[go: up one dir, main page]

TWI652374B - 雙極電解池及電解過程執行方法 - Google Patents

雙極電解池及電解過程執行方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TWI652374B
TWI652374B TW103138628A TW103138628A TWI652374B TW I652374 B TWI652374 B TW I652374B TW 103138628 A TW103138628 A TW 103138628A TW 103138628 A TW103138628 A TW 103138628A TW I652374 B TWI652374 B TW I652374B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
electrode
pair
electrolytic cell
electrodes
gap
Prior art date
Application number
TW103138628A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
TW201522715A (zh
Inventor
瑪里亞佳拉 班尼迪託
Original Assignee
義商第諾拉工業公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 義商第諾拉工業公司 filed Critical 義商第諾拉工業公司
Publication of TW201522715A publication Critical patent/TW201522715A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI652374B publication Critical patent/TWI652374B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
    • C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/036—Bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
    • C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
    • C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • C25B11/081—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the element being a noble metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46128—Bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
    • C02F2001/46142—Catalytic coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
    • C02F2001/46147—Diamond coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
    • C02F2001/46171—Cylindrical or tubular shaped
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/4615—Time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4616—Power supply

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

本發明係關於雙極電解池，尤指可用於電化學製程，以週期性極性反轉進行。電解池裝設一系列同心電極對，最內對和最外對連接到直流發電機，而中間對做為雙極電極。不同的電極對之配置和連接方式，使得在各製程階段，總陰極面積等於陽極面積。

Description

雙極電解池及電解過程執行方法
本發明係關於一種雙極式電化電池，以及在其內進行電解製程之方法。
本發明係關於一種雙極式電解電池，適於以週期性極性反轉進行電化學製程。電化電池之週期性極性反轉，即各電極以預設時距輪流當做陽極和陰極作業，是技術上已知措施，特別可防止電極之一(通常為陰極)的表面各種結垢。上述例為電解稀鹼性鹽水所用電池之典型情況。在陽極製成活性氯(即次氯酸鹽和次氯酸之混合物，可能帶有微量溶入游離氯和其他物種，在平衡狀態)：特殊情況為，從自來水獲得鹽水，含碳酸鹽和相似行為之其他陰極子，陰極成為碳酸鹽和其他不溶性鹽類優先澱積所在，為就近製程誘發鹼化作用所偏愛。此等澱積物會負面影響到電極的電流傳輸，其電氣效率不免隨時間而降等。電流方向亦即電極極性之週期性反轉，使得表面以陰極方式作業半週期，即反轉而開始成為陽極功能，受到局部酸化，有利於先前所形成沉澱物溶解。有時經週期性電流反轉之其他電解製程，有例如含有機物之廢水處理，在陽極降等，而傾向在陰極形成各種澱積物，或是從電解浴在陰極澱積金屬，同時進行陽極降解有機物，用來處理兩類物種均呈現雜質存在之水。在此等情況下，陽極也往往會沉積污染膜，包含有機殘渣，在電極表面有寡聚合的傾向，有時在後續陰極週期中可利用機械式或初生態氫之化學作用而除去。為保留操作規則性和維持所需製程常數之操作參數，在電池內安裝之電極注定要輪替作為陽極和陰極操作，除隔離一定間隙外，以同樣尺寸為佳，故可保持所供應電流和操作電壓一定(符號變化除外)。此暗示為此型製程之電池設計，主要限於平面型幾何形狀，易言之，構想使用面對面之平面電極對。然而，在許多情況，如此會構成不良之限制，涉及某些負面結果。在許多情況， 此種製程事實上是以小尺寸單位進行，其情況一如製造活性氯，供醫院、旅舘或家庭用水消毒，或從珠寶廢水回收貴金屬。對此類應用，重點在盡量限制容量，選擇共軸式同心型電池設計，例如圓筒形電池，具有陰極外壁和中心陽極。此優點是，除較佳利用可用容量外，改進電流傳輸，減少邊際效應，已知在平面幾何形狀上會較重，以小型整體電極面積言，更具相關性。共軸式同心型電池，不論圓筒形或稜鏡形，其特徵為具有外部電極，尺寸比內部電極大，更難操作週期性電流反轉。保持上下週期間事實上電流強度，因此所需物種生產量一定，則相對應電極面積變化，必然致使電流密度和製程電壓相對應變化；另方面，若決定以一定電壓操作，則電流強度和因此生產率，會在相當於二不同電極面積之二數值間振盪，難符工業製程之常態需要。
所以，亟需提供同心電極幾何形狀之電解池，具有一定之電極間隙，以及與陽極面積一致之陰極面積。
本發明各種要旨如附帶申請專利範圍所設定。
本發明之一要旨係關於雙極電解池，以外部本體為界，在其內部涵蓋：外部電極對，分成二電極，在邊緣利用絕緣元件分開，注定輪替以其一為陰極，另一為陽極，並顛倒過來；與其同心之至少一中間電極，隔以通常一定寬度之第一間隙，也分成二電極，在邊緣利用絕緣元件分開，並未直接供應電流，而是旨在做為雙極元件操作；與前二者同心之內部電極對，與中間電極對，隔以通常一定寬度之第二間隙；內部電極對係分成二電極，在邊緣利用絕緣元件分開，注定輪替以其一為陰極，另一為陽極，並顛倒過來，成對之二電極各面向中間電極對的二電極之一；外部電極對的電極之一與未朝向中間電極對的電極，從而朝向電池極之一的內部電極對相對應電極呈電氣連接之機構；二內部和外部電極對之其餘電極對電池另一極呈電氣連接之機構。
在一具體例中，外部電池本體呈長形，而電極對呈稜鏡或圓 筒形。
在另一具體例中，外部電池本體和電極對呈楔形。
在一具體例中，有更多中間電極對，適於做為雙極元件操作，以提高電池生產性。
在如此構造之電池中，陽極面積和陰極面積相當於外部電極半對和內部電極半對的面積合計：電極極性反轉時，陽極和陰極面積之數值不變。
在一具體例中，電池本體和電極對二者都呈稜鏡形或圓筒形。宜例如把圓筒形電池本體與也是圓筒形的電極對聯結，把未參加電解反應的電池容量減到最少。在一具體例中，二同心電極對與電池本體共軸。其優點也是把未參加電解反應的電池容量減到最少。在一具體例中，電池之全部電極均鈦或其他閥金屬製成，塗佈催化性組成物，含一種或多種組成物，選自鉑群組，諸如鉑金屬、或鉑、釕或銥之氧化物。在一具體例中，上述催化性組成物亦含能夠有利於精密保護膜成長之氧化物，例如鈦、鉭、鈮或錫之氧化物。在本說明書文脈內，鈦或其他閥金屬製之電極一辭，用來指從鈦或其他閥金屬(諸如鈮、鉭或鋯)開始製得之電極，不論是純或是不同之合金。
在一變化具體例中，電池之全部電極均由導電性金剛石製成，例如摻硼金剛石，不論是塊狀或是承載於適當導電性基材，例如鈮或其他閥金屬。
特定材料之優點是，對極大多數已知陽極應用，可以最佳方式作業，涉及釋出陽極生成物，諸如氯、氧、臭氧或過氧化物，同時保證做為陰極之正確功能。
在一具體例中，第一和第二間隙具有通常一定寬度，個別在1至20mm之間，視各製程需要而定，為技術人員所熟知。
本發明另一要旨係關於電解製程之執行方法，包括把製程電解質加料到上述電解池之間隙內，對電池極供應直流電，按預設間距，例如每1-120分鐘，變化供應電流方向。在一具體例中，本發明電解製程包含鹽溶液之電解，生產活性氯。在一變化具體例中，本發明電解製程包含廢水處理，降解有機物質。在又一具體例中，本發明電解製程包含陰極電極 沉積以回收金屬，視情形同時降解有機物種。
茲參見附圖說明本發明具體化之若干實施方式，其唯一目的在於說明不同元件相對於本發明該特殊實施方式之彼此相關配置；具體而言，附圖不一定按比例繪製。
100‧‧‧電解池圓筒形本體
101‧‧‧絕緣元件
102,112‧‧‧間隙
103,104‧‧‧電解池本體區域
200‧‧‧直接電源
300‧‧‧電源之一極
301‧‧‧內部對電極
302‧‧‧外部對電極
400‧‧‧電源另一極
401‧‧‧內部對其他電極
402‧‧‧外部對其他電極
501,502‧‧‧電極
第1圖為本發明電池一具體例之斷面俯視圖，包括圓筒形本體和稜鏡形電極對；第2圖為本發明電池一具體例之斷面俯視圖，包括圓筒形本體和圓筒形電極對。
第1圖表示本發明一具體例之俯視斷面圖，包含電池，以圓筒形本體100為界，其內部罩覆三個平行六面體電極對，即內部對包含電極301和401，在邊緣利用絕緣元件101分開，中間對包含電極501和502，而外部對與內部對共軸，包含電極302和402；中間對和外部對也在邊緣利用等效絕緣元件101分開。絕緣元件101保持電極在固定位置，以防其短路：元件101除進行此等功能外，避免電流集中到各電極對之面向邊緣。因此，元件101必須有適當維度：本發明人等發現對大部份測試用途，宜定元件101維度，使各電極對之面向邊緣間距離，至少等於個別間隙102和112之寬度。電極402和501彼此面對面，正如電極302和502，以界定第一間隙102，除了角隅區域外，通常為一定寬度。
同理，電極302和501彼此面對，正如電極401和502，以界定第二間隙112，除角隅區域外，通常為一定寬度。
內部對之電極301和外部對之電極302，未面對雙極電極501，從而面對同樣電極301者，連接至直接電源200之一極300，具有機構，以預設時距反轉電流方向；同理，內部對之另一電極401和外部對之另一電極402，係連接至直接電源200之另一極400。電池本體在二相鄰間隙102和112外之區域103和104，充填絕緣材料，把製程電解質侷限在構成反應區之該間隙內。電池可從圓筒形本體100在相反側有出口之終端部份加料，並視情形以連續模態操作，電解質單次通過，或以分批模態為之。
第2圖表示本發明類似具體例之俯視斷面圖，與前例電極對之圓筒形不同。其優點是保持間隙102和112寬度一定，除取消角隅區域外，把活性電極表面對總電池容積比最大化。
本發明人等所得最重大之若干結果，如以下實施例，本發明範圍不限於此。
實施例
電池相當於第2圖具體例所示，惟安裝二中間對之雙極電極，從相對間隙加料鹽水溶液，係含NaCl 19g/l的自來水所製備。電池裝設60mm直徑之外部電極對、30mm直徑之內部電極對，以及分別為50mm和40mm直徑之中間雙極電極對，界定寬度大約4mm之間隙。全部電極對之高度為50mm。諸對之全部電極均由鈦片組成，在朝向間隙之側面，按照先前技術，以釕、鈀和鈦之氧化物之混合物活化。總反應容量相當於二間隙之容量，為32.5ml。供應總電流5A，相對於在內部電極對上之電流密度約1kA/m2，而在外部電極對上為0.5kA/m2，每180秒反轉電流流動方向時，可製造2700ppm活性氯，在分批週期系列過程中效率恒常為66%，每次持續60分鐘。
施加總電流10A重複測試，始終以60分鐘分批週期操作，每180秒電流反轉，結果生產5530ppm活性氯，效率恒常為68%。於此第二次測試時，觀察到pH從起初中性增加到9.6。
前述無意限制本發明，可按照不同具體例使用，無違其範圍，其程度純藉所附申請專利範圍界定。
在本案說明書和申請專利範圍中，「包括」及其變化用語，並不排除其他元件、組件或附加製程步驟存在。
本案說明書提到的文件、規章、材料、裝置、論文等，純提供本發明文脈之目的，並非建議或表示任何或全部事項，形成先前技術基礎之一部份，或是在本案各項申請專利範圍優先權日之前，與本發明攸關領域之一般常識。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種雙極電解池，以長形或橢圓形之外部本體為界，於其內部罩覆有：外部電極對；內部電極對；至少一中間電極對；該外部電極對分成維度相等之第一外部電極和第二外部電極，在邊緣利用第一絕緣元件分開，該內部電極對分成維度相等之第一內部電極和第二內部電極，在邊緣利用第二絕緣元件分開，該至少一中間電極對分成維度相等之第一中間電極和第二中間電極，在邊緣利用第三絕緣元件分開，該內部、外部和中間電極對同心配置，使該第一外部電極和該第一中間電極表面，以及該第二外部電極和該第二中間電極表面，彼此面對以限定第一間隙，該第一中間電極和該第一內部電極表面，以及該第二中間電極和該第二內部電極表面，彼此面對以限定第二間隙，該第一外部電極和該第二中間電極係連接至電池之一極，該第二外部電極和該第一內部電極係連接至電池之對立極者。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電解池，其中該外部、中間和內部電極對，係圓筒形或稜鏡形電極對，罩覆於長形本體內部，或是橢圓形電極對，罩覆於橢圓形本體內部者。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之電解池，其中該外部電極對、該至少一中間電極對和該內部電極對，係與電解池本體共軸者。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項任一項之電解池，其中該第一和第二外部電極、該第一和第二中間電極，以及該第一和第二內部電極，係導電性金剛石製成，呈塊狀或承載形式或鈦，塗佈催化性組成物，含有鉑族之一項或多項元素者。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之電解池，其中該催化性組成物含選自金屬鉑、氧化鉑、氧化釕和氧化銥之至少一組成份，以及選自鈦、鉭、鈮和錫一元素之至少一氧化物者。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電解池，其中該第一間隙該第二間隙具有一定寬度，個別在1至20mm範圍者。
  7. 一種在申請專利範圍第1至6項任一項電解池內電解過程之執行方 法，包括把製程電解質加料至該第一間隙和該至少一第二間隙內，並供應直流電至電解池極，按預設時距改變該直流電方向者。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中該電解過程選自包含鹽溶液之電解，生產活性氯，利用廢水電解，以降解有機物質，和利用陰極電極沉積回收金屬，視情況同時降解有機物種者。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第7或8項之方法，其中該預設時距為期1至120分鐘者。
TW103138628A 2013-12-03 2014-11-07 雙極電解池及電解過程執行方法 TWI652374B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
??MI2013A002015 2013-12-03
IT002015A ITMI20132015A1 (it) 2013-12-03 2013-12-03 Cella elettrolitica dotata di coppie concentriche di elettrodi

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW201522715A TW201522715A (zh) 2015-06-16
TWI652374B true TWI652374B (zh) 2019-03-01

Family

ID=49920461

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW103138628A TWI652374B (zh) 2013-12-03 2014-11-07 雙極電解池及電解過程執行方法

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US10023966B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3077577B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6511053B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102277620B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN105793474B (zh)
AU (1) AU2014359318B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR112016009720B1 (zh)
EA (1) EA030848B1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2663499T3 (zh)
IL (1) IL245083B (zh)
IT (1) ITMI20132015A1 (zh)
MX (1) MX357177B (zh)
TW (1) TWI652374B (zh)
WO (1) WO2015082527A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EA037348B1 (ru) 2015-02-17 2021-03-16 Эвокуа Уотер Текнолоджиз Ллк Ячейка для электрохлорирования, имеющая уменьшенный объем, и способ ее изготовления
IT201600123656A1 (it) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-06 Industrie De Nora Spa Struttura di supporto elettrodica per celle elettrolitiche coassiali
CN108298741B (zh) * 2018-02-06 2020-07-14 中国石油大学(华东) 一种含油污水电絮凝高效净化装置
US11668017B2 (en) 2018-07-30 2023-06-06 Water Star, Inc. Current reversal tolerant multilayer material, method of making the same, use as an electrode, and use in electrochemical processes
EP3864403A1 (en) * 2018-10-12 2021-08-18 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Detection methods for epitachophoresis workflow automation
US11624119B2 (en) * 2020-07-26 2023-04-11 Thomas E Loop Centrifugal molten electrolysis reactor for oxygen, volatiles, and metals extraction from extraterrestrial regolith
US20220195612A1 (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 De Nora Tech, Llc Electrolyser for electrochlorination processes and a self-cleaning electrochlorination system

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101029396A (zh) 2007-03-29 2007-09-05 上海大学 一种铜镍合金(白铜)的防腐蚀方法
WO2011163656A1 (en) 2010-06-25 2011-12-29 Gold Holdings, Llc Method of treating organic material

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2349286C3 (de) * 1973-10-01 1982-11-18 Götz, Friedrich, Dipl.-Phys., 5628 Heiligenhaus Vielfachelektrolysezelle zur Erzeugung eines Gemisches von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff
US3984303A (en) * 1975-07-02 1976-10-05 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Membrane electrolytic cell with concentric electrodes
GB1539521A (en) * 1975-10-08 1979-01-31 Magneto Chemie Bv Electrolytic cells
JPS6263694A (ja) * 1985-09-12 1987-03-20 Permelec Electrode Ltd 内面活性筒状電極及びその製造方法
US5102515A (en) * 1990-07-20 1992-04-07 Ibbott Jack Kenneth Method and apparatus for treating fluid
US5234555A (en) * 1991-02-05 1993-08-10 Ibbott Jack Kenneth Method and apparatus for ionizing fluids utilizing a capacitive effect
JPH06254564A (ja) * 1992-05-25 1994-09-13 Tokyo Risui Kogyo Kk 電解水生成器の電極および電解槽
JP2000093973A (ja) 1998-07-24 2000-04-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 多重円筒状電極を用いた殺菌装置
US6156168A (en) * 1999-03-16 2000-12-05 Paul Kayfetz Electrolytic device
CA2636760A1 (en) * 2006-01-10 2007-07-19 Hydrox Holdings Limited Method and apparatus for producing combustible fluid
TW200840120A (en) * 2007-03-20 2008-10-01 Industrie De Nora Spa Electrochemical cell and method for operating the same
US20090139856A1 (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-06-04 Chiarini Jr Edward Louis Multiple electrode stack and structure for the electrolysis of water
JP3154457U (ja) * 2008-08-29 2009-10-22 洋二 早川 水環境電池を利用した噴霧装置
KR101061227B1 (ko) * 2008-11-27 2011-08-31 최장수 수중 플라즈마 방전을 이용한 수산기 라디칼 수와 수소산소가스 발생장치 및 이를 이용한 시스템
US20110147204A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Green On Demand, LLP (G.O.D.) Apparatus for on demand production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water
DE102010041582A1 (de) * 2010-09-29 2012-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kombiniertes Verfahren zur Desinfektion, Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Schlämmen
WO2013082294A1 (en) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 AquaMost, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating aqueous solutions and contaminants therein
ITMI20121048A1 (it) * 2012-06-18 2013-12-19 Industrie De Nora Spa Cella elettrolitica dotata di coppie concentriche di elettrodi
GB2513368B (en) * 2013-04-25 2016-01-27 Radical Filtration Ltd Process apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101029396A (zh) 2007-03-29 2007-09-05 上海大学 一种铜镍合金(白铜)的防腐蚀方法
WO2011163656A1 (en) 2010-06-25 2011-12-29 Gold Holdings, Llc Method of treating organic material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP6511053B2 (ja) 2019-05-08
EP3077577B1 (en) 2018-02-07
EA030848B1 (ru) 2018-10-31
ES2663499T3 (es) 2018-04-13
EA201691158A1 (ru) 2016-09-30
AU2014359318A1 (en) 2016-05-05
BR112016009720B1 (pt) 2021-10-13
US10023966B2 (en) 2018-07-17
MX2016005653A (es) 2016-08-11
CN105793474A (zh) 2016-07-20
US20160251763A1 (en) 2016-09-01
AU2014359318B2 (en) 2018-08-02
KR20160093650A (ko) 2016-08-08
IL245083B (en) 2019-01-31
ITMI20132015A1 (it) 2015-06-04
JP2017503916A (ja) 2017-02-02
KR102277620B1 (ko) 2021-07-19
EP3077577A1 (en) 2016-10-12
IL245083A0 (en) 2016-06-30
HK1221268A1 (zh) 2017-05-26
BR112016009720A2 (zh) 2017-08-01
CN105793474B (zh) 2017-11-10
WO2015082527A1 (en) 2015-06-11
MX357177B (es) 2018-06-28
TW201522715A (zh) 2015-06-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI652374B (zh) 雙極電解池及電解過程執行方法
KR102132586B1 (ko) 동심 전극 쌍들을 구비한 전해 전지
JP5595213B2 (ja) 殺菌水製造装置および殺菌水の製造方法
CN102892714A (zh) 用于电化学产生次氯酸盐的系统
HK1226784B (zh) 装配有同心电极对的电解电池
HK1226784A1 (zh) 装配有同心电极对的电解电池
HK1221268B (zh) 配备有同轴电极对的电解槽
WO2013064688A2 (en) Process for preparing an electrochemically activated water-based solution