TWI744725B - High temperature flow splitting component and heat exchanger and reforming means using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A high temperature flow splitting component and heat exchanger and reforming means using the same is provided. The high temperature split flow assembly includes an entrance channel, at least one primary channel and at least one subordinate channel. The entrance channel is for fluid which has a total flow rate flowing into. A first angle is between the entrance channel and the primary channel. The first angle is between 90~270 degrees. The primary channel is for receiving fluid which has a first flow rate from the entrance channel. A second angle is between the subordinate channel and the primary channel. The second angle is between 30~150 degrees. The subordinate channel is for receiving fluid which has a second flow rate from the entrance channel. The sum of the first flow rate and the second flow rate equals to the total flow rate.

Description

High temperature splitter assembly and heat exchanger and recombination mechanism using it

The present invention relates to a high-temperature splitter assembly and a heat exchanger and recombination mechanism using the same, in particular to a high-temperature splitter assembly that can effectively control the proportion of fluid splitting at high temperatures, and a heat exchanger and recombination mechanism using the same.

High-temperature shunt components are often used in petrochemical, chemical, power and other industries. The common high-temperature diversion methods include high-temperature diversion valves and three-way pipelines. In a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system, it can be used for anode tail gas shunting to achieve fuel recovery and regeneration and combustion control. It has a significant benefit to the system's power generation efficiency.

During the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system, about 75% of the fuel gas consumed by the stack is used, and the remaining 25% is used to provide the system for thermal cycling. However, the remaining 25% of the high-temperature tail gas will affect the heat balance and power generation efficiency of the system, so the gas tail recovery technology and heat exchange technology of the system are very important.

The fuel diversion technology adopted by the current solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system roughly includes two types of pumping pumps and active/passive diversion valves.

Regarding the pumping pump, its shortcoming is: because the normal temperature pump cannot be operated at high temperature (for example, >400℃), it must use the high temperature resistant pump; however, the price of the high temperature resistant pump is about three times that of the normal temperature pump , The price is expensive; and if the normal temperature pump is used, the heat exchanger needs to be used again, and the exhaust gas cooling operation is carried out, thus increasing the heat loss.

Regarding the active/passive diverter valve, the shortcomings are: the active diverter valve is expensive and the electronic components cannot withstand high temperatures, while the passive diverter valve cannot control the diverging ratio.

Based on the fact that the conventional shunt technology used in the industry cannot precisely control the ratio of gas shunt at high temperatures, and the cost is quite expensive, how can there be a "high temperature shunt component" that can effectively control the ratio of fluid shunt at high temperatures? Issues that need to be solved urgently by people in related technical fields.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a high-temperature splitter assembly, which is suitable for use in a temperature range formed by a first temperature and a second temperature, the first temperature is lower than the second temperature, and the high-temperature splitter assembly includes ：An inlet flow channel provides a total flow of fluid to enter; at least one first flow channel communicates with the inlet flow channel and has a first included angle with the inlet flow tool, the first included angle is between 90 and 270 degrees Range, the first flow channel provides the fluid with a first flow rate to flow in from the inlet flow channel; and at least one second flow channel communicates with the first flow channel and has a second included angle with the first flow channel, the first flow channel The two included angles are in the range of 30-150 degrees, the second flow channel provides the fluid with a second flow rate to flow in from the inlet flow channel, and the sum of the first flow rate and the second flow rate is the total flow rate.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a heat exchanger, comprising: at least a flow channel plate, the opposite sides of which are respectively provided with a plurality of first fluid channels and second fluid channels The first fluid channel and the second fluid channel respectively provide a first fluid and a second fluid with different temperatures to flow through, wherein the first fluid channel is formed by the high-temperature splitter assembly proposed in the present invention.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a recombination mechanism using the high-temperature splitter assembly proposed by the present invention, including: a coating applied on the high-temperature splitter assembly for performing a recombination reaction.

1. 1A~1D: high temperature shunt components

10.10A~10D: inlet runner

11: Exit

20, 20A~20C, 21D, 22D: first runner

21: Entry side

30, 30A~30C, 31D, 32D: second runner

31: Entry side

4: heat exchanger

4A: Runner plate stacking assembly

41: runner plate

411: First fluid channel

412: second fluid channel

H1: entrance

H2: Exit

L1~L5: Curve

θ1, θ1A~θ1C: the first included angle

θ2, θ2A~θ2C: second included angle

ψ1: The first pipe diameter

ψ2: Second pipe diameter

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the high-temperature shunt component of the present invention.

2 to 4 are structural schematic diagrams of different embodiments of high-temperature shunt components of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph of the shunt ratio curve of the high-temperature shunt component embodiment of the present invention at different operating temperatures.

FIG. 5A is a three-dimensional graph showing the relationship between the angle and the shunt ratio of the embodiment of the high-temperature shunt component of the present invention at 25 degrees Celsius.

FIG. 5B is a three-dimensional graph of the relationship between the angle and the shunt ratio of the embodiment of the high-temperature shunt component of the present invention at 800 degrees Celsius.

FIG. 5C is a three-dimensional graph of the relationship between the angle and the flow rate at 800 degrees Celsius of the embodiment of the high-temperature splitter assembly of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the ratio of flow splitting when the first flow channel and the second flow channel of the embodiment of the high-temperature splitting assembly of the present invention have the flow regardless of the diameter.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the high-temperature splitter assembly of the present invention having a plurality of first flow passages and a plurality of second flow passages.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of an embodiment of a heat exchanger using the high-temperature splitter assembly of the present invention.

8A and 8B are schematic views showing the structure of two opposite sides of the flow channel plate constituting the heat exchanger of FIG. 8.

Please refer to FIG. 1, a high-temperature shunt assembly 1 provided by the present invention is suitable for use in a temperature range formed by a first temperature and a second temperature, the first temperature being lower than the second temperature. The high temperature splitter assembly 1 includes an inlet flow channel 10, a first flow channel 20 and a second flow channel 30.

The inlet flow channel 10 provides fluid entry with a total flow rate. The first flow channel 20 communicates with the inlet flow channel 10 and has a first included angle θ1 with the inlet flow path. The first included angle θ1 is in the range of 90 to 270 degrees. The first flow channel 20 provides fluid with a first flow rate to flow in from the inlet flow channel 10.

The second flow passage 30 communicates with the first flow passage 20 and has a second included angle θ2 with the first flow passage 20, and the second included angle θ2 is in the range of 30 to 150 degrees. The second flow channel 30 provides a fluid with a second flow rate to flow into the inlet flow channel 10, and the sum of the first flow rate and the second flow rate is the total flow rate.

The inlet flow channel 10 has an outlet end 11, and the inlet end 21 of the first flow channel 20 is directly connected to the outlet end 11 of the inlet flow channel 10, so that all the fluid with a total flow can flow into the first flow channel 20 from the inlet flow channel 10; The inlet end 31 of the second flow channel 30 is directly connected to the first flow channel 20, and the inlet end 31 of the second flow channel 30 and the outlet end 11 of the inlet flow channel 10 are not directly connected. Therefore, the first flow channel 20 has a total The flow of fluid is divided from the first flow channel 20 into the second flow channel 30.

The first flow channel 20 has a first pipe diameter ψ1, and the second flow channel 30 has a second pipe diameter ψ2. The preferred range of the ratio of the second pipe diameter ψ2 to the first pipe diameter ψ1 is: (ψ2/ψ1)= 0.25~1.1.

When the high-temperature splitter assembly 1 is used at the first temperature, the second flow rate flowing into the second flow channel 30 is less than 5% of the total flow rate. For example, when the first temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, the first flow rate flowing into the first flow channel 20 is 99%, and the second flow rate flowing into the second flow channel 30 is 1%.

When the high temperature splitter assembly 1 is used at the second temperature, the second flow rate flowing into the second flow channel 30 is equal to or greater than 5% of the total flow rate. For example, when the second temperature is 800 degrees Celsius, the first flow rate flowing into the first flow channel 20 is 54%, and the second flow rate flowing into the second flow channel 30 is 46%.

Please refer to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the high-temperature splitter assembly 1A includes an inlet flow channel 10A, a first flow channel 20A, and a second flow channel 30A. The first angle θ1A between the first flow path 20A and the inlet flow path 10A is 90 degrees. The second included angle θ2A between the second flow passage 30A and the first flow passage 20A is 30 degrees.

Please refer to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the high-temperature splitter assembly 1B includes an inlet flow channel 10B, a first flow channel 20B, and a second flow channel 30B. The first angle θ1B between the first flow path 20B and the inlet flow path 10B is 90 degrees. The second included angle θ2B between the second flow passage 30B and the first flow passage 20B is 150 degrees.

Please refer to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the high-temperature splitter assembly 1C includes an inlet flow channel 10C, a first flow channel 20C, and a second flow channel 30C. The first angle θ1C between the first flow channel 20C and the inlet flow channel 10C is 270 degrees. The second included angle θ2C between the second flow passage 30C and the first flow passage 20C is 150 degrees.

The embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrate that the angle between the inlet flow channel, the first flow channel, and the second flow channel of the present invention has various implementations, which can be set according to actual needs.

Please refer to FIG. 5, where the split ratio on the vertical axis represents the percentage of the second flow into the second flow channel compared to the total flow into the inlet flow channel.

The curve L1 corresponds to the exemplary structure shown in FIG. 2, the first included angle θ1A is 90 degrees, and the second included angle θ2A is 30 degrees. The test condition is that the fluid flow rate is 8 liters per minute (l/min). When the high temperature splitter assembly 1A is used at 25 degrees Celsius, the second flow rate is about 1% of the total fluid flow rate, and at 800 degrees Celsius, the second flow rate can reach 26% of the total fluid flow rate.

The curve L2 corresponds to the exemplary structure shown in FIG. 3, the first included angle θ1B is 270 degrees, and the second included angle θ2B is 150 degrees. The test condition is that the fluid flow rate is 5.6 liters per minute (l/min). When the high temperature splitter assembly 1B is used at 25 degrees Celsius, the second flow rate is about 1% of the total fluid flow rate, and at 800 degrees Celsius, the second flow rate can reach 42% of the total fluid flow rate.

The curve L3 represents the structure of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the first included angle θ1C is 90 degrees, and the second included angle θ2C is 150 degrees. The test condition is that the fluid flow rate is 8.4 liters per minute (l/min). When the high temperature splitter assembly 1C is used at 25 degrees Celsius, the second flow rate is about 1% of the total fluid flow rate, and at 800 degrees Celsius, the second flow rate can reach 47% of the total fluid flow rate

It can be seen from the curve shown in FIG. 5 that when the first included angle θ1 between the first flow passage 20 and the inlet flow passage 10 of the high-temperature splitter assembly 1 of the present invention is in the range of 90 to 270 degrees, the second flow passage 30 and the first flow passage 20 When the second included angle θ2 is in the range of 30 to 150 degrees, the high-temperature shunt assembly 1 of the present invention can perform significantly better when used at high temperatures (e.g., 800 degrees Celsius) than at normal temperatures (e.g., 25 degrees Celsius). Shunt function.

Please refer to FIG. 5A, which shows a three-dimensional graph showing the relationship between the angle and the shunt ratio of the embodiment of the high-temperature shunt component of the present invention at 25 degrees Celsius. Among them, "Split ratio (%)" represents the split ratio of the inflow into the second runner compared to the inlet runner; "Angle θ1 (degrees)" represents the first angle between the first runner and the inlet runner; "Angle θ2 (degrees)" represents the second included angle between the second runner and the first runner.

Please refer to FIG. 5B, which shows a three-dimensional graph showing the relationship between the angle and the shunt ratio of the embodiment of the high-temperature shunt component of the present invention at 800 degrees Celsius. Among them, "Split ratio(%)" represents the ratio of split flow into the second flow channel compared to the inlet flow channel. In this simulation experiment, the fluid is hydrogen; "Angle θ1 (degrees)" represents the first flow channel and the inlet The first angle between the runners; "Angle θ2 (degrees)" represents the second angle between the second runner and the first runner.

Please refer to FIG. 5C, which shows a three-dimensional graph of the relationship between the angle and the flow rate of the embodiment of the high-temperature splitter assembly of the present invention. Among them, "Flow rate (nlpm)" represents the fluid flow (nlpm, liters per minute) flowing into the inlet channel; "Angle θ2 (degrees)" represents the first angle between the first channel and the inlet channel; "Angle θ2( degrees)" represents the second angle between the second runner and the first runner.

As shown in Figures 5A to 5C, at 25 degrees Celsius, the shunt ratio is less than or equal to 1%; at 800 degrees Celsius, when the first angle is 90 to 270 degrees, and the second angle is 30 to 150 degrees, the shunt ratio is the highest Up to 46%. With the design of the first and second included angles, it has a mechanism of diversion between normal temperature (for example, 25 degrees Celsius) and high temperature (for example, 800 degrees Celsius) under different hydrogen flow rates at 5 to 65 nlpm. According to the analysis results, the design of the shunt structure in this case can effectively control the high and low temperature shunt situation.

Please refer to Figures 1 and 6, where the split ratio on the vertical axis represents the percentage of the second flow into the second flow channel 30 compared to the total flow from the inlet flow channel 10, and the horizontal axis represents the second pipe diameter The ratio of ψ2 to the first pipe diameter ψ1.

The curve L4 represents the effect of the change in the ratio of the second tube diameter ψ2 to the first tube diameter ψ1 on the flow split ratio when the high-temperature splitter assembly 1 is used at the second temperature of 800 degrees Celsius.

Curve L5 represents when the high-temperature splitter assembly 1 is used at the first temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, the first The effect of the change of the ratio of the second pipe diameter ψ2 to the first pipe diameter ψ1 on the shunt ratio.

The curve shown in Fig. 6 proves that when the pipe diameter ratio (ψ2/ψ1) of the second flow channel 30 to the first flow channel 20 is in the range of 0.25~1.1, there is no obvious diversion situation when the high temperature diversion assembly 1 is used at room temperature. The high-temperature splitter assembly 1 can be used at high temperature to form split flow, which shows that the present invention can perform effective split flow control through temperature.

Please refer to the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the high-temperature splitter assembly 1D includes an inlet runner 10, a plurality of first runners 21D, 22D, and a plurality of second runners 31D, 32D. The angle relationship and the pipe diameter ratio between the inlet flow passage 10, the first flow passages 21D, 22D, and the second flow passages 31D, 32D follow the relationship and the pipe diameter ratio of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In addition, FIG. 7 also discloses the inlet H1 and the outlet H2 representing the inflow and outflow of the high-temperature fluid, whereby the high-temperature splitting component 1D of the present invention can control the split ratio by heat exchange with the high-temperature fluid.

The embodiment of FIG. 7 illustrates that the number and shape of the first flow channel and the second flow channel of the present invention can be changed according to actual needs.

Please refer to FIG. 8, the present invention provides a heat exchanger 4 having a flow channel plate stack assembly 4A, and the flow channel plate stack assembly 4A is formed by stacking a plurality of flow channel plates 41. The heat exchanger 4 is suitable for any device that requires heat exchange, for example, it can be suitable for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).

Please refer to Figures 8A and 8B, which respectively show two opposite sides of the flow channel plate 41. The two opposite sides are respectively provided with a plurality of first fluid channels 411 and second fluid channels 412, the first fluid channel 411 and the second fluid channel 411, respectively. The fluid channels 412 respectively provide a first fluid and a second fluid with different temperatures to flow through. Among them, the first fluid channel 411 is designed according to the angles of the inlet channel, the first channel and the second channel of the high-temperature splitter assembly of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 8, the first fluid passes through the first fluid channel 411 of the channel plate 41 including the inlet channel, the first channel and the second channel, and can flow in from the inlet channel and into the first channel and the second channel respectively. Two flow channels (the two-divided arrow shown in the left half of Fig. 8 schematically represents the flow direction and flow of the first fluid), and the second fluid with a temperature different from the first fluid flows through the second fluid channel plate 41 The fluid channel 412 (the arrow shown in the right half of FIG. 8 represents the second fluid flow direction). Through the first fluid and the second fluid of different temperatures flowing through the two opposite sides of the same flow channel plate 41, and the first fluid channel 411 designed according to the high-temperature splitter assembly of the present invention described above, an effective control of the split ratio is achieved.

It must be noted that the structures of the heat exchanger 4 and the flow channel plate 41 shown in FIGS. 8 to 8B are only schematic diagrams, which are used to illustrate a heat exchanger using the high-temperature splitter assembly of the present invention, but should not be limited thereto.

As far as the embodiments of Figures 1 to 4 and Figure 7 are concerned, as long as the recombination catalyst coating is coated on the high-temperature shunt components 1, 1A~1D, the recombination mechanism can be formed, for example, it can be applied to solid oxide fuel cells. (SOFC), used for recombination reaction, for example, recombination of hydrocarbon CO ₂ gas. Combining high-temperature exhaust gas with recombination catalyst coatings, such as nickel-based alloys, copper-based alloys and platinum precious metals, to carry out carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), methane (CH ₄ ), hydrogen (H ₂ ) recombination reactions, and reduce system carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) Emissions improve the power generation efficiency of the system.

The creative concept of the present invention is that the present invention achieves the shunting effect of high-temperature industrial gas through structural design. Through the structural design of different pipe diameters and branches, the piezoresistance of each flow channel is different, and the shunt effect is achieved.

The design principle of the present invention is that the boundary layer separation phenomenon occurs due to the inertial effect when the fluid flows through the curved surface, and the vortex is formed to affect the flow field resistance; the fluid velocity and viscosity are affected by the operating temperature, Make the size of the flow field vortex change.

In summary, the high-temperature splitter assembly provided by the present invention utilizes split manifold designs with different angles to control the flow channel resistance of the working fluid at different operating temperatures and achieve the goal of component flow ratio control.

Not only can it achieve the split flow of industrial gases (hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, etc.) at high temperatures, but it can also integrate existing system components with heat exchangers for integrated design to improve the system heat recovery rate and control the split ratio , Reduce system cost.

Actually verified, as far as the power generation system is concerned, if 50% of the residual fuel is recovered, the power generation efficiency of the cell stack can be increased from 50% to 57%. When the power generation efficiency is 50%, 675 liters per minute (l/min) of natural gas is needed. However, when the power generation efficiency is 57%, only 592 liters/minute (l/min) of natural gas is needed, which can save about 13%. For the fuel cost, taking electricity generation for one year as an example, the fuel cost can save 20,000 US dollars. Compared with the conventional method of recycling gas by using a high-temperature split pump, the cost of the high-temperature split pump needs at least US$50,000, and its efficiency is lower than that of the present invention.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to those defined by the attached patent application scope.

1: High temperature shunt components

10: Inlet runner

11: Exit

20: First runner

21: Entry side

30: second runner

31: Entry side

θ1: The first included angle

θ2: second included angle

ψ1: The first pipe diameter

ψ2: Second pipe diameter

Claims (8)

A high-temperature shunt component, which is suitable for use in a temperature range formed by a first temperature and a second temperature, the first temperature being lower than the second temperature, the high-temperature shunt component comprising: an inlet flow channel provided with a The total flow of fluid enters, the inlet flow has an outlet end; at least one first flow channel communicates with the inlet flow channel and has a first angle with the inlet flow, and the first angle is in the range of 90 to 270 degrees The first flow channel provides the fluid with a first flow rate to flow in from the inlet flow channel, the inlet end of the first flow channel is directly connected to the outlet end of the inlet flow channel, and all the fluids with the total flow rate The inlet flow channel flows into the first flow channel; at least one second flow channel communicates with the first flow channel and has a second included angle with the first flow tool, the second included angle is in the range of 30 to 150 degrees, the The second flow channel provides the fluid with a second flow rate to flow in from the inlet flow channel. The sum of the first flow rate and the second flow rate is the total flow rate. The inlet end of the second flow channel is directly connected to the first flow channel. Connected, the inlet end of the second flow channel and the outlet end of the inlet flow channel are not directly connected, and the fluid with the total flow rate in the first flow channel is divided into the second flow channel by the first flow channel; And the first flow tool has a first pipe diameter ψ1, and the second flow tool has a second pipe diameter ψ2, (ψ2/ψ1)=0.25~1.1. The high-temperature splitter assembly described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the high-temperature splitter assembly is used at the first temperature, the second flow rate is less than 5% of the total flow rate. The high-temperature splitter assembly described in item 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, and the second flow rate is less than or equal to 1% of the total flow rate. The high-temperature splitter assembly described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein when the high-temperature splitter assembly is used at the second temperature, the second flow rate is equal to or greater than 5% of the total flow rate. The high-temperature splitter assembly described in item 4 of the scope of patent application, wherein the second temperature is 800 degrees Celsius, and the second flow rate is at least 46% of the total flow rate. A heat exchanger, comprising: at least a flow channel plate, the opposite sides of which are respectively provided with a plurality of first fluid channels and second fluid channels, the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel respectively provide a first fluid and a second fluid with different temperatures Two fluids flow through, wherein the first fluid channel is constituted by the high-temperature shunt component of any one of items 1 to 5 in the scope of the patent application. A recombination mechanism using the high-temperature splitter components of the first to fifth items of the scope of patent application includes: a recombination catalyst coating coated on the high-temperature splitter component to perform a recombination reaction. The reorganization mechanism described in item 7 of the scope of patent application, wherein the reorganization catalyst coating is one of a nickel-based alloy, a copper-based alloy and a platinum precious metal.

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