TWI745455B - Grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a grinder, which can improve the workability of manual grinding operations that require careful operation.

The grinder 1 is equipped with: the grinding wheel 4, which grinds the workpiece; the nozzle 71, which sprays coolant to the workpiece; the manual feed handle 41, 42 which is rotated by the operator; and the proximity sensor 53, which detects the difference between the workpiece and the grinding wheel 4. Approaching state; the control unit 50, which controls the servo motors 61, 62 to make the workpiece and the grinding wheel approach/contact at a speed according to the rotation speed of the manual feed handle 41, 42; and the notification device (21, 31, 54), its The operator is notified. The control unit 50 responds to the proximity sensor 53, and uses the notification device to notify the operator of the proximity state. At the same time, before and after the proximity state, the rotation speed of the manual feed handle 41, 42 is adjusted to the workpiece W and the grinding wheel 4 The approaching speed slows down, or the relative movement of the workpiece W and the grinding wheel 4 is suspended during the approaching state.

Description

Grinder

The present invention relates to an NC machine tool with a manual feed handle. In the NC machine tool, the operator can relatively move the position of the operating grinding wheel relative to the workpiece by manual operation. Grinding machine for workability during handle operation.

Regarding a numerical control (Numerical Control, NC) machine tool with a manual feed handle in which the operator can manually move the position of the grinding wheel relative to the workpiece, for example, Patent Document 1 describes a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) Grinding machine with manual feed handle for table feed and manual feed handle for grinding wheel table feed, and a manual operation mode in which the pulse generator is generated from each manual feed handle In response to the pulse of the rotation amount, the pulse is input to the control unit, and the control amount corresponding to the pulse is output from the control unit to the servo motor to move the position of the table or the grinding wheel.

In addition, conventional hydraulic grinders directly apply pressure to hydraulic oil used to move the relative position of the grinding wheel with respect to the workpiece to move the relative position of the grinding wheel with respect to the workpiece. Regarding a grinder that simulates the operational feeling of this hydraulic grinder by an NC machine tool with a manual feed handle, for example, a grinder as shown in Patent Document 2 is known. In this grinder, when the distance between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is detected, the torque of the manual feed handle is set to be variable, so that the manual feed handle feels heavy in the operation.

Similarly, Patent Document 3 discloses a technique that uses a brake to make the handle operation feel resistance after the grinding wheel is in contact with the workpiece, and can obtain a sensation similar to that when operating the handle of a hydraulic grinder.

[Prior Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-123138

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2015-157345

Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2001-38578

When operating the manual feed handle to bring the grinding wheel close to the workpiece, the operator uses the display device to confirm the preset coordinate value while rotating the operating handle so that the two do not collide. If the distance between the grinding wheel and the actual distance is different, if the two are inadvertently and forcefully contacted, the processing quality may be adversely affected. Therefore, in fact, the grasp of the distance information between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is not only It is performed by confirming the coordinate value displayed on the display device, and also confirming the actual gap between the two by visual inspection, and then confirming the visual information such as sparks generated by the contact between the two, so as to request Operate with caution.

According to Patent Document 2, through the manual feed handle, the operator can feel the state of the grinding wheel and the workpiece in advance, and an attempt has been made to provide the operator with further tactile information. However, as a means for making the torque variable, a piston is used to press the brake pad against the shaft of the manual feed handle, which has a limitation in response speed. In addition, examples of the detection means for detecting the proximity of the distance between the workpiece and the grinding wheel include an acoustic wave sensor, a gap sensor, a distance measurement sensor, and the like. In a gap sensor or a distance measurement sensor, the proximity state based on the distance measurement value is detected in advance. Even if this type of detection means is used to detect the approaching state, since the response speed of the means for changing the torque is slow, the polishing is completed when the operator feels the contact. On the other hand, in the case of using a sonic sensor, since the actual contact is detected instead of the proximity of the workpiece and the grinding wheel, the grinding will go further. In Patent Document 3, since the brake is applied to the handle after the contact is determined, the polishing can be further improved. As a means for making the torque variable, although a magnetic powder brake is known, it also has a limitation in response speed.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a grinder that can improve the workability of manual grinding operations that require careful operation.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the grinder of the present invention is characterized by having: a grinding wheel, which grinds the workpiece; a nozzle, which sprays coolant to the workpiece; a manual feed handle, which is operated by the operator's rotation; The speed corresponding to the speed generates a number of pulses corresponding to the amount of rotation of the manual feed handle; the proximity sensor detects the proximity of the workpiece to the grinding wheel; the control unit can change the pulse output The ratio of the pulse generated by the generator; the servo motor rotates at the speed corresponding to the pulse supply speed and the angle corresponding to the number of pulses multiplied by N by the above-mentioned control unit to move the workpiece and the grinding wheel to change the relative position of the two ; And a notification device, which notifies the operator, and the control unit responds to the detection information of the proximity sensor, uses the notification device to notify the operator of the proximity state, and at the same time will be N times before the proximity state The movement is changed to M times (M is less than N) to slow down the approaching speed of the workpiece and the grinding wheel.

According to the present invention, by slowing down or suspending the feed speed when the grinding wheel is in the state immediately before contact with the workpiece, the situation that the grinding wheel cuts into the workpiece at the original speed can be avoided. In addition, since the operator has been notified of the state immediately before the contact, the operator can know that there is a speed mode change or a pause.

1‧‧‧Grinding machine

4‧‧‧Grinding Wheel

5‧‧‧Workpiece table

6‧‧‧Grinding Wheel Table

7‧‧‧Spindle device

8‧‧‧Tailstock

10‧‧‧Bed

21,22,23‧‧‧Display device

31,32,33‧‧‧Enter key

41,42‧‧‧Manual feed handle

50‧‧‧Control Unit

51,52‧‧‧Pulse Generator

53‧‧‧Proximity Sensor

54‧‧‧Vibrator

56‧‧‧Drive unit

57‧‧‧Timer

58‧‧‧Memory

59‧‧‧Flag

61,62‧‧‧Servo motor

71‧‧‧Nozzle

72‧‧‧Coolant

W‧‧‧Workpiece

Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the appearance of an embodiment of a grinder.

Figure 2 is a system configuration diagram of the grinder.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the operation flow.

Hereinafter, a description will be given using a mode for implementing the present invention. Figure 1 shows the appearance of the grinder 1. The grinding machine 1 includes a bed 10, a work table 5, a grinding wheel 4, a grinding wheel table 6 supporting the grinding wheel 4, a spindle device 7, and a tailstock 8. In the figure, the direction of the X axis shows the direction in which the grinding wheel 4 cuts into the workpiece W, and the direction of the Z axis shows the feed direction of the workpiece table 5. The X axis and the Z axis are orthogonal to each other. The grinder 1 includes display devices 21, 22, 23 using liquid crystal panels, various input keys 31, 32, 33, a manual feed handle 41 in the X-axis direction, and a manual feed handle 42 in the Z-axis direction. It is also possible to use a touch screen or touch panel to have the functions of display devices 21, 22, 23 and input keys 31, 32, 33. The display devices 21, 22, and 23 display the input (setting) state of the grinder 1 by the operator, the operating state of the grinder 1, and the like. The various input keys 31, 32, 33 accept the operator's input for switching between automatic operation mode and manual operation mode, various settings, and the like. Among them, a display device 21 and an input key 31 are arranged near the manual feed handle 41 for input and output of information related to the feed in the X-axis direction. In addition, a display device 22 and an input key 32 are arranged near the manual feed handle 42 for input and output of information related to the feed in the Z-axis direction. The 71 series nozzle is used to spray the coolant 72 between the workpiece W and the grinding wheel 4.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the system configuration of the grinder 1. The control unit 50 is a computer, which executes a control program. In addition, pulse generators 51 and 52 are provided, which convert the rotation of the manual feed handles 41 and 42 into pulses, respectively. The grinding wheel table 6 is moved in the X-axis direction by a servo motor 61 (corresponding to a moving device). The work table 5 is moved in the Z-axis direction by a servo motor 62 (equivalent to a moving device). With these moving devices, the workpiece W and the grinding wheel 4 move to change the relative positions of the two. Pulse generators 51 and 52 are connected to the control unit 50. In addition, the control unit 50 controls the servo motors 61 and 62 via the drive unit 56, and the control unit 50 is connected with display devices 21, 22, 23 and input keys 31, 32, and 33. Light-emitting elements such as LEDs are installed in the input keys 31, 32, and 33, and the key surfaces of the input keys 31, 32, and 33 can be illuminated by the control unit 50. In addition, a proximity sensor 53 and a vibrator 54 are connected to the control unit 50. The proximity sensor 53 detects the proximity state of the workpiece W and the grinding wheel 4 and supplies proximity information to the control unit 50. The vibrator 54 is installed in the manual feed handles 41, 42, and the control unit 50 can give vibration to the operator's hand.

Next, the polishing operation of the grinder 1 will be described. Furthermore, in the following description, in the case of "displaying on the display devices 21, 22, 23", as long as it is not specifically mentioned, it also includes the display of any one of them. In addition, in the case of "input to the input keys 31, 32, 33", as long as it is not specifically mentioned, the input of any one is included. In the control unit 50, the control program is programmed in such a way that the automatic grinding operation and the manual grinding operation can be performed. To select any mode, it can be input to the input keys 31, 32, 33. First, the workpiece W is clamped and fixed by the spindle device 7 and the tailstock 8. The control unit 50 detects the position (workpiece position) in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction of the workpiece W through a contact (not shown), and sets it in the internal memory 58. The position of the grinding wheel of the memory 58 is the position of the grinding wheel 4 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. After that, the control unit 50 displays the position of the grinding wheel (X-axis direction, Z-axis direction) and workpiece position (X-axis direction, Z-axis direction) on the display devices 21, 22, and 23.

When the automatic grinding operation is performed, the input keys 31, 32, 33 in the grinding machine 1 are inputted with information related to the grinding of the workpiece W, and the control program of the control unit 50 is made an NC program for the grinding operation. The control unit 50 rotates the spindle device 7 to rotate the workpiece W according to the NC program. On the other hand, after rotating the grinding wheel 4, the grinding wheel 4 automatically grinds the workpiece W by controlling the servo motor 61 or the servo motor 62. At this time, the servo motors 61, 62 are supplied with pulses from the control unit 50 to rotate. Each servo motor 61, 62 is determined by the number of pulses transmitted to it to determine its rotation speed. In addition, the rotation speed is transmitted per hour. The amount of pulsation determines the rotation speed.

Next, when the manual grinding operation is performed, the manual feed handles 41, 42 are in a state that can be used effectively. The operator rotates one manual feed handle 42 with his right hand, and rotates the other manual feed handle 41 with his left hand. When each manual feed handle 41, 42 rotates, the input part of the corresponding pulse generator 51, 52 rotates in conjunction therewith, and generates a number of pulses corresponding to the amount of rotation according to the speed of the rotation. As long as each manual feed handle 41, 42 rotates quickly, the number of pulses transmitted per hour can be increased. The control unit 50 generates pulses corresponding to these pulses, and transmits them to the driving unit 56 to drive the servo motors 61 and 62. The control unit 50 can change the rotation speed of the servo motors 61, 62 according to the speed mode, and can change the ratio of the pulses transmitted to the drive unit 56 to the pulses generated by the manual feed handles 41, 42.

Thereby, the servo motors 61 and 62 respectively rotate at an angle corresponding to the number of pulses in the direction corresponding to the positive and negative of the pulse supplied at a speed according to the supply speed of the pulse, thereby controlling the movement of the relative position of the grinding wheel table 6 and the workpiece table 5 . As a result, the grindstone 4 and the workpiece W approach/contact, and the operator confirms the gap between the grindstone 4 and the workpiece W by actually visually inspecting both, and performs the grinding operation by recognizing sparks and the like generated by the contact between the two.

In this embodiment, the proximity sensor 53 is attached to the grinding wheel table 6. As the proximity sensor 53, a gap sensor, a distance measurement sensor, or the like can also be used. In addition, as a notification device that notifies the operator of the approaching state, a vibrator 54, display devices 21, 22, 23, and input keys 31, 32, 33 can be used. In addition to the vibrator 54, it is based on visual notification, and the vibrator 54 is based on tactile notification. In addition, an auditory notification device using a speaker may also be used.

In the manual grinding operation of the grinder 1, when the operator rotates the manual feed handles 41 and 42, the relative position of the grinding wheel 4 with respect to the workpiece W will be changed. In the grinder 1, as described below, the control unit 50 transmits the pulse interval generated by the pulse generators 51, 52 when the manual feed handle 41, 42 rotates to the drive unit 56 according to the proximity state of the grinding wheel and the workpiece. The pulse interval of is set to be variable to control the rotation of the servo motors 61 and 62 to slow down or to suspend the rotation for a period of 1 to several seconds.

Next, the operation when the grinding wheel 4 is moved relative to the workpiece W in the X-axis direction in accordance with the rotation of the manual feed handle 41 will be described using FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows the operation flow of the control unit 50, FIG. 3A is a part of the control program, and FIG. 3B is the notification subroutine. In the manual grinding operation, the notification subroutine in Fig. 3B is called by the control program.

When the manual feed handle 41 is rotated to move the grinding wheel 4 relative to the workpiece W in the X-axis direction, the control program of the control unit 50 generates pulses in such a way that one pulse of the pulse generator 51 becomes N pulses, and Transfer to the drive unit 56. In the memory 58 inside the control unit 50, the position of the grinding wheel in the X-axis direction of the grinding wheel 4 is updated and reflected on the display devices 21, 22, 23 (FIG. 3A, step S1). This action is the same as that of a normal grinder. In the grinder 1 of this embodiment, the control program periodically calls the notification sub-program (step S2 in FIG. 3A).

When the grinding wheel 4 approaches the workpiece W to 1 mm (first approach state), in step S11, the control unit 50 detects this, and then proceeds to step S12. When the separation is greater than 1mm, since it is still not the predetermined approaching state, it returns to the control program.

In step S12, the vibrator 54 is actuated as a notification device for notifying the operator to notify that it is the approaching state of 1 mm (the first approaching state). It is determined whether the proximity is detected by the proximity sensor 53 (step S13). If it is not detected, it is deemed that it is not the state immediately before the contact and returns to the control program. When it is close to several micrometers to several tens of micrometers, the proximity sensor 53 detects this and outputs a signal. When this signal is detected (specifically, at a signal level equivalent to a distance of 10 microns), the control unit 50 determines that the grinding wheel 4 is in the state immediately before contacting the workpiece W (the second approaching state), and then transfers control Go to step S14.

In step S14, the speed pattern for slowing down the rotation of the servo motor 61 is changed. The change of the feed rate is in step S1 of the control program. After generating pulses such that one pulse of the pulse generator 51 becomes N pulses, set to the one that generates M pulses for one pulse, and then return Control program. Among them, M series is smaller than N. By changing the speed mode, after that, the pulse transmitted from the control unit 50 to the drive unit 56 becomes the number of pulses according to the new speed mode, and the approach speed of the grinding wheel 4 and the workpiece W is reduced. When the speed mode is changed, the display devices 21, 22, and 23 are used as notification devices, and the operator is notified that the speed mode has been changed. Alternatively, the input keys 31, 32, 33 may be used as notification devices, and the light-emitting element installed inside may be lit or flashed to notify the state immediately before the contact. After step S14 ends, the control program is returned.

In step S14, as shown by the dotted line, step S15 may be executed before/or instead of changing the speed mode. Step S15 is set so that when the proximity sensor 53 detects the proximity to 10 microns, the pulse generator 51 is set in the period (1 second to several seconds) set by the timer 57 provided in the control unit 50 The pulse generation does not transmit a new pulse to the drive unit 56. The timer 57 is a timer that is updated by the operating clock of the control unit 50. In addition, it is made in advance that the flag 59 will be referred to before the step S1 of the control program is executed. If the flag 59 has been set, the pulse generator 51 will generate the pulse without sending a new pulse to the drive unit 56 and the step will be terminated in advance. S1. In step S15, the timer 57 and the flag 59 are set in the initial operation, and then while the timer 57 is checked, the state where the flag 59 is set is maintained during the period before a certain time has elapsed. As a result, during the period set by the timer 57, the control unit 50 does not transmit a pulse to the drive unit 56 within the period set by the timer 57, and the X-axis direction approach operation system is temporarily stopped.

According to this embodiment, when the grinding wheel 4 and the workpiece W are in a state immediately before contact, the speed is slowed down or suspended. By slowing down the approaching/contacting speed of the workpiece W and the grinding wheel 4 with respect to the rotation speed of the handle 41 before and after the approaching state, or suspending the relative movement of the workpiece W and the grinding wheel 4 during the approaching state, the grinding wheel 4 can be avoided to maintain The original speed of cutting into the workpiece W produces homeopathic cutting into the situation. In addition, since the state immediately before the contact has been notified to the operator through the display device, the operator can know that the speed mode is changed or that there is a pause.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the embodiment may be modified by executing the pause processing of step S15 together with the speed mode change processing in step S14. In this case, it is possible to prevent the homeopathic cutting and grinding caused by the slow response of the operator, and then the movement speed can be slowed down. On the other hand, even if the pause processing of step S15 is executed instead of the speed mode change processing of step S14, the pause is notified by the display device 21, 22, 23 or the light emitting device of the input key 31, 32, 33. It is the condition of the state immediately before the contact, so it can still prevent the homeopathic cutting into the grinding caused by the slow response of the operator.

Although the operation when the grinding wheel 4 is moved relative to the workpiece W in the X-axis direction according to the rotation of the manual feed handle 41 has been described using FIG. 3, the rotation of the manual feed handle 42 causes the grinding wheel 4 to move relative to The same is true for the operation when the workpiece W is relatively moved in the Z-axis direction.

The configuration for moving the grinding wheel in the X-axis direction with respect to the workpiece is not limited to the configuration described in this embodiment, as long as the grinding wheel can be moved relative to the workpiece in the X-axis direction. Similarly, the configuration for moving the grinding wheel in the Z-axis direction with respect to the workpiece is not limited to the configuration described in this embodiment, as long as the grinding wheel can be moved relative to the workpiece in the Z-axis direction.

In addition, according to the above-mentioned embodiment, the operator is notified before the contact is the state immediately before the contact, and after the speed is changed or paused, and the grinding wheel is actually in contact with the workpiece, as shown in Patent Document 3, in order to give the contact For authenticity, a brake (for example, a magnetic powder brake) provided in the handle unit can also be used to manually increase the rotation resistance when the handle is operated, and feedback the condition of maintaining the contact state of the grinding wheel and the workpiece to the operator with a sense of force.

In addition, in the above embodiment, although the operator is notified of the state immediately before the contact in the state immediately before the contact, the position of the grinding wheel and the workpiece in the memory 58 can also be used, which is close to about 1 mm. The display device 21, 22, 23 is used to notify the approaching state when the state is in the state, and at the same time, the speed mode is changed or paused. In this case, the proximity sensor 53 compares the position of the grinding wheel in the memory 58 with the position of the workpiece, and is implemented by the program of step S11 in FIG. 3B for detecting the proximity state. According to this form, the speed pattern is changed or paused at a location far ahead before the actual contact. Therefore, the workability is deteriorated compared with the case of 10 microns. In addition, the current situation is a grinding machine with high processing accuracy, which is several microns.

In the above embodiment, when it is determined that the grinding wheel 4 is in the state immediately before contacting the workpiece W (the second approaching state), the display devices 21, 22, and 23 are used as notification devices to notify that the speed mode change has been performed operator. Alternatively, the input keys 31, 32, 33 are used as notification devices to light or flash the light-emitting elements installed inside, but a vibrator different from the vibrator 54 can also be combined with it to combine the display devices 21, 22 23. At least one of the light-emitting element, the vibrator, or two appropriate ones, or a combination of all three, notify the operator of the change in the speed mode.

1‧‧‧Grinding machine

4‧‧‧Grinding Wheel

5‧‧‧Workpiece table

6‧‧‧Grinding Wheel Table

7‧‧‧Spindle device

8‧‧‧Tailstock

10‧‧‧Bed

21,22,23‧‧‧Display device

31,32,33‧‧‧Enter key

41,42‧‧‧Manual feed handle

71‧‧‧Nozzle

W‧‧‧Workpiece

Claims (4)

A grinder, which is characterized by having: a grinding wheel, which grinds a workpiece; a nozzle, which sprays coolant to the workpiece; a manual feed handle, which is rotated by an operator; a pulse generator, which generates a The number of pulses corresponding to the rotation of the manual feed handle; proximity sensor, which detects the proximity of the workpiece to the grinding wheel; the control unit, which can change the ratio of pulses generated by the pulse generator; servo motor, to match the pulse The speed corresponding to the supply speed rotates at an angle corresponding to the number of pulses multiplied by N by the control unit to move the workpiece and the grinding wheel and the grinding wheel to change the relative positions of the two; and a notification device that notifies the operator, and the above The control unit responds to the detection information of the proximity sensor, uses the notification device to notify the operator of the proximity state, and at the same time changes the N times before the proximity state to M times (M is less than N) to reduce Slow the approach speed of the workpiece and the grinding wheel. Such as the grinder of claim 1, wherein the control unit uses the notification device to notify the operator of the first approach state when the workpiece and the grinding wheel are close to the first approach state, and when it is closer than the first approach state In the approaching second approach state, notification of the second approach state is made, and the speed at which the workpiece approaches the grinding wheel relative to the rotation speed of the manual feed handle is slowed down. Such as the grinder of claim 1, wherein the notification device is at least one or a combination of at least two of a display device, a light emitting element, and a vibrator. A grinder, which is characterized by having: a grinding wheel, which grinds a workpiece; a nozzle, which sprays coolant to the workpiece; a manual feed handle, which is rotated by an operator; a pulse generator, which generates a The number of pulses corresponding to the rotation of the manual feed handle is close to the sensor, which detects the proximity of the workpiece to the grinding wheel; the control unit can change the ratio of the pulses generated by the pulse generator; the servo motor can be compared with the pulse The speed corresponding to the supply speed rotates at an angle corresponding to the number of pulses multiplied by N by the control unit to move the workpiece and the grinding wheel to change the relative positions of the two; and a notification device that notifies the operator, and the above-mentioned control The unit has a timer, and responds to the detection information of the proximity sensor, and uses the notification device to notify the operator of the proximity state. At the same time, the timer is set for a predetermined time and no pulse is sent to the drive motor. After the time set by the timer, the pulse transmission to the drive motor is resumed again.

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