TWI623140B - Battery case for electric vehicle with heat dissipation and drainage structure - Google Patents

Abstract

An electric vehicle battery box housing with a heat dissipation and drainage structure is suitable for an electric vehicle to accommodate a battery module. The electric vehicle battery box housing includes: a frame, an inner box body, an outer box body, and a heat dissipation plate; The frame includes an inner surface and an outer surface; the inner box body is connected to the inner surface of the frame with a plurality of panels, and forms a box-shaped accommodating space for accommodating a battery module. Through-hole; the outer box is connected to the outer surface of the frame with multiple panels to form a box-shaped body. The outer bottom plate is provided with a plurality of through-drain holes, which correspond to the lower-position through-holes on the outer side plate. The cover body is provided with a through-air exhaust hole; the heat dissipation plate is arranged below the outer bottom plate of the outer box body, and the heat dissipation plate is provided with a drainage and ventilation channel corresponding to the drainage hole setting area of the outer bottom plate.

Description

Battery case for electric vehicle with heat dissipation and drainage structure

The present invention relates to a battery box casing of an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to a battery box casing having both heat dissipation and drainage structures provided on an electric vehicle to accommodate a battery component.

Global oil prices have risen, environmental awareness has risen, and the development of the electric vehicle industry has become the focus of global attention. Among them, the issue of weight reduction has attracted the most attention. In particular, the development trend of battery module shell technology for electric vehicles will move toward lightweighting, rapid manufacturing, and easy integration. Security and other directions. The domestic projects to develop lightweight battery box shells to be overcome are: 1. Shell structural strength (rigidity requirements): The battery box shell is loaded on the vehicle and must meet the design of the car body's collision safety; 2. Heat dissipation / flow Road design (life) problem: the control of the battery box shell temperature will determine the service life of the battery cell; 3. Lightweight / manufacturability (promotion) problem: battery lightweight design, increase weight energy density, increase battery life; 4. fatigue / Waterproof (regulation) issues: The housing must meet the functional requirements of long-term use (fatigue) and wading (waterproof).

However, there are many battery cases (such as power batteries) used in the field of electric vehicles in consideration of heat dissipation. As shown in FIG. 1, Chinese CN 204905316 U patent discloses a heat-dissipating battery box, which includes a box body 1, a box cover 11, and a radiator 12, the box cover 11 is connected to the box body 1, and the bottom of the box body 1 is provided. There is an opening 13, and the heat sink 12 is connected to the case 1 corresponding to the opening 13. The heat dissipation effect of the battery box is optimized by the arrangement of the heat sink 12. However, this patented technology only connects the fin-type radiator 12 on the bottom surface of the battery box, and there is no solution for the hot air rising to the top of the box after being heated by thermal radiation in the battery box, and there is no solution for waterproofing the battery box. Program.

The Chinese CN 2842750 Y patent discloses a battery case that facilitates the ventilation and heat dissipation of the battery. The battery case includes an upper case, a lower case, and a battery case cover. A battery holder for installing a battery module is provided on the bottom surface of the lower case. The bottom surface is arched and tilted high in the middle and low on both sides, and the top surface of the box cover is arched and tilted in parallel with each other corresponding to the bottom surface. The top and bottom surfaces form an inclined air duct with high middle and low sides; the bottom surface of the lower box The middle part is provided with an air outlet hole and more than one fan for exhausting outside is provided on the corresponding outer side; the bottom corner of the lower box is provided with an air inlet hole, and more than one is installed on the corresponding outer side of the air inlet hole Fan for blowing air into the box. A mounting bracket is provided on the bottom surface of the lower box body to facilitate the loading and unloading of the box on the electric vehicle. However, similar to the above-mentioned Chinese CN 204905316 U patent, the heat dissipation structure of this patent only focuses on the thermal energy at the bottom of the battery box, but there is no solution for the hot air rising to the top of the box after being heated by thermal radiation in the battery box. The waterproof aspect of the battery box is also mentioned.

Furthermore, the US patent US 20120135293 discloses a battery box assembly having a sandwich sandwich structure, and the rigidity of the overall structure is strong, and the main parts of all the battery cells can be exposed to the air without being covered by the battery box, so it can be Natural convection air cooling, especially the wind when the vehicle is traveling, can fully cool all the battery cells, so there is no need to install additional cooling equipment. However, each battery of the patent is covered with a frame, and a large gap is provided between each frame for gas to pass through. Therefore, the number of batteries that can be assembled in the battery box of the patent under the same volume It will greatly reduce the weight and weight of the battery box.

The purpose of the present invention is to apply the air flow channel between the inner and outer two-layer shell walls on the battery box shell structure, supplemented by the design of the inner box and the outer box with high bottom holes, respectively, to form air and rainwater from the outer box. After the body enters the battery box housing, it has the role of separation and guidance, which can be Cold air is introduced into the interior of the battery case through an air hole above the inner case and is discharged from the top. Water is discharged from the battery case through a water guide hole under the inner case and a heat sink.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a battery box housing for an electric vehicle in which a battery module is housed, which includes a frame, an inner box body and an outer box body. The frame includes an inner surface and an outer surface; the inner box body includes an inner bottom plate and a plurality of inner plates that are respectively joined to the inner surface to define a box-shaped accommodating space for accommodating the battery module, the at least one The inner plate is provided with a high through hole away from the inner bottom plate; the outer box body includes a box body and a cover body, and the box body includes a drainage heat radiation plate and a plurality of outer plates which are respectively joined to the outer surface of the frame and are defined by a common circle. Box, a sandwich space is formed between the inner plates and the outer plates, and a low-position through hole is provided on the outer plate corresponding to each high-position through-hole position, and the low-position through-hole has a low height from the position of the inner bottom plate The drainage radiating plate is provided with at least one drainage ventilation channel in the high-level through hole, and the drainage radiating plate is provided with a plurality of drainage guide holes corresponding to the drainage ventilation channel setting area, and a cover system covers the top of the box body. The surface is open, and the cover is provided with at least one exhaust hole passing therethrough.

In one embodiment, the drainage radiating plate is an extruded plate, and the structure of the drainage ventilating channel is extruded at the same time as the extruded plate, and the direction of the drainage ventilating channel is set toward the traveling direction of the electric vehicle.

An embodiment further includes: an active heat dissipation device is disposed on the cover corresponding to the position of the exhaust hole, and is used to extract the air of the box-shaped accommodating space out of the cover.

In one embodiment, the frame is composed of a plurality of aluminum extruded brackets, and the joint between the inner box body and / or the outer box body and the frame is a waterproof sealed welding structure.

The feature of the present invention is that the present invention provides a comprehensive solution for air cooling and waterproofing of the battery box shell of an electric vehicle. The ingenious two-way airflow channel is used to reduce air and water from low. The through holes are sucked into the outer box body, and then introduced through the high through holes above the inner box body, and then air is drawn out through the top of the inner box body, and water is discharged through the drainage ventilation channel of the lower drainage heat sink plate. The above-mentioned air cooling scheme uses forced convection: a chimney effect is applied, a heat dissipation device is provided on the top of the battery box casing, and the concentrated hot air is discharged outside the battery box casing. In addition, the present invention also has a heat dissipation effect of natural convection. The thermal contact between the battery module and the draining and radiating plate is used to dissipate the heat from the bottom surface of the battery box shell by contacting cold air with the draining and venting channel. When the lightweight, high-strength aluminum extrusion material selected for the frame material, the inner box material, and the outer box material is combined with an aluminum plate, the battery box shell of the present invention can comprehensively improve the lightness, safety, heat dissipation, and Drainage.

1‧‧‧ box

11‧‧‧ box cover

12‧‧‧ Radiator

13‧‧‧ opening

20‧‧‧Electric vehicle battery box shell

21‧‧‧Frame

211‧‧‧Inner surface

212‧‧‧outer surface

213‧‧‧Aluminum extrusion bracket

2131‧‧‧Drainage through hole

22‧‧‧Inner Box

221‧‧‧Inner floor

2211‧‧‧Drain hole

222‧‧‧Inner plate

2221‧‧‧High Via

23‧‧‧ Outer Box

231‧‧‧Box

2311‧‧‧Drain heat sink

23111‧‧‧Top

231111‧‧‧Drainage guide hole

23112‧‧‧ Underside

23113‧‧‧Drainage ventilation channel

2312‧‧‧Outboard

23121‧‧‧Low through hole

2313‧‧‧ opening

232‧‧‧ Cover

2321‧‧‧Vent

24‧‧‧active cooling device

241‧‧‧Blower type cooling fan

2411‧‧‧Air inlet

2412‧‧‧outlet

B‧‧‧ Battery Module

S‧‧‧ mezzanine space

Inside the I‧‧‧ frame

O‧‧‧ outside the frame

W1‧‧‧Air flow direction

W2, W3‧‧‧‧Water flow direction

FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art battery box housing structure; FIG. 2 illustrates a frame structure of an electric vehicle battery box housing with a heat dissipation and drainage structure according to the present invention; and FIG. 3 illustrates a heat dissipation and drainage structure according to the present invention. An exploded perspective view of the battery case of an electric vehicle; FIG. 4 is a combined perspective view of FIG. 3; and FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the heat dissipation mechanism along an embodiment of the battery case of an electric vehicle according to the present invention. Sectional transfer sectional view; FIG. 6 illustrates a transfer sectional view of the drainage mechanism of an embodiment of the battery case of an electric vehicle according to the present invention, taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4; and FIG. 7 illustrates the present invention Another embodiment of the battery box housing of the electric vehicle is a cross-sectional view of the drainage mechanism taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4.

The following is a detailed description of this creative embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which illustrate the basic structure of the creative only in a schematic way. Therefore, only the components related to the creative are marked in these drawings. Moreover, the displayed components are not drawn according to the number, shape, size ratio, etc. of the implementation, and the actual implementation specifications are an optional design, and the component layout may be more complicated.

Please refer to Figures 2 to 4. The battery case of an electric vehicle with a heat dissipation and drainage structure in this embodiment is mainly suitable for accommodating a battery module B. The battery case 20 of the electric vehicle includes a frame 21, an inner case 22, and an outer case Body 23: The frame 21 has an inner surface 211 facing the inside I of the frame 21 and an outer surface 212 facing the outside O of the frame 21 of the frame 21. In one embodiment, the frame 21 is extruded from a plurality of aluminum The inner frame 22 includes an inner bottom plate 221 joined to a bottom surface of the inner surface 211 and a plurality of inner plates 222 joined to an inner elevation of the inner surface 211. The inner bottom plate 221 And the box-shaped accommodating space defined and surrounded by the inner plates 222, the top of the box-shaped accommodating space is an open end, and the battery module B is placed in the box-shaped accommodating space. The bottom plate 221 is provided with a plurality of drainage holes 2211. At least one of the inner plates 222 is provided with a high-level through hole 2221, which is a distance from the inner bottom plate 221. The outer box 23 includes a box 231 and a cover. The body 232 and the box 231 include a bottom joined to the outer surface 212 of the frame 21 A drainage radiating plate 2311 and a plurality of outer plates 2312 joined to the outer façade of the frame 21, and the drainage radiating plate 2311 and the outer plates 2312 define a box 231 with a top surface opening. A sandwich space S is naturally formed between the inner plates 222 and the outer plates 2312 by sandwiching the frame 21.

In addition, a low-position through-hole 23121 is provided on the outer plate 2312 corresponding to the position of each high-position through-hole 2221, and the distance between the low-position through-hole 23121 and the inner bottom plate 221 is lower than the high-position through-hole. The distance between 2221 and the inner bottom plate 221, at least one drainage ventilation channel 23113 is provided between the top surface 23111 and the bottom surface 23112 of the drainage heat dissipation plate 2311, and the top surface 23111 of the drainage heat dissipation plate 2311 corresponds to the drainage ventilation passage 23113 The installation area penetrates a plurality of drainage guide holes 231111, so that the outer space of the outer box 23, the lower through hole 23121, the mezzanine space S, the high through hole 2221, the inner space of the inner box 22, and the drainage guide The space between the hole 231111 and the drainage and ventilation channel 23113 is communicated with each other. The cover 232 covers the top surface opening of the box 231, and the cover 232 is provided with at least one exhaust hole 2321 therethrough.

As shown in Figure 4. In one embodiment, an exhaust hole 2321 is provided on the top surface of the cover 232 of the battery box housing 20 of the electric vehicle according to the present invention, and the hot air rising in the box-shaped accommodating space can be discharged. However, in order to enhance the heat dissipation efficiency, as shown in FIG. 5, the battery box housing 20 of the electric vehicle of the present invention may further include: an active heat dissipation device 24 disposed on the cover 232 corresponding to the position of the exhaust hole 2321 for The air in the box-shaped accommodating space is drawn out of the cover 232 (the battery box housing 20 of the electric vehicle), and fresh air is sucked in from the low-position through hole 23121 to generate a forced convection effect. The aforementioned active cooling device may be a cooling fan, preferably (but not limited to), the cooling fan may be an air inlet 2411 facing the exhaust hole 2321 and the air outlet 2412 of the cover 232 located on the cover. The blower-type cooling fan 241 in the horizontal direction outside the body 232 is illustrated with reference to the air flow direction W1 in FIG. 5.

As shown in Figure 6. The function of the drainage structure of this embodiment is when water (rainwater, stagnant water outside the electric vehicle) is blown in or flows in from the low through hole 23121 on the outer side plate 2312 of the outer case 2323 of the outer case 23 of the electric vehicle battery case 20 The wind pressure when the electric vehicle is traveling may blow water to the mezzanine space S, and fill the high through hole 2221 of the inner plate 222 to enter the inner space of the inner box 22. At this time, water will fall in due to the effect of gravity. The bottom plate 221, and the drain hole 2211 of the inner bottom plate 221 drops to The top surface 23111 of the drainage heat dissipation plate 2311 enters the drainage ventilation channel 23113 through the drainage guide hole 231111 and is discharged out of the battery case 20 of the motor vehicle. Please refer to the water flow direction W2 in FIG. 6.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, in an embodiment, the aluminum extrusion bracket 213 at the lower position of the interlayer space s is provided with a drainage through hole 2131 that communicates with the drainage guide holes 231111 space. When rainwater, stagnant water, etc. enter the mezzanine space S through the lower through hole 23121 of the battery box housing 20 of the electric vehicle, the top surface of the frame 21 (aluminum extrusion bracket 213) at the bottom of the mezzanine space S is flush with the bottom of the mezzanine space S. The water can flow out from the original low through hole 23121, and the water in the S part of the mezzanine space can fall into the drainage through hole 2131 of the aluminum extrusion bracket 213 by gravity, drop to the top surface 23111 of the drainage heat dissipation plate 2311, and drain water. The guide hole 231111 enters the drainage ventilation channel 23113 and is discharged out of the battery case 20 of the motor vehicle. Please refer to the water flow direction W3 in FIG. 7.

In an embodiment, the drainage heat dissipation plate 2311 is an extruded plate, and the structure of the drainage ventilation channel 23113 is extruded at the same time as the extrusion plate, which is lightweight and saves the processing ability of the drainage ventilation channel 23113. The advantages.

In order to make the invention produce better natural exhaust efficiency, the direction of the drainage ventilation channel 23113 of the drainage heat dissipation plate 2311 is set toward the traveling direction of the electric vehicle, so that when the electric vehicle travels, the drainage ventilation channel 23113 on the windward side It can generate strong wind current, which helps to improve the heat dissipation of the battery box shell of electric vehicles.

In one embodiment, the frame 21 is made of AL6063, the inner box 22 and / or the outer box 23 is made of AL A365 or AL 5082, and the inner box 22 and / or The joint system of the outer casing 23 and the frame 21 is a waterproof sealed welding structure. The joint method is selected from friction stir welding (FSW), cold metal transfer (CMT) welding, and gas. Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Or glue one of the groups.

The foregoing implementation manners or embodiments of the technical means adopted by the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of this creation patent. That is, all changes and modifications that are consistent with the meaning of the scope of patent application of the present invention, or made according to the scope of patent of the present invention, are covered by the scope of patent of the present invention.

Claims (11)

An electric vehicle battery box housing with a heat dissipation and drainage structure is suitable for accommodating a battery module. The electric vehicle battery box housing includes a frame having an inner surface facing the interior of the frame and facing the frame. An outer surface on the outer side; an inner box body including an inner bottom plate and a plurality of inner plates that are respectively joined to a bottom surface and an inner elevation of the inner surface to define a box-shaped accommodation space with an open top, The battery module is disposed in the box-shaped accommodating space, the inner bottom plate is provided with a plurality of drainage holes, the at least one inner plate is provided with a high-level through hole away from the inner bottom plate; and an outer box body includes a box body. And a cover body, the box system includes a drainage heat dissipation plate and a plurality of outer plates which are respectively connected to a bottom surface and an outer façade of the outer surface of the frame to define a box body having a top surface opening, the inner sides A sandwich space is formed between the plate and the outer plates, and a low-position through hole is provided on the outer plate corresponding to each high-position through-hole position, and the position of the low-position through-hole from the inner bottom plate is lower than that of the high-position through-hole. Bit Height, at least one drainage ventilation channel is provided between the top surface and the bottom surface of the drainage heat radiation plate, and the drainage surface of the drainage heat radiation plate passes through a plurality of drainage guide holes corresponding to the drainage ventilation channel installation area, so that the low-level communication The hole, the interlayer space and the space of the high-level through hole communicate with each other, the cover system covers the top surface opening of the box body, and the cover body is provided with at least one exhaust hole therethrough. As described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, a battery case for an electric vehicle with a heat dissipation and drainage structure, wherein the drainage heat dissipation plate is an extruded plate, and the structure of the drainage ventilation channel is simultaneously with the extruded plate Extruded. As described in item 1 or 2 of the scope of the patent application, an electric vehicle battery box housing having a heat dissipation and drainage structure, wherein the direction of the drainage ventilation channel of the drainage heat dissipation plate is set toward the traveling direction of the electric vehicle. The battery case of an electric vehicle with a heat dissipation and drainage structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, further includes: an active heat dissipation device, which is arranged on a cover corresponding to the position of the exhaust hole, for The air in the box-shaped accommodation space is drawn out of the cover. The battery case of an electric vehicle with a heat dissipation and drainage structure as described in item 4 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the active heat dissipation device is a heat dissipation fan. As described in item 5 of the scope of the patent application, the battery case of an electric vehicle with a heat dissipation and drainage structure, wherein the heat dissipation fan is an air outlet with the exhaust hole facing the cover, and the air outlet is located outside the cover. Blower-type cooling fan in horizontal direction. As described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, a battery case for an electric vehicle with a heat dissipation and drainage structure, wherein the frame is composed of multiple aluminum extruded brackets. As described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, the battery case of an electric vehicle with a heat dissipation and drainage structure, wherein a low aluminum extrusion bracket of the interlayer space is provided with drainage through holes that communicate with the drainage guide hole spaces. The battery case of an electric vehicle with a heat dissipation and drainage structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the joint between the inner case and / or the outer case and the frame is a waterproof sealed welded joint structure. As described in item 1 or 7 of the scope of application for an electric vehicle battery case with a heat dissipation and drainage structure, wherein the frame is made of AL6063, the inner case and / or the outer case system contains AL A365 or Made of AL 5082. The battery case of an electric vehicle with a heat dissipation and drainage structure as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the joining method of the inner case and / or the outer case and the frame is selected from friction stir welding ( Friction stir welding (FSW), Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding, Metal Inert Gas (MIG) or gluing.