TWI776194B - Stream-flow small hydropower system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a small stream-flow hydroelectric power generation system, which comprises a water retaining wall, a water gate device, and a hydroelectric power generation device. The water retaining wall is connected with the water gate device and cooperates to control the water flow in an openable and closed manner. The hydroelectric power generation device includes a water turbine arranged on the water retaining wall, and a generator connected with the water turbine to generate electricity. The water turbine has a water collecting channel arranged on the water retaining wall and having a height lower than the water gate device. In this way, the water flow can flow into the hydroelectric power generation device under normal conditions to generate electricity, and when there is a large amount of water, the water gate device can be opened to allow the flood water to bypass the hydroelectric power generation device to be vented. It can ensure stable power generation during normal times, and prevent overflow and flooding during torrential rain. The hydroelectric power generation device can also replace the original energy dissipator, and convert the originally consumed kinetic energy into power generation income.

Description

Stream-flow small hydropower system

The present invention relates to a hydroelectric power generation system, in particular to a stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system.

There is a large height difference between the mountains and plains in Taiwan. In many rivers or canals, energy dissipation facilities are required to eliminate the kinetic energy of the downward impact of the high-speed flowing water upstream, so as to reduce the damage of the river topography and the building by the impact of the water flow. Common principles of energy dissipation facilities include hydraulic jump, air floatation or other energy dissipation methods. Among them, the facilities of the water jumping method include, for example, an apron, a sloping apron, etc., the facilities of the air-floating method, such as a ski jump bucket, and the facilities of other methods, such as a still pool ( stilling basin), including chute (chute), stone platform (sill), buffer column (baffle pier) and so on.

The average annual rainfall in Taiwan is 2515 mm, and the height difference between the mountains and plains is large, which is theoretically suitable for hydropower generation. But in fact, Taiwan's winter rainfall is low, and when a typhoon occurs in summer, it is easy to cause a sudden increase in water volume due to heavy rain. Therefore, the problem of using river hydropower to generate electricity is that in winter, the power generation is not easy to increase due to the low water volume, and in summer, the power generation mechanism may be washed out due to the surge in the water volume of the typhoon.

Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system with both energy dissipation and power generation effects.

Therefore, the stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention is suitable for erecting in rivers and ditches, and includes a water retaining wall, a water gate device, and at least one hydroelectric power generation device.

The water retaining wall intersects and extends in a direction of water flow.

The water gate device is extended to intersect with the water flow direction and connected to the water retaining wall, and cooperates with the water retaining wall to open and close the water flow.

The at least one hydroelectric power generation device includes a water turbine arranged on the water retaining wall, and a generator linked by the water turbine to generate electricity. The water turbine has a water collecting channel arranged on the water retaining wall, for the water flow to flow from the water collecting channel. The water flow channel flows in and generates electricity. The minimum height of the water collecting channel is lower than the stable water level height of the water gate device when it is closed, and higher than the stable water level height when the water gate device is fully opened.

The effect of the present invention is: by arranging and connecting the water retaining wall and the water gate device to block water flow, and erecting the hydroelectric power generation device on the water retaining wall, the water flow can generally flow into the hydroelectric power generation device to generate electricity. , when there is large water, by opening the water gate device, the flood water bypasses the hydroelectric power device and is discharged from the water gate device. In this way, stable power generation can be ensured in peacetime, and the disaster of flooding caused by heavy rain can also be prevented, and the original energy dissipator can be replaced by the hydroelectric power generation device, and the kinetic energy that needs to be consumed can be converted into power generation income.

Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , an embodiment of the small stream-flow hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention is suitable for erecting in rivers and ditches, and uses the water flow in the rivers and ditches to generate electricity.

Among them, the present invention is suitable to be erected in rivers and ditches where there is a suitable drop (for example: a drop of 0.5-10 meters) and a large flow (for example: a flow of more than 1 cubic meter per second (cms)) to obtain Better power generation efficiency.

This embodiment includes a water retaining wall 2 , a water gate device 3 and at least one hydroelectric power generation device 4 , and preferably further includes a sensing device 5 , a control device 6 and a fence device 7 . Among them, in order to achieve the best power generation efficiency, it is preferable to set one of the hydroelectric power generation devices 4 for every flow rate of 1 to 7 cubic meters per second (cms).

The water retaining wall 2 intersects and extends in a direction of water flow (as shown by the hollow line in FIG. 1 ).

The water gate device 3 is extended in the direction of the water flow and is connected to the water retaining wall 2 , and cooperates with the water retaining wall 2 to connect the banks 9 on both sides of the river, so as to control the water flow in an openable and closeable manner. Wherein, the water gate device 3 is an automatic falling water gate, such as an inflatable rubber dam or an oil hydraulic automatic falling weir as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. In Figs. 4 and 5, the hydraulic automatic falling weir There is a water gate 31 for intercepting water flow, two oil pressure rods 32 and an oil tank 33 for controlling the oil pressure rods 32. The oil pressure rods 32 are arranged on both sides of the water gate 31 and are respectively arranged at The water retaining wall 2 and a bank 9 open and close the water gate 31 by the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic rods 32. The solid line in FIG. 5 represents the fully opened position of the water gate device 3, and the imaginary line represents the The position of the water door device 3 when it is completely closed, and the height of the water door 31 is only for illustration, and those skilled in the art can adjust it according to their needs. The position of the hydraulic rods 32 is preferably higher than the height of the water gate 31 (especially the part of the hydraulic cylinder), so that the probability of the hydraulic rods 32 being soaked in water and damaged by water flow and sediment can be reduced. The feature of the automatic lodging water gate is that it can lodging by itself in the state of no power. Therefore, in the event of a flood or a power outage, it can still automatically lodge due to the impact or gravity of the water, which not only facilitates control but also reduces the number of settings. The advantage of cost, but also the function of automatic safety protection. Since the operation details of the inflatable rubber dam or the hydraulic automatic collapse weir are all familiar to the industry, they will not be repeated here.

Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the hydroelectric power generation device 4 includes a hydraulic turbine 41 , a generator 42 linked by the hydraulic turbine 41 to generate electricity, and a speed increaser 43 connecting the hydraulic turbine 41 and the generator 42 .

The head and tail ends of the water turbine 41 are respectively disposed on the water retaining wall 2 and the bottom of the river ditch, and have a water collecting channel 411 disposed on the water retaining wall 2 and a water outlet 412 with a height lower than the water collecting channel 411 for water supply. The water flows into the water collection channel 411 and flows back to the downstream rivers and ditch through the water outlet 412. The minimum height of the water collection channel 411 is lower than the stable water level height of the water gate device 3 when it is closed (as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. The dashed line of the water gate device 3 in 2 is for illustration, mainly indicating the height of the water gate device 3 when it is closed), and is higher than the stable water level height of the water gate device 3 when it is fully opened, where the stable water level height refers to the water gate device. 3 When opening or closing, the water level reaches a stable height under normal (non-flood) conditions. Therefore, when the water gate device 3 is closed, the water flow will flow into the water collecting channel 411 to drive the water turbine 41 to rotate, and link the speed increaser 43 and the generator 42 to generate electricity. When the water gate device 3 is fully opened , the water flow will avoid the hydroelectric power generation device 4 and flow into the downstream through the water gate device 3 .

In this embodiment, the water turbine 41 is implemented by a screw-type water turbine (eg, an Archimedes water turbine), but the water turbine 41 may also use other suitable mechanisms, which is not limited thereto.

The setting height of the generator 42 is preferably higher than the stable water level height of the water gate device 3 when the water gate device 3 is closed. In this way, the generator 42 can be reduced whether in general power generation or when the water gate device 3 is opened to discharge floods. The probability of loss due to immersion in water. Wherein, the generator 42 can choose to use an induction generator, a DC generator or a synchronous generator according to the application. When the generator 42 uses a DC generator, a transformer 44 that is electrically connected to the generator 42 needs to be arranged to adjust the voltage of the output power of the generator 42 to correspond to a grid voltage, that is, the generator 42 The error value of the output power voltage of 42 and the grid voltage of the power company is adjusted within the allowable range. It is worth mentioning that, the transformer 44 here can also be changed into a device having the function of a converter according to actual needs, and is not limited to this. Since the details of the structure of the transformer 44 or the converter are well known in the industry, they are not repeated here.

The speed increaser 43 is used to increase the rotational speed of the water turbine 41 and then output it to the generator 42 , so that the frequency of the output power of the generator 42 is adjusted to correspond to a grid frequency, that is, the output power of the generator 42 is adjusted. The error value between the frequency of the power company and the grid frequency of the power company is adjusted within the allowable range. In this way, the output power adjusted by the transformer 44 and the speed-increasing gear 43 can be connected to the feeder of the power company and provided to the power company or nearby users for use. Since the detailed structure of the speed increaser 43 is familiar to the industry, it will not be repeated here.

The sensing device 5 can be designed to sense at least one of the following information: the water flow condition, the opening state of the water gate device 3, the rotational speed of the generator 42, the load state of the generator 42, and whether there is foreign matter in the water flow, And output the above-mentioned sensing information to the control device 6 .

The sensing device 5 can be provided with at least one of a water level meter 51 , a flow meter 52 , and a flow meter 53 to sense information such as water level, flow rate, and flow rate of the water flow. Among them, the water level meter 51 can use the sensing methods of pressure, weight, buoyancy, conductivity, capacitance, photoelectricity, ultrasonic wave, microwave, etc. The flow meter 52 and the flow meter 53 can use differential pressure type, mechanical type, thermal flow type, ultra Sonic and other sensors that sense water flow. The opening state of the water gate device 3 can be obtained by sensing the opening position of the water gate device 3 by using devices such as photoelectric, angle and linear distance encoders, and position sensing switches.

The rotation speed of the generator 42 can be sensed by setting a Hall sensor, and the load state of the generator 42 can be determined by measuring the current and voltage of the generator 42 . Since this part of the technology can be deduced by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field according to the above description, the extended details will not be described further.

The sensing device 5 can use optical monitoring equipment (eg, an infrared sensor and receiver, or a camera module with image recognition) as a foreign object sensor 54 to identify whether foreign objects exist in the water flow.

The control device 6 is signal-connected to the sensing device 5 and the water gate device 3 , receives the information sensed by the sensing device 5 , and controls the water gate device 3 to open or close accordingly.

Wherein, the control device 6 can control the water gate device 3 to open or close according to the water flow condition. When the water level, flow rate, or flow velocity is greater than a predetermined value, it controls the water gate device 3 to partially open or fully open, so as to be able to open or close the water gate device 3 in an emergency situation. Or when the water volume increases rapidly, the flood can be quickly released to avoid the situation of blocking the water and overflowing.

The control device 6 can control the water gate device 3 to open when the foreign object sensor 54 senses the presence of foreign objects in the water flow, so that the foreign objects can pass through without colliding and damaging the water gate device 3 .

It is worth mentioning that the control device 6 can be designed to control the opening degree of the water gate device 3 according to the rotation speed of the generator 42, so that the rotation speed of the generator 42 is in a grid connection speed range, and the grid connection speed range is The frequency corresponding to the output power of the generator 42 is compatible with the grid frequency. In this way, the frequency of the output power of the generator 42 can be adjusted to be compatible with the grid frequency by adjusting the opening degree of the water gate device 3 (that is, the error value between the output power frequency and the grid frequency is within the allowable range) ). When the frequency, voltage, phase of the output power and the frequency, voltage, and phase errors of the power company's power grid are within the allowable range, the output power can be automatically connected to the power company's feeder.

Wherein, the control device 6 can be implemented only by a control host 61, or also has a remote controller 62 connected to the control host 61 by a signal, and the user can output a remote control signal through the remote controller 62 to control the The water gate device 3 is opened, closed or partially opened, or the sensing data of the sensing device 5 is read. The remote controller 62 can be implemented by using a mobile phone, a personal computer, or a remote server. The connection between the control host 61 and the remote controller 62 can be a wired connection, such as using RJ45, RS232, RS485 connection, etc. Or for wireless connection such as using WiFi, 4G, 5G and other communication technologies.

Wherein, the control device 6 preferably has a built-in emergency full-open mode, for example, in the event of a power outage or water runaway, it will quickly control the water gate device 3 to fully open to avoid flooding and overflow and achieve zero disaster requirements.

Wherein, the control device 6 can be provided with a human-machine interface (not shown) for easier operation by the user, for example, it can be implemented by using HMI or SCADA.

The fence device 7 is arranged upstream of the water gate device 3 and the hydroelectric power generation device 4 , and can be implemented using a device such as a fence or a net that can quickly pass water and block large-volume foreign objects.

In practical application, since many farmland irrigation and drainage channels and mountain pit drainage or regional drainage have large flow rates, a location with a suitable drop and the largest flood peak over the years can be set by the water gate device 3 harmlessly.

In the case of normal flow, the sensing device 5 senses the water flow status, the opening degree of the water gate device 3 and the load status of the generator 42. When the water flow does not reach the full load of the generator 42 to generate electricity, the control device 6. Control the water gate device 3 to be completely closed, so that all water flows into the water turbine 41 and generate electricity. When the rotational speed of the generator 42 reaches the grid-connected speed range, the output power is automatically connected to the grid to the feeder of the power company for power transmission. When the water flow continues to increase and the generator 42 is fully loaded to generate electricity, the control device 6 starts to dynamically adjust the opening degree of the water gate device 3 so that the amount of water flowing into the water turbine 41 can maintain the generator 42 at full load but not overloaded In this way, it is possible to make the generator 42 provide the best power generation efficiency and avoid excessive water flow that would damage the hydroelectric device 4 .

When heavy rain or typhoon causes a sudden increase in water volume, the control device 6 controls the water gate device 3 to fully open, so that the large water can bypass the hydroelectric power generation device 4 and be vented from the water gate device 3, so that the water power generation device can be reduced. 4 Chances of being damaged by flooding.

It is worth mentioning that the control device 6 can also use machine learning and prediction models to adjust the opening time and opening state of the water gate device 3 , so as to achieve better power generation effect or flood discharge effect.

The control device 6 can also be signally connected to a data and control center (not shown), and the control device 6 can output the data measured by the sensing device 5 and historical control operation records to the data and control center Center, the data and control center provides feedback based on the above-mentioned data and the relationship between water volume and time stored in the past years, anti-flooding algorithm, optimal power generation algorithm, power generation flooding crisis balance algorithm, emergency event control method, etc. The control device 6 is a better control algorithm or prediction model.

Through the above description, the effect of this embodiment is as follows:

1. By setting the water retaining wall 2 and the water gate device 3 connected to block the water flow, and erecting the hydroelectric power generation device 4 on the retaining wall 2, the water flow can normally flow into the hydroelectric power generation device 4. To generate electricity, when there is heavy rain or heavy water, the water gate device 3 can be opened to allow the flood water to bypass the hydroelectric power generation device 4 and be vented from the water gate device 3 . In this way, it can not only ensure the stable power generation in normal times, but also prevent the disaster of flooding caused by torrential rain, and ensure the safety of the waterway. The hydropower device 4 can replace the original energy dissipator, and the kinetic energy that needs to be consumed can be converted into To generate electricity revenue, and use the electricity generation revenue as the maintenance cost of river facilities, or to supply electricity to nearby users for use. In addition, the water flow after power generation will flow back to the downstream waterway, therefore, it does not affect the irrigation or drainage effect of the original ditch, which meets the needs of environmental protection and green energy power generation.

2. By using the automatic falling water gate to implement the water gate device 3, the automatic falling water gate can fall under its own weight in the state of no power. When encountering a flood or a power failure due to a disaster, it can still be affected by the impact of the water. Or gravity and automatic lodging, so it can achieve the effect of automatic safety protection. In addition, the automatic falling water gate has low control complexity, simple equipment, low cost, and has the advantages of unmanned management.

3. By setting the sensing device 5 to sense the water flow condition and the load state of the generator 42, and dynamically adjust the opening degree of the water gate device 3 accordingly, the generator 42 can provide the best power generation efficiency and avoid excessive power generation. The flow of water damages the hydroelectric device 4 .

4. By disposing the foreign object sensor 54 and collocating with the control device 6 to control the water gate device 3 to open to allow foreign objects to pass through when a foreign object is detected, the water gate device 3 can be protected from impact damage.

To sum up, the stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention can indeed achieve the purpose of the present invention.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Any simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the application for patent of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the invention patent.

2: Water retaining wall 3: Watergate device 31: Watergate 32: Oil pressure rod 33: Fuel tank 4: Hydroelectric power plant 41: Turbine 411: Water collection channel 412: Water outlet 42: Generator 43: Speed up machine 44: Transformer 5: Sensing device 51: Water level gauge 52: Flowmeter 53: Flowmeter 54: Foreign body sensor 6: Control device 61: Control host 62: Remote Controller 7: Fence device 9: Embankment

Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiments with reference to the drawings, wherein: 1 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the river-flow small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention applied to rivers and ditches; Fig. 2 is an incomplete schematic side view of this embodiment; Figure 3 is a block diagram of this embodiment; and FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are a schematic top view and an operation schematic diagram of a water gate device of the embodiment when the hydraulic automatic lodging weir is implemented.

2: Water retaining wall

3: Watergate device

4: Hydroelectric power plant

41: Turbine

411: Water collection channel

412: Water outlet

42: Generator

43: Speed up machine

44: Transformer

6: Control device

7: Fence device

9: Embankment

Claims (9)

A small river-flow hydroelectric power generation system is suitable for erecting rivers and ditches, and comprises: a water retaining wall, extending and extending in a direction of water flow; a water gate device, extending and extending in the direction of water flow and connecting the retaining wall, It cooperates with the water retaining wall to control the flow of water and can be opened and closed, the water gate device is an automatic falling water gate; and at least one hydroelectric power generation device, including a water turbine arranged on the water retaining wall, and a water turbine connected to generate electricity The generator, the turbine is a screw turbine, and has a water collection channel arranged on the retaining wall, for the water flow to flow in and generate electricity from the water collection channel, and the minimum height of the water collection channel is lower than the water gate device The stable water level height when it is closed is higher than the stable water level height when the water gate device is fully opened. The stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the setting height of the generator is higher than the stable water level height when the water gate device is closed. The river-flow small hydroelectric power generation system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a sensing device and a control device for signally connecting the sensing device and the water gate device, the control device according to the sensing condition of the sensing device. Controls the opening or closing of the water gate. The small river-flow hydroelectric power generation system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sensing device senses the rotational speed of the generator and feeds it back to the control device, and the control device controls the opening degree of the water gate device to make the generator The rotational speed of the motor is in a grid-connected speed range. The small river-flow hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 3, wherein the sensing device has at least one of a water level gauge, a flow meter, and a flow meter, and the control device controls the water flow condition sensed by the sensing device. The gate device opens or closes. The small river-flow hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 5, wherein the sensing device also senses the load state of the generator and outputs it to the control device, and the control device fully loads the generator when the water flow rate does not reach. When generating electricity, the water gate device is controlled to be completely closed, and when the water flow reaches the full load of the generator to generate electricity, the control device dynamically adjusts the opening degree of the water gate device, so that the water flow into the turbine maintains the generator at full load but not overloaded Case. The river-flow small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 3, wherein the sensing device has a foreign object sensor, and the control device controls the water gate device to open when the foreign object sensor senses that there is a foreign object in the water flow . The stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 3, wherein the control device has a control host and a remote controller signally connected to the control host, and the control host is based on a signal output by the remote controller. The remote control signal controls the opening or closing of the water gate device. The stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one hydroelectric power generation device further comprises a speed-increasing gear connecting the hydraulic turbine and the generator, and a transformer electrically connecting the generator. The speed machine is used to increase the rotational speed of the turbine and output it to the generator, so that the frequency of the output power of the generator is adjusted to correspond to a grid frequency, and the transformer is used to adjust the voltage of the output power of the generator to correspond to in a grid Voltage.

Images