TWI699076B - Directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, which at least includes: a rotating shaft; a stator element, including two bases and a plurality of electromagnetic elements, the plurality of electromagnetic elements are arranged inside the two bases, and the electromagnetic elements are made of iron The core and the winding group are composed; and two rotor elements are arranged outside the stator element base. Each rotor element is composed of a guide disk and a plurality of permanent magnets embedded in the guide disk at intervals. Each permanent magnet is in the shape of a sector. One side is N pole, the other side is S pole, and every two permanent magnets adjacent to each other are set with the same polarity of N, N or S, S, and the permanent magnets on the conductive disk in the rotor element have different magnetic poles (one Sides N, S, and the other side S, N) are arranged in the circumferential direction so as to face each other; thereby, when the iron core winding group is energized, the iron core and its two ends are disc-shaped directional silicon steel sheet yoke base And the permanent magnets on both sides can form a complete magnetic circuit, reduce the magnetic resistance of the circuit, and achieve the effect of reducing the eddy current, while reducing the volume of the iron core and reducing the overall weight.

Description

Directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor

The invention relates to the technical field of electromechanical transmission, in particular to a directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor.

The key to the motor technology used in electric vehicles and electric airplanes is high specific power and large output power. Existing traditional motors have low power density under high-power conditions due to structural limitations, and cannot meet the high power density requirements of electric vehicles and electric aircraft. Permanent magnet motors have the highest efficiency among all motors. This is because the excitation The magnet uses permanent magnets without power consumption; its magnetic flux density is high, and high torque is obtained, which can make the motor small in size and light in weight.

Permanent magnet motors can generally be axial or radial. The advantages of axial permanent magnet (AFPM) motors over traditional radial permanent magnet motors include: high torque-to-weight ratio, high efficiency, adjustable air gap, balanced rotor and stator attraction, and better heat removal rate. They can be simply and compactly mounted on the wheel and are ideal for wheel hubs and for direct drive applications.

The axial magnetic field motor is also called "disc motor", that is, the main magnetic field and the motor along the axis of rotation. Axial magnetic field motors are different from ordinary motors in that the direction of magnetic flux is axial, current-carrying conductors are placed radially, and the stator and rotor cores are of disc structure. Axial flux motors have a specific positioning of magnets, which are in a plane parallel to the coil.

The conventional axial permanent magnet motor can be single-sided or double-sided, with or without armature slots, with or without armature cores, with built-in or external permanent magnet rotors, surface mount or internal permanent Magnets, and single-stage or multi-stage.

The double-sided salient pole has an outer stator or outer rotor. The external stator means fewer permanent magnets, but the use of windings is poor, while the external rotor is considered to be particularly advantageous for the machine topology. The topology of a double-sided axial permanent magnet motor is one stator, two rotors (toroids) and two stators and one rotor, which is the Axial Flux Internal Rotor (AFIR).

Figures 7-a to 7-d show schematic diagrams of conventional axial magnetic flux paths and distributions. There are 4 types of double-sided topologies:

Figure 7-a, Axial Flux Internal Rotor (AFIR).

Figure 7-b, Toroid Ally Wound Internal Stator (TORUS).

Figure 7-c, Axial Flux Internal Stator (AFIS).

Figure 7-d, Yokeless And Segmented Armature (YASA). In Figures 7-a to 7-d, you can see the schematic diagrams of their respective magnetic flux paths and the distribution of their main parts. From Figure 7-a to Figure 7-d, it can be seen that the yoke of the permanent magnet of the rotor needs to have directionality, and the stator core needs to have directionality.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a stator element composed of a long iron core formed by a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and a disc-shaped base formed by stacking directional silicon steel sheets at both ends, and a permanent magnet embedded in the guide The directional silicon steel sheet of the magnetic disk is used as the design structure of the rotor element, thereby reducing the reluctance of the magnetic circuit, achieving the effect of reducing the eddy current, and reducing the volume of the iron core and reducing the overall weight.

In order to achieve the above objective, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, which includes a rotating shaft; the stator element is assembled on the rotating shaft The upper part includes two bases and a plurality of electromagnetic elements. Each base is composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets stacked to form a disc shape. A plurality of through holes are provided on the base at an annular interval. The element is composed of a long strip iron core composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and a winding group wound on the outer circumference of the iron core. The two ends of each iron core are provided with fixing parts corresponding to the size of the base through hole, which can be sleeved In the through hole of the base; and two rotor elements are installed on both sides of the base of the stator element after passing through the rotating shaft. Each rotor element is composed of two guide disks and a plurality of permanent magnets. There are many through holes in the same compartment, and the permanent magnets are embedded in the through holes. Each permanent magnet is in the shape of a sector. One side of the sector is N pole and the other side is S pole, and every two permanent magnets are adjacent to each other. N, N or S, S are arranged in the circumferential direction with the same polarity, and the permanent magnets on the stator element on the two sides of the stator element have different magnetic poles (N, S on one side and S, N on the other side) facing each other. Setting; In this way, when the iron core winding group is energized, the iron core, the disc-shaped directional silicon steel sheet base at both ends and the permanent magnets on both sides form a complete magnetic circuit, reducing the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit and reducing the effect of eddy current , At the same time, it can reduce the volume of the iron core and reduce the overall weight.

In the above-mentioned directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, the permanent magnet width L, the width (gap) of two adjacent permanent magnets △L , and the iron core width L ₁ is equal to half the permanent magnet width (L/2) + two phases The width (gap) of adjacent permanent magnet is △L , L ₁ =(L/2)+ △L .

In the above-mentioned directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, the iron core in the stator element, the two disk-shaped bases, and the two disk-shaped guide disks in the rotor element are oriented along the rolling direction. It is made of directional silicon steel sheet with crystal texture (also known as single-oriented silicon steel sheet or directional silicon steel sheet), directional iron powder or directional magnetic permeability.

In the above-mentioned directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, each iron core in the stator element is parallel to the center of the rotating shaft and is evenly spaced along the axis of the rotating shaft in two directional silicon On the inner circumference of a disc-shaped base formed by stacking steel sheets.

In the above-mentioned directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, the elongated iron core can be one of square, rectangular or round.

Advantages of the invention:

(1) The present invention uses an iron core composed of multiple directional silicon steel sheets. When the iron core winding group is energized, the iron core, the disc-shaped directional silicon steel sheet base at both ends and the permanent magnets on both sides can form a complete magnetic field. The circuit reduces the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit to reduce the effect of eddy current, while reducing the volume of the iron core and reducing the overall weight.

(2) The present invention uses a disc-shaped base formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets at both ends of the iron core as a yoke base, which has the effect of reducing magnetic circuit loss.

(3) The rotor element of the present invention is two oppositely arranged circular magnetic conductive disks. The conductive disks are formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets as permanent magnets, and most of the permanent magnets are embedded in the conductive disk. Each permanent magnet is in the shape of a sector. One side of the sector is N pole and the other side is S pole. The neighboring permanent magnets are N, N or S, and the same polarity is arranged in the circumferential direction. The permanent magnets on the two sides of the guide disk are arranged with different magnetic poles (N and S on one side, S and N on the other side); therefore, no matter where the permanent magnet rotates to any position, it can exactly correspond to the iron core, and The iron core is close to its N pole and S pole respectively, so that the permanent magnets of the two oppositely arranged magnetic guide rotor elements are mutually exclusive, so that the magnetic flux passing through the iron core forms a complete magnetic circuit through its internal base. That is, the N pole and S pole of the magnetic pole can form a complete magnetic circuit through the base in the rotor element.

1: stator element

11a: Pedestal

11b: Pedestal

12: Electromagnetic components

121: iron core

122: Winding group

12a: Fixed part

12b: Fixed part

13a: Through hole

13b: Through hole

2a: Rotor element

21a: Guide disk

22a: permanent magnet

23a: Through hole

2b: Rotor element

21b: Guide disk

22b: Permanent magnet

23b: Through hole

3: shaft

Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of the directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a partial three-dimensional exploded schematic view of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the combination of the stator element and the rotor element of the present invention.

Figure 4 is an exploded schematic view of Figure 3.

Figures 5-a and 5-b are schematic diagrams of the permanent magnet pole arrangement in the rotor element of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the direction of magnetic flux generated by the winding assembly of the present invention.

Figures 7-a to 7-d are schematic diagrams of various conventional axial magnetic flux paths and distributions.

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

The soft magnetic materials commonly used in industry are mainly electromagnetic steel sheets, which are generally called silicon steel sheets. Silicon steel is divided into grain-oriented and grain non-oriented according to the crystal grain direction. Directional silicon steel is abbreviated as (CRGO, cold rolled grain-oriented steel), and its silicon content is about 3.2%. The special rolling method is used to control the arrangement direction of the crystals to obtain the best soft magnetic properties along the rolling direction. Its magnetic flux density can be increased by 30% in the rolling direction, and it is mainly used in products such as high-efficiency transformers and electric motors. Non-directional silicon steel is generally abbreviated as (CRNGO, cold rolled non-grain-oriented steel). It contains 2 to 3.5% silicon. Its magnetic properties in all directions are similar (isotropic). The material is cheaper than directional silicon steel. It is used in the direction of magnetic flux. Changed motors and generators, etc., and the efficiency is less important and other products.

First, it is stated that the directional silicon steel sheet described in the following specification of the present invention refers to a silicon steel sheet with "crystalline texture with grain orientation along the rolling direction", also known as single-oriented silicon steel sheet, orientated silicon steel sheet. Orientated silicon steel sheet or oriented silicon steel sheet.

The term "directional silicon steel sheet" used in this specification refers to a silicon steel sheet with "crystalline texture with grain orientation along the rolling direction".

Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2. A directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor of the present invention includes a stator element 1, two rotor elements 2a, 2b arranged outside the stator element 1, and one set in The rotating shaft 3 at the center of the two rotor elements 2a and 2b, a seat body 4 assembled on the outside of the stator element 1, and an upper cover 5 assembled on the opening of the seat body 4.

Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 4, the stator element 1 includes two disk-shaped bases 11a, 11b and a plurality of electromagnetic elements 12. The bases 11a, 11b are composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets stacked as a yoke, and the bases 11a, 11b are provided with a plurality of through holes 13a, 13b at an annular interval. The electromagnetic element 12 includes a long strip iron core 121 composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and a winding group 122 wound on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 121. The two ends of the iron core 121 are provided with through holes 13a, 11b corresponding to the bases 11a, The square fixing parts 12a, 12b with the size of 13b can be sleeved in the through holes 13a, 13b of the two bases 11a, 11b. The iron core 121 shown in the figure in this embodiment is round. When implementing the present invention, the iron core can be square, rectangular, round or other shapes that can easily wind the coil, and is not limited to a round strip. shape.

Please refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 again, the two rotor elements 2a, 2b pass through the rotating shaft 3 and are arranged outside the bases 11a, 11b of the stator element 1. Each rotor element 2a, 2b includes conductive disks 21a, 21b and a plurality of permanent magnets 22a, 22b. The conductive disks 21a, 21b are formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets to form a circular shape. The circumferential surfaces of the conductive disks 21a, 21b are the same The compartment is provided with a plurality of through holes 23a, 23b, and the permanent magnet 22a is embedded in the through holes 23a, 23b of the guide disks 21a, 21b. Refer to Figures 5-a, 5-b, and 6, as shown in Figs. Where each permanent magnet 22a, 22b is Fan shape, one side of the fan shape is N pole and the other side is S pole. Every two permanent magnets are adjacent to each other with N, N or S, S and the same polarity is arranged in the circumferential direction, and the two rotor elements 2a, 2b are guided The permanent magnets on the magnetic disk are arranged with different magnetic poles (N, S on one side and S, N on the other side) facing each other.

As shown in Figures 3 and 6, the present invention adopts a directional silicon steel core 121 and its two ends disc-shaped directional silicon steel yoke bases 11a, 11b, and embedded permanent magnets 22a, The 22b magnetic directional silicon steel sheet magnetic conductive disk 21a, 21b structure design, when the iron core 121 winding group 122 is energized, every two iron cores 121 and both ends of the disc-shaped directional silicon steel sheet yoke base 11a, 11b and the permanent magnets 22a and 22b on both sides form a complete magnetic circuit, as shown in Figure 6, which can reduce the eddy current effect, reduce the volume of the iron core and reduce the overall weight.

The directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor of the present invention is produced by controlling the rolling direction and the direction of a Gaussian texture (that is, a structure with a [110] crystal plane and a [100] crystal orientation grain orientation) produced by using recrystallization technology Sexual silicon steel sheet. The directional silicon steel sheet is specially processed by the silicon steel sheet, which can make the magnetic field line pass along the rolling direction, with low magnetic resistance and good permeability. The use of directional silicon steel sheet for the iron core can reduce the volume of the iron core and thus reduce the weight.

As shown in Figure 6, for the present invention, the two magnetic poles N and S of each permanent magnet provided in the conductive disks 21a, 21b are both N and N poles close to each other or S and S poles in pairs. The permanent magnets of the two-sided rotor elements 2a, 2b are arranged close to each other, and the permanent magnets of the magnetic guides 21a, 21b are arranged so that the magnetic poles (N, S on one side and S, N on the other side) are opposed to each other.

In addition, the iron core 121 in the stator element 1 is composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets, which can reduce the effect of eddy current, and is jointly held by a disc-shaped yoke base 11a, 11b composed of one directional silicon steel sheet.

In the implementation of the present invention, the iron core 121 can be selected, such as a directional iron Powder die-casting or other conventional directional magnetic conductors as iron cores will not hinder the implementation of this case.

1.1)，如第6圖所示。 As shown in Figures 4 to 6, the plurality of iron cores 121 of the present invention are centered in parallel to the axis 3, and are uniformly spaced along the axis of the axis 3 to form a circle formed by stacking two directional silicon steel sheets. On the inner circumference of the disk-shaped bases 11a, 11b, the width of each permanent magnet in each of the conductive disks 21a, 21b is L, the width (gap) of two adjacent permanent magnets is △L , and the iron core width L ₁ is equal to half the width of the permanent magnet (L /2) plus the width (gap) of two adjacent permanent magnets △L , L ₁ =(L/2)+ △L , as shown in Figure 6. In this embodiment, the number of permanent magnets of the guide disks 21a, 21b is 6, the number of electromagnetic elements 12 is 9, and the number (b) of the electromagnetic elements 12 is a number that can be divided by 3, and each of the guide disks 21a, 21b The number of permanent magnets (a) divided by the number of electromagnetic elements 12 (b) is less than or equal to 1.1 (a/b)

1.1), as shown in Figure 6.

Accordingly, since the iron cores 121 are evenly arranged, no matter where the permanent magnets 22a and 22b rotate to any position, they can correspond exactly to the iron core 121, and the iron core 121 is close to its N pole and S pole, respectively, so that the two-side guide disk The permanent magnets 21a and 21b corresponding to each other are mutually exclusive, and the magnetic flux passing through the iron core 121 can pass through the disc-shaped bases 11a and 11b at both ends of the inner iron core 121 to form a complete magnetic circuit. That is, the N pole and S pole of the magnetic pole can form a complete magnetic circuit through the disk-shaped bases 11a, 11b at both ends of the iron core 121.

The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. , Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

1‧‧‧Stator element

11a‧‧‧Base

11b‧‧‧Base

12‧‧‧Electromagnetic components

12a‧‧‧Fixed part

12b‧‧‧Fixed part

13a‧‧‧through hole

13b‧‧‧through hole

2a‧‧‧Rotor element

21a‧‧‧Guide Disk

22a‧‧‧Permanent magnet

23a‧‧‧through hole

2b‧‧‧Rotor element

21b‧‧‧Guide Disk

22b‧‧‧Permanent magnet

23b‧‧‧through hole

3‧‧‧Shaft

Claims (7)

A directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, at least comprising: a rotating shaft; a stator element assembled on the rotating shaft, including two bases and a plurality of electromagnetic elements, wherein each base is composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets stacked Disk shape, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the base at an annular interval, and the plurality of electromagnetic elements are long strip iron cores composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and windings wound on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core The two ends of the iron core are provided with fixing parts corresponding to the size of the through hole of the base, which can be sleeved in the through hole of the base; and two rotor elements, which are arranged outside the base of the stator element after passing through the shaft , Each rotor element is composed of two guide disks and a plurality of permanent magnets. The annular circumference of each guide disk is provided with a plurality of through holes in the same space. The permanent magnets are embedded in the through holes, and each permanent magnet is in the shape of a fan. One side of the sector is N pole, the other side is S pole, and every two permanent magnets are adjacent to each other are N, N or S, S and the same polarity is arranged in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnets on the guide disk in the two-side rotor element Different magnetic poles (N and S on one side and S and N on the other side) are arranged so that they face each other. The directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor according to item 1 of the scope of patent application is characterized in that the width of the permanent magnet is L, the width (gap) of two adjacent permanent magnets is ΔL , and the iron core width L ₁ is equal to the permanent magnet Half the width (L/2) + the width (gap) of two adjacent permanent magnets △L , L ₁ =(L/2)+ △L . The directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor according to item 1 of the scope of patent application is characterized in that the iron core in the stator element is a directional silicon steel sheet with crystal grain orientation along the rolling direction and crystal texture. It is made of iron powder or directional magnetism. The directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor according to item 1 of the scope of patent application is characterized in that each iron core in the stator element is parallel to the center of the rotating shaft, and is evenly spaced along the axis of the rotating shaft. Directional silicon steel sheets are stacked on the inner circumference of a disc-shaped base. The directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor according to the first item of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the two disc-shaped bases in the stator element are oriented along the rolling direction of the crystal texture. Made of silicon steel sheet, directional iron powder or directional magnetism. The directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor according to the first item of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the two disc-shaped guide discs in the rotor element can be the direction of the crystal grain orientation along the rolling direction and the crystal texture It is made of silicon steel sheet, directional iron powder or directional magnetic conductor. The directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor according to item 1 of the scope of patent application is characterized in that the elongated iron core can be one of square, rectangular or round.

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