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TWI769558B - Power switching structure for electric vehicles - Google Patents

Power switching structure for electric vehicles Download PDF

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TWI769558B
TWI769558B TW109135898A TW109135898A TWI769558B TW I769558 B TWI769558 B TW I769558B TW 109135898 A TW109135898 A TW 109135898A TW 109135898 A TW109135898 A TW 109135898A TW I769558 B TWI769558 B TW I769558B
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battery pack
unit
battery
switch
module
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TW109135898A
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TW202216490A (en
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王棟生
江欣展
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三陽工業股份有限公司
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Abstract

A power switching structure for electric vehicles is provided. The power switching structure utilizes dual starting switches on an electric vehicle. The power switching structure achieves the switching between different battery groups to increase the endurance of the electric vehicle.

Description

電動車輛的電源切換架構Power Switching Architecture for Electric Vehicles

本發明係有關於一種電源切換架構，特別是有關於一種電動車輛的電源切換架構。The present invention relates to a power switching structure, in particular to a power switching structure of an electric vehicle.

在電動車輛上，由於電池的容量有限，所以造成電動車輛的續航力相對有限。為了解決續航力不足的問題，所以有各種方式來作對應，最常見的方式有四種：(1)廣設換電站。(2)快充電池搭配廣設快充站。(3)大容量的固定電池。(4)電動車輛設並聯器或切換器。On electric vehicles, due to the limited capacity of the battery, the cruising range of the electric vehicle is relatively limited. In order to solve the problem of insufficient battery life, there are various ways to deal with it. The most common ways are four: (1) Widely set up replacement stations. (2) The fast-charging battery is equipped with a wide-ranging fast-charging station. (3) Large-capacity fixed battery. (4) Electric vehicles are equipped with a parallel or switch.

針對(1)和(2)的方式，需要投入大量的基礎建設，土地的租金和相關維護費用。若沒有政府的補助，很難將費用轉嫁到一般消費者身上。若是採用(3)的方式，代表電動車輛的售價會相對提高。對於家中一樓無充電設施的消費者也較不具吸引力。(4)的方式是許多車廠會選擇的方式。透過並聯器或切換器來達到電動車輛續航力提高。然而，萬一並聯器或切換器故障時，可能造成電動車輛斷電的現象。For the methods (1) and (2), a large amount of infrastructure construction, land rent and related maintenance costs need to be invested. Without government subsidies, it is difficult to pass the cost on to the average consumer. If the method of (3) is adopted, the selling price of the electric vehicle will be relatively increased. It is also less attractive to consumers who do not have charging facilities on the first floor of their homes. The method of (4) is the method that many car manufacturers will choose. Through the parallel or switch to achieve the improvement of the battery life of the electric vehicle. However, in the event of a failure of the paralleler or switcher, the electric vehicle may be powered off.

為解決上述問題，避免產生並聯器或切換器的成本，也同時避開增加裝置造成故障率的提高，所以本發明的目的係在，不增加新裝置或更簡易裝置的條件下，利用雙啟動開關的方式，達成兩組以上的不同電池組進行切換。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, avoid the cost of generating parallel devices or switches, and at the same time avoid the increase of failure rate caused by adding devices, so the purpose of the present invention is to use double-start without adding new devices or simpler devices. The way of switching can achieve switching between two or more different battery packs.

為達到上述目的，本發明之一實施例提供一種電源切換架構，適用於一電動車輛。電源切換架構包括兩組以上的電池組以及一啟動開關。兩組以上的電池組供電予電動車輛。每一電池組有一開關單元。開關單元可控制一電池模組是否進行充電或放電。啟動開關係為一實體鑰匙。啟動開關連接到兩組以上的電池組。當啟動開關切換為不同狀態時，可選擇開啟該兩組以上的電池組中的一組電池組或換開啟該兩組以上的電池組中的另一組電池組。To achieve the above objective, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power switching structure suitable for an electric vehicle. The power switching structure includes more than two battery packs and a start switch. Two or more battery packs supply power to the electric vehicle. Each battery pack has a switch unit. The switch unit can control whether a battery module is charged or discharged. The activation switch relationship is an entity key. The start switch is connected to more than two battery packs. When the start switch is switched to a different state, one of the two or more battery packs can be selected to be turned on or another battery pack of the two or more battery packs can be switched on.

在另一實施例中，電源切換架構包括兩組以上的電池組、一啟動開關、一顯示模組、一輔助電池以及兩組以上的繼電器裝置。兩組以上的電池組供電予電動車輛。每一電池組有一開關單元和一通訊單元。開關單元可控制一電池模組是否進行充電或放電。啟動開關係為一實體鑰匙。顯示模組可顯示車速或電量等資訊，並包括一通訊單元、一接收單元以及一輸出單元。接收單元接收一開關訊號。輔助電池主要供電予顯示模組作使用。兩組以上的繼電器裝置連接到不同的電池組來作電源切換。啟動開關連接到顯示模組。顯示模組透過兩組以上的繼電器裝置來開啟不同的電池組，在開啟相對應的電池組後，依照電池組的電量、電壓或溫度來決定是否關閉，關閉後再開啟另一組電池組。In another embodiment, the power switching structure includes two or more battery packs, a start switch, a display module, an auxiliary battery, and more than two sets of relay devices. Two or more battery packs supply power to the electric vehicle. Each battery pack has a switch unit and a communication unit. The switch unit can control whether a battery module is charged or discharged. The activation switch relationship is an entity key. The display module can display information such as vehicle speed or electric quantity, and includes a communication unit, a receiving unit and an output unit. The receiving unit receives a switch signal. The auxiliary battery mainly supplies power to the display module for use. More than two sets of relay devices are connected to different battery packs for power switching. The start switch is connected to the display module. The display module turns on different battery packs through more than two sets of relay devices. After turning on the corresponding battery pack, it decides whether to turn it off according to the power, voltage or temperature of the battery pack, and then turn on another battery pack after turning it off.

本發明之另一實施例提供一種電源切換架構，適用於一電動車輛。電源切換架構包括兩組以上的電池組、一啟動開關、一通訊模組、一輔助電池以及兩組以上的繼電器裝置。兩組以上的電池組用以供電予電動車輛。每一電池組有一開關單元和一通訊單元。開關單元可控制一電池模組是否進行充電或放電。啟動開關係為一實體鑰匙。通訊模組包括一通訊單元、一接收單元以及一輸出單元。接收單元接收開關訊號。輔助電池主要供電予通訊模組作使用。兩組以上的繼電器裝置連接到不同的電池組來作電源切換。啟動開關連接到通訊模組。通訊模組透過兩組以上的繼電器裝置來開啟不同的電池組，在開啟相對應的電池組後，依照電池組的電量、電壓或溫度來決定是否關閉，關閉後再開啟另一組電池組，完成以上的切換方式。Another embodiment of the present invention provides a power switching structure suitable for an electric vehicle. The power switching structure includes more than two sets of battery packs, a start switch, a communication module, an auxiliary battery and more than two sets of relay devices. Two or more battery packs are used to supply power to the electric vehicle. Each battery pack has a switch unit and a communication unit. The switch unit can control whether a battery module is charged or discharged. The activation switch relationship is an entity key. The communication module includes a communication unit, a receiving unit and an output unit. The receiving unit receives the switch signal. The auxiliary battery mainly supplies power to the communication module for use. More than two sets of relay devices are connected to different battery packs for power switching. The start switch is connected to the communication module. The communication module uses more than two sets of relay devices to turn on different battery packs. After turning on the corresponding battery pack, it decides whether to turn it off according to the power, voltage or temperature of the battery pack, and then turn on another battery pack after turning it off. Complete the above switching method.

為讓本發明之目的、特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉出實施例，並配合所附圖式，做詳細之說明。本發明說明書提供不同的實施例來說明本發明不同實施方式的技術特徵。其中，實施例中的各元件之配置係為說明之用，並非用以限制本發明。另外，實施例中圖式標號之部分重覆，係為了簡化說明，並非意指不同實施例之間的關聯性。In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the following specific embodiments are given and described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The present specification provides different embodiments to illustrate the technical features of different embodiments of the present invention. Wherein, the configuration of each element in the embodiment is for illustration, and not for limiting the present invention. In addition, parts of the reference numerals in the drawings in the embodiments are repeated for the purpose of simplifying the description, and do not mean the correlation between different embodiments.

第1A圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的一示意圖。如圖所示，電源切換架構100包括一啟動開關102、一電池組A 104及一電池組B 106。啟動開關102為一雙啟動開關，用以選擇開啟電池組A 104或是選擇開啟電池組B 106。在一可能實施例中，啟動開關102係為一實體鑰匙開關。在其它實施例中，啟動開關102具有三段以上的設計。FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. As shown, the power switching architecture 100 includes a start switch 102 , a battery pack A 104 and a battery pack B 106 . The start switch 102 is a dual start switch, used to select to turn on the battery pack A 104 or to select to turn on the battery pack B 106 . In a possible embodiment, the start switch 102 is a physical key switch. In other embodiments, the activation switch 102 has more than three stage designs.

本發明並不限定電池組的數量。在其它實施例中，電源切換架構100可能具有兩組以上的電池組。為方便說明，假設電源切換架構100具有兩電池組。在本實施例中，電池組A 104至少具有一接收單元108及一開關單元110。接收單元108用以判斷啟動開關102的狀態。開關單元110根據接收單元108的判斷結果，決定電池組A 104的一電池模組(未顯示)是否進行充電或放電。在一可能實施例中，電池組A 104的電池模組係為一鋰電池組。The present invention does not limit the number of battery packs. In other embodiments, the power switching architecture 100 may have more than two battery packs. For the convenience of description, it is assumed that the power switching architecture 100 has two battery packs. In this embodiment, the battery pack A 104 at least has a receiving unit 108 and a switching unit 110 . The receiving unit 108 is used to determine the state of the start switch 102 . The switch unit 110 determines whether to charge or discharge a battery module (not shown) of the battery pack A 104 according to the judgment result of the receiving unit 108 . In a possible embodiment, the battery module of the battery pack A 104 is a lithium battery pack.

舉例而言，當接收單元108得知啟動開關102操作於一第一狀態時，表示啟動開關102未被啟動。因此，開關單元110不導通。此時，電池組A 104不進行充電或放電。當接收單元108得知啟動開關102操作於一第二狀態時，表示啟動開關102被啟動，並且指定電池組A 104。因此，開關單元110導通。此時，電池組A 104可能進行充電或放電(如輸出電源予電動車輛)。當接收單元108得知啟動開關102操作於一第三狀態時，表示啟動開關102被啟動，但卻未指定電池組A 104。因此，開關單元110不導通。此時，電池組A 104不進行充電或放電。For example, when the receiving unit 108 learns that the activation switch 102 is operating in a first state, it means that the activation switch 102 is not activated. Therefore, the switch unit 110 is not turned on. At this time, the battery pack A 104 is not charged or discharged. When the receiving unit 108 learns that the start switch 102 is operated in a second state, it means that the start switch 102 is activated, and the battery pack A 104 is designated. Therefore, the switching unit 110 is turned on. At this time, the battery pack A 104 may be charged or discharged (eg, outputting power to an electric vehicle). When the receiving unit 108 learns that the start switch 102 is operated in a third state, it means that the start switch 102 is activated, but the battery pack A 104 is not specified. Therefore, the switch unit 110 is not turned on. At this time, the battery pack A 104 is not charged or discharged.

電池組B 106至少具有一接收單元112及一開關單元114。接收單元112用以判斷啟動開關102的狀態。開關單元114根據接收單元112的判斷結果，決定電池組B 106的一電池模組(未顯示)是否進行充電或放電。在一可能實施例中，電池組B 106的電池模組係為一鋰電池組。The battery pack B 106 has at least a receiving unit 112 and a switching unit 114 . The receiving unit 112 is used for judging the state of the start switch 102 . The switch unit 114 determines whether to charge or discharge a battery module (not shown) of the battery pack B 106 according to the judgment result of the receiving unit 112 . In a possible embodiment, the battery module of the battery pack B 106 is a lithium battery pack.

舉例而言，當接收單元112得知啟動開關102操作於一第一狀態時，表示啟動開關102未被啟動。因此，開關單元114不導通。此時，電池組B 106不進行充電或放電。當接收單元112得知啟動開關102操作於一第二狀態時，表示啟動開關102被啟動，但未指定電池組B 106。因此，開關單元114不導通。此時，電池組B 106不進行充電或放電。當接收單元112得知啟動開關102操作於一第三狀態時，表示啟動開關102被啟動，並且指定電池組B 106。因此，開關單元114導通。此時，電池組B 106進行充電或放電，如輸出電源。For example, when the receiving unit 112 learns that the activation switch 102 is operating in a first state, it means that the activation switch 102 is not activated. Therefore, the switch unit 114 is not turned on. At this time, the battery pack B 106 is not charged or discharged. When the receiving unit 112 learns that the start switch 102 is operated in a second state, it means that the start switch 102 is activated, but the battery pack B 106 is not specified. Therefore, the switch unit 114 is not turned on. At this time, the battery pack B 106 is not charged or discharged. When the receiving unit 112 learns that the start switch 102 is operated in a third state, it means that the start switch 102 is activated, and the battery pack B 106 is designated. Therefore, the switching unit 114 is turned on. At this point, the battery pack B 106 is charged or discharged, such as outputting power.

在一些實施例中，電池組A 104與電池組B 106各自具有一預充電電路(未顯示)。以電池組A 104為例，電池組A 104的預充電電路係用以對負載(如馬達控制器、直流變壓器)提供一充電電流。在此例中，該充電電流係為一小電流。當預充電電路利用小電流對負載充電時，便可避免產生突波。在一可能實施例中，開關單元110根據充電電流的大小，控制電池組A 104的電池模組是否進行充電或放電。In some embodiments, battery pack A 104 and battery pack B 106 each have a precharge circuit (not shown). Taking the battery pack A 104 as an example, the pre-charging circuit of the battery pack A 104 is used to provide a charging current to a load (eg, a motor controller, a DC transformer). In this example, the charging current is a small current. When the precharge circuit charges the load with a small current, the surge can be avoided. In a possible embodiment, the switch unit 110 controls whether the battery modules of the battery pack A 104 are charged or discharged according to the magnitude of the charging current.

在一可能實施例中，電池組A 104與電池組B 106各自具有一通訊單元(未顯示)。在此例中，電池組A 104與電池組B 106藉由各自的通訊單元和至少一負載溝通。本發明並不限定負載的種類。在一可能實施例中，負載至少包括一儀表以及一馬達控制器。本發明並不限定通訊單元的種類。在一可能實施例中，通訊單元係為一控制器區域網路匯流排(Controller Area Network BUS；Can Bus)。In one possible embodiment, battery pack A 104 and battery pack B 106 each have a communication unit (not shown). In this example, battery pack A 104 and battery pack B 106 communicate with at least one load through respective communication units. The present invention does not limit the kind of load. In a possible embodiment, the load includes at least a meter and a motor controller. The present invention does not limit the types of communication units. In a possible embodiment, the communication unit is a controller area network bus (Controller Area Network BUS; Can Bus).

在其它實施例中，為了和電池組溝通，每一負載也具有一對應的通訊單元(如Can Bus)。以儀表及馬達控制器為例，儀表及馬達控制器透過本身的通訊單元連接電池組。在一可能實施例中，儀表及馬達控制器的內部各自具有一終端電阻。該終端電阻的兩端分別連接Can Bus的兩接腳。稍後將透過第7圖說明Can Bus的架構。In other embodiments, in order to communicate with the battery pack, each load also has a corresponding communication unit (eg, Can Bus). Taking the meter and motor controller as an example, the meter and motor controller are connected to the battery pack through their own communication unit. In a possible embodiment, the meter and the motor controller each have a terminating resistor inside. The two ends of the terminal resistor are respectively connected to the two pins of the Can Bus. The architecture of the Can Bus will be explained later through Figure 7.

在另一實施例中，電池組A 104與電池組B 106可能各自具有一溫度偵測單元(未顯示)。以電池組A 104為例，電池組A 104的溫度偵測單元用以偵測電池組A 104的溫度高低。在此例中，開關單元110根據溫度偵測單元的偵測結果，決定電池模組是否進行充電或放電。舉例而言，當電池組A 104的溫度高於一臨界值(例:60℃)時，開關單元110不導通。因此，電池組A 104的電池模組不進行充電或放電。當電池組A 104的溫度低於臨界值(例:60℃)時，開關單元110導通。因此，電池組A 104的電池模組進行充電或放電。本發明並不限定溫度偵測單元的架構。在一可能實施例中，溫度偵測單元係根據熱敏電阻的阻值變化，判斷溫度的高低。In another embodiment, battery pack A 104 and battery pack B 106 may each have a temperature detection unit (not shown). Taking the battery pack A 104 as an example, the temperature detection unit of the battery pack A 104 is used to detect the temperature of the battery pack A 104 . In this example, the switch unit 110 determines whether to charge or discharge the battery module according to the detection result of the temperature detection unit. For example, when the temperature of the battery pack A 104 is higher than a critical value (eg, 60° C.), the switch unit 110 is turned off. Therefore, the battery modules of battery pack A 104 are not charged or discharged. When the temperature of the battery pack A 104 is lower than a critical value (eg, 60° C.), the switch unit 110 is turned on. Accordingly, the battery modules of the battery pack A 104 are charged or discharged. The present invention does not limit the structure of the temperature detection unit. In a possible embodiment, the temperature detection unit determines the temperature according to the resistance change of the thermistor.

第1B圖為本發明之啟動開關102的狀態示意圖。在本實施例中，啟動開關102係為一鑰匙開關116。當使用者將車輛鑰匙插入鑰匙開關116，如果使用者未轉動鑰匙開關116，則啟動開關102處於一第一狀態。此時，啟動開關102裡的兩開關均未導通。FIG. 1B is a state diagram of the start switch 102 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the start switch 102 is a key switch 116 . When the user inserts the vehicle key into the key switch 116, if the user does not turn the key switch 116, the start switch 102 is in a first state. At this time, neither of the two switches in the start switch 102 is turned on.

當使用者將車輛鑰匙插入鑰匙開關116，並且往左轉動時，啟動開關102處於一第二狀態。此時，啟動開關102裡一開關(如左開關)被導通。當使用者將車輛鑰匙插入鑰匙開關116，並且往右轉動時，啟動開關102處於第三狀態。此時，啟動開關102裡的另一開關(如右開關)被導通。When the user inserts the vehicle key into the key switch 116 and turns it to the left, the start switch 102 is in a second state. At this time, a switch (eg, the left switch) in the start switch 102 is turned on. When the user inserts the vehicle key into the key switch 116 and turns it to the right, the start switch 102 is in the third state. At this time, another switch (eg, the right switch) in the start switch 102 is turned on.

第2A圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。如圖所示，電源切換架構200包括一啟動開關202、一多段式開關204、一電池組A 206及一電池組B 208。啟動開關202連接到多段式開關204，透過多段式開關204選擇開啟電池組A 206或是選擇開啟電池組B 208。在此例中，電池組A 206及電池組B 208都有接收單元來判斷多段式開關204的狀態，因而完成兩組不同電池組的放電切換。FIG. 2A is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. As shown, the power switching architecture 200 includes a start switch 202 , a multi-stage switch 204 , a battery pack A 206 and a battery pack B 208 . The start switch 202 is connected to the multi-stage switch 204, and the multi-stage switch 204 is used to select whether to turn on the battery pack A 206 or the battery pack B 208 to be turned on. In this example, both the battery pack A 206 and the battery pack B 208 have receiving units to determine the state of the multi-stage switch 204, thus completing the discharge switching of the two different battery packs.

在本實施例中，啟動開關202和多段式開關204為串聯架構。因此，必需先開啟啟動開關202後，才能選擇開啟電池組A 206或是電池組B 208。在一可能實施例中，啟動開關202係為一實體鑰匙開關(Key)。在此例中，當使用者插入鑰匙於實體鑰匙開關，並轉動鑰匙時，表示啟動開關202被導通。In this embodiment, the start switch 202 and the multi-segment switch 204 are connected in series. Therefore, the start switch 202 must be turned on first, and then the battery pack A 206 or the battery pack B 208 can be selected to be turned on. In a possible embodiment, the start switch 202 is a physical key switch (Key). In this example, when the user inserts the key into the physical key switch and turns the key, it means that the start switch 202 is turned on.

本發明並不限定多段式開關204的架構。在一可能實施例中，多段式開關204係為一獨立多段式開關，其可切換兩種以上的狀態。為方便說明，假設，多段式開關204係為一兩段式開關，其可能操作於一第一狀態或是一第二狀態。當多段式開關204操作於一第一狀態時，表示選擇開啟電池組A 206。當多段式開關204操作於一第二狀態時，表示選擇開啟電池組B 208。The present invention does not limit the structure of the multi-stage switch 204 . In a possible embodiment, the multi-stage switch 204 is an independent multi-stage switch that can switch more than two states. For the convenience of description, it is assumed that the multi-stage switch 204 is a two-stage switch, which may operate in a first state or a second state. When the multi-stage switch 204 is operated in a first state, it indicates that the battery pack A 206 is selected to be turned on. When the multi-stage switch 204 is operated in a second state, it indicates that the battery pack B 208 is selected to be turned on.

電池組A 206至少具有一接收單元210及一開關單元212。接收單元210用以判斷啟動開關202及多段式開關204的狀態。開關單元212根據接收單元210的判斷結果，決定電池組A 206是否進行充電/放電。舉例而言，當啟動開關202被開啟時，接收單元210判斷多段式開關204的狀態。此時，當多段式開關204操作於第一狀態時，開關單元212導通。在此例中，電池組A 206進行充電或放電。當電池組A 206進行放電時，電池組A 206可能供電予外部負載。然而，如果多段式開關204操作於第二狀態時，開關單元212不導通。因此，電池組A 206不進行充電及放電。在一些實施例中，電池組A 206更包括一電池模組、一預充電電路、一通訊單元及一溫度偵測單元之至少一者。由於電池模組、預充電電路、通訊單元及溫度偵測單元的作用已記載如上，故不再贅述。The battery pack A 206 at least has a receiving unit 210 and a switching unit 212 . The receiving unit 210 is used for judging the states of the start switch 202 and the multi-stage switch 204 . The switch unit 212 determines whether or not to charge/discharge the battery pack A 206 according to the judgment result of the receiving unit 210 . For example, when the enabling switch 202 is turned on, the receiving unit 210 determines the state of the multi-stage switch 204 . At this time, when the multi-stage switch 204 operates in the first state, the switch unit 212 is turned on. In this example, battery pack A 206 is being charged or discharged. When the battery pack A 206 is being discharged, the battery pack A 206 may supply power to an external load. However, if the multi-stage switch 204 operates in the second state, the switch unit 212 is not turned on. Therefore, the battery pack A 206 is not charged and discharged. In some embodiments, the battery pack A 206 further includes at least one of a battery module, a pre-charging circuit, a communication unit and a temperature detection unit. Since the functions of the battery module, the pre-charging circuit, the communication unit and the temperature detection unit have been described above, they will not be repeated here.

電池組B 208至少具有一接收單元214及一開關單元216。接收單元214用以判斷啟動開關202及多段式開關204的狀態。開關單元216根據接收單元214的判斷結果，決定電池組B 208是否進行充電或放電。舉例而言，當啟動開關202被開啟時，接收單元214判斷多段式開關204的狀態。此時，當多段式開關204操作於第一狀態時，開關單元216不導通。因此，電池組B 208不進行充電及放電。然而，如果多段式開關204操作於第二狀態時，開關單元216導通。因此，電池組B 208進行充電或放電。在一些實施例中，電池組B 208更包括一電池模組、一預充電電路、一通訊單元及一溫度偵測單元之至少一者。由於電池模組、預充電電路、通訊單元及溫度偵測單元的作用已記載如上，故不再贅述。The battery pack B 208 at least has a receiving unit 214 and a switching unit 216 . The receiving unit 214 is used for judging the states of the start switch 202 and the multi-stage switch 204 . The switch unit 216 determines whether to charge or discharge the battery pack B 208 according to the judgment result of the receiving unit 214 . For example, when the start switch 202 is turned on, the receiving unit 214 determines the state of the multi-stage switch 204 . At this time, when the multi-stage switch 204 operates in the first state, the switch unit 216 is not turned on. Therefore, the battery pack B 208 is not charged and discharged. However, if the multi-stage switch 204 operates in the second state, the switch unit 216 is turned on. Therefore, the battery pack B 208 is charged or discharged. In some embodiments, the battery pack B 208 further includes at least one of a battery module, a pre-charging circuit, a communication unit and a temperature detection unit. Since the functions of the battery module, the pre-charging circuit, the communication unit and the temperature detection unit have been described above, they will not be repeated here.

第2B圖為本發明之多段式開關204的狀態示意圖。在一可能實施例中，多段式開關204係為一兩段式開關218。在此例中，當使用者將兩段式開關218往左切換時，多段式開關204操作於一第一狀態。此時，如果啟動開關202也被開啟，則可選擇電池組A 206，使得電池組A 206供電予車輛。然而，當使用者將兩段式開關218往右切換時，多段式開關204操作於一第二狀態。此時，如果啟動開關202也被開啟，則可選擇電池組B 208，使得電池組B 208供電予車輛。FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the state of the multi-stage switch 204 of the present invention. In one possible embodiment, the multi-stage switch 204 is a two-stage switch 218 . In this example, when the user switches the two-stage switch 218 to the left, the multi-stage switch 204 operates in a first state. At this time, if the start switch 202 is also turned on, the battery pack A 206 can be selected so that the battery pack A 206 can supply power to the vehicle. However, when the user switches the two-stage switch 218 to the right, the multi-stage switch 204 operates in a second state. At this time, if the start switch 202 is also turned on, the battery pack B 208 can be selected so that the battery pack B 208 supplies power to the vehicle.

第3圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。如圖所示，電源切換架構300包括一啟動開關302、一顯示模組304、一輔助電池306、一繼電器一308、一繼電器二310、一電池組A 312及一電池組B 314。啟動開關302連接顯示模組304，並透過顯示模組304選擇開啟電池組A 312或是選擇開啟電池組B 314。在一可實施例中，啟動開關302是一實體鑰匙開關。當使用者插入鑰匙於實體鑰匙開關中，並往一特定方向(如往右)轉動時，啟動開關302被開啟。FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the power switching structure 300 includes a start switch 302 , a display module 304 , an auxiliary battery 306 , a relay 1 308 , a relay 2 310 , a battery pack A 312 and a battery pack B 314 . The start switch 302 is connected to the display module 304 , and the display module 304 selects to turn on the battery pack A 312 or select to turn on the battery pack B 314 . In an alternative embodiment, the activation switch 302 is a physical key switch. When the user inserts the key into the physical key switch and turns it in a specific direction (eg, rightward), the start switch 302 is turned on.

在本實施例中，顯示模組304內建自動開關裝置，用以在電池組A 312以及電池組B 314中進行切換。舉例而言，當啟動開關302被開啟時，顯示模組304選擇電池組A 312及電池組B 314之一者供電，並根據正在供電的電池組的狀態，決定何時切換至另一電池組。另外，在顯示模組304選擇電池組A 312及電池組B 314之一者供電時，顯示模組304與供電的電池組溝通，並依照供電的電池組的電量、電壓或溫度，決定是否關閉供電的電池組，並在關閉供電的電池組後，再開啟另一電池組。In this embodiment, the display module 304 has a built-in automatic switch device for switching between the battery pack A 312 and the battery pack B 314 . For example, when the start switch 302 is turned on, the display module 304 selects one of the battery pack A 312 and the battery pack B 314 to supply power, and determines when to switch to the other battery pack according to the state of the battery pack being powered. In addition, when the display module 304 selects one of the battery pack A 312 and the battery pack B 314 to supply power, the display module 304 communicates with the powered battery pack, and determines whether to turn off the power supply according to the power, voltage or temperature of the powered battery pack powered battery pack, and after turning off the powered battery pack, turn on another battery pack.

舉例而言，當啟動開關302被開啟時，顯示模組304可能先選擇電池組A 312。在電池組A 312供電的同時，顯示模組304與電池組A 312溝通，用以得知電池組A 312的狀態。當電池組A 312的狀態不符合一預設標準時，顯示模組304改選擇電池組B 314供電。由於顯示模組304適時地切換到另一電池組(如電池組B 314)，故可避免原先供電的電池組(如電池組A 312)受到損傷，進而提高電池組的壽命。For example, when the activation switch 302 is turned on, the display module 304 may first select the battery pack A 312 . While the battery pack A 312 supplies power, the display module 304 communicates with the battery pack A 312 to know the status of the battery pack A 312 . When the state of the battery pack A 312 does not meet a predetermined standard, the display module 304 selects the battery pack B 314 for power supply instead. Since the display module 304 switches to another battery pack (eg, the battery pack B 314 ) in a timely manner, the battery pack (eg, the battery pack A 312 ) originally supplied with power can be prevented from being damaged, thereby improving the life of the battery pack.

在一可能實施例中，顯示模組304係為一儀表控制模組(Instrument Control Module；ICM)，用以控制電動車輛的燈具(未顯示)。在另一可能實施例中，顯示模組304更可顯示車速或電量等資訊。在本實施例中，顯示模組304至少包括一接收單元316、一輸出單元一318、一輸出單元二320以及一通訊單元322。在其它實施例中，顯示模組304具有其它的控制電路(未顯示)，用以控制電動車輛的燈具。In a possible embodiment, the display module 304 is an instrument control module (Instrument Control Module; ICM) for controlling lamps (not shown) of the electric vehicle. In another possible embodiment, the display module 304 can further display information such as vehicle speed or power level. In this embodiment, the display module 304 at least includes a receiving unit 316 , an output unit 1 318 , an output unit 2 320 and a communication unit 322 . In other embodiments, the display module 304 has other control circuits (not shown) for controlling the lamps of the electric vehicle.

接收單元316耦接啟動開關302，用以接收一開關訊號。在本實施例中，接收單元316根據開關訊號，判斷啟動開關302是否被開啟。當啟動開關302被開啟時，輸出單元一318或是輸出單元二320被觸發。在一可能實施例中，顯示模組304事先儲存一預設值。當該預設值指向輸出單元一318時，則在啟動開關302被開啟時，輸出單元一318被觸發。然而，當啟動開關302未被開啟時，輸出單元一318及輸出單元二320均不被觸發。The receiving unit 316 is coupled to the activation switch 302 for receiving a switch signal. In this embodiment, the receiving unit 316 determines whether the start switch 302 is turned on according to the switch signal. When the start switch 302 is turned on, the output unit 1 318 or the output unit 2 320 is activated. In a possible embodiment, the display module 304 stores a preset value in advance. When the preset value points to the output unit 1 318 , the output unit 1 318 is triggered when the start switch 302 is turned on. However, when the start switch 302 is not turned on, neither the output unit 1 318 nor the output unit 2 320 is activated.

當輸出單元一318被觸發時，輸出單元一318導通繼電器一308。當輸出單元一318未被觸發時，輸出單元一318不導通繼電器一308。同樣地，當輸出單元二320被觸發時，輸出單元二320導通繼電器二310。當輸出單元二320未被觸發時，輸出單元二320不導通繼電器二310。When the output unit one 318 is triggered, the output unit one 318 turns on the relay one 308 . When the output unit one 318 is not triggered, the output unit one 318 does not conduct the relay one 308 . Likewise, when the second output unit 320 is triggered, the second output unit 320 turns on the second relay 310 . When the output unit 2 320 is not triggered, the output unit 2 320 does not conduct the relay 2 310 .

通訊單元322用以取得電池組A 312及電池組B 314的狀態。以電池組A 312為例，在通訊單元322和電池組A 312溝通後，通訊單元322得知電池組A 312的電量狀態(State of Charge；SOC)、電壓狀態或是溫度狀態。當電池組A 312的狀態能夠繼續供電予負載時，輸出單元二320繼續導通繼電器二310。此時，電池組A 312的開關單元328導通，使得電池組A 312繼續供電予負載。然而，當電池組A 312的狀態不適合繼續供電予負載時(例如電池組A 312的電量狀態過低、或是電壓過低，或是溫度過高)，輸出單元二320停止導通繼電器二310。因此，電池組A 312的開關單元328不導通，故電池組A 312不再供電予負載。此時，輸出單元一318可以導通繼電器一308，用以導通電池組B 314的開關單元334，使得電池組B 314供電予外部負載。本發明並不限定通訊單元322種類。在一可能實施例中，通訊單元322係為一Can BUS。The communication unit 322 is used to obtain the status of the battery pack A 312 and the battery pack B 314 . Taking the battery pack A 312 as an example, after the communication unit 322 communicates with the battery pack A 312 , the communication unit 322 learns the state of charge (SOC), voltage status or temperature status of the battery pack A 312 . When the state of the battery pack A 312 can continue to supply power to the load, the output unit 2 320 continues to conduct the relay 2 310 . At this time, the switch unit 328 of the battery pack A 312 is turned on, so that the battery pack A 312 continues to supply power to the load. However, when the status of the battery pack A 312 is not suitable for continuing to supply power to the load (eg, the battery pack A 312 has a low state of charge, low voltage, or high temperature), the output unit 2 320 stops turning on the second relay 310 . Therefore, the switch unit 328 of the battery pack A 312 is not turned on, so the battery pack A 312 no longer supplies power to the load. At this time, the output unit 1 318 can turn on the relay 1 308 to turn on the switch unit 334 of the battery pack B 314 , so that the battery pack B 314 supplies power to the external load. The present invention does not limit the type of the communication unit 322 . In a possible embodiment, the communication unit 322 is a Can BUS.

繼電器一308由輸出單元一318控制。本發明並不限定繼電器一308的架構。在一可能實施例中，繼電器一308包括一線圈以及一開關。在此例中，當輸出單元一318被觸發時，輸出單元一318可以提供一導通信號予繼電器一308，用以導通繼電器一308裡的開關。Relay one 308 is controlled by output unit one 318 . The present invention does not limit the structure of the relay one 308 . In a possible embodiment, relay one 308 includes a coil and a switch. In this example, when the output unit one 318 is activated, the output unit one 318 can provide a conduction signal to the relay one 308 for turning on the switch in the relay one 308 .

繼電器二310由輸出單元二320控制。本發明並不限定繼電器二310的架構。在一可能實施例中，繼電器二310包括一線圈以及一開關。在此例中，當輸出單元二320被觸發時，輸出單元二320可以提供一導通信號予繼電器二310，用以導通繼電器二310裡的開關。The second relay 310 is controlled by the output unit two 320 . The present invention does not limit the structure of the second relay 310 . In a possible embodiment, the second relay 310 includes a coil and a switch. In this example, when the output unit 2 320 is triggered, the output unit 2 320 can provide a turn-on signal to the relay 2 310 for turning on the switch in the relay 2 310 .

本發明並不限定繼電器的數量。在一些實施例中，電源切換架構300具有兩組以上的繼電器裝置，用以連接到不同的電池組來作電源切換。在此例中，電源切換架構300可能具有更多的輸出單元，用以控制更多的繼電器裝置。The present invention does not limit the number of relays. In some embodiments, the power switching architecture 300 has more than two sets of relay devices for connecting to different battery packs for power switching. In this example, the power switching architecture 300 may have more output units to control more relay devices.

輔助電池306用以供電予顯示模組304。在一可能實施例中，輔助電池306係為一鉛酸電池，但並非用以限制本發明。在其它實施例中，輔助電池306為其它種類的電池。The auxiliary battery 306 is used to supply power to the display module 304 . In a possible embodiment, the auxiliary battery 306 is a lead-acid battery, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. In other embodiments, auxiliary battery 306 is another type of battery.

電池組A 312至少包括一通訊單元324、一接收單元326以及一開關單元328。通訊單元324用以和通訊單元322溝通。在本實施例中，通訊單元324提供電池組A 312的狀態予通訊單元322。接收單元326用以判斷繼電器二310是否被導通。開關單元328根據接收單元326的判斷結果，控制電池組A 312進行一充電程序或是一放電程序。The battery pack A 312 at least includes a communication unit 324 , a receiving unit 326 and a switch unit 328 . The communication unit 324 is used for communicating with the communication unit 322 . In this embodiment, the communication unit 324 provides the communication unit 322 with the status of the battery pack A 312 . The receiving unit 326 is used to determine whether the second relay 310 is turned on. The switch unit 328 controls the battery pack A 312 to perform a charging procedure or a discharging procedure according to the judgment result of the receiving unit 326 .

舉例而言，當繼電器二310被導通時，開關單元328也導通，使得電池組A 312進行一充電程序或是一放電程序。此時，當電池組A 312的電壓高於一臨界值時(例:39V)，表示電池組A 312的狀態符合一預設標準。因此，輸出單元二320繼續導通繼電器二310，使得電池組A 312繼續進行充電程序或是放電程序。然而，當電池組A 312的電壓低於臨界值時(例:39V)，表示電池組A 312的狀態不符合預設標準。因此，輸出單元二320不導通繼電器二310。此時，開關單元328不導通。因此，電池組A 312停止進行充電程序或是一放電程序。由於電池組A 312可在狀態不佳時，停止供電，故可避免電池組A 312受到損傷。For example, when the second relay 310 is turned on, the switch unit 328 is also turned on, so that the battery pack A 312 performs a charging process or a discharging process. At this time, when the voltage of the battery pack A 312 is higher than a threshold value (eg, 39V), it means that the state of the battery pack A 312 meets a predetermined standard. Therefore, the output unit 2 320 continues to turn on the relay 2 310, so that the battery pack A 312 continues to perform the charging process or the discharging process. However, when the voltage of the battery pack A 312 is lower than a critical value (eg, 39V), it means that the state of the battery pack A 312 does not meet the preset standard. Therefore, the second output unit 320 does not conduct the second relay 310 . At this time, the switch unit 328 is not turned on. Therefore, the battery pack A 312 stops the charging process or a discharging process. Since the battery pack A 312 can stop supplying power when the state is not good, damage to the battery pack A 312 can be avoided.

電池組B 314包括一通訊單元330、一接收單元332以及一開關單元334。通訊單元330用以和通訊單元322溝通。在本實施例中，通訊單元330提供電池組B 314的狀態予通訊單元322。接收單元332用以判斷繼電器一308是否被導通。開關單元334根據接收單元332的判斷結果，控制電池組B 314進行一充電程序或是一放電程序。由於通訊單元330、接收單元332以及開關單元334的動作相似於通訊單元324、接收單元326以及開關單元328，故不再贅述。The battery pack B 314 includes a communication unit 330 , a receiving unit 332 and a switch unit 334 . The communication unit 330 is used for communicating with the communication unit 322 . In this embodiment, the communication unit 330 provides the status of the battery pack B 314 to the communication unit 322 . The receiving unit 332 is used to determine whether the relay one 308 is turned on. The switch unit 334 controls the battery pack B 314 to perform a charging procedure or a discharging procedure according to the judgment result of the receiving unit 332 . Since the actions of the communication unit 330 , the receiving unit 332 and the switching unit 334 are similar to the actions of the communication unit 324 , the receiving unit 326 and the switching unit 328 , they will not be described again.

在一些實施例中，電池組A 312和電池組B 314可能各自更包括一電池模組、一預充電電路及一溫度偵測單元之至少一者。由於電池模組、預充電電路及溫度偵測單元的作用已記載如上，故不再贅述。In some embodiments, battery pack A 312 and battery pack B 314 may each further include at least one of a battery module, a pre-charging circuit, and a temperature detection unit. Since the functions of the battery module, the pre-charging circuit and the temperature detection unit have been described above, they will not be repeated here.

第4圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。如圖所示，電源切換架構400包括一啟動開關402、一通訊模組404、一輔助電池406、一繼電器一408、一繼電器二410、一電池組A 412及一電池組B 414。啟動開關402連接通訊模組404，並透過通訊模組404選擇開啟電池組A 412或是選擇開啟電池組B 414。由於啟動開關402的特性與第3圖的啟動開關302的特性相似，故不再贅述。FIG. 4 is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. As shown, the power switching structure 400 includes a start switch 402 , a communication module 404 , an auxiliary battery 406 , a relay 1 408 , a relay 2 410 , a battery pack A 412 and a battery pack B 414 . The activation switch 402 is connected to the communication module 404 , and through the communication module 404 , the battery pack A 412 is selected to be turned on or the battery pack B 414 is selected to be turned on. Since the characteristics of the start switch 402 are similar to the characteristics of the start switch 302 in FIG. 3 , detailed descriptions are omitted.

通訊模組404內建自動開關裝置，用以在電池組A 412與電池組B 414之中進行切換。舉例而言，當啟動開關402被開啟時，通訊模組404可能先選擇電池組A 412。在電池組A 412供電的同時，通訊模組404與電池組A 412溝通，用以得知電池組A 412的狀態。當電池組A 412的狀態不符合一預設標準時，通訊模組404改選擇電池組B 414供電。由於通訊模組404適時地切換到另一電池組(如電池組B 414)，故可避免原先供電的電池組(如電池組A 412)受到損傷，進而提高電池組的壽命。The communication module 404 has a built-in automatic switch device for switching between the battery pack A 412 and the battery pack B 414 . For example, when the activation switch 402 is turned on, the communication module 404 may select the battery pack A 412 first. While the battery pack A 412 supplies power, the communication module 404 communicates with the battery pack A 412 to know the status of the battery pack A 412 . When the state of the battery pack A 412 does not meet a predetermined standard, the communication module 404 selects the battery pack B 414 for power supply instead. Since the communication module 404 switches to another battery pack (eg, the battery pack B 414 ) in a timely manner, the battery pack (eg, the battery pack A 412 ) originally supplied with power can be prevented from being damaged, thereby improving the life of the battery pack.

本發明並不限定通訊模組404的種類。在一可能實施例中，通訊模組404係為一車輛控制單元(Vehicle Control Unit；VCU)。通訊模組404包括一接收單元416、一輸出單元一418、一輸出單元二420以及一通訊單元422。接收單元416耦接啟動開關402，用以判斷啟動開關402是否被開啟。輸出單元一418用以導通繼電器一408。輸出單元二420用以導通繼電器二410。由於接收單元416、輸出單元一418、輸出單元二420以及通訊單元422的動作相似於第3圖的接收單元316、輸出單元一318、輸出單元二320以及通訊單元322，故不再贅述。The present invention does not limit the type of the communication module 404 . In a possible embodiment, the communication module 404 is a vehicle control unit (Vehicle Control Unit; VCU). The communication module 404 includes a receiving unit 416 , an output unit 1 418 , an output unit 2 420 and a communication unit 422 . The receiving unit 416 is coupled to the start switch 402 for determining whether the start switch 402 is turned on. The output unit one 418 is used to turn on the relay one 408 . The second output unit 420 is used to turn on the second relay 410 . Since the actions of the receiving unit 416 , the output unit 1 418 , the output unit 2 420 and the communication unit 422 are similar to the actions of the receiving unit 316 , the output unit 1 318 , the output unit 2 320 and the communication unit 322 in FIG.

輔助電池406用以供電予通訊模組404。由於輔助電池406的特性與第3圖的輔助電池306的特性相似，故不再贅述。繼電器一408耦接於輸出單元一418與電池組B 414之間。繼電器二410耦接於輸出單元二420與電池組A 412之間。由於繼電器一408和繼電器二410的動作相似於第3圖的繼電器一308和繼電器二310的動作，故不再贅述。The auxiliary battery 406 is used to supply power to the communication module 404 . Since the characteristics of the auxiliary battery 406 are similar to those of the auxiliary battery 306 in FIG. 3 , detailed descriptions are omitted. The relay one 408 is coupled between the output unit one 418 and the battery pack B 414 . The second relay 410 is coupled between the output unit 2 420 and the battery pack A 412 . Since the actions of the first relay 408 and the second relay 410 are similar to the actions of the first relay 308 and the second relay 310 in FIG. 3 , they will not be described again.

電池組A 412至少包括一通訊單元424、一接收單元426以及一開關單元428。通訊單元424用以提供電池組A 412的狀態予通訊單元422。接收單元426用以判斷繼電器二410是否被導通。開關單元428根據接收單元426的判斷結果，控制電池組A 412的一電池模組(未顯示)是否進行充電或放電。由於通訊單元424、接收單元426以及開關單元428的動作相似於第3圖的通訊單元324、接收單元326以及開關單元328，故不再贅述。The battery pack A 412 at least includes a communication unit 424 , a receiving unit 426 and a switch unit 428 . The communication unit 424 is used to provide the status of the battery pack A 412 to the communication unit 422 . The receiving unit 426 is used to determine whether the second relay 410 is turned on. The switch unit 428 controls whether a battery module (not shown) of the battery pack A 412 is charged or discharged according to the judgment result of the receiving unit 426 . Since the actions of the communication unit 424 , the receiving unit 426 and the switching unit 428 are similar to those of the communication unit 324 , the receiving unit 326 and the switching unit 328 in FIG. 3 , they will not be described again.

電池組B 414至少包括一通訊單元430、一接收單元432以及一開關單元434。通訊單元430用以提供電池組B 414的狀態予通訊單元422。接收單元432用以判斷繼電器一408是否被導通。開關單元434根據接收單元432的判斷結果，控制電池組B 414的一電池模組(未顯示)是否進行充電或放電。由於通訊單元430、接收單元432以及開關單元434的動作相似於第3圖的通訊單元330、接收單元332以及開關單元334，故不再贅述。The battery pack B 414 at least includes a communication unit 430 , a receiving unit 432 and a switch unit 434 . The communication unit 430 is used to provide the status of the battery pack B 414 to the communication unit 422 . The receiving unit 432 is used to determine whether the relay one 408 is turned on. The switch unit 434 controls whether a battery module (not shown) of the battery pack B 414 is charged or discharged according to the judgment result of the receiving unit 432 . Since the actions of the communication unit 430 , the receiving unit 432 and the switching unit 434 are similar to those of the communication unit 330 , the receiving unit 332 and the switching unit 334 in FIG. 3 , they will not be described again.

在一些實施例中，電池組A 412和電池組B 414可能各自更包括一電池模組、一預充電電路及一溫度偵測單元之至少一者。由於電池模組、預充電電路及溫度偵測單元的作用已記載如上，故不再贅述。In some embodiments, battery pack A 412 and battery pack B 414 may each further include at least one of a battery module, a pre-charging circuit, and a temperature detection unit. Since the functions of the battery module, the pre-charging circuit and the temperature detection unit have been described above, they will not be repeated here.

第5圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。如圖所示，電源切換架構500包括一無線通訊模組504、一啟動開關506、一顯示模組508、一輔助電池510、一繼電器一512、一繼電器二514、一電池組A 516及一電池組B 518。在一可能實施例中，無線通訊模組504和啟動開關506整合在一起。在此例中，無線通訊模組504作用類似一車輛鑰匙。當手機502發出啟動信號時，無線通訊模組504導通啟動開關506。因此，使用者不需實體鑰匙，便可啟動車輛。FIG. 5 is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the power switching structure 500 includes a wireless communication module 504, a start switch 506, a display module 508, an auxiliary battery 510, a relay one 512, a relay two 514, a battery pack A 516 and a battery pack A 516. Battery pack B 518. In a possible embodiment, the wireless communication module 504 and the activation switch 506 are integrated together. In this example, the wireless communication module 504 functions like a vehicle key. When the mobile phone 502 sends a start signal, the wireless communication module 504 turns on the start switch 506 . Therefore, the user can start the vehicle without a physical key.

本發明並不限定無線通訊模組504的種類。在一可能實施例中，無線通訊模組504係為一藍芽模組，用以接收來自手機502的啟動信號。在其它實施例中，無線通訊模組504係為一近距離無線通訊(Near Field Communication；NFC)模組。The present invention does not limit the type of the wireless communication module 504 . In a possible embodiment, the wireless communication module 504 is a Bluetooth module for receiving the activation signal from the mobile phone 502 . In other embodiments, the wireless communication module 504 is a near field communication (Near Field Communication; NFC) module.

由於顯示模組508、輔助電池510、繼電器一512、繼電器二514、電池組A 516及電池組B 518的動作相似於第3圖的顯示模組304、輔助電池306、繼電器一308、繼電器二310、電池組A 312及電池組B 314的動作，故不再贅述。Because the actions of the display module 508, the auxiliary battery 510, the relay one 512, the relay two 514, the battery pack A 516 and the battery pack B 518 are similar to those of the display module 304, the auxiliary battery 306, the relay one 308, and the relay two in FIG. 3 310. The actions of the battery pack A 312 and the battery pack B 314 are not repeated here.

第6圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。如圖所示，電源切換架構600包括一顯示模組604、一輔助電池606、一繼電器一608、一繼電器二610、一電池組A 612及一電池組B 614。第6圖相似第5圖，不同之處在於，第6圖省略了第5圖的啟動開關506。在本實施例中，無線通訊模組616整合於顯示模組604，用以取代顯示模組604內部的一接收單元。FIG. 6 is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the power switching structure 600 includes a display module 604 , an auxiliary battery 606 , a relay 1 608 , a relay 2 610 , a battery pack A 612 and a battery pack B 614 . FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 5 , except that the start switch 506 of FIG. 5 is omitted from FIG. 6 . In this embodiment, the wireless communication module 616 is integrated with the display module 604 to replace a receiving unit inside the display module 604 .

在本實施例中，當手機602發出一啟動信號予無線通訊模組616時，顯示模組604選擇電池組A 612及電池組B 614之一者供電予外部負載。在此例中，電源切換架構600不需額外設置一啟動開關，故可減少元件成本。In this embodiment, when the mobile phone 602 sends an activation signal to the wireless communication module 616, the display module 604 selects one of the battery pack A 612 and the battery pack B 614 to supply power to the external load. In this example, the power switching structure 600 does not need to provide an additional start switch, so the cost of components can be reduced.

由於顯示模組604的輸出單元一618、輸出單元二620以及通訊單元622的特性相似於第3圖的輸出單元一318、輸出單元二320以及通訊單元322，故不再贅述。另外，第6圖的輔助電池606、繼電器一608、繼電器二610、電池組A 612及電池組B 614的特性相似於第3圖的輔助電池306、繼電器一308、繼電器二310、電池組A 312及電池組B 314的特性，故不再贅述。Since the characteristics of the output unit 1 618 , the output unit 2 620 and the communication unit 622 of the display module 604 are similar to those of the output unit 1 318 , the output unit 2 320 and the communication unit 322 in FIG. In addition, the characteristics of auxiliary battery 606, relay one 608, relay two 610, battery pack A 612, and battery pack B 614 in FIG. 6 are similar to those of auxiliary battery 306, relay one 308, relay two 310, and battery pack A in FIG. 3 The characteristics of 312 and the battery pack B 314 are not repeated here.

第7圖為Can Bus的示意圖。如圖所示，電池組702透過Can Bus 700與負載704與706溝通。在一可能實施例中，負載704係為一儀表，負載706係為一控制器，如一馬達控制器。Can Bus 700包括接腳Can-H及Can-L。在本實施例中，負載704具有一終端電阻708，負載706具有一終端電阻710。終端電阻708的兩端分別耦接接腳Can-H及Can-L。終端電阻710的兩端分別耦接接腳Can-H及Can-L。在一可能實施例中，終端電阻708及710的阻值可能是120Ω，但並非用以限制本發明。在其它實施例中，終端電阻708及710具有其它的阻值。Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the Can Bus. As shown, the battery pack 702 communicates with the loads 704 and 706 through the Can Bus 700 . In one possible embodiment, the load 704 is a meter and the load 706 is a controller, such as a motor controller. Can Bus 700 includes pins Can-H and Can-L. In this embodiment, the load 704 has a terminating resistor 708 , and the load 706 has a terminating resistor 710 . Two ends of the terminal resistor 708 are respectively coupled to the pins Can-H and Can-L. Two ends of the terminal resistor 710 are respectively coupled to the pins Can-H and Can-L. In a possible embodiment, the resistances of the termination resistors 708 and 710 may be 120Ω, but are not intended to limit the present invention. In other embodiments, the termination resistors 708 and 710 have other resistance values.

雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作些許之更動與潤飾。舉例來說，本發明實施例所述之系統、裝置或是方法可以硬體、軟體或硬體以及軟體的組合的實體實施例加以實現。因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the technical field can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. . For example, the system, apparatus, or method described in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in a physical embodiment of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the appended patent application.

100、200、300、400、500、600：電源切換架構 102、202、302、402、506：啟動開關 104、206、312、412、516、612：電池組A 106、208、314、414、518、614：電池組B 108、112、210、214、316、326、332、426、432：接收單元 110、114、212、216、328、334、428、434：開關單元； 116：鑰匙開關 204：多段式開關 218：兩段式開關 304、508、604：顯示模組 306、409、510、606：輔助電池 308、408、512、608：繼電器一 310、410、514、610：繼電器二 318、418、618：輸出單元一 320、420、620：輸出單元二 322、324、330、422、424、430、622：通訊單元 404：通訊模組 502、602：手機 504、616：無線通訊模組 700：Can Bus 702：電池組 704、706：負載 708、710：終端電阻 Can-H、Can-L：接腳 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600: Power Switching Architecture 102, 202, 302, 402, 506: start switch 104, 206, 312, 412, 516, 612: battery pack A 106, 208, 314, 414, 518, 614: battery pack B 108, 112, 210, 214, 316, 326, 332, 426, 432: receiving units 110, 114, 212, 216, 328, 334, 428, 434: switch units; 116: Key switch 204: Multi-stage switch 218: Two-stage switch 304, 508, 604: Display module 306, 409, 510, 606: Auxiliary battery 308, 408, 512, 608: Relay one 310, 410, 514, 610: Relay II 318, 418, 618: output unit one 320, 420, 620: output unit two 322, 324, 330, 422, 424, 430, 622: Communication unit 404: Communication module 502, 602: mobile phone 504, 616: Wireless communication module 700: Can Bus 702: Battery pack 704, 706: load 708, 710: Terminating resistor Can-H, Can-L: Pins

第1A圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的一示意圖。 第1B圖為本發明之啟動開關的狀態示意圖。 第2A圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。 第2B圖為本發明之多段式開關的狀態示意圖。 第3圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。 第4圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。 第5圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。 第6圖為本發明之電動車輛的電源切換架構的另一示意圖。 第7圖為控制器區域網路匯流排(Can Bus)的示意圖。 FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of the state of the start switch of the present invention. FIG. 2A is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the state of the multi-stage switch of the present invention. FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. FIG. 4 is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. FIG. 5 is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. FIG. 6 is another schematic diagram of the power switching structure of the electric vehicle of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a controller area network bus (Can Bus).

100：電源切換架構 102：啟動開關 104：電池組A 106：電池組B 108、112：接收單元 110、114：開關單元 100: Power Switching Architecture 102: Start switch 104: Battery pack A 106: Battery pack B 108, 112: receiving unit 110, 114: switch unit

Claims (22)

一種電源切換架構，適用於一電動車輛，該電源切換架構包括：一第一電池組，供電予該電動車輛，其中該第一電池組有一第一開關單元及一第一接收單元，該第一開關單元可控制一第一電池模組是否進行充電或放電；一第二電池組，供電予該電動車輛，其中該第二電池組有一第二開關單元及一第二接收單元，該第二開關單元可控制一第二電池模組是否進行充電或放電；以及一啟動開關，係為一實體鑰匙，其中該啟動開關連接到該第一及第二電池組，當該啟動開關切換為不同狀態時，可選擇開啟該第一及第二電池組中的一組電池組或換開啟該第一及第二電池組中的另一組電池組，其中：該第一及第二接收單元偵測該啟動開關的狀態，當該啟動開關被開啟並指定該第一電池組時，該第一接收單元導通該第一開關單元，並且該第二接收單元不導通該第二開關單元，使得該第一電池模組進行放電，並使得該第二電池模組不進行放電，當該啟動開關被開啟並指定該第二電池組時，該第一接收單元不導通該第一開關單元，並且該第二接收單元導通該第二開關單元，使得該第一電池模組不進行放電，並使得該第二電池模組進行放電。 A power switching structure is suitable for an electric vehicle, the power switching structure comprises: a first battery pack for supplying power to the electric vehicle, wherein the first battery pack has a first switch unit and a first receiving unit, the first battery pack The switch unit can control whether a first battery module is charged or discharged; a second battery pack supplies power to the electric vehicle, wherein the second battery pack has a second switch unit and a second receiving unit, the second switch unit The unit can control whether a second battery module is charged or discharged; and a start switch, which is a physical key, wherein the start switch is connected to the first and second battery packs, when the start switch is switched to different states , you can choose to turn on one battery pack in the first and second battery packs or switch on another battery pack in the first and second battery packs, wherein: the first and second receiving units detect the The state of the start switch, when the start switch is turned on and the first battery pack is designated, the first receiving unit turns on the first switching unit, and the second receiving unit does not turn on the second switching unit, so that the first receiving unit turns on the second switching unit. The battery module is discharged and the second battery module is not discharged. When the start switch is turned on and the second battery pack is designated, the first receiving unit does not conduct the first switch unit, and the second The receiving unit turns on the second switch unit, so that the first battery module is not discharged, and the second battery module is discharged. 如請求項1之電源切換架構，其中該啟動開關具有三段式以上的設計。 The power switching structure of claim 1, wherein the start switch has a design of more than three stages. 如請求項1之電源切換架構，其中該啟動開關更包括一獨立多段式開關，可切換為兩種以上的狀態。 According to the power switching structure of claim 1, the start switch further comprises an independent multi-stage switch, which can be switched to more than two states. 如請求項1之電源切換架構，其中該啟動開關更包括一無線通訊模組，該無線通訊模組為一藍芽模組或是一近距離無線通訊(NFC)模組。 The power switching structure of claim 1, wherein the start switch further includes a wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module is a Bluetooth module or a Near Field Communication (NFC) module. 如請求項1之電源切換架構，其中該第一及第二電池組均為鋰電池組，該第一及第二電池組之每一者具有一預充電電路，使預充電電路對一馬達控制器和一直流變壓器提供一充電電流，以避免產生突波，該預充電電路依該充電電流的大小決定是否導通該第一及第二電池組之一者的開關單元。 The power switching architecture of claim 1, wherein the first and second battery packs are both lithium battery packs, and each of the first and second battery packs has a precharge circuit, so that the precharge circuit controls a motor The charger and the DC transformer provide a charging current to avoid a surge, and the pre-charging circuit determines whether to turn on the switch unit of one of the first and second battery packs according to the magnitude of the charging current. 如請求項1之電源切換架構，其中該第一及第二電池組之每一者具有一通訊單元，用以和一儀表溝通。 The power switching architecture of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second battery packs has a communication unit for communicating with a meter. 如請求項6之電源切換架構，其中該通訊單元係為一控制器區域網路匯流排(Can Bus)，該控制器區域網路匯流排內部具有一第一終端電阻以及一第二終端電阻，該第一終端電阻擺放於該儀表，該第二終端電阻擺放於一馬達控制器，該第一終端電阻及該第二終端電阻的阻值為120Ω。 The power switching architecture of claim 6, wherein the communication unit is a controller area network bus (Can Bus), and the controller area network bus has a first terminating resistor and a second terminating resistor inside, The first terminating resistor is placed on the meter, the second terminating resistor is placed on a motor controller, and the resistances of the first terminating resistor and the second terminating resistor are 120Ω. 如請求項1之電源切換架構，其中該第一及第二電池組之每一者具有一溫度偵測單元，該溫度偵測單元根據該第一及第二電池組中一相對應的電池組的溫度，判斷是否導通該第一或第二開關 單元，該溫度偵測單元是用一熱敏電阻的阻值變化來判斷該相對應的電池組的溫度。 The power switching architecture of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second battery packs has a temperature detection unit, and the temperature detection unit is based on a corresponding battery pack in the first and second battery packs temperature to determine whether to turn on the first or second switch The temperature detection unit uses the resistance change of a thermistor to determine the temperature of the corresponding battery pack. 一種電源切換架構，適用於一電動車輛，該電源切換架構包括：一第一電池組，供電予該電動車輛，其中該第一電池組有一第一開關單元、一第一接收單元和一通訊單元，該第一開關單元可控制一第一電池模組是否進行充電或放電；一第二電池組，供電予該電動車輛，其中該第二電池組有一第二開關單元、一第二接收單元和一通訊單元，該第二開關單元可控制一第二電池模組是否進行充電或放電；一啟動開關，係為一實體鑰匙；一顯示模組，可顯示車速或電量等資訊，並包括一通訊單元、一接收單元以及一輸出單元，其中該接收單元接收開關訊號；一輔助電池，主要供電予該顯示模組作使用；一第一繼電器裝置，連接到該第一電池組來作電源切換；以及一第二繼電器裝置，連接到該第二電池組來作電源切換，其中該啟動開關連接到該顯示模組，該顯示模組透過該第一或第二繼電器裝置來開啟該第一或第二電池組，在開啟相對應的電池組後，依照電池組的電量、電壓或溫度來決定是否關閉，關閉後再開啟另一組電池組，完成以上的切換，其中：該第一及第二接收單元偵測該啟動開關的狀態， 當該啟動開關被開啟並指定該第一電池組時，該第一接收單元導通該第一開關單元，並且該第二接收單元不導通該第二開關單元，使得該第一電池模組進行放電，並使得該第二電池模組不進行放電，當該啟動開關被開啟並指定該第二電池組時，該第一接收單元不導通該第一開關單元，並且該第二接收單元導通該第二開關單元，使得該第一電池模組不進行放電，並使得該第二電池模組進行放電。 A power switching structure suitable for an electric vehicle, the power switching structure comprising: a first battery pack for supplying power to the electric vehicle, wherein the first battery pack has a first switch unit, a first receiving unit and a communication unit , the first switch unit can control whether a first battery module is charged or discharged; a second battery pack supplies power to the electric vehicle, wherein the second battery pack has a second switch unit, a second receiving unit and A communication unit, the second switch unit can control whether a second battery module is charged or discharged; a start switch is a physical key; a display module can display information such as vehicle speed or power, and includes a communication unit, a receiving unit and an output unit, wherein the receiving unit receives switching signals; an auxiliary battery mainly supplies power to the display module for use; a first relay device is connected to the first battery pack for power switching; and a second relay device connected to the second battery pack for power switching, wherein the start switch is connected to the display module, and the display module turns on the first or second relay device through the first or second relay device Two battery packs, after turning on the corresponding battery pack, decide whether to turn it off according to the power, voltage or temperature of the battery pack, and then turn on another battery pack after turning off the battery pack to complete the above switching, wherein: the first and second battery packs The receiving unit detects the state of the start switch, When the start switch is turned on and the first battery pack is designated, the first receiving unit turns on the first switch unit, and the second receiving unit does not turn on the second switch unit, so that the first battery pack is discharged , and make the second battery module not discharge, when the start switch is turned on and the second battery pack is designated, the first receiving unit does not conduct the first switching unit, and the second receiving unit conducts the first switching unit. Two switch units, so that the first battery module is not discharged, and the second battery module is discharged. 如請求項9之電源切換架構，其中該啟動開關更包括一無線通訊模組，該無線通訊模組為一藍芽模組或是一近距離無線通訊(NFC)模組。 The power switching structure of claim 9, wherein the start switch further includes a wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module is a Bluetooth module or a Near Field Communication (NFC) module. 如請求項9之電源切換架構，其中該第一及第二電池組均為鋰電池組，該第一及第二電池組之每一者具有一預充電電路，使預充電電路對一馬達控制器和一直流變壓器提供一充電電流，以避免產生突波，該預充電電路依該充電電流的大小決定是否導通該第一及第二電池組之一者的開關單元。 The power switching architecture of claim 9, wherein the first and second battery packs are both lithium battery packs, and each of the first and second battery packs has a precharge circuit so that the precharge circuit controls a motor The charger and the DC transformer provide a charging current to avoid a surge, and the pre-charging circuit determines whether to turn on the switch unit of one of the first and second battery packs according to the magnitude of the charging current. 如請求項9之電源切換架構，該第一及第二繼電器裝置可內建於該顯示模組內部。 According to the power switching structure of claim 9, the first and second relay devices can be built in the display module. 如請求項9之電源切換架構，其中該第一及第二電池組之每一者的通訊單元及該顯示模組的通訊單元為一控制器區域網路匯流排，該控制器區域網路匯流排內部具有一第一終端電阻以及一第二終端電阻，該第一終端電阻擺放於該顯示模組，該第二終端電阻擺放於一馬達控制器，該第一終端電阻及該第二終端電阻的阻值為120Ω。 The power switching architecture of claim 9, wherein the communication unit of each of the first and second battery packs and the communication unit of the display module are a controller area network bus, the controller area network bus There is a first terminal resistor and a second terminal resistor inside the row, the first terminal resistor is placed on the display module, the second terminal resistor is placed on a motor controller, the first terminal resistor and the second terminal resistor are placed in the display module. The resistance value of the terminal resistor is 120Ω. 如請求項9之電源切換架構，其中該第一及第二電池組之每一者具有一溫度偵測單元，該溫度偵測單元根據該第一及第二電池組中一相對應的電池組的溫度，判斷是否導通該第一或第二開關單元，該溫度偵測單元是用一熱敏電阻的阻值變化來判斷該相對應的電池組的溫度。 The power switching architecture of claim 9, wherein each of the first and second battery packs has a temperature detection unit, and the temperature detection unit is based on a corresponding battery pack in the first and second battery packs The temperature is determined to determine whether the first or second switch unit is turned on. The temperature detection unit uses the resistance change of a thermistor to determine the temperature of the corresponding battery pack. 如請求項9之電源切換架構，其中該顯示模組內部可內建一無線通訊模組，以取代該啟動開關。 According to the power switching structure of claim 9, a wireless communication module can be built in the display module to replace the start switch. 一種電源切換架構，適用於一電動車輛，該電源切換架構包括：一第一電池組，供電予該電動車輛，其中該第一電池組有一第一開關單元、一第一接收單元和一通訊單元，該第一開關單元可控制一第一電池模組是否進行充電或放電；一第二電池組，供電予該電動車輛，其中該第二電池組有一第二開關單元、一第二接收單元和一通訊單元，該第二開關單元可控制一第二電池模組是否進行充電或放電；一啟動開關，係為一實體鑰匙；一通訊模組，包括一通訊單元、一接收單元以及一輸出單元，其中該接收單元接收開關訊號；一輔助電池，主要供電予該通訊模組作使用；一第一繼電器裝置，連接到該第一電池組來作電源切換；以及一第二繼電器裝置，連接到該第二電池組來作電源切換， 其中該啟動開關連接到該通訊模組，該通訊模組透過該第一或第二繼電器裝置來開啟該第一或第二電池組，在開啟相對應的電池組後，依照電池組的電量、電壓或溫度來決定是否關閉，關閉後再開啟另一組電池組，完成以上的切換，其中：該第一及第二接收單元偵測該啟動開關的狀態，當該啟動開關被開啟並指定該第一電池組時，該第一接收單元導通該第一開關單元，並且該第二接收單元不導通該第二開關單元，使得該第一電池模組進行放電，並使得該第二電池模組不進行放電，當該啟動開關被開啟並指定該第二電池組時，該第一接收單元不導通該第一開關單元，並且該第二接收單元導通該第二開關單元，使得該第一電池模組不進行放電，並使得該第二電池模組進行放電。 A power switching structure suitable for an electric vehicle, the power switching structure comprising: a first battery pack for supplying power to the electric vehicle, wherein the first battery pack has a first switch unit, a first receiving unit and a communication unit , the first switch unit can control whether a first battery module is charged or discharged; a second battery pack supplies power to the electric vehicle, wherein the second battery pack has a second switch unit, a second receiving unit and a communication unit, the second switch unit can control whether a second battery module is charged or discharged; a start switch, which is a physical key; a communication module, including a communication unit, a receiving unit and an output unit , wherein the receiving unit receives the switch signal; an auxiliary battery mainly supplies power to the communication module for use; a first relay device is connected to the first battery pack for power switching; and a second relay device is connected to The second battery pack is used for power switching, The start switch is connected to the communication module, and the communication module turns on the first or second battery pack through the first or second relay device. After turning on the corresponding battery pack, according to the power of the battery pack, voltage or temperature to determine whether to turn off, turn off and then turn on another battery pack to complete the above switching, wherein: the first and second receiving units detect the state of the start switch, when the start switch is turned on and specify the In the first battery pack, the first receiving unit turns on the first switch unit, and the second receiving unit does not turn on the second switch unit, so that the first battery module is discharged and the second battery module is discharged Without discharging, when the start switch is turned on and the second battery pack is designated, the first receiving unit does not turn on the first switching unit, and the second receiving unit turns on the second switching unit, so that the first battery The module is not discharged, and the second battery module is caused to discharge. 如請求項16之電源切換架構，其中該啟動開關更包括一無線通訊模組，該無線通訊模組為一藍芽模組或是一近距離無線通訊(NFC)模組。 The power switching structure of claim 16, wherein the start switch further includes a wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module is a Bluetooth module or a Near Field Communication (NFC) module. 如請求項16之電源切換架構，其中該第一及第二電池組均為鋰電池組，該第一及第二電池組之每一者具有一預充電電路，使預充電電路對一馬達控制器和一直流變壓器提供一充電電流，以避免產生突波，該預充電電路依該充電電流的大小決定是否導通該第一及第二電池組之一者的開關單元。 The power switching architecture of claim 16, wherein the first and second battery packs are both lithium battery packs, and each of the first and second battery packs has a precharge circuit, so that the precharge circuit controls a motor The charger and the DC transformer provide a charging current to avoid a surge, and the pre-charging circuit determines whether to turn on the switch unit of one of the first and second battery packs according to the magnitude of the charging current. 如請求項16之電源切換架構，該第一及第二繼電器裝置可內建於該通訊模組內部。 According to the power switching structure of claim 16, the first and second relay devices can be built in the communication module. 如請求項16之電源切換架構，其中該第一及第二電池組之每一者的通訊單元及該顯示模組的通訊單元為一控制器區域網路匯流排，該控制器區域網路匯流排內部具有一第一終端電阻以及一第二終端電阻，該第一終端電阻擺放於一儀表，該第二終端電阻擺放於一馬達控制器，該第一終端電阻及該第二終端電阻的阻值為120Ω。 The power switching architecture of claim 16, wherein the communication unit of each of the first and second battery packs and the communication unit of the display module are a controller area network bus, the controller area network bus There is a first terminal resistance and a second terminal resistance inside the row, the first terminal resistance is placed in a meter, the second terminal resistance is placed in a motor controller, the first terminal resistance and the second terminal resistance The resistance value is 120Ω. 如請求項16之電源切換架構，其中該第一及第二電池組之每一者具有一溫度偵測單元，該溫度偵測單元根據該第一及第二電池組中一相對應的電池組的溫度，判斷是否導通該第一或第二開關單元，該溫度偵測單元是用一熱敏電阻的阻值變化來判斷該相對應的電池組的溫度。 The power switching architecture of claim 16, wherein each of the first and second battery packs has a temperature detection unit, and the temperature detection unit is based on a corresponding battery pack in the first and second battery packs The temperature is determined to determine whether the first or second switch unit is turned on. The temperature detection unit uses the resistance change of a thermistor to determine the temperature of the corresponding battery pack. 如請求項16之電源切換架構，其中該通訊模組內部可內建一無線通訊模組，以取代該啟動開關。 According to the power switching structure of claim 16, a wireless communication module can be built in the communication module to replace the activation switch.
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