TWI649417B - Method for improving vibration resistance of industrial gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an industrial gear oil composition specially designed to have vibration resistance. The industrial gear oil composition of the present invention provides good performance and / or protection even when the equipment using the composition is subjected to external vibration (including but not limited to vibration during transportation of the equipment). The industrial gear oil composition includes an additive combination that provides unexpectedly good protection against damage caused by vibration.

Description

Method for improving vibration resistance of industrial gear box

The present invention relates to an industrial gear oil composition specially designed to have vibration resistance. The industrial gear oil composition of the present invention provides good performance and / or protection even when the equipment using the composition is subjected to external vibration (including but not limited to vibration during transportation of the equipment). The industrial gear oil composition includes an additive combination that provides unexpectedly good protection against damage caused by vibration.

Industrial gearboxes operating in a manufacturing plant or factory environment are often subjected to vibratory stresses or vibrations originating from nearby or surrounding equipment. The source of this vibration may be other nearby gearboxes, motors, pumps, etc. Industrial gearboxes also suffer from vibrational stress during transportation. Backlash is also a source of vibration for industrial gearboxes.

Many types of industrial gearboxes are not used in mobile equipment but are part of stationary devices. This device (including the industrial gearbox in this device) is usually not designed for mobile use, nor is it capable of withstanding the forces (including vibrations) that occur due to movement. However, almost all such equipment and / or its components must be transported from the place of manufacture to the location where the equipment is to be assembled and / or operated.

During this long period of transportation involving rail and / or road transport, equipment (including industrial gearboxes) is subjected to various forces and stresses (including vibration). It should be noted that this vibration is not caused by the operation of the industrial gearbox itself, but the external vibration that the industrial gearbox often bears when it is in a non-operating state. This is because the internal parts of the industrial gearbox do not move, or at least do not move with their normal operation.

Similarly, industrial gearboxes are usually still surrounded by other equipment even after installation, even when the industrial gearbox itself is not in operation. This surrounding equipment generates various forces and stresses (including vibrations) applied to the industrial gearbox, just like the forces experienced during transportation as described above.

This creates a unique environment for the industrial gearbox to withstand the forces and stresses (including the external vibrations mentioned). However, the industrial gearbox and the industrial gear oil composition inside the industrial gearbox are not specially designed for this. That is, the industrial gearbox and its internal industrial gear oil composition are usually designed according to the operation of the industrial gearbox, the force and stress caused by the operation, and to provide good protection and performance during this operation. The conditions and stresses experienced by industrial gearboxes during non-operational periods (including vibrations experienced during transportation and / or from equipment operating nearby) are generally ignored.

It has been found that this vibration can cause significant wear and early fatigue and / or failure of industrial gearboxes, even when there is a conventional industrial gear oil composition in the industrial gearbox, and the wear and early fatigue caused by this vibration can Shorten the service life of equipment and cause higher equipment maintenance cost and shutdown time.

There is a continuing need to develop improved industrial gear oil compositions that not only provide acceptable performance and protection during operation of industrial gearboxes, but also provide non-operating time during industrial gearboxes subjected to external forces and stresses (including external vibrations) protection.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition designed to provide protection during non-operating time when an industrial gear box is subjected to external forces and stresses (including external vibrations). These industrial gear oil compositions can also provide acceptable performance and protection during operation using industrial gearboxes. The disclosed technology provides an industrial gear oil composition that includes a lubricating viscosity oil, a phosphorus-containing compound, and a sulfurized fatty ester.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound is essentially free or even completely free of phosphate esters and / or amine salts thereof.

The invention provides the industrial gear oil composition, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil includes mineral and / or natural base oil. In some embodiments, the lubricating viscosity oil is essentially free or even completely free of synthetic base oil.

The invention provides the industrial gear oil composition, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil includes a synthetic base oil. In some embodiments, the lubricating viscosity oil is essentially free or even completely free of mineral and / or natural base oils.

The present invention provides the industrial gear oil composition, wherein the phosphorus-containing compound includes alkyl phosphite, phosphate ester, phosphate ester amine salt, or some combination thereof.

The invention further provides the industrial gear oil composition, wherein the phosphorus-containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite or an ester thereof.

The invention provides the industrial gear oil composition, wherein the sulfurized fatty ester includes sulfurized natural oil.

The invention provides the industrial gear oil composition, wherein the sulfurized fatty ester includes sulfurized rapeseed oil.

The present invention provides the industrial gear oil composition, wherein the sulfurized fatty ester further includes more than one additional additive. These additional additives may include sulfurized olefins (other than sulfurized fatty esters), phosphate esters, thiophosphates, phosphorothioate esters and / or their amine salts, thiadiazoles and / or substituted thiadiazoles, tolyltriazoles And / or substituted triazoles, polyethers, alkenylamines and / or polyacrylamides vinylamines, ester copolymers, carboxylic acid esters, dispersants, hydrocarbon polymers, or any of which includes more than one additional additive combination.

In some embodiments, these additional additives are free of antioxidants. In some specific embodiments, these additional additives are free of fatty amines. In some embodiments, these additional additives are free of overly alkalized cleaning agents with a high total alkali number. In some specific embodiments, these additional additives are free of zinc dithiophosphate.

The present invention further provides the industrial gear oil composition, wherein the weight ratio of the phosphorus-containing compound to the sulfurized fatty ester in the industrial gear oil composition is 1:10 to 10: 1. In other specific embodiments, the weight ratio is 1: 1 to 1:10, or 1: 5 to 5: 1, or 1: 1 to 1: 5, or 1: 1 to 1: 3, or even about 1 :2.

The present invention further provides the industrial gear oil composition, wherein the weight of the phosphorus-containing compound is 0.1 to 10 weight percent of the total industrial gear oil composition, and the weight of the sulfurized fatty ester is 0.1 of the total industrial gear oil composition Up to 20 weight percent.

The present invention further provides a method for manufacturing an industrial gear oil composition. The steps include: (1) mixing (a) a lubricating viscosity oil, (b) a phosphorus-containing compound, and (c) a sulfurized fatty ester to produce an industrial gear oil composition Thing. This method can be used to prepare any of the industrial gear oil compositions described herein.

The present invention further provides a method for improving the vibration resistance of an industrial gear oil composition. The steps include: (1) adding (b) a phosphorus-containing compound and (c) a sulfurized fatty ester to an industrial gear oil containing (a) a lubricating viscosity oil Composition to produce an industrial gear oil composition with improved vibration resistance. The method can utilize any of the industrial gear oil compositions described herein.

The present invention further provides a use of an additive kit to improve the vibration resistance of an industrial gear oil composition, wherein the industrial gear oil composition includes (a) a lubricating viscosity oil, and wherein the additive kit includes (b) a phosphorus-containing compound c) Sulfurized fatty esters. This application can utilize any of the industrial gear oil compositions described herein.

The following non-limiting examples illustrate various preferred features and specific embodiments.

The invention provides an industrial gear oil composition, which comprises: (a) a lubricating viscosity oil, (b) a phosphorus-containing compound, and (c) a sulfurized fatty ester.

"Lubricating Viscosity Oil"

The composition of the present invention includes lubricating viscosity oil.

The lubricating viscosity oil may be present in the lubricant composition in a major amount, or in the concentrate and / or additive composition in a concentrate-forming amount. The industrial gear oil composition of the present invention may be a lubricant composition or a concentrate and / or an additive composition.

Suitable oils include natural and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof. In fully formulated lubricants, the lubricating viscosity oil is usually the main amount (ie, an amount greater than 50 weight percent). Generally speaking, lubricating viscosity oil is present in an amount of 75 to 98 weight percent of the total composition, and often greater than 80 weight percent.

Lubricating viscosity oils may include natural and synthetic oils, oils derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation, and hydrorefining, unrefined, refined, and re-refined oils, or mixtures thereof. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from natural or synthetic sources, which are usually not (or rarely) further purified. Refined oil is similar to unrefined oil, except that it has been further processed in one or more purification steps to improve more than one property. Purification techniques are known in the art and include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, leakage, and similar procedures. Re-refined oil is also known as regenerated or re-processed oil, and is obtained by similar procedures to obtain refined oil. Re-refined oil is often treated by techniques related to the removal of consumed additives and oil decomposition products.

Natural oils that can be used as lubricating viscosity oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (such as castor oil, lard), mineral lubricants (such as liquid petroleum, paraffin, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic naphthenic solvent-treated or acid-treated minerals Lubricating oil, and oil derived from coal or oil shale), or mixtures thereof.

Synthetic lubricating viscosity oils include hydrocarbon oils, such as polymerized and interpolyolefins (eg polybutene, polypropylene, propylene isobutylene copolymers); poly (1-hexene), poly (1-octene), poly (1-decene) Ene), and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (e.g. dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, dinonylbenzene, bis (2-ethylhexyl) benzene); polyphenyls (e.g. biphenyl, terphenyl, alkane Polyphenylene); alkylated diphenyl ether and alkylated biphenyl sulfide, and its derivatives, analogs, and homologues, or mixtures thereof. In some specific embodiments, the lubricating viscosity oil used in the present invention is a synthetic oil including polymerized polyisobutylene, and in some specific embodiments, the lubricating viscosity oil used in the present invention is a polymerized polyisobutylene and polyalpha -Olefin synthetic oil.

Another synthetic lubricating viscosity oil includes polyol esters other than the hydrocarbon-terminated polyoxyalkylene polyols disclosed herein, dicarboxylic acid esters, and liquid esters containing phosphoric acid (such as tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, With diethyl decylphosphonate), or polymerized tetrahydrofuran. The conventional synthetic lubricating viscosity oils also include those manufactured by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, and can generally be hydroisomerized Fischer- Quebusch hydrocarbons or waxes. In a specific embodiment, the lubricating viscosity oil can be prepared by the Fisher-quebus gas-liquid synthesis step, as well as other gas-liquefied oils.

Lubricating viscosity oil can be further refined, as specified by the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. The five groups of base oils are as follows: Group I (sulfur content> 0.03% by weight, and / or <90% by weight of saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group II (sulfur content 0.03 weight percent, and 90% by weight of saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group III (sulfur content 0.03 weight percent, and 90% by weight of saturates, viscosity index is 120); Group IV (both polyalphaolefins or PAOs, such as PAO-2, PAO-4, PAO-5, PAO-6, PAO-7, or PAO-8); and Group V (which includes "All other categories"). Lubricating viscosity oils include API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V oils, or mixtures thereof. In a specific embodiment, the lubricating viscosity oil is API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV oil, or a mixture thereof. Alternatively, the lubricating viscosity oil is often API Group II, Group III, Group IV oil, or mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the lubricating oil component of the present invention includes Group II or Group III base oil, or a combination thereof. The oil can also be derived from the hydroisomerization of waxes, such as crude waxes or Fisher-quebush synthetic waxes. This "gas liquefied" oil is generally classified as Group III.

The composition of the present invention may include some amounts of Group I base oils, and even Group IV and Group V base oils. However, in some embodiments, the lubricating oil component of the present invention contains no more than 20, 10, 5, or even 1 weight percent of Group I base oil. These restrictions also apply to Group IV or Group V base oils. In other specific embodiments, the lubricating oil present in the composition of the present invention is at least 60, 70, 80, 90, or even 98 weight percent of Group II and / or Group III base oils. In some specific embodiments, the lubricating oil present in the composition of the present invention is essentially only Group II and / or Group III base oils, and there may be a small amount of other types of base oils, but it is not a significant impact on all The amount of the nature or performance of the composition.

In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention includes some amounts of Group I and / or Group II base oils. In other specific embodiments In the composition of the present invention, the lubricating viscosity oil is mainly Group I and / or Group II base oil, or even Group I and / or Group II base oil in essence, or even Group I completely And / or Group II base oil lubricating composition.

In some specific embodiments, the present invention provides a Group II composition, that is, the lubricating viscosity oil includes Group II oil, and even if not completely, it is mainly Group II oil.

Various lubricating viscosity oils can be used alone or in combination. The lubricating viscosity oil may range from about 40 weight percent to about 99.6 weight percent, or a minimum of 49.8, 70, 85, 93, 93.5, or even 97, a maximum of 99.6, 98.8, 98.3, or even 96.8 weight percent for the Industrial gear lubricant composition. In other embodiments, a minimum of 40, 65, 73, 73.5, or even 81, and a maximum of 99.6, 99.5, 98.6, 94.1, 88.3, or even 80.8 weight percent lubricating viscosity oil may be used.

"Phosphorus Compounds"

The composition of the present invention includes a phosphorus-containing compound.

The phosphorus-containing compound may include hydrocarbyl phosphite, phosphate ester, amine salt of phosphate ester, or any combination thereof. In some specific embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes a hydrocarbyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some specific embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes a hydrocarbyl phosphite.

In some specific embodiments, the hydrocarbyl phosphite is an alkyl phosphite. The alkyl group means an alkyl group containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, however, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, or even a mixture thereof may be used. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite with a fully saturated alkyl group. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes Some unsaturated alkyl phosphites, such as a double bond between carbon atoms. This unsaturated alkyl group may also be referred to as an alkenyl group, but is included in the term "alkyl" as used herein unless otherwise indicated.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes alkyl phosphite, phosphate, amine salt of phosphate, or any combination thereof. In some specific embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes alkenyl phosphite, phosphate, amine salt of phosphate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes alkenyl phosphite, esters thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes alkenyl phosphite.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes dialkyl hydrophosphite.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound is essentially free or even completely free of phosphate esters and / or amine salts thereof.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound may be disclosed as fatty phosphite. Suitable phosphites include those having at least one hydrocarbon group with 4 or more, or 8 or more, or 12 or more carbon atoms. Typical ranges for the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group include 8 to 30, or 10 to 24, or 12 to 22, or 14 to 20, or 16 to 18. The phosphite may be a monohydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, a dihydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, or a trihydrocarbyl substituted phosphite. In a specific embodiment, the phosphite is sulfur-free, that is, the phosphite is not thiophosphite.

Phosphite having at least one hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms can be represented by the following formula:

Wherein at least one of R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and R ⁷ may be a hydrocarbon group containing at least 4 carbon atoms, and the other may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group. In a specific embodiment, R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and R ⁷ are all hydrocarbon groups. The hydrocarbon group may be an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an acyclic group, or a mixture thereof. In the formula where R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and R ⁷ have all three groups, the compound may be a trihydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, that is, R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and R ⁷ are all hydrocarbyl groups, and in some specific embodiments Can be alkyl.

The alkyl group may be linear or branched, generally linear, and saturated or unsaturated, generally saturated. Examples of R ⁵ , R ⁶ , and R ⁷ alkyl groups include octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, Hexadecyl, 17thyl, 18thyl, octadecenyl, 19thyl, icosyl, or mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the fatty phosphite component and / or the overall composition of the present invention is essentially free or even completely free of phosphate esters and / or amine salts thereof.

In some embodiments, the fatty phosphite comprises alkenyl phosphite or an ester thereof, for example, an ester of dimethyl hydrophosphite. By reacting with alcohol (such as oleyl alcohol), dimethyl hydrophosphite can be esterified, and in some embodiments, transesterified.

The fatty phosphite may be 0.3 to 10 weight percent of the entire industrial gear lubricant composition, or in other specific embodiments A minimum of 0.3, 0.7, or even 1.2, to a maximum of 10, 5, 2.5, 2.0, 1.7, 1.5, or even 1.2 weight percent.

"Sulfurated Fatty Ester"

The composition of the present invention includes sulfurized fatty esters.

These sulfurized fatty esters may include mixtures of sulfurized fatty esters with sulfurized olefins and / or polysulfides. The sulfurized olefins and polysulfides can be derived from isobutene, butene, propylene, ethylene, or some combination thereof. In these examples, the sulfurized fatty ester is a sulfurized olefin derived from any of the aforementioned natural or synthetic oils, or even some combination thereof. For example, sulfurized fatty esters can be derived from vegetable oils.

Examples of suitable sulfurized fatty esters include sulfurized animal or vegetable fats and / or oils, such as tallow, lard, fish oil, rapeseed oil, or soybean oil. Additional examples include sulfurized unsaturated fatty acid esters, where the ester is obtained by reacting unsaturated fatty acids with more than one of various alcohols. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids that can be used as the base of the sulfurized fatty ester include oleic acid, linoleic acid, and fatty acids extracted from the above-mentioned animal or vegetable fats and oils. Specific examples of useful sulfurized fatty esters include sulfurized methyl oleate, sulfurized rice bran fatty acid octyl ester, sulfurized rapeseed oil, and mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty esters include sulfurized natural oils. In some embodiments, sulfurized fatty esters include sulfurized animal and / or vegetable oils. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty esters include sulfurized vegetable oils. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty esters include sulfurized unsaturated oils. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty esters include sulfurized unsaturated natural oils. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty esters include sulfurized unsaturated vegetable oils.

In some embodiments, the above-mentioned sulfurized fatty ester further includes more than one sulfurized olefin and / or polysulfide.

In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty esters include sulfurized rapeseed oil.

"Extra Additives"

The composition of the present invention may further include one or more additional additives. For example, the composition of the present invention may include an industrial gear additive kit. In other words, the composition of the present invention is designed as an industrial gear lubricant, or an additive kit for manufacturing it. The present invention is not concerned with automotive gear lubricants or other lubricating compositions.

Any combination of conventional additive kits designed for industrial gear applications can be used. The present invention itself assumes that the additive kit is essentially free of the above-mentioned phosphorus-containing compounds and sulfurized fatty esters, or at least does not contain the phosphorus-containing compounds and sulfurized fatty esters specified in the specific embodiments of the present invention.

Additional additives that may be present in the industrial gear oil composition of the present invention include: demulsifiers, pour point depressants, antioxidants, dispersants, metal deactivators (such as copper deactivators), antiwear agents, extreme pressure Agents, viscosity modifiers, or some mixtures thereof. In some specific embodiments, the additive may be 50, 75, 100, or even 150 ppm, to 5, 4, 3, 2, or even 1.5 weight percent, or 75 ppm to 0.5 weight percent, 100 ppm to 0.4 weight percent, or 150ppm to 0.3 weight percent, where the weight percent value is based on the total lubricating oil composition. However, it should be noted that considering separation from the basic fluid, it may have a large number of additives that may be considered as part of the basic fluid (including Including viscosity adjusting polymers), including up to 30, 40, or even 50 weight percent. Each of the additional additives described can be used alone or in a mixture thereof.

Defoaming agents are known in the art, and are also known as foam inhibitors, and include but are not limited to organic polysiloxane and non-silicone foam inhibitors. Examples of organic polysiloxanes include dimethyl polysiloxane and polysiloxane. Examples of non-silicone foam inhibitors include, but are not limited to, polyethers, polyacrylates, and mixtures thereof, and copolymers of ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and optionally vinyl acetate. In some embodiments, the defoamer is polyacrylate. The defoamer may be 0.001 to 0.012 or 0.004 pbw of the composition, or even 0.001 to 0.003 pbw.

Demulsifiers are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene alcohols, alkylamines, and amine groups that are sequentially reacted with ethylene oxide or substituted ethylene oxide Alcohol, diamine or polyamine derivatives, or mixtures thereof. Examples of demulsifiers include polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the demulsifier is polyether. The demulsifier may be 0.002 to 0.2 pbw of the composition.

Pour point depressants are known in the art and include but are not limited to esters of maleic dianhydride ester-styrene copolymers, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyacrylamide, halogenated paraffin waxes and aromatics Condensation products of compounds, vinyl carboxylate polymers, terpolymers of dialkyl fumarate, vinyl esters of fatty acids, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, alkylphenol formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers , And their mixtures.

In addition to some of the above additives, the composition of the present invention may also include rust inhibitors. Suitable rust inhibitors include hydrocarbon amine salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid, hydrocarbon amine salts of hydrocarbon-based aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, fatty carboxylic acids or their esters, nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid esters, ammonium sulfonate, imidazoline, mono Thiophosphate, or any combination thereof, or a mixture thereof. Examples of the hydrocarbon amine salt of the dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the above, and diheptyl or dioctyl or dinonyl dithiophosphoric acid and ethylenediamine, morpholine, or Primene ^TM The reaction product of 81R, or a mixture thereof. The hydrocarbon amine salt of a suitable hydrocarbyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid used in the rust inhibitor kit of the present invention is represented by the following formula:

Cy is benzene or naphthalene ring. R ¹ is a hydrocarbon group having about 4 to about 30, preferably about 6 to about 25, and more preferably about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms. z is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4, and z is preferably 1 or 2. R ² , R ³ , and R ⁴ are the same as described above. Examples of the hydrocarbon amine salt of the hydrocarbyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the ethylene diamine salt of dinonyl naphthalene sulfonic acid. Examples of suitable fatty carboxylic acids or their esters include glycerol monooleate and oleic acid. An example of a suitable nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid ester includes oleosinic acid. The rust inhibitor may be in the range of 0.02 to 0.2, 0.03 to 0.15, 0.04 to 0.12, or 0.05 to 0.1 weight percent of the lubricating oil composition. The rust inhibitor of the present invention can be used alone or as a mixture thereof.

The composition of the present invention may also include a metal deactivator. The metal deactivator is used to neutralize the catalytic effect of metal to promote oxidation in lubricating oil. Suitable metal deactivators include but are not limited to triazole, tolyltriazole, thiadiazole, or a combination thereof, and derivatives thereof. Examples include benzotriazole derivatives other than the above, benzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzimid Azole, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazole, 2- (N, N'-dialkyldithioaminemethayl) benzothiazole, 2,5-dialkyldithio) -1, 3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-two (N, N'-dialkyldithioamine carbamoyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-alkyldithio-5 -Mercaptothiadiazole, or a mixture thereof. These additives may use 0.01 to 0.25 weight percent of the total composition. In some embodiments, the metal deactivator is a benzotriazole compound substituted with a hydrocarbyl group. The benzotriazole compound having a hydrocarbyl substituent includes at least one of the following ring positions 1- or 2- or 4- or 5- or 6- or 7-benzotriazole. The hydrocarbon group contains from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about 1 to about 15, more preferably from about 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and the metal deactivator is preferably 5-methylbenzo used alone or in a mixture thereof Triazole. The metal deactivator may be in the range of 0.001 to 0.5, 0.01 to 0.04, or 0.015 to 0.03 pbw of the lubricating oil composition. The metal deactivator may also be 0.002 or 0.004 to 0.02 pbw of the composition. The metal deactivator can be used alone or in a mixture thereof.

Antioxidants may also include (i) alkylated diphenylamine, and (ii) substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfides. In some specific embodiments, the alkylated diphenylamines of the present invention are two nonylated diphenylamines and two octylated diphenylamines. In some embodiments, the substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfide includes n-dodecyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulfide, 1- (tertiary-dodecylthio) -2-propanol, or a combination thereof. In some specific embodiments, the substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfide is 1- (third-dodecylthio) -2-propanol. Antioxidant kits can also include sterically hindered phenols. Examples of suitable hydrocarbon groups for sterically hindered phenols include, but are not limited to, 2-ethylhexyl ester, n-butyl ester, dodecyl ester, or mixtures thereof. Examples of methylene-bridged sterically hindered phenols include, but are not limited to 4,4'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-o-cresol), 4,4'-methylenebis (2-third-pentyl-ortho Cresol), 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-t-butylphenol), or a mixture thereof.

In some embodiments, the additional additives of the present invention include a nitrogen-containing dispersant, for example, a nitrogen-containing additive substituted with a hydrocarbon group. Suitable hydrocarbon-containing nitrogen-containing additives include ashless dispersants and polymeric dispersants. The ashless dispersant is supplied because it does not contain metal, so when it is added to the lubricant, it usually does not produce sulfated ash. However, once it is added to a lubricant that includes metal-containing species, it will of course interact with the surrounding metals. The ashless dispersant is characterized by polar groups attached to hydrocarbon chains of relatively high molecular weight. Examples of such materials include succinimide dispersants, Mannich dispersants, and their borated derivatives.

In some embodiments, the additional additives of the present invention include but are not limited to sulfur-containing compounds other than the above-mentioned sulfurized fatty esters. Such sulfur-containing compounds may include sulfurized olefins and polysulfides. The sulfurized olefin or polysulfide can be derived from isobutene, butene, propylene, ethylene, or some combination thereof.

In some specific embodiments, the additional additives of the present invention include more than one phosphorus amine salt (different from the phosphorus-containing compounds described above), but in order to make the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition contain no more than 1.0 weight percent, or even not The amount of this material exceeds 0.75 or 0.6 weight percent. In other specific embodiments, the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition is essentially free or even completely free of this phosphoramidite salt.

In some specific embodiments, the additional additive component includes more than one anti-wear additive and / or extreme pressure agent, more than one rust inhibitor and / or corrosion inhibitor, more than one foam inhibitor, one Demulsifier, or any combination thereof. In other specific embodiments, the additional additives and / or the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition are essentially free or even completely free of phosphorus amine salts, dispersants, or both.

In some embodiments, the additional additives and / or the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition include demulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, friction modifiers, or a combination of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the corrosion inhibitor includes tolyltriazole. In yet other specific embodiments, the additional additive components and / or the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition include more than one sulfurized olefin or polysulfide; more than one phosphoramine salt; more than one phosphorothioate; More than one thiadiazole, tolyltriazole, polyether, and / or alkenylamine; more than one ester copolymer; more than one carboxylic acid ester; more than one succinimide; or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention further includes (d) one or more additional additives, which may include one or more sulfurized olefins, phosphate esters, phosphorothioate, phosphorothioate and / or Amine salts, thiadiazoles and / or substituted thiadiazoles, tolyl triazoles and / or substituted triazoles, polyethers, alkyl and / or alkenyl amines and / or polyolefin amide olefin amines, ester Copolymer, carboxylate, dispersant, hydrocarbon polymer, or any combination thereof.

Dispersants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are not unduly limited and may include borated dispersants, unborated dispersants, succinimide dispersants (including borated and unborated succinimide dispersants) , Mannich dispersant, etc.

In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is free of antioxidants. In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is free of fatty amines. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are free of high TBN over-alkaline cleaners (where high TBN may represent TBN> 100,> 50,> 20, or even> 10). In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention is free of zinc dithiophosphate.

〔Industry application〕

As shown above, the present invention includes industrial gear lubricant compositions and industrial gear additive concentrate compositions that can be used to manufacture industrial gear lubricant compositions.

In the industrial gear lubricant of the present invention, the component (a) lubricating viscosity oil may be 49.8 to 99.6, or 70 to 99.6, or 85 to 99.6, or 93 to 99.6, or 93 to 98.8, or 93.5 to 98.3, or even About 96.8 weight percent; component (b) the phosphorus-containing compound may be 0.3 to 10, or 0.3 to 5, or 0.3 to 2, or 0.7 to 2, or 0.7 to 1.5, or even about 1.2 weight percent; and component (c) The sulfurized fatty ester may be 0.1 to 20, or 0.1 to 10, or 0.1 to 5, or 0.5 to 5, or 1 to 5, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 3, or even about 2 weight percent.

In other specific embodiments of the present invention, when one or more additional additives are present, the component (a) lubricating viscosity oil may be 40 to 99.6, or 40 to 99.5, or 65 to 99.5, or 73 to 98.6, or 73 To 94.1, or 73 to 94.1, or 73.5 to 88.3, or even about 80.8 weight percent; the component (b) phosphorus-containing compound may be 0.3 to 10, or 0.3 to 5, or 0.3 to 2, or 0.7 to 2, or 0.7 To 1.5, or even about 1.2 weight percent; component (c) sulfurized fatty ester may be 0.1 to 20, or 0.1 to 10, or 0.1 to 5, or 0.5 to 5, or 1 to 5, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 3, or even about 2 weight percent; and one or more additional additives of ingredient (d) may be 0 Or 0.1 to 50, or 0 or 0.1 to 30, or 0.1 to 20, or 1 to 20, or 5 to 20, or 10 to 20, or even about 16 weight percent.

Adjust the amount of (a) (ie, the amount of (a) is very low in the concentrate composition compared to the lubricant composition), but maintain the same ingredients (b), (c), and (d) (if There is a relative ratio between), the various ranges of the above ingredients can be applied to the concentrate composition. In this particular embodiment, the weight percentage values of ingredients (b), (c), and (d) (if any) can be treated as oil by weight (pbw) to make up the rest of the concentrate composition, which Including 0 or 0.1 or 0.5 or even 1 pbw, to 10, 20, 30, or even 40 or 50 pbw.

In some specific embodiments, it is useful to specify the weight ratio of component (b) phosphorus-containing compound to component (c) sulfurized fatty ester in the composition of the present invention. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of component (b) to component (c) is 1:10 to 10: 1, or 1: 1 to 1:10, or 1: 5 to 5: 1, or 1: 1 To 5: 1, or 1: 1 to 1: 3, or 1: 1 to 1: 2, or even about 3: 5. These ratios can be applied to the industrial gear lubricant composition of the present invention and / or the industrial gear additive concentrate composition of the present invention.

The present invention includes a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned industrial gear lubricant composition and / or industrial gear additive concentrate composition. This method includes mixing the ingredients together. It is believed that no specific order or means of addition will significantly affect the results.

The invention also includes a method for improving the vibration resistance of an industrial gearbox and / or the industrial gear oil lubricant composition used in the industrial gearbox. The steps of the method include (1) adding the following ingredients to an industrial gear oil composition including (a) lubricating viscosity oil: (b) a phosphorus-containing compound and (c) a sulfurized fatty ester to produce an industrial gear oil with improved vibration resistance Composition.

Relative to the same industrial gearbox receiving the same external vibration (where the industrial gearbox contains an industrial gear lubricant that does not contain the above specified additive combination), the method may also involve adding one or more of the industrial gearboxes described herein Industrial gear lubricant (where the gearbox is subjected to external vibration later), and the improved industrial gearbox is protected and / or resistant to any damage and / or wear caused by this external vibration.

Unless otherwise indicated, the amount of each chemical component stated excludes any solvent or diluent oil customarily used in commercial materials, ie based on active chemicals. However, unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as a commercial grade and may contain isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials that are generally accepted and present in a commercial grade.

The term "hydrocarbyl substituent" or "hydrocarbyl group" as used herein is used in its general sense and is known to those skilled in the art. In particular, it refers to a group that has carbon atoms directly attached to the rest of the molecule and has mainly hydrocarbon characteristics. Examples of hydrocarbon groups include:-hydrocarbon substituents, ie aliphatic (eg alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (eg cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic Substituted aromatic substituents, and cyclic substituents in which the ring is completed by other parts of the molecule (for example, two substituents together form a ring); -Substituted hydrocarbon substituents, ie substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups, which do not change the main hydrocarbon nature of the substituents (eg halogen (especially chlorine and fluorine), hydroxyl, alkoxy, mercapto, alkyl Thiol, nitro, nitroso, and sulfhydryl groups); -hetero substituents, that is, although they have the main hydrocarbon characteristics in the context of the present invention, they contain substitutions other than carbon in the ring or chain composed of carbon Group, and includes pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, and imidazolyl. Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Generally, there are no more than two, or no more than one non-hydrocarbon substituent for every 10 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group; or, there may be no non-hydrocarbon substituent in the hydrocarbon group.

It is known that some of the above materials can interact in the final formulation, so that the ingredients of the final formulation may be different from those originally added. For example, metal ions (such as detergents) will move to other acidic or anionic positions of other molecules. Therefore, it is impossible to simply explain the products formed, including the products formed when the composition of the present invention is used for intended use. Nevertheless, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the present invention; the present invention includes compositions prepared by blending the above ingredients.

The invention is better understood with reference to the following non-limiting examples.

[Examples]

To demonstrate the benefits of the present invention, a set of examples were prepared and tested.

[Comparative Example 1] A reference example was prepared by mixing 1.75 weight percent of an industrial gear oil additive kit (Additive Kit A) into Group I ISO 220 base oil. Additive Kit A includes extreme pressure agent, anti-wear agent combination, rust inhibitor, metal deactivator, defoamer, demulsifier, copper deactivator, and some thinner oils, where extreme pressure agent includes phosphate ester and Or its amine salt.

[Comparative Example 2] Baseline examples were prepared by mixing 2.0 weight percent industrial gear oil additive kit (Additive Kit B) into Group II ISO 220 base oil. Additive Kit B is similar to Additive Kit A, except that it contains no phosphate ester and / or its amine salt extreme pressure agent in Additive Kit A.

[Comparative Example 3] A comparative example was prepared by taking a part of Comparative Example 2 and adding 4% by weight of sulfurized fatty ester (in this example, sulfurized rapeseed oil).

[Comparative Example 4] A comparative example was prepared by taking a part of Comparative Example 2 and adding 2% by weight of alkyl phosphite (in this example, transesterified dimethylhydrogen phosphite).

[Example 5 of the present invention] Take a part of Comparative Example 2 and add 2% by weight of sulfurized fatty ester (in this example, sulfurized rapeseed oil), and 1% by weight of alkyl phosphite (in this example: Transesterified dimethylhydrogen phosphite), while preparing examples of the present invention.

The following table summarizes the formulations of these examples:

These formulations were tested with a laboratory test device that simulates the vibration pattern that industrial gears in the art would experience. The gearbox used for testing uses a small single reduction helical gear set, and each time uses a new gear set and gear box. In each test, the gearbox received a fixed high load and a fixed low speed for a fixed time, and there was no vibration in the first test, and then there was vibration in the second test. Vibration is applied using a shaker attached to the shaft of the gearbox, and a vibration sensor placed on the gearbox is used to monitor the transmitted vibration. In each test, adjust the shaker and adjust the frequency of the gear mesh with the test part. This test does not use temperature control. After each test, use the PECO ND-300 profilometer to measure the shape error of each tooth tip (that is, the number of microns between the specific point on the tooth tip and the calculated average profile line) to measure the gear wear. The tooth flank of each pinion is measured 6 times, 3 of which are trajectories in the section direction ("up and down" trajectories), and 3 are the trajectories in the spiral direction ("left and right" trajectories). The tooth tips of all 17 pinions were measured in each test and 102 measured values were obtained for each pinion.

The comparative example 1 was tested with the above-mentioned laboratory device to confirm the ability of the laboratory device to distinguish the performance of the formulation with respect to vibration. The following provides a summary of the shape error measurements obtained from this test, where a smaller shape error value indicates less wear. The spiral test average is the total average of all spiral measurements, including all 3 trajectories obtained at each tooth tip. The profile measurement average is the total average of all profile measurements, including all 3 trajectories obtained at each tooth tip.

The results show that the test procedure shows the effect of vibration on the spiral and profile of the gear under test. The test results show that the higher the shape error value, the higher the wear when vibration is applied, especially the spiral measurement. These results show that the test methods described are useful industrial gear oil performance indicators when accepting forces other than vibration.

After determining the value of the test method, the above steps were also used to test Comparative Examples 2, 3, 4, and Example 5 of the present invention. The following provides a summary of the shape error measurement (microns) obtained from this test, where the lower the shape error value, the less wear. The spiral measurement average is the average of all spiral measurements, including all 3 trajectories obtained at each tooth tip. The spiral trajectory 1 average is the average of all spiral measurements taken in trajectory 1, where trajectory 1 is closest to the root of the gear (so higher stress is seen). The average of spiral trajectory 2 is the average of all spiral measurements taken in trajectory 2, where trajectory 2 is the second closest to the tooth root of the gear, or an intermediate trajectory. The spiral trajectory 3 average is the average of all spiral measurements taken in trajectory 3, where trajectory 3 is farthest from the root of the gear tooth (so the lowest stress level should be seen).

The results show that the examples of the present invention provide better wear performance, and therefore vibration resistance, than the comparative examples. Comparative Example 2 is an industrial gear oil, but does not contain any additives that provide a synergistic combination that is the focus of the present invention. Comparative Example 3 contains sulfurized fatty esters, but does not contain the phosphorus compound of the present invention. Comparative Example 4 contains a phosphorus compound, but does not contain sulfurized fatty esters. Only Example 5 of the present invention contains the combination of the phosphorus compound and the sulfurized fatty ester, and this additive combination provides the best abrasion performance and therefore the best vibration resistance in the test. It should be noted that the total amount of the phosphorus compound and the sulfurized fatty ester used in Example 5 of the present invention is 3% by weight, which is lower than the 4% by weight of sulfurized fatty ester used in Comparative Example 3. The reason is that the treatment rate is high, but it is caused by the synergy between additives.

The above-referenced documents are all included here for reference, and include any prior applications that claim priority, whether or not specifically listed above. The mention of any document is in no way an agreement to legally qualify this document as a prior art, or to constitute general knowledge of the person skilled in the art. It should be understood that, except in the examples or where otherwise clearly indicated, all the numerical values of the specified material amount, reaction conditions, molecular weight, number of carbon atoms, etc. in this description are modified with the word "about". It should be understood that the upper and lower limits, ranges, and proportional limits described herein can be independently combined. Similarly, the range and amount of each element of the present invention can be used together with the range or amount of any other element.

The turning term "comprising" as used herein is synonymous with "including", "containing", or "characterized by" and is inclusive or open-ended, and It does not exclude additional unstated elements or method steps. However, each statement "comprising" is intended to mean that the term also includes the phrases "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of" as alternative specific embodiments. , Where "consisting of" excludes any unspecified elements or steps, and "essentially consisting of" may contain additional unstated elements or steps that do not actually affect the basic and novel features of the considered composition or method .

Although specific representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of exemplifying the present invention, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. In this regard, the scope of the present invention is limited only by the scope of the following patent applications.

Claims (10)

A method for improving the vibration resistance of an industrial gear box, which uses an industrial gear oil composition to lubricate the industrial gear box, the industrial gear oil composition comprising: (a) lubricating viscosity oil; (b) 0.1 to 10 weight percent alkyl group Phosphite esters based on the total weight of the industrial gear oil composition; and (c) 0.1 to 20 weight percent of sulfurized fatty esters based on the total weight of the industrial gear oil composition. The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil includes a mineral base oil. The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil includes a synthetic base oil. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sulfurized fatty ester comprises sulfurized natural oil. The method of claim 4, wherein the sulfurized fatty ester comprises sulfurized rapeseed oil. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition further comprises (d) more than one additional additive; wherein component (d) comprises more than one sulfurized olefin, phosphate, thiophosphate, thio Phosphate esters and / or their amine salts, thiadiazoles and / or substituted thiadiazoles, tolyltriazoles and / or substituted triazoles, polyethers, alkenylamines and / or polyolefin amide olefinic amines, Ester copolymers, carboxylic acid esters, dispersants, defoamers, hydrocarbon polymers, sulfurized fatty esters, or any combination thereof. The method of claim 6, wherein the industrial gear oil composition comprises 93.5 to 98.3 weight percent lubricating viscosity oil, 0.7 to 1.5 weight percent fatty phosphite, and 1 to 3 weight percent sulfurized fatty ester. The method of claim 7, wherein the industrial gear oil composition comprises 73.5 to 88.3 weight percent lubricating viscosity oil, 0.7 to 1.5 weight percent fatty phosphite, 1 to 3 weight percent sulfurized fatty ester, And 10 to 20 weight percent of more than one additional additive. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ester of the alkyl phosphite is esterified dimethyl hydrogen phosphite. The method according to claim 9, wherein the ester of the alkyl phosphite is converted into an esterified dimethyl phosphite by reaction with an alcohol.