TWI669885B - Battery charge and discharge management method and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery charging and discharging management method and system. The battery is internally provided with a lithium battery core and a DC/DC converter to generate input or output I/O voltage and current, and the battery is charged and discharged when the lithium battery core is within the working voltage range. The management method includes the following modes: a1. The charging action is greater than the overvoltage protection mode when the charging high voltage is set, and the I/O voltage cannot be input into the battery; a2. The charging action voltage is less than the set charging high voltage, and the charging mode is greater than the minimum chargeable voltage. The I/O voltage can charge the lithium battery cell in the battery; the a3.I/O voltage is less than the minimum chargeable voltage, enters the protection mode when the maximum discharge voltage is greater, and does not charge and discharge; a4.I/O voltage is less than the maximum When the discharge voltage is greater than the minimum dischargeable voltage, the battery can output a discharge. The I/O voltage includes the internal reference voltage of the DC/DC converter output plus the power indication voltage of the product according to the actual voltage reduction of the lithium battery core, and the I/O The O voltage corresponds to the dynamic load line characteristic; a5. The actual voltage of the lithium battery cell is lower than the set low voltage voltage, and the I/O voltage load line offset is amplified; a6. The I/O voltage is negative when it is less than 0V. Protection mode, the battery does not charge and discharge operation, and the I / O endpoint is shorted to ground to provide a negative current loop; whereby the present invention can provide better power management and measurable effect.

Description

Battery charge and discharge management method and system

The invention relates to a battery charging and discharging management method and system, which mainly relates to a chargeable and discharging structure, and can manage and provide a power quantity indication and has an output dynamic load line characteristic.

The conventional dry battery has a disposable or rechargeable type. The disposable battery is generally a zinc-manganese battery, which is discarded after being used once, thereby causing environmental pollution and waste of resources, and the rechargeable battery is mostly nickel-hydrogen or nickel-cadmium. The battery can be charged when the battery is low, so that it has better environmental protection and lowers the cost of purchasing the battery. However, the output voltage of the nickel-hydrogen or nickel-cadmium battery is about 1.2V, which is lower than the normal one-time battery voltage of about 1.5V, resulting in a part. The above-mentioned rechargeable battery may not be used for the electric product, and if the electric device uses the serial voltage of the battery, the series voltage of the rechargeable battery will be larger than the series voltage of the disposable battery, which makes the applicability of the rechargeable battery lower. Happening.

In order to improve the low voltage of the nickel-hydrogen or nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery, a lithium battery and a DC/DC converter structure are arranged in the outer casing of the battery, and the voltage of the lithium battery is converted into a voltage of 1.5V by about 3.0~4.2V. The output, as shown in FIG. 6 is a conventional structure, in which a lithium battery cell 11' is disposed in a battery casing (not shown), and the lithium battery cell 11' is electrically connected to the battery negative terminal 10' and the protection circuit 12'. a DC/DC converter 13', the DC/DC converter 13' output is connected to the battery positive terminal 14', and the protection circuit 12' is connected to the charging terminal 15'. The charging terminal 15' is disposed at the center of the casing, and With USB connector (Figure It is not shown), and an external device having a charge controller 16' can be supplied to input a voltage of 5 V to charge the lithium battery cell 11'.

The charging controller 16' of the foregoing structure may also be disposed in the battery, and the DC/DC converter 13' may set an output corresponding to a voltage of about 1.5V of the disposable battery, and the built-in lithium battery 11' may be detected by the charging end 15'. The battery, however, the battery charging end 15' of the structure must be provided with an additional connector (such as a USB connector) to form a three-terminal structure, and the positive terminal 14' is exposed when charging, which is a safety risk.

Figure 7 shows a conventional structure in which a lithium battery cell 21' is disposed in a battery case (not shown), and the lithium battery cell 21' is connected to the negative terminal 20' and the protection circuit 22'. The protection circuit 22' Electrically connected to the DC/DC converter 23' and the charge controller 24', the DC/DC converter 23' and the charge controller 24' are electrically connected to the loop controller 25', and the battery controller 25' is connected to the battery controller Extreme 26', when discharged, the lithium battery cell 21' can be about 3.0~4.2V voltage can be output through the protection circuit 22', the DC/DC adapter 23', the loop controller 25' to the positive terminal 26', and can be charged when charged. The positive terminal 26', the loop controller 25', the charge controller 24', and the protection circuit 22' charge the lithium battery cell 21'.

The architecture can be regulated by the DC/DC converter 23' to output a voltage of about 1.5V, and is charged and discharged by the same positive terminal 26', which can have the same charging mode effect as the conventional rechargeable battery, and can meet the general charging habit, however, The positive terminal 26' does not measure the lithium battery cell 21' power, causing the lithium battery cell 21' to have insufficient power when the lithium battery cell 21' is insufficient. The DC/DC converter 23' positive terminal 26' will have no output instantaneously, resulting in the use of the battery due to not being charged immediately. The battery's electrical products can't be used, and the instantaneous output-free characteristics and the general disposable battery will gradually lose power. The user can recognize that the battery has no power. The DC/DC converter 23' output voltage error is not as good as the disposable battery, and the DC/DC converter 23' output voltage error will cause the parallel discharge to use only the imbalance of the higher voltage battery. When used in series, the battery with the lowest power will be used.

The main object of the present invention is to provide a method and architecture for charging and discharging a built-in lithium battery cell and indicating the amount of electricity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and architecture that includes output dynamic load line characteristics and low battery indication.

The battery charging and discharging management method of the present invention is that the lithium battery core and the DC/DC converter are internally provided with an input/output I/O voltage and current, and the battery charging and discharging management method includes the lithium battery core in an operating voltage range. The following modes: a1. The charging action is greater than the setting of the charging high voltage when the overvoltage protection mode is adopted, the I/O voltage cannot be input into the battery; a2. The charging action voltage is less than the set charging high voltage, and the charging mode is greater than the minimum chargeable voltage, I/O The voltage can charge the lithium battery cell in the battery; a3.I/O voltage is less than the minimum chargeable voltage, enters the protection mode when the maximum dischargeable voltage is greater, and does not charge and discharge; a4.I/O voltage is less than the maximum dischargeable voltage, When the battery is larger than the minimum dischargeable voltage, the battery can output a discharge. The I/O voltage includes the internal reference voltage of the DC/DC converter output plus the power indication voltage of the product according to the actual voltage of the lithium battery core, and the I/O voltage corresponds to Set the dynamic load line characteristics of the output load.

Further, the mode of the management method further includes: a5. The actual voltage of the lithium battery cell is lower than the set low voltage voltage, and the I/O voltage load line offset is amplified; a6. The I/O voltage is less than In the negative voltage protection mode at 0V, the battery does not charge and discharge, and the I/O terminal provides a negative current loop to the ground short circuit.

The a4 mode of the present invention, when the lithium battery cell voltage is greater than the low battery set value, and the output I/O current is greater than the power indicating voltage output setting current, the I/O voltage is equal to the internal reference voltage + the power indicating voltage - the output load current indicating voltage, The electric quantity indicating voltage = ((lithium battery core voltage - lithium battery cell minimum voltage) X 1 / (lithium battery cell saturation voltage - lithium battery cell minimum voltage)) X set range voltage, and the output load current indicating voltage is According to the output one, the voltage corresponding to the output current on the output load is set.

Further, the present invention further includes an external detecting device that detects the lithium battery cell power, and has the following steps: b1. The battery I/O output current is less than the power indicating voltage output setting current, and the measuring battery positive and negative terminals are obtained. Internal DC/DC converter reference voltage; b2. The external detection device introduces the set load, so that the battery output current is greater than the power indication voltage output setting current, and the measured voltage is measured at the positive and negative terminals of the battery; b3. Measuring voltage - internal reference The voltage obtains the power indicating voltage, which indicates that the voltage is converted to obtain the actual lithium battery cell voltage.

The output load indicating voltage of the a5 mode of the present invention is such that the voltage corresponding to the output current on the output load is set to be multiplied by a multiple of the a4 mode to amplify the I/O voltage load line offset.

The battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention comprises a battery case connected to a positive end and a negative end; a lithium battery core is disposed in the battery case; a charge and discharge management circuit is disposed in the battery case, and is positive and negative with the battery Extreme and lithium battery core positive and negative electrical connection, the charge and discharge management circuit includes: a bidirectional DC/DC converter, respectively, electrical Connect the positive and negative terminals of the lithium battery core and the positive and negative terminals of the battery, with a multiplexer and core control circuit; a management detection circuit, the input side is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the lithium battery cell and the positive and negative terminals of the battery, and the output side is connected. a multiplexer and a core control circuit; and the management detection circuit synthesizes the signal input multiplexer and the core control circuit according to the lithium battery cell voltage and the DC/DC converter output internal reference voltage and the set output load current indicating voltage The positive and negative terminals of the battery can reflect the lithium battery cell voltage.

Further, the bidirectional DC/DC converter further includes a digital voltage regulator switch and a control switch SW1, and the management detection circuit includes: a first voltage current buffer amplifier electrically connected to the lithium battery core and the multiplexer and the core control circuit a second voltage current buffer amplifier, the electrical connection pool output positive and negative terminals and the multiplexer and the core control circuit; a charging error amplifier, the lithium battery core voltage and the lithium battery core allowable maximum voltage difference amplification input a multiplexer and a core control circuit; a power indicating voltage equalizer, the input is electrically connected to the first voltage current buffer amplifier, the output is connected to a switch SW1, and the output generates a detection current; a discharge reference power synthesizer is connected to the switch SW1, The switch SW1 is controlled by the multiplexer and the core control circuit, and is connected with the power indicating voltage equalizer and the discharge reference power synthesizer to generate a power synthesis signal; a discharge error amplifier, the input side is connected to the second voltage current buffer amplifier and discharging Reference power synthesizer, the output side is connected to the multiplexer and the core control circuit, and the power synthesis signal is input. Duplexes and core control circuit.

Further, the management detection circuit further comprises a discharge current equalizer, the discharge current equalizer electrically connecting the multiplexer and the core control circuit, the second voltage current buffer amplification circuit, the discharge reference power supply synthesizer, and the discharge current Equalization appliance Corresponding to the set load of the lithium battery cell with different low power and low power, and the multiplexer and the core control circuit generate different I/O voltage load line slopes according to the lithium battery core when selecting the corresponding set load according to the non-low battery and low power. .

The method for measuring the battery power of the invention is that the lithium battery core and the DC/DC converter are internally provided to generate an input/output I/O voltage and current, and the lithium battery core is in an operating voltage range, and the output I/O is output. When the current is greater than the power indicating voltage output setting current, the I/O voltage is equal to the internal reference voltage + the power indicating voltage - the output load current indicating voltage; wherein the power indicating voltage = ((lithium battery core voltage - lithium battery core minimum voltage) X 1 / (Lithium battery cell saturation voltage - Lithium battery cell minimum voltage) X set range voltage, and the output load current indicating voltage is the voltage corresponding to the output current on the output load according to the output one; and further includes an external detecting device, The external detecting device detects the lithium battery cell power, and has the following steps: b1. The battery I/O output current is less than the power indicating voltage output setting current, and the measuring battery positive and negative terminals obtain the internal reference voltage; b2. The external detecting device is imported. Load, so that the battery output current is greater than the power indication voltage output setting current, measuring the positive and negative terminals of the battery to obtain the measured voltage; b3. Measuring voltage - internal A reference voltage to obtain electric quantity indicating voltage, indicating that the battery voltage lithium cell voltage to achieve practical conversion.

The battery of the invention can be the same two-end architecture as the general battery, and can be used to measure the actual power of the internal lithium battery cell from the positive and negative terminals of the battery, thereby preventing the user from still having insufficient power of the lithium battery core. Since the battery output is not lowered (about 1.5V) and the battery is misidentified, the present invention can provide a fast voltage on the electric product. The speed is reduced to provide the user with no need to measure and the lithium battery core has no electricity, and the utility model has the advantages of better low battery identification.

1‧‧‧Lithium battery core

2‧‧‧Charge and discharge management circuit

20‧‧‧Management detection circuit

21‧‧‧DC/DC Converter

211‧‧‧Multiplexer and core control circuit

22‧‧‧First voltage current buffer amplifier

23‧‧‧Second voltage current buffer amplifier

24‧‧‧Charging error amplifier

25‧‧‧Power indicator voltage equalizer

26‧‧‧Discharge reference power synthesizer

27‧‧‧Discharge error amplifier

28‧‧‧Discharge current equalizer

M0~M9‧‧‧MOSFET

R0, R3, R6~R11‧‧‧ resistance

OP1~OP4‧‧‧Operational Amplifier

3‧‧‧ positive end

4‧‧‧Negative end

10'‧‧‧Negative end

11'‧‧‧Lithium battery core

12’‧‧‧Protection circuit

13’‧‧‧DC/DC Converter

14'‧‧‧ positive end

15'‧‧‧Charging end

16’‧‧‧Charging controller

20'‧‧‧Negative end

21'‧‧‧Lithium battery core

22’‧‧‧Protection circuit

23'‧‧‧DC/DC Converter

24'‧‧‧Charging Controller

25’‧‧‧ Loop Controller

26’‧‧‧ positive end

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of the system architecture of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture circuit of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the system operation mode of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the waveform of the discharge operation of the present invention.

Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a lithium battery architecture.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conventional lithium battery.

The lithium battery of the present invention is provided with a lithium battery core and a DC/DC converter to generate an input/output I/O voltage and current, and the battery charging and discharging management method when the lithium battery core is in an operating voltage range (about 3V~4.2V) Includes the following modes:

A1. When the charging action is greater than the setting charging high voltage (about 5.5V), the overvoltage protection mode is adopted, and the I/O voltage cannot be input into the battery.

A2. The charging action voltage is less than the set charging high voltage. When the charging voltage is greater than the minimum charging voltage (about 4.5V), it is the charging mode. The I/O voltage can charge the lithium battery cell in the battery.

A3. The I/O voltage is less than the minimum chargeable voltage. When it is greater than the maximum dischargeable voltage (about 1.6V), it enters the protection mode and does not charge or discharge.

A4. The I/O voltage is less than the maximum dischargeable voltage. When the voltage is greater than the minimum dischargeable voltage (about 1V), the battery can output a discharge. The I/O voltage includes the internal base of the DC/DC converter output. The quasi-voltage plus the electric quantity indicating voltage Vgauge of the product according to the actual voltage reduction of the lithium battery core, and the I/O voltage correspondingly sets the output load dynamic load line characteristic.

A5. When the actual voltage of the lithium battery cell is lower than the set low battery voltage Vbat_Low (about 3.2V), the I/O voltage load line offset is amplified.

A6. When the I/O voltage is less than 0V, it is the negative voltage protection mode, the battery does not charge and discharge, and the I/O terminal provides a negative current loop to the ground short circuit.

In the a4 mode, when the lithium battery cell voltage Vbat is greater than the low battery set value (3V), and the output current is greater than the power indicating voltage output setting current (1~10 mA), the I/O voltage is the internal reference voltage (about 1.5V) + the power amount. The indication voltage Vgauge - the output load current indicates the voltage Vdrop.

Wherein the electric quantity indicating voltage Vgauge=((lithium battery cell voltage Vbat-lithium battery core minimum voltage Vbat_Dead 3V) X 1/(lithium battery cell saturation voltage Vbat_Full4.2V-lithium battery cell minimum voltage Vbat_Dead)) X setting range voltage ( In this embodiment, Vgauge_max=100 mV is set. For example, when the lithium battery cell voltage Vbat is 3.6 V, the Vgauge voltage is ((3.6-3) X 1 / (4.2-3)) X 100 mV = 0.05 V.

The electric quantity indicating voltage Vgauge of the present invention adopts a ratio of the voltage Vbat of the current lithium battery core to the output voltage range of the lithium battery cell, and then sets the ratio to be reduced, so that the electric quantity indicating voltage Vgauge is much smaller than the internal reference voltage (about 1.5V). Therefore, the power indicating voltage Vgauge plus the internal reference voltage (about 1.5V) of the battery does not cause a large increase in the output I/O voltage (up to 1.6V in this embodiment), and thus can provide power for general use of electric equipment.

The a4 mode output voltage I/O corresponding to the dynamic load line characteristic is set to set the output load Rest when the lithium battery cell voltage Vbat is greater than the lithium battery low voltage (3.2V), and the output current is greater than the electric quantity indicating voltage output setting current (1~10mA) According to the battery output current, calculate the offset of the load line to generate the output load current indicating voltage Vdrop, so that the positive and negative terminals of the battery output I/O voltage is the internal reference voltage (about 1.5V) + the power indicating voltage Vgauge An output load current indicates a voltage Vdrop.

The output load current indicating voltage Vdrop shall be lower than the maximum dischargeable voltage (about 1.6V) when the lithium battery cell voltage Vbat is greater than the minimum dischargeable voltage (about 1V), and the output current corresponding to the output current on the Rset is set according to the output. And has a corresponding dynamic negative ballast line slope.

The invention can be combined with an external detecting device for detecting the lithium battery cell power. The external detecting device is a special detecting device for the battery product of the present invention, and can be sold together with the battery product of the present invention. The external detecting device detects the lithium battery cell power with the following steps:

B1. Let the battery I/O output current be less than the power indication voltage Vgauge output setting current (about 1~10mA), and measure the internal DC/DC converter reference voltage V01 from the positive and negative terminals of the battery.

B2. The external detection device introduces the set load, so that the battery output I/O current is greater than the power indication voltage Vgauge output setting current (about 1~10mA), and the measurement battery voltage is measured at the positive and negative terminals of the battery.

B3. The measurement voltage V02 - the internal reference voltage V01 obtains the electric quantity indicating voltage Vgauge, which is converted by the aforementioned electric quantity indicating voltage Vgauge formula to obtain the actual lithium battery cell voltage Vbat.

The b1 step first measures the internal reference voltage V01 of the battery to prevent the internal DC/DC converter reference voltage V01 from deviating from the ideal voltage (1.5V), and the b3 step obtains the electric quantity indicating voltage Vgauge to generate a large deviation error.

Further, after the electric power indicating voltage Vgauge is obtained in the step b3, the lithium battery cell voltage Vbat can be known from the formula of the a4 mode.

The output load indicating voltage Vdrop of the a5 mode of the present invention is set to a voltage corresponding to the output I/O current on the output load NX Rset according to a multiple of the a4 mode, so that the I/O voltage can be based on the internal reference voltage (about 1.5V) + The power indication voltage (Vgauge) is an output load current indicating voltage Vdrop (the Vdrop is increased), thereby rapidly reducing the I/O voltage and forming an internal resistance rise state when the analog chemical battery is low, and the user does not need to use the detection. The instrument can be directly informed by the connected electrical device that the lithium battery cell is low (for example, the brightness of the flashlight will be rapidly reduced, so that the user knows that the lithium battery cell is low and must be charged).

Referring to FIG. 1, the system of the present invention comprises a battery case (not shown), a lithium battery cell 1, a charge and discharge management circuit 2, and the battery case is connected to a positive terminal 3 and a negative terminal 4; The lithium battery cell 1 is disposed in the battery case; the charge and discharge management circuit 2 is disposed in the battery case, and is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals 3, 4 and the lithium battery cell 1, and can control the external power source through the positive and negative terminals. 3, 4 input and then step down to charge the lithium battery cell 1 or let the voltage of the lithium battery cell 1 be depressurized and discharged from the positive and negative terminals 3, 4.

The charge and discharge management circuit 2 includes a DC/DC converter 21 and a management detection circuit 20. The DC/DC converter 21 is electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium battery cell 1 and the positive and negative terminals 3 and 4 of the battery. With a multiplexer and core control circuit 211, this management The input side of the detecting circuit 20 is electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium battery cell 1 and the positive and negative terminals 3 and 4 of the battery, and the output side is connected to the multiplexer and the core control circuit 211; and the management detecting circuit 20 is based on the voltage of the lithium battery cell 1 and The DC/DC converter 211 outputs an internal reference voltage and a power synthesis signal input multiplexer and core control circuit 211 that sets the output load current indicating voltage, and causes the positive and negative terminals 3, 4 of the battery to react with the voltage of the lithium battery cell 1.

Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the DC/DC converter 21 further includes a control switch SW1. The management detection circuit 20 includes a first voltage current buffer amplifier 22 corresponding to the lithium battery cell 1 end, and a corresponding battery output terminal. The second voltage current buffer amplifier 23, a charging error amplifier 24, a power indicating voltage equalizer 25, a discharge reference power combiner 26, a discharge error amplifier 27, and a discharge current equalizer 28.

The DC/CD converter 21 is a bidirectional step-down charge and discharge controller electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the lithium battery cell 1 and the positive and negative terminals 3 and 4 of the battery output. The DC/DC converter 21 has two serial mosfet switches. M1, M2, two series mosfet switches M3, M4, a multiplexer and core control circuit 211, two corresponding to the lithium battery cell 1 and the battery positive and negative terminals 3, 4 capacitors, a switch SW1, the switches M1, M2 The lithium battery cell 1 is electrically connected to the positive and negative poles respectively. The switches M3 and M4 are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals 3 and 4 of the battery output, and an inductor is connected between the switches M1 and M2 and between the switches M3 and M4. The multiplexer and the core control circuit 211 controls the M1, M2, M3, and M4 to perform the PWM regulated output operation, and the switch SW1 is controlled by the multiplexer and the core control circuit 211, and can provide the power indicating voltage equalizer 25 and Whether the discharge reference synthesizer 26 is electrically connected.

Referring to FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, the DC/DC converter 21 sets the charging high voltage switch M1~M4 OFF when the a1 mode I/O voltage is greater than 5.5V; and when the a2 mode causes the output I/O voltage to be set to the charging high voltage. In the charging mode (about 5.5V) and the minimum chargeable voltage (about 4.5V), the switches M1 ON, M2 OFF, M3, M4 are PWM-operated, and the external power source charges the lithium battery cell 1 at a constant voltage.

According to the present invention, when the voltage of the a3 mode battery is between the minimum chargeable voltage (about 4.5 V) and the maximum dischargeable voltage (about 1.6 V), the switches M1 to M4 are turned off; and the present invention is the same as the I/O voltage of the a4 mode. When the maximum and minimum discharge voltages (about 1.6V~1V), the switches M3 ON, M4 OFF, the switches M1, M2 are PWM regulated, and the output I/O voltage is less than 0 in the a6 mode is the negative voltage protection mode. The switches M3 and M4 are ON, the switches M1 and M2 are OFF, and the input voltage is short-circuited to the negative pole as the battery reverse connection protection.

The first voltage current buffer amplifier 22 of the present invention is electrically connected to the lithium battery cell 1. The second voltage current buffer amplifier 23 is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals 3 and 4 of the I/O voltage, and can respectively amplify and view the lithium battery cell 1 end. Lithium battery cell 1 voltage Vbat, current and battery output positive and negative terminals 3, 4 I / O voltage, current, and then input to the multiplexer and core control circuit 211, and the second voltage current buffer amplifier 23 has a The battery output is connected in series with the sense resistor R3.

The charging error amplifier 24 inputs and connects the lithium battery cell 1 voltage Vbat and the lithium battery cell maximum voltage (Vbat_Full 4.2V), inputs the connection multiplexer and the core control circuit 211, and compares the lithium battery cell 1 voltage Vbat and the lithium battery cell. After the maximum voltage of 4.2V, the input multiplexer and the core control circuit 211 are amplified, and the multiplexer and the core control circuit 211 can control the switches M1 to M4 to charge the lithium battery cell 1 in the charging mode.

The input side of the electric quantity indicating voltage equalizer 25 is electrically connected to the first voltage current buffer amplifier 22, the output connecting switch SW1 and the discharge reference power synthesizer 26, and the electric quantity indicating voltage equalizer 25 is output and combined by the discharge reference power synthesizer 26. The I/O voltage=internal reference voltage+the electric quantity indicating voltage Vgauge-the output load current indicating voltage Vdrop's electric quantity synthesizing signal is output to the discharge error amplifier 27, and then outputted by the discharging error amplifier 27 to the multiplexer and the core control circuit 211 to cause the system to discharge The mode time switches M1 to M4 operate to generate an I/O voltage.

The power indicating voltage equalizer 25 has a first operational amplifier OP1, a mosfet M0, a resistor R0, two mosfets M8, M9, and the R0 is connected to the output of the first voltage current buffer amplifier 22 and the OP1 input terminal, and the OP1 is another The input terminal corresponds to the lithium battery cell 1 invalid voltage Vbat_Dead 3V, and the OP1 output is connected to the M0 G pole, the M0 S pole and the D pole are respectively connected with the resistor and the R0 and M0 D poles, and the M8 and M9 form a current mirror circuit, The M9 D pole is connected to the switch SW1, so the node E of the R0, M0 and the input OP1 generates a voltage corresponding to the other input terminal 3V of the OP1, and the difference between the voltage Vbat of the lithium battery cell 1 and the invalid voltage Vbat_Dead 3V of the lithium battery cell 1 is at R0. A detection current Igauge is generated.

The discharge reference power combiner 26 is connected to the switch SW1 and the discharge current equalizer 28, and the switch SW1 is controlled by the multiplexer and the core control circuit 211, and is connected to the power indicating voltage equalizer 25 and the discharge reference power combiner 26, which can be used as The multiplexer and the core control circuit 211 generates a power indicating voltage output setting current (1 mA), and the switch SW1 is turned on. The discharge reference power combiner 26 includes a second operational amplifier OP2 and a resistor R4. The resistor R4 is connected at one end. Switch SW1, the other end is connected to one input of OP2 And the output terminal; the OP2 input terminal is connected to the 1.5V reference power supply, and the detection current Igauge and R4 flowing into the power indicating voltage equalizer 25 generate an upward offset of Igange X R4, and the offset can be set by R0. , M8, M9 current mirror coupling ratio, the size of R4 is such that the offset is equal to ((Vbat-Vbat_Dead)X1/(Vbat_Full-Vbat_Dead))X Vgauge_max.

The OP2 output is connected to the discharge error amplifier 27, and the discharge current equalizer 28 includes two operational amplifiers OP3, OP4, mosfet M5, M6, M7, resistors R8, R9, R10, R11, and the M6 and M7 form a current mirror circuit. And output the OP2 input terminal connected to the discharge reference power synthesizer 26, and the M6 S pole end is connected to the circuit system power supply Vcc, the M6 D terminal is connected to the M5 D pole, the M5 S pole connection resistance R11 is grounded, and the OP3 output terminal is connected to the M5 G pole, one input is connected to the node H between the M5 S pole and R11, and the other input end of the OP3 is connected to the OP4 output end, and the OP4 one input end is connected with the magnification switching circuit composed of R8, R9, R10 and the switch SW2, The R10 is connected to one input end and the output end of the OP4. One end of the R8 and R9 is connected to one input end of the OP4, and the other end is connected to the ground of the SW2. The SW2 is controlled by the multiplexer and the core control circuit 211 to ground the R8 or R9. The other input terminal of OP4 is connected by the second voltage stream buffer amplifier 23 to output a corresponding sense resistor R3 to amplify the output potential.

The multiplexer and core control circuit 211 of the present invention operates SW2 according to the Vbat voltage of the lithium battery cell 1, so that the OP4 can generate the output voltage of the F4 output of the OP4 according to the set magnification and the input voltage of the second voltage current buffer amplifier 23, the F node The voltage VF is converted by the OP3 so that the node H of R11 and M5 has a corresponding F voltage, and a set current Idrop of VF ÷ R11 is generated, and the set current mirror Idrop is input to the discharge reference via the currents M6 and M7. The OP2 input side of the power synthesizer generates the Idrop X R4 downward offset. The offset can be set by R3; M6 and M7 current mirror coupling ratio, R10, R11 make the reference voltage component output offset meet Vdrop=Iout X Rset.

The present invention is shown in the waveforms of FIG. 2 and FIG. 5, wherein the central Iout of FIG. 5 is a hypothetical load condition. When the multiplexer and the core control circuit 211 generate 1 mA, the output voltage Vout generates a power indicating voltage Vgauge, as shown in FIG. When the core 1 power Vbet is the highest power Vbat_Full, the Vgauge voltage is 0.1V, Vout is 1.6V, and the battery charge Vbat is 50%, the Vgauge is 0.05V, and the Vout is 1.55V, and the Vout is corresponding to the output current change. The dynamic load line characteristic slope is formed on the horizontal line of the internal reference voltage. At this time, the output load current indicating voltage Vdrop=output current Iout X sense resistor Rset, and the switches SW2 A and B of FIG. 2 and 3 are turned on.

When the lithium battery cell 1 Vbat power is low battery power Vbat_Low, the multiplexer and the core control circuit 211 control the switches SW2 A and C to be turned on, and the output load current indicating voltage is the output current Iout XN times the sensing resistor Rset, thereby making the output voltage Vout quickly drops to a lower battery voltage of 1.1V with a larger slope, so that the user can immediately know the power usage status of the battery using the battery, and the multiplexer and core control circuit 211 can be quickly Vout After the fall, Vout will be upgraded to lighter power to provide the residual power for the consumer.

In addition, the multiplexer and the core control circuit of the present invention can be set opposite to the above embodiment, and the output power indicating voltage Vgauge can be set when no load and Iout is 0, and the power indicating voltage Vgauge when the internal setting current is 1 mA is exceeded. The invention can also measure the power efficiency of the lithium battery core.

The battery of the invention has the same two-end architecture as the general battery, and can be used to measure the actual power of the internal lithium battery cell by the positive and negative terminals of the battery, and the measurement is convenient, and the lithium battery core can be prevented from being insufficient. The user still misidentifies that the battery has sufficient power due to the unreduced battery output (about 1.5V), and the present invention can provide a rapid voltage drop on the electric product to provide the user with no power to measure the lithium battery cell. Can have better powerless identification.

When the battery of the present invention is used in series, if the discharge of a battery is finished, the switches M3 and M4 can be turned on to form a low-loss circuit by the M6 mode, and the series battery can still be used for power supply, which can have better safety in series use.

Therefore, according to the above, the present invention can improve the power consumption and safety of the lithium battery, and can greatly reduce the loss of the disposable battery. The foregoing embodiments are illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention, and are in accordance with the spirit of the present invention. Equivalent changes are also within the scope of the invention.

While the specific embodiments have been described, it is possible that many modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (15)

A battery charging and discharging management method, wherein a lithium battery core and a DC/DC converter are internally provided to generate an input/output I/O voltage and current, and the battery charging and discharging management method includes the following modes when the lithium battery core is in an operating voltage range; :a1. When the charging action is greater than the setting of the charging high voltage, the overvoltage protection mode is adopted, and the I/O voltage cannot be input into the battery; a2. The charging action voltage is lower than the set charging high voltage, and the charging mode is greater than the minimum chargeable voltage, and the I/O voltage can be Charging the lithium battery cell in the battery; a3.I/O voltage is less than the minimum chargeable voltage, enters the protection mode when the maximum dischargeable voltage is greater, does not charge and discharge; a4.I/O voltage is less than the maximum dischargeable voltage, greater than the minimum The battery can output discharge when the voltage can be discharged. The I/O voltage includes the internal reference voltage of the DC/DC converter output plus the power indication voltage of the product according to the actual voltage of the lithium battery core, and the I/O voltage corresponds to the set output. Load dynamic load line characteristics. The battery charging and discharging management method according to claim 1, wherein the mode of the management method further comprises: a5. the actual voltage of the lithium battery cell is lower than the set low battery voltage, and the I/O voltage load line offset is amplified; a6.I When the /O voltage is less than 0V, it is a negative voltage protection mode, the battery does not charge and discharge, and the I/O terminal provides a negative current loop to the ground short circuit. The battery charging and discharging management method according to claim 1, wherein the a4 mode is when the lithium battery cell voltage is greater than the low battery setting value, and the output I/O current is greater than the power indicating voltage output setting. At constant current, the I/O voltage is equal to the internal reference voltage + the charge indicating voltage - the output load current indicating voltage. The battery charging and discharging management method according to claim 3, wherein the electric quantity indicating voltage=((lithium battery core voltage-lithium battery core minimum voltage) X 1/(lithium battery core saturation voltage-lithium battery core minimum voltage)) X sets the range voltage, and the output load current indicating voltage is the voltage corresponding to the output current on the output load according to the output one. The battery charging and discharging management method according to claim 4, further comprising an external detecting device for detecting the lithium battery cell power, having the following steps: b1. making the battery I/O output current less than the power indicating voltage output setting Current, measure the internal reference voltage of the positive and negative terminals of the battery; b2. The external detection device introduces the set load, so that the battery output current is greater than the power indication voltage output setting current, and the measured voltage is obtained by measuring the positive and negative terminals of the battery; b3. Measure Voltage - The internal reference voltage takes the charge indicator voltage, which indicates that the voltage is converted to the actual lithium battery cell voltage. The battery charging and discharging management method according to claim 2, wherein the output load indicating voltage of the a5 mode is set to a voltage corresponding to an output current on the output load by a multiple of the a4 mode to make the I/O voltage load line offset amplification. A battery charge and discharge management system includes a battery case connected to a positive end and a negative end; a lithium battery core is disposed in the battery case; a charge and discharge management circuit is disposed in the battery case, and is connected to the positive and negative ends of the battery The positive and negative electrodes of the lithium battery core are electrically connected, and the charge and discharge management circuit comprises: A DC/DC converter is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the lithium battery core and the positive and negative terminals of the battery, and has a multiplexer and a core control circuit; a management detection circuit, and the input side is electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the lithium battery core And the battery positive and negative terminals, the output side is connected to the multiplexer and the core control circuit; and the management detection circuit synthesizes the signal input according to the lithium battery cell voltage and the DC/DC converter output internal reference voltage and the set output load current indicating voltage The multiplexer and the core control circuit enable the positive and negative terminals of the battery to react to the lithium battery cell voltage. The battery charge and discharge management system of claim 7, wherein the DC/DC converter further includes a digital voltage regulator switch and a control switch SW1, and the management detection circuit comprises: a first voltage current buffer amplifier, electrically connected Lithium battery cell and multiplexer and core control circuit; a second voltage current buffer amplifier, electrical connection pool output positive and negative terminals and multiplexer and core control circuit; a charging error amplifier, comparing lithium battery cell voltage and The lithium battery core can allow the maximum voltage difference to amplify the input multiplexer and the core control circuit; a power indicating voltage equalizer, the input is electrically connected to the first voltage current buffer amplifier, the output is connected to a switch SW1, and the output generates a detection current; a discharge reference power synthesizer, connected to the switch SW1, the switch SW1 is controlled by the multiplexer and the core control circuit, and is connected with the power indicating voltage equalizer and the discharge reference power synthesizer to generate a power synthesis signal; A discharge error amplifier, the input side is connected to the second voltage current buffer amplifier and the discharge reference power synthesizer, the output side is connected to the multiplexer and the core control circuit, and the power synthesis signal is input to the multiplexer and the core control circuit. The battery charge and discharge management system of claim 8, wherein the management detection circuit further comprises a discharge current equalizer, the discharge current equalizer electrically connecting the multiplexer and the core control circuit, and the second voltage current buffer amplification The circuit, the discharge reference power synthesizer, and the discharge current equalizer 2 respectively correspond to the set load of the lithium battery core having different low power and low power different magnification, and the multiplexer and the core control circuit are based on the lithium battery core in the non-low battery And when the battery is low, select the corresponding set load to generate different I/O voltage load line slope. The battery charge and discharge management system according to claim 8, wherein the voltage regulator switch of the DC/DC converter has two series mosfet switches M1, M2, two series mosfet switches M3, M4, a multiplexer and a core control circuit, The two correspond to the lithium battery core and the capacitor of the positive and negative terminals of the battery, and a switch SW1. The switches M1 and M2 are electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the lithium battery core respectively, and the switches M3 and M4 are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery output respectively. An inductor is connected between the switches M1 and M2 and between the switches M3 and M4, and the multiplexer and the core control circuit control the M1, M2, M3, and M4 for PWM regulated output operation. A battery charging and discharging management method, wherein a lithium battery core and a DC/DC converter are internally provided to generate an input/output I/O voltage and current, the lithium battery core is in an operating voltage range, and an output I/O current is greater than a power amount. When the voltage output setting current is indicated, the I/O voltage is equal to the internal reference voltage + the electric quantity indicating voltage - the output load current indicating voltage; Wherein the electric quantity indicating voltage=((lithium battery core voltage-lithium battery core minimum voltage) X 1/(lithium battery core saturation voltage-lithium battery core minimum voltage)) X setting range voltage, and the output load current indicating voltage is According to the output one, the voltage corresponding to the output current on the output load is set; and an external detecting device for detecting the lithium battery cell power has the following steps: b1. The battery I/O output current is less than the power indicating voltage output. Set the current, measure the internal reference voltage of the positive and negative terminals of the battery; b2. The external detection device introduces the set load, so that the battery output current is greater than the power indication voltage output setting current, and the measurement voltage is obtained by measuring the positive and negative terminals of the battery. B3. Measuring Voltage - The internal reference voltage obtains the power indicating voltage, which indicates that the voltage is converted to obtain the actual lithium battery cell voltage. A battery charging and discharging management method, wherein a lithium battery core and a DC/DC converter are internally provided to generate an input/output I/O voltage and current, and the battery charging and discharging management method includes the following modes when the lithium battery core is in an operating voltage range; :a1. When the charging action is greater than the setting of the charging high voltage, the overvoltage protection mode is adopted, and the I/O voltage cannot be input into the battery; a2. The charging action voltage is lower than the set charging high voltage, and the charging mode is greater than the minimum chargeable voltage, and the I/O voltage can be Charging the lithium battery cell in the battery; a3.I/O voltage is less than the minimum chargeable voltage, enters the protection mode when the maximum dischargeable voltage is greater, and does not charge and discharge; A4. The I/O voltage is less than the maximum dischargeable voltage. When the battery is larger than the minimum dischargeable voltage, the battery can output a discharge. The I/O voltage includes the internal reference voltage of the DC/DC converter output plus the proportional voltage reduction according to the actual voltage of the lithium battery cell. The power indicating voltage, and the I/O voltage correspondingly sets the output load dynamic load line characteristic; a5. The actual voltage of the lithium battery core is lower than the set low power voltage when the I/O voltage load line offset is amplified; a6.I/O When the voltage is less than 0V, it is a negative voltage protection mode, the battery does not charge and discharge, and the I/O terminal provides a negative current loop to the ground short circuit. The battery charging and discharging management method according to claim 12, wherein the a4 mode is equal to the internal reference when the lithium battery cell voltage is greater than the low battery set value and the output I/O current is greater than the power indicating voltage output setting current. Voltage + electric quantity indicating voltage - output load current indicating voltage; and the electric quantity indicating voltage = ((lithium battery core voltage - lithium battery core minimum voltage) X 1 / (lithium battery core saturation voltage - lithium battery core minimum voltage)) X The range voltage is set, and the output load current indicating voltage is a voltage corresponding to the output current on the output load according to the output setting. The battery charging and discharging management method according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising an external detecting device for detecting the lithium battery cell power, having the following steps: b1. causing the battery I/O output current to be less than the power indicating voltage Output set current, measure the internal reference voltage of the positive and negative terminals of the battery; b2. The external detection device introduces the set load, so that the battery output current is greater than the power indication voltage output setting current, and the measured voltage is obtained by measuring the positive and negative terminals of the battery. B3. Measuring Voltage - The internal reference voltage obtains the power indicating voltage, which indicates that the voltage is converted to obtain the actual lithium battery cell voltage. The battery charging and discharging management method according to claim 12, wherein the output load indicating voltage of the a5 mode is set to a voltage corresponding to an output current on the output load by a multiple of a4 mode to make an I/O voltage load line offset amplification.