型的裝置亦可較易於在病變部位追蹤及/或部署。
本文揭露的裝置和系統藉由使用單個裝置密封動脈瘤頸部,在動脈瘤而不是載瘤血管中來解決先前方法的這些和其他缺點。回到圖1,本揭露的實例編織物10被示出為部署在血管BV的動脈瘤A中但尚未從遞送系統40釋離。遞送系統40可包括遞送管30可滑動地設置在其中的微導管20。如圖1所示,編織物10可以由遞送管30從微導管20內的塌縮狀態移動 到微導管20遠側的展開狀態。遞送管30的遠側端34可以通過鎖定部分54附接到編織物10的近側端16,如下文更具體地描述者。
在圖1中,微導管20已經被遞送到動脈瘤A的頸部,並且由編織物10的遠側可擴張部分12形成的遠側囊被示出為填充動脈瘤A。部分12可以從遠側囊徑向擴張成預定的形狀和結構,該形狀和結構描畫動脈瘤A的壁的輪廓並支撐動脈瘤A的壁。例如,部分12的遠側囊可以成形為球形、鞍形、橢圓形或任何其他形狀。部分12的遠側囊也可以是可塌縮的籠狀血管閉塞結構。還示出了由近側可擴張部分13形成的環形擴張區段3,部分13在部分12的近側。可繞著動脈瘤A的頸部形成區段3。在一些實施例中,區段3可以用於定位在動脈瘤A的頸部內側並橫跨動脈瘤的頸部而密封。區段3可以由單個連續部分(例如,單個整體形成的網)或多個單獨的離散部分(例如,能夠從編織物10的近側端16擴張和延伸的複數個離散部分)形成。
當移動到展開狀態時,部分13可以擴張並且繞著及/或圍繞部分12之遠側囊的下近側端形成環形擴張區段3。例如,環形擴張區段3可以繞著及/或圍繞錐形區段5形成,該錐形區段可以定位在部分12與13之間。儘管僅示出了部分12和13與錐形區段5互連,但是根據需要或要求可以包括任何數量的附加可擴張部分及/或區段。編織物10由可由網形成的多個自擴張多細絲區段形成。編織物10亦可包括帶扣部分,用於促進部分12及/或13在動脈瘤內部從塌縮狀態擴張成展開狀態。一或多個帶扣部分可定位在部分12與13之間,包括在錐形區段5上或其周圍。編織物10亦可具有與區段12相關聯的開放遠側端14,以及與區段13相關聯的近側端16,該近側端旨在定位在動脈瘤A的頸部上或相鄰。端16也可以附接到鎖定部分54,該鎖定部分經組態用於與遞送管30的遠側端34可釋離地附接。
編織物10的網可以由一或多個網圖案、一或多個離散網部分(包括部分12和13及/或錐形區段5)及/或由編織細絲界定的一或多個網開口來界定。例如,編織物10的網可包括與部分12的遠側囊相關聯的孔隙度區域,以及與部分13的區段3相關聯的另一個孔隙度區域。在一些實施例中,部分12的孔隙度可小於部分13的孔隙度。然而,編織物10不限於此,且編織物10的其他部分可以根據需要或要求而改變其孔隙度及其他編織性能。例如,部分13可包括低於錐形區段5的孔隙度的孔隙度。編織物10的各個部分的相應孔隙度可以藉由改變間隙尺寸、編織角、熱處理、網開口、覆蓋物及/或類似物來界定。例如,圖1至圖2B中所示的編織物10的網可包括與區段12、13之各者相關聯的不同孔隙度區域。在實踐中,部分12的孔隙度可允許其外部遠側囊在遞送至動脈瘤之前、期間或之後呈現多種形狀。
在一些實施例中,區段3可以在展開狀態下覆蓋部分12的遠側囊。例如,當編織物10藉由遞送管30從微導管20向遠側平移時,區段3可以覆蓋部分12的遠側囊的外表面。當編織物10推抵動脈瘤壁時,也可能發生部分12和13的擴張。當編織物10擴張成展開狀態時,部分12的遠側囊的外端也可以定向成壓抵環形擴張區段3。例示性的「按壓(pressing)」在圖1所示的定向中示出,由此當區段12壓抵部分3的環形區段的內表面時,區段3與遠側囊之間可形成空隙或空腔9。該空隙或空腔9可用作「氣墊(air cushion)」,使得當將編織物向遠側推動到動脈瘤A中更深處時,由於部分12和部分13被推入另一者而具有一定的給予量且可撓地適形於動脈瘤A的形狀,因此避免了破裂。
編織物10的網可以包括管,其近側端16在相對的遠側端14處開口。近側端16也可以閉合並附接到鎖定部分54。編織物10可以由幾種材料製成,諸如沉積的薄膜或單一材料。編織物10的網可包括多個線,例如自 4至96個線。線的數目可係控制編織物10的材料性質的因素,包括孔隙度、展開狀態下的形狀、可撓性、剛性、及類似者。當確定編織物10的網的線數時,可以考慮部分12的遠側囊與外部覆蓋的環形擴張區段3的組合,因為囊在展開狀態下基本上位於環形擴張區段3內部。此外,區段12的遠側囊及/或部分13的環形擴張區段3可以一起是可塌縮的籠狀血管閉塞結構。
編織物10的線可由具有用於射線不透性的交織鉑絲的鎳鈦合金或具有10%至40%鉑的拉伸填充管(Drawn Filled Tube,DFT)鎳鈦合金製成。線可由鎳鈦合金、鈷鉻合金、不銹鋼、鉭及/或其他合金、及/或任何其他合適的生物相容性材料或此等材料的組合製成。又,此等材料可隨著時間的推移被患者吸收或不可被患者吸收。在此方面,與部分12相關聯的第一孔隙度可小於部分13的孔隙度。將區段12、13佈置成展開狀態、改變編織特性、及/或將區段12定位成與動脈瘤的頸部相鄰或連通,可使進入動脈瘤的一流動偏轉、轉向及/或減慢。
整個編織物10的網的孔隙也可形成基本一體的框架或網。因此,孔隙可係任何大小、形狀、或孔隙度,且可在整個編織物10的網壁內均勻或隨機地間隔開。孔隙可提供具有可撓性的編織物10,且亦有助於網從塌縮狀態轉換到擴張的展開狀態,反之亦然。
在某些實施例中,部分12、13或錐形區段5中的一者或一些者的編織角也可以變化。編織物10的線直徑、織物經緯密(pick count)(即,每個線性測量的線交叉數量)也可在編織物10的位置之間變化或以其他方式修改,以改變裝置特徵以及熱定形形狀。編織物10的纖維可藉由熱接合(藉由雷射或超音波焊接)、溶劑、或黏著劑接合、壓接、或任何其他附接方式在其等之自由端處進行固定而形成。編織物10的纖維可藉由溶劑、黏著劑或熱接合(如雷射、超音波焊接或任何其他熱源)在其內部交叉點 處進行接合。然而,編織物10並不限於此並且其可具有編織角、節距計數、線直徑、孔隙度、或編織物10的整體實質相似的任何其他性質。
回到圖2A,實例編織物10在微導管20內處於塌縮狀態,並且在與動脈瘤A配置之前連接到遞送管30。圖2B描繪了圖2A的編織物10,其連接到遞送管30並且配置在微導管20遠側的展開狀態。遞送系統40可包括遞送管30可滑動地設置在其中的微導管20。微導管20可預先放置在動脈瘤頸部的水平處,並用以追蹤裝置至動脈瘤。微導管20的大小可考慮動脈瘤或微導管20必須通過以到達治療部位的特徵的大小、形狀、及方向性來選擇。微導管20可在任何地方具有從80公分至170公分的總可用長度。微導管20可在任何地方具有0.015吋與0.032吋之間的內徑ID。外徑OD的大小亦可在範圍內變化且可在其近端或遠端處變窄。在其近側端26處,微導管20可用手操作,且在其遠側端24處可操作以定位在動脈瘤A的頸部處。而如圖所示的微導管20的遠側端24包含編織物10,端24可變化形狀並且可以一定角度彎曲。
遞送管30可係實質上細長的,且可從微導管20的近側端26延伸至遠側端24。管30通常可沿微導管20的內腔延行,且可在其外表面與微導管20的內表面之間留有空間。繼而,遞送管30及微導管20可軸向對準。系統40可使用微導管20將編織物10遞送至關注位置(例如,病變部位)。在某些實施例中,微導管20可預先放置在動脈瘤頸部的水平處並且用於例如藉由跟蹤與鎖定部分54相關聯的不透射線元件來跟蹤編織物10到病灶。遞送管30可在鎖定部分54處與編織物10機械連接。如下文更具體地所示,鎖定部分54可包含推動器環。
編織物10可藉由可滑動附接件、永久附接件(例如,捲曲、雷射、超音焊接、或其他熱源、黏著劑、或類似者)或其他附接方法附接到鎖定部分54,如下文更具體地描述者。當遞送管30在鎖定部分54處附接到 編織物10時,朝向動脈瘤A朝遠側平移、滑動、或以其他方式移動管30可導致編織物10開始從微導管20內的塌縮狀態移動至微導管20外部的展開狀態,該展開狀態具有部分12的經形成遠側囊、部分13的環形擴張區段3、及/或設置在其等之間的錐形區段5。
如圖2B所示,現在形成部分12的各別囊,並且部分13的環形擴張部分3經設置在部分12的近側和外側覆蓋。近側端16仍然經由鎖定部分54連接到遞送管30。在圖2B中,遠側端14可以形成部分12的遠側囊的外層,而近側端16可以形成部分13的環形擴張區段3的外層。
回到圖3,圖1至圖2B的編織物10的放大示意性側視圖以特寫的擴張狀態示出。如圖所示,部分12已經擴張成大致球形的遠側囊,其中連同通向部分13的環形擴張區段3的近側錐形圓錐區段5。與部分12、13及/或錐形區段5相關聯的編織物的網特性(包括孔隙度和可撓性)可以變化,其中孔隙度最低、可撓性最大較佳是在繞著動脈瘤頸部的部分13處。例如,當部分12和13的展開形狀在動脈瘤A內形成其等各別的預定形狀(參見例如部分12的遠側囊)時,在端16上或其附近的編織物10的部分(例如部分13)可比在端14上或其附近的編織物10的部分(例如部分12)更易彎,以便在遞送期間誘發自擴張。然而,編織物10不限於此,並且可以如部分12、13及/或區段5需要或要求而使用可撓性及/或孔隙度的任何組合。編織物10的其他孔隙度區域中的細絲在其整個長度上也可具有恒定的織物經緯密。
編織物10可由具有針對射線不透性的交織鉑絲的鎳鈦合金製成。當裝置10完全展開在動脈瘤A中時,部分12與部分13之間的錐形區段5可以允許各別的部分擴張,以形成部分12的遠側,並且圍繞部分13的環形擴張區段3。為了促進編織物10的擴張及/或部分13的環形擴張區段的形成,編織物10可經修改以在區段5處被弱化,以促進區段13繞著區段12的 倒置。例如,區段5可包括預弱化部分,該部分包括局部編織角變化、線區段的移除、局部熱處理、及/或改變編織物特性的其他方法。在某些實施例中,部分13的編織角可以相對於編織物10的其他部分(包括部分12)減小,使得至動脈瘤中的流動可以偏轉、轉向及/或減慢。這是因為當部分12及/或部分13在動脈瘤A中擴張且編織物10在動脈瘤A中展開時,部分13可經組態用於與動脈瘤A的頸部連通,因為端16可以在遞送期間被塞入部分13中(例如,參見圖6A)。
編織物10的直徑和編織線數可根據治療特定動脈瘤所需的裝置的直徑及/或所需的孔隙度而變化。例如,為了誘發部分12的遠側囊和部分13的環形擴張區段3的預定形狀和強度的形成,端14可以比端16更具可撓性,或者反之亦然,並且編織物10的其他位置(例如,錐形區段5)可以從端16上或繞著該端最易彎、而在端14上或在該端附近變得較不易彎來變化。在一些實施例中,14的編織線端可以彼此環繞,這尤其有利於確保編織物10在與動脈瘤A的圓頂接觸時是無創傷的。
為了形成或組裝如圖1至圖3所示的編織物10,鎖定部分54可以連接到端16及/或折疊在該端上。編織物10不限於此,並且端16可藉由聲波焊接、機械附接、或黏著劑可操作地連接鎖定部分54或任何其他特徵。無論連接為何,近側端16可操作地連接至鎖定部分54可導致與區段12相關聯的編織物10的外層之形成。
圖4是在與微導管20和遞送管30組裝之前的替代編織物10a的放大示意性側視圖。在該實施例中,編織物10a可包括替代部分12a,其具有與置中設置的區段5a和部分13相對的開放或封閉的遠側端14a。如所示的部分12a可以是簡單的管狀及/或圓柱形截面,其經設計以類似於線圈的方式擴張並佔據動脈瘤A內部的空間。部分12a與部分13的網特徵之間的差異是可見的。亦可以看出,該實施例中的部分13的區段3可以包括無創傷外 端,該等無創傷外端經組態以在遞送期間擴張並壓抵動脈瘤壁而沒有破壞動脈瘤的風險。鎖定部分54也可以設置在編織物10a的近側端16處,並且包括不透射線的元件,以便於精確跟蹤病變部位。在所示實施例中所描繪的部分12a和13的曲折形狀僅僅是例示性的,並且可以根據需要或要求使用包括部分12a和13的編織物10a的任何特徵的任何形狀。
在實踐中,如圖5A至圖6B所示,編織物10可以藉由遞送管30推入動脈瘤A中且與橫跨動脈瘤A頸部放置的區段13的較低孔隙度外層一起部署。在圖5A的配置之前,編織物10可以與處於塌縮狀態的遞送管30及/或微導管20組裝在一起,並因此設置在微導管20內部。在此方面,遞送系統40及編織物10可包裝為可攜式套組或系統。微導管20、遞送管30、及/或編織物10之間的組裝可在被引入脈管系統之前進行。與編織物10併用的遞送系統40可包括微導管20及遞送管30,可選擇性地定位在病變部位,且遞送管30可開始朝向動脈瘤遠側平移編織物10。
在圖5A中,遞送管30已將編織物10向遠側平移至動脈瘤A中。部分12已經開始朝向動脈瘤A的外壁徑向擴張,而未擴張部分13離開微導管20並且在頸部處或頸部附近插入動脈瘤A內部。另外,在端16處或其相鄰的編織物10的部分在微導管20內側塌縮。可以看到圖5A中的環形擴張區段3開始從其中心軸向外朝向動脈瘤A的壁向外擴張,而部分12的遠側囊在區段3的遠側擴張。區段5在圖5A中示出為實質上管狀,處於其預擴張狀態。然而,在圖5B中,當遞送管30向遠側更深地移動到動脈瘤A中時,部分12的遠側囊和環形擴張區段3繼續繞著區段5和遠側囊12擴張和倒置。在圖5A至5B之間的移動,示出了區段3繞著及/或圍繞部分12的遠側囊的下端形成。還示出了區段3覆蓋部分12的遠側囊,因為編織物10向遠側更深地平移到動脈瘤中,並且編織物10的端14推抵動脈瘤壁。當編織物10向遠側傾平移深時,在圖5B中可以看出,區段12的外端開始壓抵環形區段3。
回到圖6A,由於區段3繞著區段5倒置,在區段3與遠側囊之間形成了空隙或空腔9。該空隙或空腔9可以用作進一步防止破裂的「氣墊」。鎖定部分54被描繪為靠近或相鄰微導管20的端24,使得編織物10的所有部分都在其遠側並且在微導管20外部。因此,區段3已經完全擴張,其遠側端被壓入遠側囊中。區段3的近側表面可係彎曲或仿形(contoured)以與動脈瘤A的頸部連通並且用作偏流動轉向器。應當理解,編織物10可由具有針對射線不透性的交織鉑絲的鎳鈦合金製成。遞送管30可由操作者等藉由海波管(hypotube)從其近側端36驅動。在遞送期間,微導管20可保持相對靜止或固定,而可以看出遞送管30朝動脈瘤A的頸部並穿過該頸部朝遠側平移編織物10。如圖6A所示,遞送管30的進一步遠側平移可基本上導致鎖定部分54使區段5的錐角更大,並使區段3繞著部分12的擴張及/或區段3在彼處所壓抵的量更大。繼而,部分54基本上塞入編織物10中,從而使區段3相對於動脈瘤的頸部而變平或以其他方式呈現為更加仿形。
移動在圖5A至圖6A之間亦可看出,編織物10的端16、鎖定部分54、與遞送管30之間的連接部可以塌縮狀態從微導管20內移動到以展開狀態完全在動脈瘤A內。一旦編織物10被選擇性地定位,包括處於其展開狀態的部分12和13,編織物10可以從遞送管30拆下,如圖6B所示。換句話講,當編織物10向動脈瘤A的圓頂朝遠側平移時,部分12、13可擴張,以容易、有效且避免破裂風險的方式支撐動脈瘤壁。
一旦經擴張且定位,遞送管30可向近側平移回微導管20並從編織物10和動脈瘤A縮回。圖6B示出編織物10在其展開狀態下的例示性配置,並且部分12和13分別移動到其展開組態且將鎖定部分54從遞送管30拆下。將部分12、13及/或鎖定部分54擴張至編織物10中是特別有利的,因為其可以防止編織物10產生突起,否則該突起將延伸到載瘤血管中。相反,任何此類突起現在可被塞入編織物10中。以這種方式跨動脈瘤的頸部佈置 編織物10同時還改變部分12、13的孔隙度亦可在編織物10的囊內產生流動轉向。圖6B僅示出了部分12的實例球形遠側囊和實例環形擴張區段3,其以足以閉塞動脈瘤A的方式完全形成。然而,如果部分12或13未被精確定位或需要在動脈瘤A內重置或調整以進行安全閉塞而不產生破裂的風險,則可在仍附接至編織物10時,藉由向近側抽出遞送管30將編織物10回縮到微導管20中。
圖7A至圖8B大致上示出了遞送管30與編織物10之間的實例附接和遞送,用於在動脈瘤A中展開和拆下編織物10。圖7A至圖8B的實施例僅僅是遞送管30和編織物10可以在端34處附接的一種方式,並且根據需要或要求可以設想任何數量的附接方式。如圖示的遞送管30可具有從近側端36延伸至遠側遞送端34的內腔。圖7A示出了與鎖定構件52接合的編織物10和鎖入鎖定部分54的環線58。可穿過鎖定部分54放置環線58的開口60。鎖定部分54較佳地採用小直徑細長細絲的形式,然而,諸如線或管狀結構等其他形式亦係合適的。雖然鎖定部分54較佳地由鎳鈦合金形成,諸如不銹鋼、PTFE、尼龍、陶瓷、或玻璃纖維及複合物等其他金屬及材料亦可係合適的。在一個實例中,鎖定構件52可係細長的可回縮纖維,其可在微導管20的端24及26之間延伸。鎖定構件52較佳地採用小直徑細長細絲的形式,然而,諸如線或管狀結構等其他形式亦係合適的。雖然鎖定構件52較佳地由鎳鈦合金形成,諸如不銹鋼、PTFE、尼龍、陶瓷、或玻璃纖維及複合物等其他金屬及材料亦可以係合適的。當鎖定構件52穿過開口60時,編織物10現在係固定的。應當理解,遞送管30可包括設置在其端34與36之間的可壓縮部分38。
可壓縮部分38可允許遞送管30彎曲及/或撓曲。此類可撓性可協助通過微導管20追蹤編織物10及通過脈管系統的曲折路徑。可壓縮部分38可形成有干涉螺旋切口,該干涉螺旋切口可允許有間隙以允許彎曲,但 是在一個實例中,不用作螺旋切割彈簧。可壓縮部分38可在伸長狀況及壓縮狀況之間軸向調整。然而,允許軸向調整的任何其他配置(例如,纏繞線或螺旋帶)亦可適合與根據本揭露的卸離系統併用。除非另有限制,可壓縮部分38在靜止時可處於伸長狀況且從壓縮狀況自動地或彈性地返回至伸長狀況。本文更詳細地描述了可壓縮部分38的功能。
在圖7A中,預先施加力F以將遞送管30置於壓縮狀態。圖7B示出了向近側拉動鎖定構件52以開始編織物10的釋離序列。圖8A示出了鎖定構件52離開開口60並被拉出環線58的瞬間。環線58的遠端62脫離/返回其預成形形狀並離開鎖定部分54。如可見,現在沒有任何東西將編織物10固持至遞送管30。圖8B示出了釋離序列的結束。在此,遞送管30的可壓縮部分38已經擴張/返回至其原始形狀且向前「彈出」。由遞送管30的遠側端34向編織物10施加彈力E以將其「推動(push)」離開,以確保乾淨分離並將編織物10遞送到動脈瘤A。應當理解,圖7A至圖8B中描述的遞送方案僅是遞送編織物10的實例方法。
圖9是將閉塞裝置遞送到動脈瘤的方法900的流程圖。步驟905包括將編織物的近側端附接到遞送管的遠側端。步驟910包括選擇性地將微導管定位在脈管系統中(例如,在動脈瘤的頸部)。步驟915包括將編織物連同經附接的遞送管定位在微導管中。步驟920包括藉由遞送管將編織物從微導管向遠側滑動朝向動脈瘤,從而在動脈瘤內側使遠側可擴張部分擴張,以形成遠側囊,且在編織物的近側端處繞著遠側囊形成環形擴張區段。步驟925包括釋離編織物,其可包括環形擴張區段和遠側囊。步驟930包括從動脈瘤中取出遞送管和微導管。
在某些實施例中,方法900亦可包括藉由形成遠側囊來填充動脈瘤。在一些實施例中,將編織物選擇性地定位包括將微導管的遠側端放 置在動脈瘤的頸部處。在一些實施例中,遠側可擴張部分在環形擴張區段形成時同時擴張。
在某些實施例中,方法900亦包括將鎖定部分附接在編織物的近側端和遞送管的遠側端處;且藉由該鎖定部分將遞送管自編織物釋離。在某些實施例中,方法900還包括擴張環形擴張區段,使得環形擴張區段覆蓋遠側囊的外表面。在某些實施例中,方法900包括當編織物向遠側平移到動脈瘤中時,將遠側囊的一或多個外端壓抵環形擴張區段。在某些實施例中,方法900包括當環形擴張區段繞著遠側囊倒置時,在環形擴張區段與遠側囊之間形成空隙或空腔。在某些實施例中,方法900包括在近側可擴張部分與遠側可擴張部分之間形成錐形區段。
在某些實施例中,方法900亦包括使近側可擴張部分的孔隙度小於錐形區段及/或遠側可擴張部分的孔隙度;將近側可擴張區段定位成與動脈瘤的頸部相鄰或連通;以及使進入動脈瘤的一流動偏轉、轉向、及/或減慢。方法900亦可包括使近側可擴張部分的可撓性小於錐形區段及/或遠側可擴張部分的可撓性;將近側可擴張區段定位成與動脈瘤的頸部相鄰或連通;以及使進入動脈瘤的一流動偏轉、轉向、及/或減慢。
在一些實施例中,揭露了一種使用編織物治療動脈瘤的方法1000。步驟1005可包括將編織物向遠側移動到動脈瘤中。步驟1010可包括將編織物的近側可擴張部分從塌縮狀態擴張成擴張狀態,從而密封動脈瘤的頸部。步驟1015可包括在動脈瘤內側擴張編織物的遠側可擴張部分,以形成遠側囊,從而填充動脈瘤。
在某些實施例中,步驟1015可包括在編織物的近側端處繞著遠側囊形成環形擴張區段。在一些實施例中,方法1000可包括使環形擴張區段繞著遠側囊的外表面重疊和倒置。在一些實施例中,方法1000可包括當環形擴張區段繞著遠側囊倒置時,在環形擴張區段與遠側囊之間形成空隙 或空腔。在一些實施例中,方法1000可包括在近側可擴張部分與遠側可擴張部分之間形成錐形區段。方法1000亦可包括使近側可擴張部分的孔隙度小於錐形區段及/或遠側可擴張部分的孔隙度;以及使進入動脈瘤的一流動偏轉、轉向、及/或減慢。方法1000亦可包括使近側可擴張部分的可撓性小於錐形區段及/或遠側可擴張部分的可撓性;以及使進入動脈瘤的一流動偏轉、轉向、及/或減慢。
應當理解,編織物10的變型可包括各種材料,諸如不銹鋼、生物可吸收材料、及聚合物。編織物10(包括任何特定部分,諸如任何斷裂、不同孔隙度的不同區域、及閉塞囊)可以熱定形成各種構型,諸如球形、橢圓形、鞍形等,用於使遠側囊及/或其他(多個)擴張區段成形,以更好地匹配動脈瘤形態。另外,編織物10可以被熱成形為包括薄弱點,以有利於遠側囊及/或其他(多個)擴張區段的徑向擴張。此外,形成遠側囊及/或其他(多個)擴張區段的編織物10的間隙可變化,或者可沿其長度選擇性地設計尺寸或形狀,這取決於隨著遞送管30朝遠側移動而使編織物10擴張多少。
應當理解,編織物10亦可包括在系統中或以其他方式與成像裝置連通,該成像裝置能夠使編織物10的遠側囊及/或其他(多個)擴張區段相對於動脈瘤而成像。藉由編織物10相對於動脈瘤向遠側或近側移動,且由成像裝置透過該編織物的一或多個不透射線特徵或附接至其上而精確地監測該編織物,遠側囊及/或其他(多個)擴張區段的定向可係可調節的。
具體的構型、材料的選擇、及各種元件的大小及形狀可以根據需要根據所揭示技術的原理構造的系統或方法的特定的設計規格或約束而變化。此類改變旨在包含在所揭示技術的範圍內。因此,本揭露的實施例在所有方面都被認為係說明性的而非限制性的。因此,從前述內容顯而易見的是,雖然已經繪示及描述本揭露的特定形式,在不脫離本揭露的精神 及範圍的情況下,可以進行各種修改,且在其等同物的含義及範圍內的所有改變都旨在包含在其中。
3:環形擴張區段;區段
5:錐形區段;區段
9:空隙或空腔
12:遠側可擴張部分;部分;區段;遠側囊
13:近側可擴張部分;部分;區段
14:遠側端;端
16:近側端;端
20:微導管
24:遠側端;端
26:近側端;端
30:遞送管;管
34:遠側端;端;遠側遞送端
36:近側端;端
40:遞送系統;系統
54:鎖定部分
A:動脈瘤
BV:血管
Claims (11)
- 一種用於閉塞一動脈瘤的編織物,該編織物包含:一近側可擴張部分,包含:一塌縮狀態,其中該近側可擴張部分為實質管狀地容置在一微導管的一內腔內;一展開狀態,用於定位於該動脈瘤內側,並且橫跨該動脈瘤的一頸部而密封,在該展開狀態的該近側可擴張部分經組態以從實質管狀為徑向擴張;及一遠側可擴張部分,其在該近側可擴張部分遠側,該遠側可擴張部分為實質管狀且在該塌縮狀態中與該近側可擴張部分連續,該遠側可擴張部分包含在該展開狀態中的該近側可擴張部分的一遠側端的遠側所設置的一開放遠側端;在該展開狀態中的該遠側可擴張部分經組構以填充該動脈瘤,並對該近側可擴張部分提供一向外的力,使其在該動脈瘤中保持在定位;其中,當藉由該遠側可擴張部分形成一遠側囊時,在該動脈瘤中遠側平移該編織物,導致該近端可擴張部分的一環形擴張區段為徑向擴張、倒置、以及圍繞該遠側囊的一近側端。
- 如請求項1所述之編織物,其中該環形擴張區段形成該遠側囊的一下端、繞著該遠側囊的該下端倒置、且圍繞該遠側囊的該下端。
- 如請求項1所述之編織物,其中該近側可擴張部分的孔隙度小於該遠側可擴張部分的孔隙度。
- 如請求項3所述之編織物,其中各別的該等孔隙度由間隙尺寸、編織角、熱處理、及覆蓋物中的至少一者來界定。
- 如請求項1所述之編織物,其中該環形擴張區段覆蓋該遠側囊外部,由此當該編織物擴張成該展開狀態時,該遠側囊的外端能夠壓抵該環形擴張區段的一內表面。
- 如請求項5所述之編織物,其中當該環形擴張區段繞著該遠側囊倒置時,在該環形擴張區段與該遠側囊之間形成一空隙或一空腔。
- 如請求項1所述之編織物,其進一步包含設置在該近側可擴張部分與該遠側可擴張部分之間的一錐形區段。
- 如請求項7所述之編織物,其中該近側可擴張部分包含的孔隙度低於該錐形區段和該遠側可擴張部分的孔隙度。
- 如請求項7所述之編織物,其進一步包含一帶扣部分,該帶扣部分界定在該錐形區段與該近側可擴張部分或該遠側可擴張部分之間。
- 一種用於治療一動脈瘤的系統,該系統包含:一微導管;一遞送管,其平移地設置在該微導管中;及如請求項1所述之編織物,該編織物係可拆卸地連接到該遞送管,並且以一塌縮狀態可滑動地設置在該微導管內,且從該微導管內可向遠側平移成一展開狀態;其中當該編織物的一遠側端向遠側離開該微導管時,包括一遠側可擴張部分及一近側可擴張部分中的至少一者的該編織物擴張成該展開狀態。
- 如請求項10所述之系統,其中當該編織物從該微導管向遠側平移且該編織物推抵一動脈瘤壁時,該環形擴張區段覆蓋該遠側囊外部。
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