TWI677220B - Method and blocklattice system with sharding mechanism for generating block in blocklattice - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for generating a block of a block network using a sharding mechanism includes the following steps: a node obtains a plurality of data based on a blockchain agreement; the node distributes the data into a plurality of groups, and simultaneously concurrently The data in each group performs a block generation process; and the node generates a new block according to the operation results of all the groups. The block generation method of the block network of the present invention can efficiently utilize the computing power of nodes and can effectively prevent distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS).

Description

Block generation method of block network and block network system using sharding mechanism

The invention relates to a block generation method and a block network system of a block network using a sharding mechanism, and in particular, to a method and block using the sharding mechanism to achieve more efficient generation of blocks in the block network. Network system.

In recent years, various virtual currencies (Crypto Currency) based on blockchain technology have begun to be widely used and popular on the Internet, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Ripple, etc., and the daily transaction value of these virtual currencies Over $ 10 million and growing. Currently, Wikipedia, Dell Computer, Newegg, PayPal and other famous companies and institutions support the use of Bitcoin or other virtual currencies as transaction currencies. Virtual currency is different from general currency and has no entity. However, the reliability of virtual currency and its transactions can be supported by blockchain technology.

Blockchain technology is a technical solution that does not rely on third parties to store, verify, transfer and communicate network data through its own distributed nodes. Therefore, from the perspective of financial accounting, some people regard blockchain technology as a decentralized and open decentralized large-scale network book (public ledger). Anyone can join using the same technical standards at any time. Own information, extend the blockchain, and continue to meet the data entry needs brought by various needs.

For example, the public ledger used by Bitcoin is a set of proof-of-work (Proof-of-Work) mechanism of decentralized storage solutions, usually has extremely high security and anti-attack characteristics. To effectively attack the security of the Bitcoin blockchain, computing power of up to thousands of TH / s is required, which has exceeded the total computing power of the top 500 supercomputers in the world by a hundred times.

In blockchain technology, each computer can form a node to obtain information or data from the blockchain network, such as transaction data, and then the node can use the data to generate blocks including hash operations. The program or block generates a program to generate a new block, and connects the newly generated block to the end of the blockchain stored by the node. In addition to the hash operation of the information or data itself, the blockchain system used by the aforementioned Bitcoin also uses a proof-of-work mechanism to determine whether the block can be generated, and the proof-of-work is to solve the difficult hash by the node To achieve this, in order to obtain the right to generate new blocks, each node will spend a lot of computing power on the hash calculation of the proof of work.

The development of blockchain has not only been used for the purpose of virtual currency, decentralized technology can be applied to many different technical fields, and proof of work is no longer the sole means of generating blocks. In some blockchain architectures, each node can process data and produce blocks at the same time. Under this architecture, no proof of work is needed, so the node's computing power can be liberated by the hash operation of the proof of work to generate blocks. The speed will also increase accordingly. However, as mentioned earlier, the node on the blockchain network is a computer host, and the computer host will have different computing capabilities according to its specifications. When the computing power of the computer host is far greater than the computing power required to perform the block generation program or the block generation program, the computing power of the computer host is a waste.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new block generation method or system to solve the above problems.

In view of this, one category of the present invention is to provide a block generation method for a block network using a sharding mechanism, which can more effectively utilize computer computing capabilities to generate blocks.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the block generation method of the block network can be executed on a computer system, where the computer system includes a plurality of nodes. The block network block generation method includes the following steps: one of a plurality of nodes, a first node obtains a plurality of data based on a blockchain agreement; the first node distributes the obtained plurality of data in a plurality of groups, and At the same time, a hash operation is performed on the data in each group in parallel; and a block is formed according to the operation result of each group.

In this specific embodiment, the method for generating a block of a block network further includes the following steps: a first node sends out a broadcast corresponding to the block after generating the block; and a plurality of second nodes of the plurality of nodes respectively receive the broadcast to confirm The block; and when a predetermined number of second nodes confirm the block, the block becomes a confirmed block.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a block network system using a sharding mechanism, which can more effectively utilize computer computing power to generate blocks.

According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the block network system may include a block chain network and a first computing device connected to the block chain network, wherein the first computing device may include a processor. The first computing device may store a block generation program, and the processor may execute a plurality of block generation programs simultaneously. After the first computing device obtains the data, its processor can disperse each data into a plurality of groups, and simultaneously perform block generation procedures on the data in each group in parallel, and generate the operation results of the procedures according to all the blocks. Form a block.

In this embodiment, the blockchain network system further includes a plurality of second computing devices connected to the blockchain network, wherein the second computing device can perform the same operations as the first computing device. program. After the first computing device forms a block, it can send a broadcast corresponding to this block through the blockchain network, and the second computing device can receive the broadcast from the blockchain network and confirm this block based on the received broadcast. When a certain number of second computing devices confirm the block, the block becomes a confirmed block.

In summary, the method and system for generating blocks of the blockchain of the present invention can effectively utilize the computing power of the nodes, and improve the speed of generating blocks and the efficiency of processing data.

S10 ~ S14, S30 ~ S34‧‧‧Process steps

2‧‧‧block network system

20‧‧‧ Blockchain Network

22‧‧‧ the first node

24‧‧‧Second Node

220‧‧‧Processor

2200, 2202, 2204‧‧‧ fragments

B‧‧‧ Block

B0, B1, B2 ‧‧‧ subblocks

C‧‧‧ Blockchain

FIG. 1A is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for generating blocks in a block network using a fragmentation mechanism according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a functional block diagram of a block network system that can execute the method of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fragmentation mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for generating blocks of a block network according to another embodiment of the present invention.

In order to make the advantages, spirits and features of the present invention easier and clearer, it will be detailed and discussed in the following with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is worth noting that these specific embodiments are only representative specific embodiments of the present invention, and the specific methods, devices, conditions, materials, etc. exemplified therein are not intended to limit the present invention or corresponding specific embodiments. In addition, each device in the figure is only used to express its relative position and is not depicted in its actual proportion, which will be described together.

Please refer to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B. FIG. 1A is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for generating a block of a block network using a sharding mechanism according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. FIG. Functional block diagram of the block network system 2 that executes the method of FIG. 1A. As shown in FIG. 1B, the blockchain network system 2 may include a blockchain network 20 and a plurality of computing devices connected to the blockchain network 20, and the computing devices may be connected to each other through the blockchain network 20. A computing device may also be referred to as a node, which may be a computer host or any device with logic computing capabilities. Each computing device can perform the same computing function, but for the sake of convenience, the central computing device shown in FIG. 1B is defined as the first node 22, and other computing devices are defined as the second node. twenty four. In practice, any computing device or node connected to the blockchain network 20 can be used as the first node 22 to perform the same computing procedure. For each node, a computing device or node other than itself can Is defined as second node 24.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the block generation method of the block network of this embodiment can be executed by a computer system, and further, it can be performed by the block network system 2 shown in FIG. 1B. The block generation method of the blockchain in this embodiment may include the following steps: Step S10, the first node 22 (that is, the first computing device) obtains a plurality of data based on the blockchain agreement; step S12, the first node 22 will The obtained data is dispersed in a plurality of groups, and a block generation process is performed on the data in each group in parallel at the same time; and in step S14, the first node forms a new area according to the results of the block generation process performed by all the groups. Piece.

The blockchain network 20 can store multiple pieces of data, which can include different forms or contents according to different application fields. For example, these data can be financial transaction data, medical medical records, identity verification data, academic data, or human resources. Smart learning materials, etc. In step S10, the first node 22 can obtain one or more pieces of data from the blockchain network 20 based on the blockchain agreement. In practice, the first node 22 can set conditions on its own to search for and obtain qualified data from the blockchain network 20. Please note that the above available data is Refers to data that has not yet been written in any block.

In step S12, the first node 22 may distribute the acquired pieces of data into a plurality of groups, and perform a block generation process on the data in the plurality of groups in parallel at the same time. The number of groups can be determined by the first node 22, and the first node 22 can simultaneously execute a block generation program equivalent to the number of groups to perform hash operations on the data in each group in parallel. Please note that in this specific embodiment, instead of forming a group first and then executing the equivalent block generation procedure by the number of groups, the group is determined by the number of block generation procedures that the first node 22 can execute simultaneously. The number of groups, where the word "group" is used only to indicate that the data will be processed by a fragment or block generation program in one of the first nodes 22, that is, a fragment or block generation The program represents a group. The description of the debris is described later. The process of performing step S12 by the first node 22 is detailed below.

As shown in FIG. 1B, the first node 22 may include a processor 220. The first node 22 is a computer host or a device with logic operation capability in this embodiment, and the processor 220 may be a computer host or a central processing unit (CPU) of a device with logic operation capability. In addition, the first node 22 can store a consistent hashing program and a block generating program. The consistent hashing program can distribute the acquired data in various groups, and the block generating program can Processing the data in a group, including hashing each data. In practice, the consistent hash calculation program and the block generation program can be established in the database or memory of the first node 22.

The processor 220 may calculate or learn from the historical data the computing power required by the processor 22 to execute a block generating program, and compare it with the total computing power of the processor 220 to obtain a location for executing a block generating program. Required CPU usage. By this, the processor 220 can learn The number of block generation procedures that can be executed simultaneously, that is, the number of groups.

After the first node 22 obtains data from the blockchain network 20, the processor 220 may execute a consistent hashing operation program to disperse the data into groups. Then, the processor 220 performs a block generation on each group. program. The block generation program includes a hash calculation program. The data in each group can be hashed to obtain the hash value of these data. In practice, the processor 220 may first obtain the required amount of data, and then disperse all the obtained data into each group, and simultaneously execute a corresponding number of block generation procedures to simultaneously process the data in each group. Alternatively, in another specific embodiment, the processor 220 may perform a consistent hash calculation procedure after obtaining a piece of data, and classify the piece of data into one of the groups, and then generate the program with a block corresponding to the group. Process this information.

After the data in the foregoing groups is calculated, in step S14, the processor 220 of the first node 22 may write the results of the block generation procedures performed by all the groups into a block to generate a new block, and This newly generated block can be connected to the last end of the originally stored blockchain in the first node 22.

In this specific embodiment, the method in which the processor 220 of the first node 22 disperses multiple pieces of data and executes multiple block generation programs at the same time to perform parallel operation on all the data, that is, a division of the block generation method of the present invention. Shard mechanism. In other words, the first node 22 can be further divided into a plurality of fragments, and each fragment executes a block generation program at the same time.

Please refer to FIG. 1B and FIG. 2 together. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fragmentation mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the aforementioned first node 22 may generate a block chain C, and the block chain C includes a plurality of blocks B. A block B may be generated by the processor 220 of the foregoing first node 22 in a plurality of block generating programs at the same time. In this specific embodiment, the first node 22 may It is further divided into three fragments, which are represented by 2200, 2202, and 2204, respectively. Please note that the division of the first node 22 into three fragments is not a physical or internal operation function divided into three parts, but rather means that the processor 220 can execute three block generation programs simultaneously, which is equivalent to the first node 22 Three fragments with arithmetic processing power. As mentioned above, the number of fragments allocated by the first node 22 may be determined according to the computing capability of the processor 220. For example, if a CPU or processor executes a block generation program that takes up 30% of the CPU usage, it can be known that this CPU can execute up to 3 block generation programs at the same time, occupying 90% of the CPU usage, so The CPU may determine that the number of groups or fragments is three, that is, the situation where the specific embodiment is divided into three pieces. In practice, the number of shards can be determined by the CPU or processor as the maximum number of shards (determined by the maximum computing power), or the number of shards can also be determined based on the upper limit of CPU usage. For example, the user can set the CPU usage of the node's processor to generate blocks not to exceed 70%. If a block generation process requires 30% of the CPU usage, the processor can divide two fragments at the same time. Carry out the block generation process.

In this specific embodiment, the first node 22 may execute a block generation procedure on the divided three fragments 2200, 2202, and 2204 to perform hash operations on data in different groups to form a sub-block B0. , B1, and B2, and each sub-block contains the results of multiple pieces of data processed by the block generation program. Then, the first node 22 may generate a block B according to the results of the sub-blocks B0, B1, and B2. Please note that although the three fragments 2200, 2202, and 2204 of this embodiment can calculate three sub-blocks B0, B1, and B2, respectively, the three sub-blocks B0, B1, and B2 are not determined in the blockchain C The block is a collection of results obtained through the calculation of the block generation program. Block B is a new block that is actually connected to the end of the blockchain C. In other words, from the perspective of other nodes or other computing devices (the second node 24) in the blockchain network 20, the first node 22 generates only one block B in a time. However, since the first node 22 is The execution of the three block generation program can process three times the amount of data at the same time, so the speed of generating block B is faster, and the computing power of the processor or CPU is fully used.

On the other hand, based on its decentralized characteristics, the block network system 2 can prevent distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS) to a certain extent. In the foregoing specific embodiment, a node or a computing device can be further divided into multiple fragments and process data in parallel. Even if a DDoS attack is encountered, the fragmentation mechanism can make the attack more dispersed and avoid system overload, so it can be further prevented DDoS attack.

Although the processor 220 of the first node 22 in FIG. 2 is divided into three fragments 2200, 2202, and 2204 for data processing, the practice is not limited to this. As mentioned earlier, depending on the computing power of the processor, it can also be divided into 2 fragments or more than 3 fragments. In addition, the sharding mechanism can also determine the number of shards when a new block is generated. For example, although the previous block can be generated using three shards at the same time, when the new block is generated, if the first node 22 has Other high-priority procedures are in operation, and the first node 22 can be divided into two fragments or no fragments to generate new blocks.

Please refer to FIG. 1B and FIG. 3 together. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a block generation method of a block network according to another embodiment of the present invention. The method of this specific embodiment can be performed after the method of FIG. 1A. As shown in FIG. 3, the block generation method of the block network of the specific embodiment includes the following steps: step S30, the first node 22 generates a new block, and sends a broadcast of the corresponding block; step S32, the second node 24 receives Broadcast, and confirm the block according to the broadcast; and step S34, when the predetermined number of second nodes 24 confirm the block, the block becomes a confirmed block.

In step S30, after the aforementioned first node 22 generates a new block through the fragmentation mechanism, it can send a broadcast corresponding to the new block to the blockchain network 20. The content of the broadcast contains information about the newly generated block, such as the Block Proposer ID, The block hash (block hash), the previous block hash (previous block hash) of the block, the creator signature (signature), block height (block height), and confirmation data (Acks), etc.

Next, in step S32, each second node 24 can receive the broadcast from the first node 22 by the blockchain network 20, and confirm the block using the confirmation data in the broadcast. When the confirmation is correct, the second node 24 may write the confirmation information in the foregoing broadcast into the new block when it generates a new block. Please note that as mentioned above, the second node 24 can have the same capabilities as the first node 22, so when the second node 24 generates a new block, it can also use the fragmentation mechanism as the first node 22 to effectively use its processing Computing power. In addition, the second node 24 can also send a broadcast corresponding to this block to other nodes on the blockchain network 20 after generating a new block. In other words, for the second node 24 that generates a new block and sends a broadcast, it is regarded as the first node 22 itself, and other nodes than itself are regarded as the second node 24. In this way, each node can maintain its own block chain, and the blocks of different nodes 'blockchains can be mutually confirmed, and the blocks of different nodes' blockchains can be further connected to each other to form a block network (Blocklattice) to ensure The correctness of the block data.

On the other hand, since each node can be used as the first node to generate a new block and send a broadcast to other nodes, each node may receive multiple broadcasts from other nodes before generating a new block. When a node receives multiple broadcasts, the multiple broadcasts and confirmation data in the broadcast can also be distributed to multiple groups or fragments formed by this node, and each fragment can confirm the broadcast in the corresponding group. Therefore, one node can also acknowledge multiple broadcasts from other nodes in parallel at the same time. In practice, when the number of nodes in the block network system is rapidly expanding, the generation of a large number of new blocks will also bring a large number of broadcasts, and the node's fragmentation mechanism can quickly handle a large number of Broadcast, so that the blockchain network maintains its stability.

In step S34 of FIG. 3, when the second node 24 confirms the broadcast sent by the first node 22, the block corresponding to the broadcast becomes a confirmed block and is stored in the first node 22. The blockchain that connects this block to the end also becomes a confirmed blockchain. The aforementioned predetermined number refers to two-thirds of the total number of nodes or computing devices connected to the blockchain network 20. It is worth noting that because the newly generated block information in a blockchain contains the previous block hash (Previous Block Hash), when the first node 22 generates a new block on its stored blockchain When this new block is confirmed by more than two-thirds of other nodes or computing devices, it is equivalent to confirming all blocks on the blockchain to which the block is connected, thereby solving the Byzantine in the blockchain Byzantine Generals Problem.

To sum up, the method for generating a block of a blockchain and the nodes in a block network system according to the present invention can perform a sharding mechanism according to the computing capability of the node itself, and then perform a hash operation on multiple data at the same time to generate new blocks. . This can improve the efficiency of node computing power usage, increase the speed of generating new blocks, prevent DDoS attacks, and maintain the stability of the blockchain network.

With the above detailed description of the preferred embodiments, it is hoped that the features and spirit of the present invention can be more clearly described, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the preferred embodiments disclosed above. On the contrary, the intention is to cover various changes and equivalent arrangements within the scope of the patents to be applied for in the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the patent scope of the present invention should be interpreted in the broadest sense according to the above description, so that it covers all possible changes and equal arrangements.

Claims (9)

A block generation method of a block network using a sharding mechanism is executed on a computer system including a plurality of nodes. The method includes the following steps: one of the nodes is based on a blockchain protocol Obtaining a plurality of data; the first node dispersing the data in a plurality of groups, and simultaneously performing a block generation process on the data in the groups in parallel; and the first node according to the The group generates a block as a result of these block generation procedures; the first node sends a broadcast corresponding to one of the blocks after generating the block; and a plurality of second blocks in the blocks receive the broadcast respectively To confirm the block; and when the block is confirmed by more than a predetermined number of the second nodes, the block becomes a confirmed block. The method according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the predetermined number is two thirds of the total number of the nodes. According to the method described in the first item of the patent application scope, the method further includes the following steps: the second node then distributes the received broadcast among one of a plurality of second groups. The method according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first node is a computer host, the method further comprises: the first node determines the number of the groups according to the computing capability of the computer host. The method described in item 1 of the patent application scope further includes the following steps: the first node distributes the data among the groups by means of consistent hashing. A block network system using a sharding mechanism includes: a block chain network storing a plurality of data; and a first computing device connected to the block chain network to obtain the block network from the block chain network. And other data, the first computing device has a processor and stores a block generating program, and the processor selectively executes a plurality of the block generating programs; wherein, when the first computing device obtains the data, the first computing device The processor disperses the data into a plurality of groups, and simultaneously performs the block generation procedure on the data in the groups in parallel, and forms a block according to the operation results of the block generation procedures. And the first computing device sends a broadcast corresponding to one of the blocks through the blockchain network. The system described in item 6 of the scope of patent application, further comprising a plurality of computing devices including the first computing device and a plurality of second computing devices, and the second computing devices are connected to the blockchain network Lu Bing receives the broadcast corresponding to the block through the blockchain network, and confirms the block according to the broadcast. When a predetermined number of the second computing devices confirm the block, the block becomes a Block confirmed. The system according to item 6 of the patent application scope, wherein the processor determines the number of the groups according to its own computing power. The system according to item 6 of the scope of patent application, wherein the computing device stores a consistent hash operation program, and the processor executes the consistent hash operation program to disperse the information to the groups.