TWI610008B - A kind of remediation structure technology of hydraulic ecosystem - Google Patents
A kind of remediation structure technology of hydraulic ecosystem Download PDFInfo
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- TWI610008B TWI610008B TW100104172A TW100104172A TWI610008B TW I610008 B TWI610008 B TW I610008B TW 100104172 A TW100104172 A TW 100104172A TW 100104172 A TW100104172 A TW 100104172A TW I610008 B TWI610008 B TW I610008B
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- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 290
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010013647 Drowning Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000580063 Ipomopsis rubra Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001869 rapid Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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Abstract
Description
本發明為一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤，該溪流(河道)整治之蓄水壩堤與水梯結構，是一種水資源保護與開發，同時保護橋梁、堤岸，確保橋梁堤岸安全，解決防洪、蓄水、供水、養殖、遊憩、砂石供應與防止地層下陷等等問題之水資源利用與生態維護之施工技術。 The invention relates to a water storage dam of a water ecological system remediation structure, and the water storage dam and water ladder structure of the stream (river) rectification is a water resource protection and development, and at the same time protects the bridge and the embankment and ensures the safety of the bridge embankment. To solve the problems of flood control, water storage, water supply, aquaculture, recreation, sand and gravel supply and prevention of subsidence of the ground, and other construction technologies for water use and ecological maintenance.
目前氣候變遷，環境破壞，工業發展，造成雨季暴雨成災，溪流(河道)水流暴漲，河床沖刷潰堤，乾季時河道乾涸見底，破壞生物生態，再加上工業發展需水量大，不敷供應，導致尋求水資源成為經濟發展之重要課題，為解決水的供給問題，就是築水庫或攔砂壩，儲存雨水，減少雨水排入大海，其結果造成上下游生態改變，是一種生物滅絕，破壞生態的方法，且會遭環保團體及當地民眾反對，造成政府與民間對立，經濟發展遭受阻礙，問題解決困難，為解決水的問題，便去大量抽取地下水，造成地層嚴重下陷，水災頻傳，結果又導致要解決地層嚴重下陷問題，又提出透水鋪面工法，養生池設置，但土地資源有限，設置困難，徵收民地，易遭人民反對，且地面水滲入地下水層速度慢，且有一定之限度，效果不易彰顯，地層仍繼續嚴重下限，造成建物安全收到威脅，沿海地區，因讓地表低於海平面，只好加高河岸或海岸堤防，又造成地面水無法排入 河川或海中，又產生水災，如此惡性循環，生生不息，永無止境，本發明也是因此才會孕育設計產生。 At present, climate change, environmental destruction, industrial development, causing heavy rains in the rainy season, the currents in streams (rivers) skyrocketing, riverbeds rushing through the embankments, rivers dry up in the dry season, destroying the biological ecology, coupled with industrial development, large water demand, not enough Supply, leading to the search for water resources has become an important issue in economic development. To solve the problem of water supply, it is to build reservoirs or sand dams, store rainwater, and reduce the discharge of rainwater into the sea. As a result, ecological changes in the upstream and downstream are a kind of biological extinction. The method of destroying the ecology will be opposed by the environmental protection groups and the local people, causing the government to oppose the people, hindering economic development, and solving problems. To solve the water problem, it will pump a large amount of groundwater, causing serious subsidence of the stratum and frequent floods. The result is to solve the problem of serious subsidence of the stratum, and propose the permeable paving method and the setting of the health pool. However, the land resources are limited, the installation is difficult, the land is levied, and it is easy to be opposed by the people. The surface water penetrates into the groundwater layer slowly, and there is a certain Limits, the effect is not easy to highlight, the formation continues to a serious lower limit, resulting in construction Whole received threatening coastal areas, due to make the surface below sea level, had raised river banks or coastal dikes, but also cause surface water can not be discharged into In rivers or in the sea, floods occur again, and such a vicious circle is endless, and there is no end to it.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤，在溪流整治上是在河(溪)床上築起蓄水壩堤，以截留雨季時之河(溪)水(地面水)，並防止雨季暴雨時河水泛濫成災，在築壩堤前應先測量河(溪)床坡度，依其坡度在決定壩堤間距與每一壩堤之落差，同時應調查河床每年砂石之沉積量，作為決定河床挖除砂石之深度，使可達到蓄水與防洪之目標，同時可解決砂石供應之問題。 In the water storage dam of the water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention, in the stream rectification, a water storage dam is built on the river (stream) bed to intercept the river (brook) water (surface water) during the rainy season, and To prevent the flooding of rivers during rainstorms in the rainy season, the slope of the river (brook) bed should be measured before the dam is built. The slope of the dam should be determined according to the slope and the difference between each dam and the dam should be investigated. As a decision to determine the depth of the riverbed to remove sand and gravel, it can achieve the goal of water storage and flood control, and at the same time solve the problem of sand and gravel supply.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤與一般攔沙壩不同，一般攔沙壩是將河(溪)的水完全攔截，造成下游河(溪)床乾涸，暴雨時溪水滿溢，完全無部份雨水被截留之自動調節效果，暴雨所增加之水量滿溢後必然會全數往下游傾洩，沒有緩衝之作用，以致造成災害，破壞生態，沖毀堤防或橋梁。 The water storage dam of the water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention is different from the general sand dam. Generally, the sand dam is completely intercepted by the river (brook), causing the downstream river (brook) bed to dry up, and the river is full during heavy rain. Overflow, there is no automatic adjustment effect of some rainwater being intercepted. After the overflow of the rainwater, the amount of water will overflow into the downstream, and there will be no buffering effect, resulting in disasters, destruction of ecology, and erosion of dikes or bridges.
本發明之蓄水壩堤，是在河(溪)床上築起蓄水壩堤截流河(溪)水，當上游下雨時河水暴漲，直衝下游，因蓄水壩堤的設計是中間低，再以階梯式或斜坡式往堤岸邊逐漸增高，這樣就可依水量大小，隨滿溢高低自動調整溢流量，當暴雨時大量的水要傾洩進入下游時，因蓄水壩堤中間低，再逐漸以階梯式或斜坡式往堤岸邊增高的設計，使水會被部分截流，該蓄水壩堤是以滿溢原理設計，初期的溢流水量小，不會造成災害，但對下游民眾，有警示效果，當水越大時，蓄水量越多，滿溢水量也會越多，自動調整蓄水量與溢水量的均衡，使大量驟增之水量不致在瞬間往下游傾洩，以致造成災害，在大陸地區因流域過長，常有洪峰出現，若有本發明之分段節流自動調整之蓄水壩堤設置，洪峰就會降低峰頭高度，甚至不會出 現。蓄水壩堤的設計是中間低，再逐漸以階梯式或斜坡式往岸邊增高，因此中間沖刷力道大，堤岸邊之沖刷力度就非常小，堤岸當然就不會被沖刷而崩塌。 The water storage dam of the present invention is to build a water storage dam on the river (stream) bed to intercept the river (brook) water. When the upstream rains, the river water rises and goes straight downstream, because the design of the water storage dam is low in the middle. Then, stepwise or sloping to the side of the bank gradually increases, so that the overflow can be automatically adjusted according to the amount of water, with the overflow of high and low, when a large amount of water is dumped into the downstream during heavy rain, the middle of the storage dam is low. Then, gradually increase the design of the bank by the stepped or slope type, so that the water will be partially intercepted. The water storage dam is designed with overflow principle. The initial overflow water is small and will not cause disaster, but downstream. The public has a warning effect. When the water is larger, the more water storage, the more the overflow will be, and the balance between the water storage and the overflow will be automatically adjusted, so that a large amount of sudden increase will not be dumped in the air. As a result of the disaster, in the mainland, because the watershed is too long, there are often flood peaks. If there is a water storage dam that is automatically adjusted by the segmental throttling of the present invention, the flood peak will lower the peak height, or even the peak. Now. The design of the impounding dam is low in the middle, and then gradually increases to the shore by step or slope. Therefore, the middle scouring force is large, and the scouring force of the embankment is very small, and the embankment will of course not be washed away and collapse.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤，是在溪流整治中自動調節水流量與蓄水量所建造的蓄水壩堤，為維持生態平衡，讓水中生物得以洄游到上游原棲地，可以在蓄水壩堤下方留一水中生物之迴游孔，與下游之河水相通。若蓄水壩堤不高，該生物之迴游孔尚可發揮作用，若蓄水壩堤使上下游水位落差過大，生物回游孔之水壓過大，水流過急，水中生物便無法逆流游往上游，蓄水壩堤便成為魚類生態破壞之殺手；魚類無法洄游到上游原棲地產卵，破壞原有生態平衡，就失去留設生物回游孔之意義，正確的蓄水壩堤應利用設計之技巧，用蓄水壩堤之結構技術建造水梯，讓水中生物得以逆流游往水壩上方，該技術就是以多層高低不同的蓄水壩堤，以階梯式間隔排列蓄水而構建成水梯，水梯是以緩降落差使生物回游孔之水流成平緩之水平流動，讓魚類或其他水中生物得以輕易由生物回游孔逆游穿越蓄水壩堤。蓄水壩堤之落差與層數，則以蓄水壩堤之落差高度決定，落差大時，層數就多，落差小時，層數就少，這樣才不至於使生物回游孔之水流流動之流速與壓力過大，導致水中生物逆水上游發生困難，因而喪失該生物回游孔設置之目的。在蓄水壩堤上生物回游孔之設置，上一層蓄水壩堤的生物回游孔一定要低於次一層蓄水壩堤之最低溢流口，沒有最低溢流口時(如攔沙壩之類)，就是其最低溢流高度；從上游數起，第一個蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔一定要大於第二個蓄水壩堤的 生物回游孔，如果水源充足，其水量大於第一個蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔之洩水量時，必然產生溢流現象；該溢流現象產生，就如同第一個蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔大於第二個蓄水壩堤的生物回游孔，有相同之效果，此時第一個蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔就不一定要大於第二個蓄水壩堤的生物回游孔，但在第二個蓄水壩堤的生物回游孔以下不論有多少個蓄水壩堤的生物回游孔，只要不大於第二個蓄水壩堤的生物回游孔就可以，但每一層蓄水壩堤的生物回游孔之開口都必須低於次一層較低的蓄水壩堤之最低溢流口或最低溢流高度。最後一層蓄水壩堤的生物回游孔，是與下游連通的生物回游孔，一定要設置在下游水平面下，方便水中生物能輕易由生物回游孔逐層通過蓄水壩堤，以爬樓梯方式通過蓄水壩堤，逆游到上游之原棲地。 The water storage dam of the water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention is a water storage dam constructed by automatically adjusting the water flow and the water storage amount in the stream rectification, so as to maintain the ecological balance and allow the aquatic organisms to migrate to the upstream In the habitat, a return hole for aquatic organisms can be left under the water storage dam, which is connected to the downstream river water. If the water storage dam is not high, the bio-return hole can still play a role. If the water storage dam makes the water level difference between the upstream and downstream waters too large, the water pressure of the biological return hole is too large, the water flow is too fast, and the aquatic organism cannot travel backwards. Upstream, the water storage dam has become the killer of fish ecological destruction; fish can not swim to the upstream original habitat eggs, destroy the original ecological balance, lose the meaning of retaining biological return holes, the correct storage dam should be used The design technique is to construct a water ladder with the structural technology of the water storage dam, so that the aquatic organisms can swim upstream to the dam. The technology is to store the water in a stepped interval with different levels of water storage dams. The ladder and the water ladder are used to make the water flowing from the biological return hole flow into a gentle horizontal flow, so that the fish or other aquatic organisms can easily travel through the biological recovery hole through the storage dam. The difference between the dam and the number of layers of the dam is determined by the height of the dam. When the difference is large, the number of layers is large, and the number of layers is small, and the number of layers is small, so that the flow of the biological return hole is not caused. The flow rate and pressure are too large, which causes difficulty in the upstream of the biological reverse water, thus losing the purpose of setting the biological return hole. In the setting of the biological return hole on the storage dam, the biological return hole of the upper storage dam is lower than the lowest overflow of the secondary dam, and there is no minimum overflow (such as sand blocking) The dam is the lowest overflow height; from the upstream, the biological sluice hole of the first dam is necessarily larger than the second dam. The biological return hole, if the water source is sufficient, and the water volume is greater than the water discharge amount of the biological return hole of the first water storage dam, the overflow phenomenon is inevitably generated; the overflow phenomenon is generated, just like the first water storage dam The biological return hole is larger than the biological return hole of the second water storage dam, and has the same effect. At this time, the biological return hole of the first water storage dam is not necessarily larger than the second water storage dam. The biological return hole, but no matter how many reservoirs of the reservoir dam are below the biological sluice hole of the second dam, as long as it is not larger than the biological sluice of the second dam Yes, but the opening of the biological return hole of each layer of the storage dam must be lower than the lowest overflow or minimum overflow of the lower storage dam. The biological return hole of the last layer of the storage dam is a biological return hole that communicates with the downstream. It must be placed under the downstream water level, so that the aquatic organism can easily pass through the storage dam by the biological return hole to climb. The stair way passes through the water storage dam and travels back to the original habitat.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤，可以讓水中生物能以爬樓梯方式游到上游原棲地之原因是以壩堤結構技術讓水能產生梯子效果，蓄水壩堤之第一層蓄水壩堤(一般攔沙壩、水壩)上的生物回游孔比第二層蓄水壩堤上之生物回游孔大，且第一層蓄水壩堤的生物回游孔應開在第二層蓄水壩堤上的最低溢流口高度或最低溢流高度以下，流過第一層蓄水壩堤的水無法全部由第二層蓄水壩堤上的生物回游孔流入第二層與第三層蓄水壩堤間的蓄水空間，無法流入第二層與第三層蓄水壩堤間的蓄水空間的水就會留在第一層與第二層之蓄水壩堤間的蓄水空間並往上漲，漲到第二層蓄水壩堤的溢流口或最低溢流高度，就會溢出流入第二層與第三層蓄水壩堤間的蓄水空間。第二層蓄水壩堤上之生物回游孔應開在第三層蓄水壩堤的最低溢流口或最低溢流高度以下，第三層蓄水壩堤上的生物 回游孔因不比第二層蓄水壩堤上的生物回游孔大，因此由第二層蓄水壩堤上的溢流口或最低溢流高度流入的水，及第二層蓄水壩堤上的生物回游孔流入的水，無法完全流入下游。無法流入下游的水，就會累積在第二層與第三層蓄水壩堤間的蓄水空間往上漲，漲到第三層蓄水壩堤最低溢流口或最低溢流高度流入下游。第三層蓄水壩堤上的生物回游孔應開在下游的水平面下，以此類推，不論蓄水壩替之落差有多高，有多少層，均可讓水中生物像人爬樓梯一樣，一個階梯游過一個階梯輕易且順利游回上游原棲地，如果水源的水量大於通過生物回游孔的水量，足以溢流時，則所有蓄水壩堤上的生物回游孔，就不必有大小之分別。再深論此蓄水壩堤的功能，不限於本發明之蓄水壩堤，一般攔沙壩或其他類型之蓄水壩，只要有此高低排列如階梯之蓄水壩堤結構技術，便可讓水中生物游回上游。例如以蓄水壩有三層來說明，水中生物可由下游穿過第三層蓄水壩堤上的生物回游孔進入第二層與第三層蓄水壩堤間的蓄水空間，然後浮上來，再由第二層蓄水壩堤上的生物回游孔穿過進入第一層與第二層蓄水壩堤間的蓄水空間，再浮上來，由第一層蓄水壩堤上的生物回游孔穿過第一層蓄水壩堤進入上游，如此，蓄水壩就不會影響到生物之生態。 The water storage dam of the water ecological system rectification structure of the invention can allow the aquatic organisms to swim to the upstream original habitat by climbing stairs. The reason is that the dam structure technology allows the water to generate a ladder effect, and the water storage dam The biological return hole on the first layer of the storage dam (general sand dam, dam) is larger than the biological return hole on the second layer of the dam, and the biological resuscitation of the first layer of the dam is The hole shall be opened below the minimum overflow height or the minimum overflow height on the second layer of the storage dam, and the water flowing through the first layer of the storage dam may not be completely returned by the organism on the second layer of the dam. The swimming hole flows into the water storage space between the second and third storage dams, and the water that cannot flow into the water storage space between the second and third storage dams remains in the first and second layers. The water storage space between the water storage dams of the layer rises upwards, and rises to the overflow or minimum overflow height of the second-level water storage dam, which will overflow into the second and third storage dams. Water storage space. The biological return hole on the second-level water storage dam should be opened below the lowest overflow or the lowest overflow height of the third-layer water storage dam, and the organism on the third-layer water storage dam The return hole is not larger than the biological return hole on the second-layer water storage dam, so the water flowing in from the overflow port or the minimum overflow height on the second-layer water storage dam and the second-layer water storage dam The water flowing in the bioreturn hole on the embankment cannot flow completely downstream. If the water cannot flow into the downstream, the water storage space accumulated between the second and third storage dams will rise, and will rise to the lower of the third or third minimum storage dam or the lowest overflow. The biological return hole on the third-level water storage dam should be opened below the downstream water level, and so on. No matter how high the dam is, the number of layers can make the aquatic creatures climb like stairs. A step swims over a ladder to easily and smoothly swim back to the original habitat. If the water source is larger than the amount of water passing through the biological return hole and is sufficient to overflow, then the biological return holes on all the storage dams are not necessary. There are differences in size. Further discussion on the function of the water storage dam is not limited to the water storage dam of the present invention, and generally a sand dam or other type of water storage dam, as long as there is such a structure of high and low water storage dam structure Let the aquatic creatures swim back upstream. For example, the reservoir has three layers to indicate that the aquatic organism can pass through the biological return hole on the third layer of the storage dam to enter the water storage space between the second and third storage dams, and then float up. Then, the biological return hole on the second-level water storage dam passes through the water storage space between the first layer and the second layer of the water storage dam, and then floats up, on the first layer of the water storage dam The biological return hole passes through the first layer of the storage dam and enters the upstream, so that the storage dam will not affect the ecology of the creature.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤，為維持乾季時之正常水流，應調查乾季時水源地之水流流量，作為生物回游孔設計流量之依據，水流量很大時，也可以設置複數個生物回游孔，原則上生物回游孔設計流量應小於乾季時水源地之水流流量，這樣才能維持乾季時水流之生生不息。當水源地之水流流量不足，或被使用消耗時，就會消耗蓄水壩 堤內蓄存的水，為維持水流之生生不息，可調節生物回游孔之孔數，若僅是單一生物回游孔時可調低孔之高度，同時可調降生物回由孔大小，以降低水的流量，用以調節乾季時有充足之水源，使溪(河)床不致乾涸。 In order to maintain the normal water flow during the dry season, the water storage dam of the water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention should investigate the water flow flow of the water source during the dry season, and serve as the basis for designing the flow rate of the biological return hole. When the water flow rate is large, It is also possible to set a plurality of biological return holes. In principle, the design flow rate of the biological return holes should be smaller than the flow rate of the water source in the dry season, so as to maintain the flow of water during the dry season. When the water flow in the water source is insufficient or consumed, the water storage dam is consumed. The water stored in the embankment can maintain the flow of water, and can adjust the number of holes in the biological return hole. If only a single biological return hole is used, the height of the low hole can be adjusted, and the size of the biological return can be adjusted. In order to reduce the flow of water, to adjust the water supply in the dry season, so that the stream (river) bed will not dry up.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤，是在河(溪)床上築起蓄水壩堤，以截留雨季時之河(溪)水，平時河(溪)水由生物回游孔流入下游，當水量多時，則自然填滿乾季超用之水量，填滿後就自動滿溢由最低之溢流口流入下游，當上游下雨時河水暴漲，水位增高，則部分按溢流口高度依序流入下游，部分被蓄水壩堤截留於蓄水壩內，就不致因暴雨而暴增的雨水使河水暴漲直沖下游而造成災害，若能就整條溪(河)流分段整治，就沒有缺水之危機，及河水暴漲潰堤的危險，對生態也可得到相當程度之保護，又有防洪效果，並增加多項資源收益。 The water storage dam of the water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention is to build a water storage dam on the river (stream) bed to intercept the river (brook) water during the rainy season, and the river (brook) water is normally returned by the organism. The swimming hole flows into the downstream. When the amount of water is large, it is naturally filled with the amount of water used in the dry season. When it is filled, it will automatically overflow from the lowest overflow to the downstream. When the upstream rains, the river will skyrocket and the water level will increase. The height of the overflow port flows into the downstream in sequence, and some of the water storage dam is intercepted in the water storage dam. The rainwater that does not rise due to heavy rain causes the river water to rise directly to the downstream and cause disaster. If it is possible, the whole stream (river) If the flow is segmented and rectified, there will be no crisis of water shortage, and the danger of river flooding and levee breaks. The ecology can also be protected to a considerable extent, and it has the effect of flood control, and increases the resource benefits.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤，是在河(溪)床上築起蓄水壩堤，以截留河(溪)水，當上游下雨時河水暴漲，因蓄水之壩堤有多層蓄水壩堤緩和水的流速，並有多層蓄水壩堤阻擋保護水中生物，不致被急流沖走，維護正常生態。 The water storage dam of the water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention is to build a water storage dam on the river (stream) bed to intercept the river (stream) water, and when the upstream rains, the river water rises due to water storage. The dam has multiple layers of water storage dams to slow the flow of water, and there are multi-layer dams to block the protection of aquatic organisms, so as not to be washed away by the rapids to maintain normal ecology.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構是在河(溪)床上築起蓄水壩堤，以截留河(溪)水，使河床不致於乾季時乾涸而危害水中生物之繁殖與生存。 Water ecological system remediation structure of the invention It is to build a water storage dam on the river (brook) bed to intercept the river (brook) water, so that the river bed will not dry up during the dry season and endanger the reproduction and survival of aquatic organisms.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤，是在河(溪)床上築起蓄水壩堤，以截留河(溪)水，也可適度作為養殖、垂釣、休憩等用途，同時美化環境。 The water storage dam of the water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention is to build a water storage dam on the river (stream) bed to intercept the river (brook) water, and can also be used for breeding, fishing, rest, etc. At the same time beautify the environment.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤，是在河(溪)床上築起蓄水壩堤，以截留河(溪)水，該工程如果施工於橋樑之橋墩上下游，蓄水壩有保護橋墩不被河水沖刷而裸露下陷，橋墩深植岩層，又有強化蓄水壩堤之作用，相輔相成，橋梁安全得以維護，又可依設計之河床深度取得砂石而不致危及橋墩。 The water storage dam of the water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention is to build a water storage dam on the river (stream) bed to intercept the river (brook) water, and if the project is constructed on the upstream and downstream of the bridge pier, The dam has protected piers that are not washed by river water and are exposed to sinking. The piers are deeply planted in rock formations and have the function of strengthening the storage dams. They complement each other, the bridges can be safely maintained, and the sandstone can be obtained according to the designed riverbed depth without endangering the piers.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之溪流(河道)整治，唯一方法就是將雨季過剩之水資源保留，不讓其快速奔入大海，不泛濫成災，好讓人類利用與生態發展，並防阻地層下陷。所以本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構在河(溪)床上築起蓄水壩堤，以截留河(溪)水，貯存雨水，供乾旱時使用，利用伏流層之砂石作為過濾材料，使雨季乾淨的溪(河)水能大量回歸滲入地下水層，當缺水時又可適度抽取使用，就不怕過量抽取而造成，地層下陷，這樣就可補充乾旱時之供水，解決水源不足的問題。本發明實施方式以下列實施例說明。 The only way to renovate the stream (river) of the water ecosystem remediation structure of the present invention is to retain the excess water resources in the rainy season, so as not to let it quickly enter the sea, and not to flood into disasters, so as to enable human utilization and ecological development, and The anti-resistance formation subsides. Therefore, a water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention builds a water storage dam on a river (stream) bed to intercept river (brook) water, store rain water for use in drought, and use the gravel sand as a filter material. The stream (river) that cleans the rainy season can be returned to the groundwater layer in large quantities. When it is short of water, it can be appropriately extracted and used. It is not afraid of excessive extraction and the formation subsides. This can supplement the water supply during drought and solve the problem of insufficient water source. . Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by the following examples.
8‧‧‧蓄水壩堤 8‧‧‧Water storage dam
8-1‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第一層蓄水壩堤 8-1‧‧‧The first layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-1-1‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第一層蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔 8-1-1‧‧‧ Biological return hole of the first layer of water storage dam in the water storage dam
8-1-2‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第一層蓄水壩堤之最低溢流口 8-1-2‧‧‧The lowest overflow of the first layer of water storage dam in the water storage dam
8-2‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第二層蓄水壩堤 8-2‧‧‧The second layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-2-1‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第二層蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔 8-2-1‧‧‧Biological retreat of the second layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-2-2‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第二層蓄水壩堤之最低溢流口 8-2-2‧‧‧The lowest overflow of the second layer of water storage dam in the water storage dam
8-3‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第三層蓄水壩堤 8-3‧‧‧The third layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-3-1‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第三層蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔 8-3-1‧‧‧Biological retreat of the third layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-3-2‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第三層蓄水壩堤之最低溢流口 8-3-2‧‧‧The lowest overflow of the third-layer water storage dam in the water storage dam
9‧‧‧蓄水壩堤下游之水平面 9‧‧‧Water level downstream of the dam
11‧‧‧橋墩之俯視位置 11‧‧‧Down position of the pier
圖1為蓄水壩堤之俯視圖。 Figure 1 is a top view of a water storage dam.
圖2為蓄水壩堤與橋墩之設置位置示意圖。 Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the position of the water storage dam and the pier.
圖3為蓄水壩堤與橋墩之設置位置示意圖。 Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the position of the water storage dam and the pier.
本發明之一種水之生態系統整治結構之蓄水壩堤之實施方式中於溪(河)床上構築蓄水壩堤，如圖1所示為三層重疊式蓄水壩堤8，蓄水壩堤8則以蓄水壩堤8-1、蓄水壩堤8-2、蓄水壩堤8-3以高低如梯形間隔排列建構而成，用以儲存地面水，並使水形成狀如梯形，讓水中生物能逆流游過蓄 水壩堤進入上游，以維持生態；由上游算起蓄水壩堤8之第一層稱為蓄水壩堤8-1，第二層稱為蓄水壩堤8-2，第三層稱為蓄水壩堤8-3。蓄水壩堤8-1有一生物回游孔8-1-1，蓄水壩堤8-2有一生物回游孔8-2-1，蓄水壩堤8-3有一生物回游孔8-3-1。生物回游孔8-1-1必須大於生物回游孔8-2-1，如果水源水流大於生物回游孔8-1-1之洩水量時，生物回游孔8-1-1就不一定要大於生物回游孔8-2-1。8-3-1不能大於生物回游孔8-2-1，無論在有多少生物回游孔，只要不大於第二層蓄水壩堤8-2之生物回游孔8-2-1就可以。當乾季時水源的水量大於通過生物回游孔8-1-1的水量，必然有水蓄積於蓄水壩堤8內使水位上漲。當蓄水壩堤8內的水位上漲超過第一層蓄水壩堤8-1之最低溢流口8-1-2時，就會自然溢流流入第一層蓄水壩堤8-1與第二層蓄水壩堤8-2間之蓄水空間，由生物回游孔8-1-1通過第一層蓄水壩堤8-1後的水，也是進入第一層蓄水壩堤8-1與第二層蓄水壩堤8-2間的蓄水空間，由於生物回游孔8-2-1比生物回游孔8-1-1為小，就無法完全把通過生物回游孔8-1-1的水全部由生物回游孔8-2-1洩掉，未被洩掉的水與由溢流口8-1-2溢流的水就會蓄積於第一層蓄水壩堤8-1與第二層蓄水壩堤8-2間的蓄水空間，使水位逐漸上漲。當水位漲到高於蓄水壩堤8-2之最低溢流口8-2-2時，水就會自然溢流進入第二層蓄水壩堤8-2與第三層蓄水壩堤8-3間的蓄水空間，由於生物回游孔8-3-1又不大於生物回游孔8-2-1，生物回游孔8-3-1就無法把通過生物回游孔8-2-1及自溢流口8-2-2流入的水全部洩掉，就會蓄積於蓄水壩堤8-2與蓄水壩堤8-3間的蓄水空間，未被洩掉的水同樣會使蓄水壩堤8-2與蓄水壩堤8-3間的蓄水空間的水位逐漸上漲，當漲到高於蓄水壩堤8-3之最 低溢流口8-3-2時，水就會自溢流口8-3-2溢流進入下游之河床上。當然在自上游算起的第一個生物回游孔8-1-1比第二個生物回游孔8-2-1大，下一個生物回游孔8-3-1(不論幾個)只要不比前一生物回游孔8-2-1大，就同樣會發生此效果。生物回游孔8-1-1之高度必須低於蓄水壩堤8-2之最低溢流口8-2-2，生物回游孔8-2-1之高度必須低於蓄水壩堤8-3之最低溢流口8-3-2，生物回游孔8-3-1之高度必須低於蓄水壩堤下游之水平面9。這樣，水中生物就可輕易由生物回游孔8-3-1穿過蓄水壩堤8-3，進入蓄水壩堤8-2與蓄水壩堤8-3間的蓄水空間，然後往上浮起，再由生物回游孔8-2-1穿過蓄水壩堤8-2，進入蓄水壩堤8-2與蓄水壩堤8-1間的蓄水空間，然後又往上浮起，再由生物回游孔8-1-1穿過蓄水壩堤8-1，進入上游，不論蓄水壩堤有多少層，水中生物都可依此方式自下游逆流游回上游。 In the implementation method of the water storage dam of the water ecological system remediation structure of the present invention, a water storage dam is constructed on a river (river) bed, as shown in Fig. 1 is a three-layer overlapping water storage dam 8 and a water storage dam The embankment 8 is constructed by arranging the water storage dam 8-1, the water storage dam 8-2, and the water storage dam 8-3 at a height such as a trapezoidal interval to store surface water and form water like a trapezoid. Let the aquatic creatures swim back and forth The dam is moved upstream to maintain ecology; the first layer of the storage dam 8 is called the storage dam 8-1, and the second layer is called the storage dam 8-2. The third layer is called Water storage dam 8-3. The storage dam 8-1 has a biological return hole 8-1-1, the storage dam 8-2 has a biological return hole 8-2-1, and the storage dam 8-3 has a biological return hole 8- 3-1. The biological return hole 8-1-1 must be larger than the biological return hole 8-2-1. If the water source flow is larger than the discharge amount of the biological return hole 8-1-1, the biological return hole 8-1-1 does not. Must be larger than the biological return hole 8-2-1. 8-3-1 can not be larger than the biological return hole 8-2-1, no matter how many biological return holes, as long as it is not larger than the second layer storage dam 8 -2 creatures return hole 8-2-1. When the amount of water in the dry season is greater than the amount of water passing through the bioreturn hole 8-1-1, water must accumulate in the impound dam 8 to raise the water level. When the water level in the water storage dam 8 rises above the minimum overflow 8-1-1 of the first storage dam 8, the natural overflow flows into the first storage dam 8-1 and The water storage space between the 8-2 of the second-level water storage dam is passed through the water from the biological return hole 8-1-1 through the first layer of the water storage dam 8-1, and also enters the first layer of the water storage dam. The water storage space between 8-1 and the second-level water storage dam 8-2, because the biological return hole 8-2-1 is smaller than the biological return hole 8-1-1, it is impossible to completely pass the biological return. The water of the swimming hole 8-1-1 is completely discharged from the biological return hole 8-2-1, and the water that has not been discharged and the water overflowed by the overflow port 8-1-2 are accumulated in the first layer. The water storage space between the storage dam 8-1 and the second storage dam 8-2 gradually increases the water level. When the water level rises above the minimum overflow 8-2-2 of the storage dam 8-2, the water will naturally overflow into the second storage dam 8-2 and the third storage dam. The water storage space of 8-3, because the biological return hole 8-3-1 is not larger than the biological return hole 8-2-1, the biological return hole 8-3-1 cannot pass the biological return hole 8 -2-1 and all the water flowing in from the overflow port 8-2-2 are discharged, and the water storage space between the water storage dam 8-2 and the water storage dam 8-3 is accumulated and is not discharged. The water will also gradually increase the water level of the storage space between the storage dam 8-2 and the storage dam 8-3, and rise to the highest level of the storage dam 8-3. When the low overflow port is 8-3-2, the water overflows from the overflow port 8-3-2 and enters the downstream river bed. Of course, the first biological return hole 8-1-1 from the upstream is larger than the second biological return hole 8-2-1, and the next biological return hole 8-3-1 (regardless of several) This effect also occurs as long as it is not larger than the previous biological return hole 8-2-1. The height of the biological return hole 8-1-1 must be lower than the lowest overflow port 8-2-2 of the water storage dam 8-2, and the height of the biological return hole 8-2-1 must be lower than the storage dam The minimum overflow 8-3-2 of 8-3, the height of the biological return hole 8-3-1 must be lower than the horizontal plane 9 downstream of the storage dam. In this way, the aquatic organism can easily pass through the biological return hole 8-3-1 through the water storage dam 8-3, and enter the water storage space between the water storage dam 8-2 and the water storage dam 8-3, and then Float up, and then the biological return hole 8-2-1 passes through the water storage dam 8-2, enters the water storage space between the water storage dam 8-2 and the water storage dam 8-1, and then goes to After floating up, the biological return hole 8-1-1 passes through the water storage dam 8-1 and enters the upstream. No matter how many layers of the water storage dam, the aquatic organisms can swim back upstream from the downstream in this way.
本發明之蓄水壩堤8-1有一生物回游孔8-1-1，該生物回游孔8-1-1開口大小之設計，必須所通過8-1-1開口之水量小於乾季時水源之水量，這樣才能使河(溪)床的水不致乾涸，若乾季時水源的水量過小或沒有，就必須使用蓄水壩堤內之儲水，此時8-1-1、8-2-1、8-3-1等之生物回游孔就要往下調整，並減少洩水量，以維持河(溪)床生態。 The water storage dam 8-1 of the present invention has a biological return hole 8-1-1, and the opening of the biological return hole 8-1-1 is designed to have a smaller amount of water passing through the 8-1-1 opening than in the dry season. The amount of water in the water source, so that the water in the river (brook) bed will not dry up. If the water volume of the water source is too small or not in a few seasons, the water in the water storage dam must be used. At this time, 8-1-1, 8-2 The biological return holes of -1, 8-3-1, etc. will be adjusted downwards and reduce the amount of water to maintain the river (stream) bed ecology.
上述發明之蓄水壩堤構造不僅適用於本發明之蓄水壩堤，其他任何式樣之蓄水壩堤，如攔沙壩、一般水壩等均可設置本發明之蓄水壩堤之結構方法，因式樣繁多，無法一一贅述，因此有與本發明之蓄水壩堤之結構方法結合者，均屬本發明之範圍。 The water storage dam structure of the above invention is not only applicable to the water storage dam of the present invention, but any other type of water storage dam, such as a sand dam, a general dam, etc., may be provided with the structural method of the water storage dam of the present invention. Because of the variety of styles, it is not possible to go into details. Therefore, it is within the scope of the present invention to combine with the structural method of the water storage dam of the present invention.
9‧‧‧蓄水壩堤下游之水平面 9‧‧‧Water level downstream of the dam
8‧‧‧蓄水壩堤 8‧‧‧Water storage dam
8-1‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第一層蓄水壩堤 8-1‧‧‧The first layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-1-1‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第一層蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔 8-1-1‧‧‧ Biological return hole of the first layer of water storage dam in the water storage dam
8-1-2‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第一層蓄水壩堤之最低溢流口 8-1-2‧‧‧The lowest overflow of the first layer of water storage dam in the water storage dam
8-2‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第二層蓄水壩堤 8-2‧‧‧The second layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-2-1‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第二層蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔 8-2-1‧‧‧Biological retreat of the second layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-2-2‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第二層蓄水壩堤之最低溢流口 8-2-2‧‧‧The lowest overflow of the second layer of water storage dam in the water storage dam
8-3‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第三層蓄水壩堤 8-3‧‧‧The third layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-3-1‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第三層蓄水壩堤之生物回游孔 8-3-1‧‧‧Biological retreat of the third layer of water storage dam in the dam
8-3-2‧‧‧蓄水壩堤中之第三層蓄水壩堤之最低溢流口 8-3-2‧‧‧The lowest overflow of the third-layer water storage dam in the water storage dam
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