TWI770838B - Multiple output buck converter - Google Patents

Abstract

A multiple output buck converter applied for lowering the input voltage of a power source into plural output voltages. The converter includes a first switch, a second switch, plural output circuits, and a controller. The input end of the switch is coupled with the power source. The input end of the second switch is coupled with the output end of the first switch. The output end of the second switch is coupled with grounding. Each output circuit is coupled with the first and second switches, and has a coupling inductance and a stabilizer capacitance. Each coupling inductance and first stabilizer capacitance are connected in series between the second switch and an output node which generates an output voltage. The controller controls the conduction of the first or second switched, thereby simplifying the overall circuit structure and achieving a high efficient voltage conversion.

Description

Multi-Output Buck Converter

The present invention relates to a voltage conversion related field, in particular to a multi-output step-down converter.

The power supply is an important part of the data center. In order to cope with the surge in Internet usage, the servers of the data center need to operate 24/7. Therefore, the data center is a high-energy-consuming industry.

In order to reduce the energy consumption of the data center, higher voltage power distribution can be used to reduce the loss of power wiring conductors. For example, compared with the DC12V busbar power distribution scheme, the DC48V busbar power distribution scheme can reduce the power generated by the power supply wiring. Power consumption is significantly reduced by a factor of 16.

So far, most of the digital chip power supply solutions for servers and network communication equipment are still based on multi-level power conversion architecture, using 2 or 3-level independent DC-DC converters to convert AC mains 48V high-voltage DC power supply, and then through a multi-stage DC-DC converter, the 48V is converted into a low voltage of 1V to 5V, which is supplied to the digital chip for operation.

However, with the increase in the number of power converter stages, resulting in efficiency loss and volume increase, based on the rapid increase in power consumption of data centers in the future, converting the power supply bus inside the server and network equipment from the original 12V to 48V is now A matter of urgency.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-output buck converter, which can achieve voltage conversion with high conversion efficiency by simplifying the circuit structure.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-output buck converter for stepping down an input voltage of a power supply to a complex output voltage. The multi-output buck converter includes: a first switch having a first switch an input terminal, a first control terminal and a first output terminal, the first input terminal is coupled to the power supply; a second switch is coupled to the first switch, and the second switch has a second input terminal, A second control terminal and a second output terminal, the second input terminal is coupled to the first output terminal, the second output terminal is grounded; the complex output circuit is coupled to the second input terminal of the second switch, each output The circuit has a coupled inductor and a first voltage stabilization capacitor, each coupled inductor and each first voltage stabilization capacitor are connected in series between the second input terminal and an output node, and each output node generates an output voltage; and a control The controller is coupled to the first control terminal of the first switch and the second control terminal of the second switch, and the controller can control whether the first switch or the second switch is turned on or not.

Through the above, the present invention uses the controller to control the first switch and the second switch, and cooperates with multiple sets of output circuits to achieve the effect of multiple sets of voltage outputs with high conversion efficiency through a simple circuit structure to meet different work requirements.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the controller can control the output voltages to maintain balance under the duty cycle control.

In addition, the electronic components of the present invention are simplified, which can effectively reduce the overall manufacturing cost.

10: The first switch

20: Second switch

30: Output circuit

31: The third switch

32: Coupled inductor

33: Fourth switch

40: Controller

N1: the first winding

N2: Second winding

V _in : input voltage

V _out : output voltage

L _m : magnetizing inductance

C _o : filter capacitor

R _o : output resistance

C _B1 : The first voltage regulator capacitor

C _B2 : The second voltage regulator capacitor

L _k : leakage inductance

1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention, showing a one-way power conversion mode, the first voltage regulator capacitor is coupled to the second switch, and the non-dot end of the first winding is coupled to the dot end of the second winding.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention, showing a unidirectional power conversion mode. The dotted end of the first winding is coupled to the second switch, and the non-dotted end of the first winding is coupled to the first voltage regulator capacitor.

3 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention, showing a unidirectional power conversion mode, the first voltage stabilization capacitor is coupled to the second switch, and the non-dot end of the first winding is coupled to the non-dot end of the second winding.

4 is a circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention, showing a unidirectional power conversion mode, the dotted end of the first winding is coupled to the second switch, and the non-dotted end of the first winding is coupled to the first stabilizing capacitor.

5 is a circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of the present invention, showing a bidirectional power conversion mode, the first voltage stabilization capacitor is coupled to the second switch, and the non-dot end of the first winding is coupled to the dot end of the second winding.

6 is a circuit diagram of a sixth embodiment of the present invention, showing a bidirectional power conversion mode. The dotted end of the first winding is coupled to the second switch, and the non-dotted end of the first winding is coupled to the first stabilizing capacitor.

7 is a circuit diagram of a seventh embodiment of the present invention, showing a bidirectional power conversion mode. The first voltage stabilization capacitor is coupled to the second switch, and the non-dot end of the first winding is coupled to the non-dot end of the second winding.

8 is a circuit diagram of an eighth embodiment of the present invention, showing a bidirectional power conversion mode. The dotted end of the first winding is coupled to the second switch, and the non-dotted end of the first winding is coupled to the first stabilizing capacitor.

In order to facilitate the description of the central idea of the present invention expressed in the column of the above-mentioned summary of the invention, specific embodiments are hereby expressed. Various objects in the embodiments are in proportion, size, and deformation suitable for description Figures are drawn as quantities or displacements, rather than to scale with actual components.

The directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "side", etc., are only drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are used to describe and understand the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention, and will be described together first.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4 , the present invention provides a multi-output step-down converter, which is used to step down an input voltage Vin of a power supply to a complex output voltage Vout. In the first to fourth implementations of the present invention An example is the unidirectional power conversion mode.

The present invention is a multi-output step-down converter in a unidirectional power conversion mode, comprising:

A first switch 10 has a first input terminal, a first control terminal and a first output terminal. The first input terminal is coupled to a power source.

A second switch 20 is coupled to the first switch 10, the second switch 20 has a second input terminal, a second control terminal and a second output terminal, the second input terminal is coupled to the first output terminal, The second output terminal is grounded.

The complex output circuits 30 are respectively coupled to the first output terminal of the first switch 10 and the second input terminal of the second switch 20 , and each output circuit 30 has a third switch 31 , a coupling inductor 32 and a first The voltage-stabilizing capacitor C _B1 , each third switch 31 has a third input terminal, a third control terminal and a third output terminal, each coupling inductor 32 and each first voltage-stabilizing capacitor C _B1 are connected in series with the Between the second input terminals of the two switches 20 and an output node, each output node generates a corresponding output voltage V _out .

Each coupled inductor 32 has a first winding N1 and a second winding N2 ; please refer to FIG. 1 , in the first embodiment of the present invention, one end of the first stabilizing capacitor C _B1 and the second end of the second switch 20 The input end is coupled, the other end of the first voltage stabilizing capacitor C _B1 is coupled to the dotting end of the first winding N1 , the non-docking end of the first winding N1 and the dotting end of the second winding N2 and the third end of the third switch 31 The input end is coupled, and the non-dot end of the second winding N2 is coupled to the output node.

Please refer to FIG. 2 , in the second embodiment of the present invention, the dotting end of the first winding N1 is coupled to the second output end of the second switch 20 , and the non-doing end of the first winding N1 is connected to the first stabilizing capacitor One end of C _B1 is coupled to the other end of the first stabilizing capacitor C _B1 , the other end of the first stabilizing capacitor C B1 is coupled to the dot end of the second winding N2 and the third input end of the third switch 31 , and the non dot end of the second winding N2 is coupled to the output node catch.

Please refer to FIG. 3 , in the third embodiment of the present invention, one end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor C _B1 is coupled to the second input end of the second switch 20 , and the other end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor C _B1 is connected to the first The running terminal of the winding N1 is coupled, the non-running terminal of the first winding N1 is coupled to the non-running terminal of the second winding N2 and the third input terminal of the third switch 31, and the running terminal of the second winding N2 is coupled to the output node .

Please refer to FIG. 4 , in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the dotting end of the first winding N1 is coupled to the second output end of the second switch 20 , and the non-doing end of the first winding N1 is connected to the first stabilizing capacitor One end of C _B1 is coupled to the other end of the first stabilizing capacitor C _B1 , the other end of the first stabilizing capacitor C B1 is coupled to the non-docking end of the second winding N2 and the third input end of the third switch 31 , and the dot end of the second winding N2 is coupled to the output node catch.

Each output circuit 30 further has a magnetizing inductance L _m , a filtering capacitor C _o , an output resistance _Ro and a leakage inductance L _k , the magnetizing inductance L _m is connected in parallel with the first winding N1, one end of the filtering capacitor C _o and the output One end of the resistor _Ro is respectively coupled to the output node, the other end of the filter capacitor C _o and the other end of the output resistor _Ro are grounded, and the leakage inductance L _k is coupled between the second winding N2 and the filter capacitor C _o .

A controller 40 is coupled to the first control end of the first switch 10 , the second control end of the second switch 20 and the third control end of the third switch 31 , wherein, in each embodiment of the present invention, the control The device 40 can output a wave width modulation signal to control whether the first switch 10, the second switch 20 or the third switch 31 is turned on or not, and with the appropriate coupling inductance winding ratio and control program, the input voltage V _in can be stepped down, and the Each output circuit generates the required output voltage V _out , and can be manipulated by the controller 40 to generate a unidirectional power conversion mode.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the proportional relationship between the input voltage and each output voltage is as shown in formula 1.

In formula 1, the number of turns of the first winding is N1, the number of turns of the second winding is N2, V _in is the input voltage, V _out is the output voltage, and D is the duty cycle of the controller to output the PWM signal.

Referring to FIGS. 5 to 8 , the present invention provides another multi-output step-down converter. The present invention is a multi-output step-down converter in a bidirectional power conversion mode, further comprising:

Each output circuit 30 further has a fourth switch 33 and a second voltage-stabilizing capacitor C _B2 . Each fourth switch 33 has a fourth input terminal, a fourth control terminal and a fourth output terminal. The fourth input terminals of the four switches 33 are coupled to the coupling inductor 32 or the first voltage-stabilizing capacitor C _B1 , each second voltage-stabilizing capacitor C _B2 is connected in series with the fourth output terminal of each fourth switch 33 and the ground, each The fourth control terminal of the fourth switch 33 is coupled to the controller 40 , and the controller 40 can control whether each fourth switch is turned on or not.

Each coupled inductor 32 has a first winding N1 and a second winding N2 ; please refer to FIG. 5 , in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, one end of the first stabilizing capacitor C _B1 and the second end of the second switch 20 The input end is coupled, the other end of the first stabilizing capacitor C _B1 is coupled to the dotting end of the first winding N1, the non-dozing end of the first winding N1 is connected to the dotting end of the second winding N2, the third switch 31 The input terminal is coupled to the fourth input terminal of the fourth switch 33, and the non-dot terminal of the second winding N2 is coupled to the output node.

Please refer to FIG. 6 , in the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the dotting end of the first winding N1 is coupled to the second output end of the second switch 20 , and the non-doing end of the first winding N1 is connected to the first stabilizing capacitor One end of C _B1 is coupled to the other end of the first voltage stabilizing capacitor C _B1 and the dot end of the second winding N2, the third input end of the third switch 31 and the fourth input end of the fourth switch 33 are coupled. The non-dot end of the winding N2 is coupled to the output node.

Please refer to FIG. 7 , in the seventh embodiment of the present invention, one end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor C _B1 is coupled to the second input end of the second switch 20 , and the other end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor C _B1 is connected to the first The dotted end of the winding N1 is coupled, the non dotted end of the first winding N1 is coupled to the non dotted end of the second winding N2, the third input end of the third switch 31 and the fourth input end of the fourth switch 33, the second The dot terminal of the winding N2 is coupled to the output node.

Please refer to FIG. 8 , in the eighth embodiment of the present invention, the dot terminal of the first winding N1 is coupled to the second output end of the second switch 20 , and the non-dot end of the first winding N1 is connected to the first voltage stabilization capacitor One end of C _B1 is coupled to the other end of the first stabilizing capacitor C _B1 , and the other end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor C B1 is coupled to the non-dot end of the second winding N2 , the third input end of the third switch 31 and the fourth input end of the fourth switch 33 . The dot terminal of the second winding N2 is coupled to the output node.

In each embodiment of the present invention, the controller 40 can output a WBM signal to control whether the first switch 10 , the second switch 20 , the third switch 31 or the fourth switch 33 is turned on or not, and is matched with an appropriate coupling inductor winding ratio and The control program can step down the input voltage V _in to generate the required output voltage V _out in each output circuit, and can generate a bidirectional power conversion mode through the control of the controller 40 .

In summary, the present invention can achieve the following effects:

1. In the present invention, the controller 40 controls the conduction of the first switch 10, the second switch 20 and the third switch 31 and the fourth switch 33 of each output circuit 30, so that the input voltage V _in can be generated with high conversion efficiency. The group output voltage V _out is used to meet different work requirements.

2. In the present invention, the controller 40 can control each output voltage V _out to maintain a balance under the control of the duty cycle.

3. The number of the output circuits 30 of the present invention can be increased or decreased according to requirements to meet different work requirements.

4. The electronic components of the present invention are simplified, which can effectively reduce the overall manufacturing cost.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. All the modifications or changes that do not violate the spirit of the present invention belong to the intended protection category of the present invention.

10: The first switch

20: Second switch

30: Output circuit

31: The third switch

32: Coupled inductor

40: Controller

N1: the first winding

N2: Second winding

V _in : input voltage

V _out : output voltage

L _m : magnetizing inductance

C _o : filter capacitor

R _o : output resistance

C _B1 : The first voltage regulator capacitor

L _k : leakage inductance

Claims (9)

A multi-output step-down converter is used to step down an input voltage of a power supply to a complex output voltage. The multi-output step-down converter includes: a first switch, which has a first input end, a first control terminal and a first output terminal, the first input terminal is coupled to the power supply; a second switch is coupled to the first switch, the second switch has a second input terminal, a second control terminal and a second output terminal, the second input terminal is coupled to the first output terminal, the second output terminal is grounded; a plurality of output circuits are coupled to the second input terminal of the second switch, and each output circuit has A coupled inductor, a first voltage stabilization capacitor and a third switch, each third switch has a third input terminal, a third control terminal and a third output terminal, each coupled inductor and each first voltage regulator A voltage capacitor is connected in series between the second input terminal and an output node, each output node generates the output voltage, each third input terminal is coupled with the coupling inductor or the first voltage regulator capacitor, each a third output terminal is grounded; and a controller coupled to the first control terminal of the first switch, the second control terminal of the second switch and the third control terminal of each third switch, the controller The first switch, the second switch or each third switch can be controlled to be turned on or off. The multi-output buck converter of claim 1, wherein each output circuit has a fourth switch, and each fourth switch has a fourth input terminal, a fourth control terminal, and a fourth output terminal, Each fourth input terminal is coupled to the coupling inductor or the first voltage regulator capacitor, each fourth output terminal is grounded, and each fourth control terminal is coupled to the controller, and the controller can control each The fourth switch is turned on or not. The multi-output buck converter of claim 2, wherein each coupled inductor has a first winding and a second winding, and one end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor is coupled to the second input end, so The other end of the first voltage-stabilizing capacitor is coupled with the dotting end of the first winding, and the non-dotting end of the first winding is coupled with the dotting end of the second winding and the third input end, so the The non-dot end of the second winding is coupled to the output node; the fourth input end is coupled to the dot end of the second winding. The multi-output buck converter as claimed in claim 2, wherein each coupled inductor has a first winding and a second winding, the dot end of the first winding is coupled to the second output end, the The non-dot end of the first winding is coupled to one end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor, and the other end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor is coupled to the dot end of the second winding and the third input end, so The non-dot end of the second winding is coupled to the output node; the fourth input end is coupled to the dot end of the second winding. The multi-output buck converter of claim 2, wherein each coupled inductor has a first winding and a second winding, and one end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor is coupled to the second input end, so The other end of the first stabilizing capacitor is coupled to the dot terminal of the first winding, the non-dot end of the first winding is coupled to the non-dot end of the second winding and the third input end, The dotted end of the second winding is coupled to the output node; the fourth input end is coupled to the non dotted end of the second winding. The multi-output buck converter as claimed in claim 2, wherein each coupled inductor has a first winding and a second winding, the dot terminal of the first winding is coupled to the second output terminal, the The non-dot end of the first winding is coupled to one end of the first voltage regulator capacitor, and the other end of the first voltage regulator capacitor is coupled to the non-dot end of the second winding and the third input end, The dotted end of the second winding is coupled to the output node; the fourth input end is coupled to the non dotted end of the second winding. The multi-output buck converter of any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein each output circuit has a magnetizing inductor, the magnetizing inductor being connected in parallel with the first winding. The multi-output buck converter of claim 7, wherein each output circuit has a filter capacitor and an output resistor, and one end of the filter capacitor and one end of the output resistor are respectively connected to The output node is coupled, and the other end of the filter capacitor and the other end of the output resistor are grounded. The multi-output buck converter of claim 8, wherein each output circuit has a second voltage regulator capacitor and a leakage inductance, the second voltage regulator capacitor is connected in series between the fourth output terminal and ground , the leakage inductance is connected in series between the second winding and the filter capacitor.

Images