TWI660324B - Method for producing electronic contracts certified by a user of a telecommunications operator - Google Patents
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Abstract
一種電子形式的合約的認證方法,其中電信事業經營者透過此事業經營者的一個使用者藉由電子郵件與/或短訊息服務的方式向此電信事業經營者的非客戶的一個使用者認證發送合約,可採用可靠方式對電子郵件或者短訊息服務回應此合約的接受或拒絕而簽名,產生每一時刻的異動的證據,因為電信事業經營者認證了整個程序,這樣此合約可被視為合法遵守的合約。 An electronic form of contract authentication method in which a telecommunications operator authenticates and sends to a user of the telecommunications operator, not a customer, an email and / or short message service through a user of the operator The contract can be signed in a reliable way in response to the acceptance or rejection of this contract by email or short message service, producing evidence of changes at each moment, because the telecommunications operator has certified the entire process, so this contract can be considered legal Compliance contract.
Description
本發明的目的係為一種方法,電信事業經營者能夠將來自此事業經營者的任意發送客戶使用者到此事業經營者的一或若干非客戶接收使用者的電子合約進行接收、重定向、送達與認證接受,產生最終操作的整個異動的證明,最終連同具有簽發日期、初始條件、送達日期與時間以及非客戶接收者對這些條件的回應作為可信賴的事業經營者與第三方的憑證進行數位簽字且送達到客戶發送使用者與非客戶接收者,還產生整個異動的證明記錄。 The object of the present invention is a method for a telecommunications business operator to receive, redirect, and deliver any electronic contract from this business operator to one or more non-customer receiving users of this business operator. Acceptance of certification and certification, resulting in the entire operation of the final operation, together with the date of issue, initial conditions, date and time of delivery, and the response of non-customer recipients to these conditions are digitally verified as credible business operators and third parties Signed and delivered to the customer's sending user and non-customer's recipient, and also generates a record of the entire transaction.
已知對於合法與非法的任何類型的作業而言,電子通訊已經變為一種基本且必需的工具。通訊用於從發報局到收報局的每一類型的移動、發起呼叫、發送訊息等等。 It is known that electronic communication has become a basic and necessary tool for any type of operation, legal and illegal. Communication is used for every type of movement, originating call, sending message, etc. from the sending office to the receiving office.
電信事業經營者提供將大量這些訊務管理、定向且儲存的基本架構。此外,這些電信事業經營者受到無線頻譜的使用或者電話號碼編號資源的使用的限制,因為無線頻譜的使用受限,電話號碼編號資源的使用也受限。 Telecommunications operators provide a basic architecture that manages, directs, and stores a large number of these communications. In addition, these telecommunications operators are restricted by the use of wireless spectrum or the use of telephone number numbering resources because the use of wireless spectrum is limited and the use of telephone numbering resources is also limited.
另外,出於評級、保持與使用者相關的號碼的記錄、發票 參考以及保持在給使用者的發票中使用的任意異動資料的記錄的目的以外,電信事業經營者保持使用者執行的作業的記錄。這些記錄被保留以用於後續評級的鑑定與/或追蹤使用者的訊務。 In addition, for the purpose of rating, maintaining records and invoices related to users The telecommunications operator keeps a record of the work performed by the user for the purpose of referring to and keeping records of any transactional data used in the invoice to the user. These records are retained for identification of subsequent ratings and / or tracking of user transactions.
某些時候,司法機關要求電信事業經營者提供完成的電子異動(electronic transactions)的記錄資料以及可幫助判定完成利益行為的自然人或法人的任意資料,這是因為事業經營者被視為可信賴的提供這些資料的第三方。 In some cases, the judiciary requires telecommunications operators to provide records of completed electronic transactions and arbitrary information of natural or legal persons that can help determine the completion of interests, because business operators are considered to be trustworthy Third parties that provide this information.
一旦司法機關已經定位了所要求的資料,事業經營者則發出一個憑證(certificate),其中明確描述了所要求的異動資料、頻率、收報局以及相關司法機關所要求的任意其他類型的資訊。 Once the judiciary has located the required information, the business operator issues a certificate that clearly describes the required transaction data, frequency, receiving bureau, and any other type of information required by the relevant judiciary.
當任意一方向電信事業經營者請求且作為證據呈現時,這套方法近來已經被最高法院(ATS 2501/2013,西班牙最高法院,民事法庭)接收作為證據。 This method has recently been accepted as evidence by the Supreme Court (ATS 2501/2013, Supreme Court of Spain, Civil Court) when requested by any telecommunication operator and presented as evidence.
本領域已知用於建立線上合約的幾種方法與系統,大多數係基於合約方發送一個鏈結到可信賴的第三方所監視的網路環境,其中可儲存幾種類型的簽名,以及其中合約方接受產品或者服務供應商的條件。這些方法論的缺點在於在封閉的網路環境中無效,避免對於不具有網路存取的人員有效,要求數位簽名或者其簽名的爪哇(java)應用限制了應用環境,以及通常暗示了使用者的環境的突然變化,這並非本發明所述方法的情況。 Several methods and systems for establishing online contracts are known in the art, most of which are based on the contracting party sending a link to a network environment monitored by a trusted third party, where several types of signatures can be stored, and where The contracting party accepts the conditions of the product or service provider. The disadvantages of these methodologies are that they are not effective in a closed network environment, avoiding being effective for people who do not have network access, Java applications that require digital signatures or their signatures limit the application environment, and generally imply the user ’s Sudden changes in the environment, which is not the case with the method according to the invention.
本案的發明目的提供了上述缺點的解決辦法,藉由電信事業經營者發送的認證的電子郵件與/或認證的短訊息服務(SMS)完成整 個程序,產生兩方之間的認證的電子合約,由可信賴的第三方的電信事業經營者發起,包含資料傳輸、發送資料、附件、單個記錄數字與資料,以及來自傳輸的中間產物與最終狀態的其他資料。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution to the above disadvantages. The certification email and / or certified short message service (SMS) sent by the telecommunications operator completes the integration. This procedure generates a certified electronic contract between the two parties. It is initiated by a trusted third-party telecommunications operator, including data transmission, sending information, attachments, individual recorded numbers and information, and intermediate products and final results from transmission. Additional information about the status.
依照上述內容,本發明的目的在於一種由電信事業經營者藉由電子郵件與/或SMS的方式產生認證的電子合約的方法,依照這種方式,合約條件被送到非客戶的第三方,事業經營者客戶接收一個證書,藉由郵件或者SMS被應答,其中包含回應內容、日期、時間與其可追溯性,增加單個異動數字。 According to the above, the object of the present invention is a method for generating a certified electronic contract by a telecommunications operator through email and / or SMS. According to this method, the contract conditions are sent to a third party that is not a customer. The operator client receives a certificate and is responded by email or SMS, which contains the response content, date, time and its traceability, and adds a single transaction number.
本發明的由電信事業經營者產生認證的電子合約的方法的特徵在於包含以下步驟,以及在於結合了互相連接的至少一個入局郵件伺服器、出局郵件伺服器、出局元件伺服器的資料庫、入局元件伺服器的資料庫、時間戳伺服器、入局SMS伺服器、出局SMS伺服器以及資料處理單元作為認證伺服器:- 在事業經營者的客戶使用者發送的入局訊息的郵件伺服器中,接收到寄往之前準備的cliente@contrato.lleida.net類型的地址的合約條件。在訊息的主題或者題目中,應該放置有非客戶收報局行動號碼、空間、非客戶收報局郵件地址以及最後的訊息的一般主題或題目;- 檢查使用者被授權,具有產生合約的信用,然後在正文資料庫與接收的元件中進行引入與記錄;- 在資料處理單元中,以從cliente@contrato.lleida.net地址發送的郵件格式開始電子合約,附加有事業經營者的的客戶所發送的內容,在郵件的主 題或者題目中特別引入認證的電子合約;- 驗證初始的電話號碼及其是否存在,認證的SMS發送合約到此號碼;- 經由出局電子郵件伺服器發送包含合約資料的具有合約的郵件;-非客戶接收者透過對SMS或者電子郵件的包含回應的應答接受此合約;- 非客戶收報局接受此回應;- 最終產生認證的郵件合約,包含發送、接收、日期與發佈次數及接受的資料,以及電信事業經營者的數位簽名與時間戳的應用;- 透過郵件伺服器發送憑證到發件發送者。 The method for generating an authenticated electronic contract by a telecommunications operator of the present invention is characterized by including the following steps, and a database that combines at least one incoming mail server, outgoing mail server, outgoing component server, and incoming call that are interconnected with each other. Component server database, timestamp server, incoming SMS server, outgoing SMS server, and data processing unit as authentication servers:-Received in the mail server of incoming messages sent by customer users of business operators The contract conditions to the cliente@contrato.lleida.net type address prepared before. In the subject or subject of the message, there should be a non-customer receiving office action number, space, non-client receiving office email address, and the general subject or topic of the final message;-check that the user is authorized, has the credit to generate the contract, and then Import and record in the text database and received components;-In the data processing unit, start the electronic contract in the mail format sent from cliente@contrato.lleida.net address, with the information sent by the customer of the business operator attached Content, specially introduce the certified electronic contract in the subject or subject of the email ;-verify the initial phone number and its existence, the certified SMS sends the contract to this number;-sends the contract with the contract information containing the contract information via the outgoing email server -The non-customer receiver accepts this contract through a response to the SMS or email containing the response;-the non-customer receiving office accepts this response;-the mail contract that ultimately produces a certification, including the send, receive, date and number of releases and Information received, as well as digital signatures and timestamps of telecommunications operators Application;-Send credentials to sender via mail server.
如上所述,本發明的方法目的同樣提供了優點,內容可藉由電子郵件被發送或者指定,環境的變化則不必要,以及藉由電信事業經營者產生發送、接收與接受內容的證據。 As mentioned above, the purpose of the method of the present invention also provides advantages in that content can be sent or specified by e-mail, changes in the environment are not necessary, and the telecommunications operator generates evidence to send, receive, and receive content.
第1圖表示本發明的方法目的的代表性實施例的用於開始產生一個認證的郵件合約的流程示意圖。 FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a representative embodiment of the method purpose of the present invention for starting to generate an authenticated mail contract.
第2圖表示本發明的方法目的的代表性實施例的藉由認證的SMS與郵件用於發送請求與接受回應,特別是表示SMS程序的流程示意圖。 FIG. 2 shows a representative embodiment of the method purpose of the present invention. Authenticated SMS and mail are used to send requests and receive responses, and particularly show the flow chart of the SMS program.
第3圖表示本發明的方法目的的代表性實施例的用於透過郵件發送請求與接受回應以及建立、發送與送達經認證的電子合約的流程示意圖。 FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart showing a representative embodiment of the method purpose of the present invention for sending a request and receiving a response by mail and establishing, sending, and delivering a certified electronic contract.
第4圖表示本發明的方法目的的代表性實施例的藉由電子郵件發送請求且接受回應,以及在程序中未使用SMS的情況下建立、發送與接收 認證的電子合約的流程示意圖。 Fig. 4 shows a representative embodiment of the method purpose of the present invention by sending a request and receiving a response by e-mail, and establishing, sending, and receiving without using SMS in the program Schematic diagram of a certified electronic contract.
第5圖本發明的方法目的的代表性實施例中在並非是電信事業經營者的有效使用者或者客戶的收報局使用者中未收到回應的情況下的流程示意圖。 FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a case where a representative embodiment of the method purpose of the present invention does not receive a response from a user who is not a valid user of a telecommunications business operator or a user of a customer's receiving office.
結合第1圖、第2圖、第3圖與第4圖,其中一系列示意圖表示本發明的方法目的,藉由電信事業經營者的客戶建立認證的電子合約的方法包含以下全部過程,從發送使用者發送電子訊息,到藉由相同的發送者與接受者或收報人接受認證的電子合約。 Combining Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4, where a series of schematic diagrams illustrate the purpose of the method of the present invention, a method for establishing a certified electronic contract by a customer of a telecommunications operator includes all of the following processes, starting with sending The user sends an electronic message to an electronic contract that is authenticated by the same sender and recipient or recipient.
電信事業經營者的發送使用者客戶將具有合約的電子訊息發送,以接受與認證入局郵件伺服器所管理的一個收報局地址,這種地址的形式為cliente@contrato.lleida.net。這種訊息為標準的電子郵件,但是採用至少一個以下內容作為訊息資料的主題或題目的形式:合約所發送地址的收報局的行動號碼,合約的電子郵件地址以及最終的主題正文。 The telecom operator's sending user customer will send an electronic message with a contract to accept and authenticate an incoming mail address managed by the incoming mail server. This address is in the form cliente@contrato.lleida.net. This message is a standard e-mail, but takes the form of at least one of the following as the subject or subject of the message: the action number of the receiving office at the address to which the contract was sent, the contract's e-mail address, and the final subject text.
當訊息到達入局郵件伺服器時,驗證是否為應該產生合約的郵件地址。如果未被配置為如此,則被忽略。如果為能夠產生認證的電子合約的地址,然後則驗證是否發送者使用者是否被授權,即是否位於允許產生憑證的憑證白列表(whitelisting)中。如果不在此列表中,則忽略此郵件。 When the message reaches the incoming mail server, verify that it is the email address that should generate the contract. Ignored if not configured to do so. If it is the address of an electronic contract capable of generating authentication, then it is verified whether the sender user is authorized, that is, whether it is in a whitelisting of vouchers that are allowed to generate vouchers. If not on this list, ignore this message.
一旦已經驗證地址正確且可授權,發送者可產生憑證,進行客戶使用者的信用的可用性的驗證。如果使用者未累積足夠的信用以產生合約時,則透過網際網路發佈警告,通知使用者必須補注服務(充值)。 Once the address has been verified to be correct and authoritative, the sender can generate credentials to verify the availability of the credit of the customer user. If the user does not accumulate enough credit to generate a contract, a warning is issued via the Internet informing the user that the service must be refilled (top-up).
如果使用者具有所謂有效狀態,例如具有足夠的信用,則透過在全部組件中分配內部訊息開始認證郵件的程序,增加發送者、接收者、收報局電話、附件與序號(serial number),將一切放到入局元件的資料庫中。 If the user has a so-called valid status, for example, has enough credit, then the process of authenticating the mail is started by allocating internal messages in all components, adding the sender, receiver, receiving office telephone, attachment and serial number, and everything Put in the database of incoming components.
此後,全部資料被發送給認證伺服器,此認證伺服器用於驗證合約請求中是否提供了電話號碼。如果未提供電話號碼,然後此程序則向前移動到第4圖所述的程序,其中此程序僅僅透過電子郵件進行。如果主題或題目中包含稱為收報局電話號碼的資料,則完成第2圖中詳細描述的程序。 After that, all the information is sent to the authentication server, which is used to verify whether the phone number is provided in the contract request. If no phone number is provided, then the procedure moves forward to the procedure described in Figure 4, where the procedure is performed only by email. If the subject or topic contains information called the telephone number of the receiving office, complete the procedure detailed in Figure 2.
如果主題中包含電話,則建立電子郵件訊息,其中包含易於辨識的內容,例如從cliente@contratos.server.com類型的發送者透過使用者所發送的被寄往主題中包含的地址的郵件中以待被接受的合約正文,以及產生認證的SMS,表示此電話將要接收具有條件的合約,以及假若收報人(addressee)有興趣接受時,然後藉由SMS或者藉由電子郵件的積極回應則應該足以。SMS與電子郵件的程序可同時,或者可首先郵件然後SMS,取決於市場條件、網路或者客戶需求。 If the subject contains a phone call, create an e-mail message that contains easily identifiable content, such as from a message sent by a client of type cliente@contratos.server.com via the user and sent to the address contained in the subject. The text of the contract to be accepted, as well as the SMS that generated the certification, indicates that the phone will receive a conditional contract, and if the addressee is interested in accepting it, then a positive response via SMS or via email should be sufficient . The SMS and e-mail programs can be simultaneous, or they can be mailed first and then SMSed, depending on market conditions, network or customer needs.
這種SMS被發送到電信事業經營者的出局SMS伺服器,這樣透過互相連接的網路,則到達收報人事業經營者的SMS伺服器,以及可被送達到合約接收者的收報局行動電話。這種SMS可應答或者不應答。用任何正文應答的情況下,此訊息到達行動電話事業經營者的收報局伺服器,且透過互相連接的網路被定向到事業經營者的入局訊息伺服器。一旦到達,將進入認證伺服器,認證伺服器將依照判定政策決定產生認證電子合約的時刻。 This SMS is sent to the outbound SMS server of the telecommunications operator, so that through the interconnected network, it reaches the SMS server of the recipient operator, and the receiving office mobile phone that can be delivered to the contract recipient. This SMS may or may not respond. In the case of replying with any text, this message reaches the receiving office server of the mobile phone business operator, and is directed to the incoming information server of the business operator through the interconnected network. Once it arrives, it will enter the authentication server, and the authentication server will decide the time when the authentication electronic contract is generated according to the judgment policy.
在郵件程序中,被發送到電信事業經營者的出端SMS伺服器,以及確定是否在收報局郵件中此郵件是否可被送達。如果無法被送達,則下一步驟為第5圖所詳細描述的NOEX過程。 In the mail program, the outgoing SMS server is sent to the telecommunications operator, and it is determined whether the mail can be delivered in the receiving office mail. If it cannot be delivered, the next step is the NOEX process described in detail in Figure 5.
郵件可在某些條件下被送達的情況下,被使用者讀取且被應答,此回應則透過合約接收者的郵件伺服器被發送,此郵件伺服器將其發送到事業經營者的入局郵件伺服器,依序將其發送到認證伺服器。 The mail can be read and answered by the user under certain conditions. This response is sent through the mail server of the contract recipient, which sends it to the incoming mail of the business operator. Servers, which are sent to the authentication server in order.
一旦從使用者接收到回應,則認證伺服器分配此回應資料且將其引入應答資料庫中。接下來,利用全部收報局事業經營者客戶資料、日期、時間、請求與事業經營者客戶發送的內容,加上儲存請求的資料庫中先前儲存的訊息訊務期間獲得的資料,認證伺服器產生憑證的第一部份。 Once a response is received from the user, the authentication server distributes this response data and introduces it into the response database. Next, the authentication server generates the information from all the receiving bureau business operator customer information, date, time, request and content sent by the business operator customer, plus the information obtained during the message transaction period previously stored in the request storage database, and the authentication server generates The first part of the certificate.
然後,利用應答資料庫中包含的資料,利用使用者的應答產生第二部份。這種經過認證的電子合約被保留為PDF格式,且使用事業經營者操作者的的電子簽名被數位簽字。一旦完成這個,則進行此內容的數位散列總和(HASH sum)以及向時間戳機構(TSA)伺服器要求時間戳,將其結合到產生的PDF中,由此利用認證的電子合約結束PDF合約的建立。 Then, using the data contained in the response database, the user's response is used to generate the second part. This certified electronic contract is kept in PDF format and digitally signed using the electronic signature of the operator of the business operator. Once this is done, perform a digital hash sum of this content (HASH sum) and request a timestamp from a timestamp agency (TSA) server, incorporate it into the generated PDF, thereby ending the PDF contract with a certified electronic contract Of the establishment.
這種認證的電子合約的兩份拷貝最終透過事業經營者的出局郵件伺服器使用各自的郵件伺服器被發送到合約發送者與合約接收者。 Two copies of this certified electronic contract are eventually sent to the contract sender and contract receiver via the business operator's outbound mail server using their respective mail servers.
如果來自電信事業經營者使用者的合約請求在電子郵件主題或者題目中未包含電話,則使用第4圖的流程示意圖中描述的程序。 If the contract request from a telecommunications operator user does not include a phone in the subject or subject of the email, use the procedure described in the flow diagram in Figure 4.
一旦被接收且被驗證提供了信用,則利用郵件中包含的正文產生郵件合約,被寄往郵件的主題中之前包含的地址,將其發送到事業經營者的出端電子伺服器。出端電子伺服器處理郵件,以及將它們發送到 收報局地址的郵件伺服器。在未被送達的情況下,出局郵件伺服器將開始NOEX程序,或者郵件地址不存在的程序。第5圖的示意圖中將描述NOEX程序。 Once received and verified to provide credit, an email contract is generated using the text contained in the email, and sent to the address previously included in the subject of the email and sent to the originating electronic server of the business operator. Outbound electronic server processes mail and sends them to Mail server for receiving office address. If it is not delivered, the outgoing mail server will start the NOEX process, or the process where the mail address does not exist. The NOEX program will be described in the schematic diagram of FIG. 5.
具有發送者cliente@contratos.operador.com的郵件與合約被送達收報局伺服器,將其送達電信事業經營者的非客戶收報人使用者。如果最終的收報局未在期望產生合約的客戶所判定的週期內給出回應,通常這個週期為24至48小時,則開始第5圖描述的所謂NORESPMAIL的程序。 Mail and contracts with the sender cliente@contratos.operador.com are delivered to the server of the receiving office and are delivered to non-customer receiver users of the telecommunications operator. If the final receiving bureau does not give a response within the period determined by the customer who expects to generate a contract, usually this period is 24 to 48 hours, then the so-called NORESPMAIL procedure described in Figure 5 is started.
如果事業經營者的非客戶收報局收報人對合約給出了回應,則回應被送達到收報局郵件的郵件伺服器,將其發送到事業經營者的入局郵件伺服器。一旦到達,則入局郵件伺服器確定其為認證的電子合約,然後將其發送到認證伺服器。 If the business operator's non-customer's receiving office responds to the contract, the response is sent to the mail server of the receiving office's mail, and it is sent to the business operator's incoming mail server. Once it arrives, the incoming mail server determines that it is a certified electronic contract and then sends it to the authentication server.
認證伺服器將回應分配到其全部元件中,以及將它們引入回應或者入局元件資料庫。一旦完成,認證伺服器開始最終程序,首先用出局元件或者請求資料庫中的材料內容建立認證的電子合約,其中材料內容包含名字與公司名稱以及送達初始郵件的時間、日期與收報局。 The authentication server assigns responses to all of its components and introduces them into the response or incoming component database. Once completed, the authentication server starts the final process. First, the authentication electronic contract is established with the outgoing components or the material content in the request database, where the material content includes the name and company name, and the time, date and receipt of the initial mail.
一旦透過做出請求實現第一部份,則第二部份繼續進行對來自入局元件的資料庫的請求的回應或其他回應,包含事業經營者的非客戶來源收報局地址、應答的日期、時間與正文以及IP可追溯性,其中訊息已經透過IP可追溯性被接收。 Once the first part is achieved by making a request, the second part continues to respond to the request from the database of incoming components or other responses, including the address of the receiving office of the non-customer source of the business operator, the date and time of the response With text and IP traceability, where messages have been received through IP traceability.
一旦藉由請求與回應完成合約,則合約被數位簽名且實現數位總數散列,數位總和散列被發送到時間戳伺服器以被包含於憑證中。一旦利用由電信事業經營者與第三方時間戳的數位簽名認證且簽名的合約建立 PDF文檔,則一份拷貝經由電子郵件被發送到事業經營者的出端伺服器到電信事業經營者的客戶,透過其電子郵件伺服器被送達;以及另一份拷貝透過其電子郵件伺服器被傳送到收報人到接收者,考慮到這個程序,完成本發明的目的。 Once the contract is completed by request and response, the contract is digitally signed and the total number of digits is hashed. The total number of digits is sent to the time stamp server for inclusion in the certificate. Once a signed and signed contract is established using a digital signature timestamped by the telecommunications operator with a third party PDF file, one copy is sent via email to the operator ’s outbound server to the telecommunications operator ’s customer and is served through their email server; and another copy is sent through their email server Transmission to the receiver to the receiver, taking this procedure into consideration, accomplishes the object of the present invention.
第5圖的示意圖中,詳細描述了當事業經營者未接收到對事業經營者的初始電子郵件的回應時,NOEX或者不存在或者NORESPMAIL情況下的程序。這種情況下,認證伺服器利用初始資料由電信事業經營者產生一個憑證,表示或者不存在收報局,或者沒有回應。這個證書被發送到事業經營者客戶的郵件伺服器,最終被傳送到客戶使用者。 The diagram in Figure 5 details the procedure when NOEX is not present or NORESPMAIL when the business operator does not receive a response to the initial email of the business operator. In this case, the authentication server uses the initial data to generate a certificate from the telecommunications operator, indicating that either there is no receiving office or no response. This certificate is sent to the mail server of the business operator's client, and finally to the client user.
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| TW200421815A (en) * | 2002-12-21 | 2004-10-16 | Ibm | Methods, apparatus and computer programs for generating and/or using conditional electronic signatures and/or for reporting status changes |
| TW201040778A (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-16 | Ji Jun Information Service Co Ltd | Safety transmission system for portable electronic document |
| US20140222695A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2014-08-07 | I-On Communications Co., Ltd. | Integrated authentication system using electronic contract |
| TW201500955A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-01-01 | Taiwan Ca Inc | System for validating electronic insurance policy with certificate and method thereof |
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| TW200421815A (en) * | 2002-12-21 | 2004-10-16 | Ibm | Methods, apparatus and computer programs for generating and/or using conditional electronic signatures and/or for reporting status changes |
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| US20140222695A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2014-08-07 | I-On Communications Co., Ltd. | Integrated authentication system using electronic contract |
| TW201500955A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-01-01 | Taiwan Ca Inc | System for validating electronic insurance policy with certificate and method thereof |
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