TWI528961B - 作為聚(adp-核糖)聚合酶(parp)抑制劑之經醯胺取代之吲唑 - Google Patents
作為聚(adp-核糖)聚合酶(parp)抑制劑之經醯胺取代之吲唑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI528961B TWI528961B TW097100730A TW97100730A TWI528961B TW I528961 B TWI528961 B TW I528961B TW 097100730 A TW097100730 A TW 097100730A TW 97100730 A TW97100730 A TW 97100730A TW I528961 B TWI528961 B TW I528961B
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
- tautomer
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於經醯胺取代之吲唑,其係先前稱作聚(ADP-核糖)合成酶及聚(ADP-核糖基)轉移酶之酵素聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)的抑制劑。本發明之化合物可用作在DNA修復途徑中具有特定缺陷之腫瘤的單一療法及用作諸如抗癌劑等某些DNA損害劑及放射療法之增強劑。而且,本發明之化合物可用於減少細胞壞死(在中風及心肌梗塞中)、下調炎症及組織損傷、治療逆轉錄病毒感染並抵抗化學療法毒性。
聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)組成18種含有PARP催化區域之蛋白的超家族(Bioessays
(2004)26
:1148)。此等蛋白包括PARP-1、PARP-2、PARP-3、端錨聚合酶-1、端錨聚合酶-2、vaultPARP及TiPARP。PARP-1(基礎成員)係由如下3個主要結構域構成:含有2個鋅指之胺基(N)-端DNA-結合結構域(DBD)、自身修飾結構域及羧基(C)-端催化結構域。
PARP係細胞核及細胞質酵素,其可使NAD+
裂解成煙醯胺及ADP-核糖以在目標蛋白上形成具支鏈長ADP-核糖聚合物,該等目標蛋白包括拓撲異構酶、組蛋白及PARP自身(Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun
. (1998)245
:1-10)。
(ADP-核糖基)聚合參與若干生物過程,包括DNA修復、基因轉錄、細胞週期進展、細胞死亡、染色質功能及基因
組穩定。
已經證實藉由DNA鏈斷裂可迅速激發PARP-1及PARP-2之催化活性(參見Pharmacological Research
(2005)52
:25-33)。作為對DNA損害之響應,PARP-1結合單鏈及雙鏈DNA缺口。在正常生理條件下,PARP具有最小活性,然而,當DNA受到損害時,PARP活性即刻活化高達500倍。PARP-1及PARP-2二者均可檢測DNA鏈間斷,因此其可用作缺口感受器、為停止轉錄提供快速信號並補充損害位點DNA修復所需酵素。由於癌症治療之許多化學治療方法及放射治療藉由產生DNA損害起作用,因此PARP抑制劑可用作癌症治療之化學增敏劑及放射增敏劑。據報道,PARP抑制劑可有效地放射敏化缺氧腫瘤細胞(美國專利第US 5,032,617號、美國專利第US 5,215,738號及美國專利第US 5,041,653號)。
PARP之大多數生物效應係與下列相關:可影響目標蛋白之性質和功能的此(ADP-核糖基)聚合過程;在自(ADP-核糖基)聚合蛋白裂解時產生不同細胞效應之PAR寡聚物;形成功能複合體之PARP與核蛋白的物理締合;及其NAD,之細胞水平降低(Nature Review
(2005)4
:421-440)。
除了參與DNA修復以外,PARP亦可用作細胞死亡之介體。PARP在諸如局部缺血及再灌注損傷等病理條件下會受到過度活化可導致細胞間NAD+
之實質性缺失,進而可造成若干NAD+
依賴性代謝途徑受損並導致細胞死亡(參見Pharmacological Research
(2005)52
:44-59)。作為PARP活
化之結果,NAD+
水平顯著下降。過度PARP活化可造成遭受重度DNA損害之細胞的嚴重NAD+
缺失。聚(ADP-核糖)之較短半衰期可產生快速轉換率,此乃因聚(ADP-核糖)一旦形成,其就會受到組成型活性聚(ADP-核糖)糖水解酶(PARG)迅速降解。PARP及PARG形成一個循環,該循環將大量NAD+
轉化成ADP-核糖,導致NAD+
及ATP降低至小於正常水平之20%。此情形在局部缺血過程中當氧喪失已經嚴重危害細胞能量輸出時尤其有害。吾人認為在再灌注過程中之後續自由基生成係組織損害之主要原因。部分ATP降低(在局部缺血及再灌注過程中通常見於許多器官中)可能與由聚(ADP-核糖)轉換引起的NAD+
缺失有關。因此,預計,PARP抑制可維護細胞能量水平,進而增強缺血組織在受損傷後之存活率。因此,作為PARP抑制劑之化合物可用於治療由PARP介導之細胞死亡引起的病症,包括諸如中風等神經性病症、創傷及帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)。
已經證明PARP抑制劑可用於特異性殺傷BRCA-1及BRCA-2缺陷型腫瘤(Nature
(2005)434
:913-916和917-921;及Cancer Biology & Therapy
(2005)4
:934-936)。
已經證實PARP抑制劑可增進抗癌藥之功效(Pharmacological Research
(2005)52
:25-33),該等抗癌藥包括諸如順鉑及卡鉑等鉑化合物(Cancer Chemother Pharmacol
(1993)33
:157-162及Mol Cancer Ther
(2003)2
:371-382)。已經證實PARP抑制劑可增加諸如伊立替康
(Irinotecan)及拓撲替康(Topotecan)等拓撲異構酶I抑制劑之抗腫瘤活性(Mol Cancer Ther
(2003)2
:371-382;及Clin Cancer Res
(2000)6
:2860-2867)且此已在活體內模型中證明(J Natl Cancer Inst
(2004)96
:56-67)。
已經證實PARP抑制劑可恢復對替莫唑胺(temozolomide)(TMZ)細胞毒性及抗增生效應之敏感性(參見Curr Med Chem
(2002)9
:1285-1301及Med Chem Rev Online
(2004)1
:144-150)。此已在許多活體外模型(Br J Cancer
(1995)72
:849-856;Br J Cancer
(1996)74
:1030-1036;Mol Pharmacol
(1997)52
:249-258;Leukemia
(1999)13
:901-909;Glia
(2002)40
:44-54;及Clin Cancer Res
(2000)6
:2860-2867和(2004)10
:881-889)及活體內模型(Blood
(2002)99
:2241-2244;Clin Cancer Res
(2003)9
:5370-5379及J Natl Cancer Inst
(2004)96
:56-67)中證明。亦已證實PAPR抑制劑可防止由諸如MeOSO2
(CH2
)-lexitropsin (Me-Lex)等選擇性N
3-腺嘌呤甲基化試劑引發的壞死出現(Pharmacological Research
(2005)52
:25-33)。
已經證實PARP抑制劑可用作放射增敏劑。據報道,PARP抑制劑可有效地放射敏化(缺氧)腫瘤細胞並有效地防止腫瘤細胞在放射治療後自DNA之潛在致死(Br. J. Cancer
(1984)49
(增刊VI):34-42;及Int. J. Radiat. Bioi.
(1999)75
:91-100)及亞致死(Clin. Oncol.
(2004)16
(1):29-39)損害恢復,據推測,此係藉由其防止DNA鏈斷裂再結合之能力並藉由影響若干DNA損害信號傳導途徑來達成。
亦已證實PARP抑制劑可用於治療急性及慢性心肌病(參見pharmacological Research
(2005)52
:34-43)。舉例而言,已經證明在兔子中單獨注射PARP抑制劑使由心臟或骨骼肌之再灌注及局部缺血造成的梗塞面積減少。在此等研究中,於閉塞前1分鐘或於再灌注前1分鐘單獨注射3-胺基-苯甲醯胺(10 mg/kg)在心臟中達成類似梗塞面積減小(32-42%)而另一種PARP抑制劑1,5-二羥基異喹啉(1 mg/kg)將梗塞面積減小相當程度(38-48%)。根據此等結果可合理地設定PARP抑制劑可拯救先前局部缺血性心臟或骨骼肌組織再灌注損傷(PNAS
(1997)94
:679-683)。在豬中(Eur. J. pharmacol.
(1998)359
:143-150及Ann. Thorac. Surg.
(2002)73
:575-581)及在狗中(Shock.
(2004)21
:426-32)亦報道有類似發現。
已經證明PARP抑制劑可用於治療某些血管疾病、敗血性休克、局部缺血性損傷及神經毒性(Biochim. Biophys. Acta
(1989)1014
:1-7;J. Clin. Invest.
(1997)100
: 723-735)。導致DNA鏈斷裂之氧自由基DNA損害(其接下來可藉由PARP識別)係此等病態之主要影響因素,如藉由PARP抑制劑研究所證實(J. Neurosci. Res.
(1994)39
:38-46及PNAS
(1996)93
:4688-4692)。亦已證明PARP在出血性休克發病中起重要作用(PNAS
(2000)97
:10203-10208)。
已經證明PARP抑制劑可用於治療炎症性疾病(參見Pharmacological Research
(2005)52
:72-82和83-92)。
亦已證明藉由抑制PARP活性可阻斷哺乳動物細胞之有
效逆轉錄病毒感染。已經證實此等重組逆轉錄病毒介體感染之抑制可發生於各種不同的細胞類別中(J. Virology,
(1996)70(6)
:3992-4000)。因此,已經研發出用於抗病毒治療及癌症治療之PARP抑制劑(WO 91/18591)。
活體外及活體內實驗已證明PARP抑制劑可用於治療或預防諸如I型糖尿病及糖尿病併發症等自身免疫疾病(pharmacological Research
(2005)52
:60-71)。
據推測PARP抑制可延遲人類纖維母細胞衰老特性出現(Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.
(1994)201(2)
:665-672及Pharmacological Research
(2005)52
:93-99)。此可能與PARP在控制端粒作用中所起作用相關(Nature Gen.
, (1999)23(1)
:76-80)。
絕大部分PARP抑制劑與酵素之煙醯胺結合結構域定期相互作用並相當於NAD+
之競爭性抑制劑(Expert Opin. Ther. Patents
(2004)14
:1531-1551)。諸如苯甲醯胺及衍生物等煙醯胺之結構類似物屬於欲經研究作為PARP抑制劑之首要化合物。然而,此等分子具有較弱抑制活性且擁有與PARP抑制不相關之其他作用。因此,人們需要提供PARP酵素之強效抑制劑。
先前已經闡述結構相關之PARP抑制劑。WO 1999/59973揭示與5員雜芳香族環稠合之經醯胺取代之苯環;WO2001/85687揭示經醯胺取代之吲哚;WO 1997/04771、WO 2000/26192、WO 2000/32579、WO 2000/64878、WO 2000/68206、WO 2001/21615、WO 2002/068407、WO
2003/106430及WO 2004/096793揭示經醯胺取代之苯并咪唑;WO 2000/29384揭示經醯胺取代之苯并咪唑及吲哚;且歐洲專利EP 0879820揭示經醯胺取代之苯并噁唑。
現在,人們驚奇地發現本發明經醯胺取代之吲唑對聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)活性抑制呈現特別高的水平。因此,本發明之化合物尤其可用作PARP-1及/或PARP-2之抑制劑。該等化合物亦顯示特別佳的細胞活性水平,證明在BRCA1及BRCA2缺陷之細胞系中具有良好抗增生作用。
本發明提供式I之化合物:
其中:R1
係氫或氟;且R2
係氫或氟;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或互變異構體。
在一實施例中,R1
係氫。
在另一實施例中,R1
係氟。
在一實施例中,R2
係氫。
在另一實施例中,R2
係氟。
在一實施例中,R1
係氫且R2
係氫或氟。
在另一實施例中,R1
係氟且R2
係氫或氟。
在另一實施例中,R1
係氫且R2
係氫。
在另一實施例中,R1
係氫且R2
係氟。
在另一實施例中,R1
係氟且R2
係氟。
在另一實施例中,R1
係氫或氟且R2
係氫。
在另一實施例中,R1
係氫或氟且R2
係氟。
本發明亦提供式II之化合物:
其中R1
及R2
係如上文所定義;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或互變異構體。
本發明亦提供式III之化合物:
其中R1
及R2
係如上文所定義;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽或互變異構體。
本發明亦提供式IV之化合物:
其中R1
及R2
係如上文所定義;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽或互變異構體。
式II、III及IV之較佳身份係如前文對式I所定義(加以必要的變通)。
本發明在其範圍內亦涵蓋上式I化合物之N-氧化物。一般而言,此等N-氧化物可在任一可用氮原子上形成。該等N-氧化物可藉由習知方法(例如,使式I化合物與過硫酸氫鉀製劑(oxone)於濕礬土存在下反應)形成。
本發明在其範圍內涵蓋上式I化合物之前藥。一般而言,此等前藥可為在活體內易於轉化成所需式I化合物的式I化合物之功能衍生物。用於選擇及製備適宜前藥衍生物之習知程序闡述於(例如)''Design of Prodrugs",H. Bundgaard編寫,Elsevier, 1985中。
前藥可為生物活性物質("母體藥物"或"母體分子")之藥理惰性衍生物,其需要在體內轉化以釋放活性藥物且其較母體藥物分子具有改良遞送性質。活體內轉化可為(例如)某些代謝過程(例如,羧酸酯、磷酸酯或硫酸酯之化學或酶促水解、或敏感性官能團之還原或氧化)之結果。
本發明在其範圍內涵蓋式I化合物之溶劑合物及其鹽,例如,水合物。
本發明之化合物可具有不對稱中心、對掌性軸及對掌性平面(如闡述於下列中者:E.L. Eliel與S.H. Wilen,Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds
,John Wiley & Sons,
紐約,1994,第1119-1190頁),且作為外消旋異構體、外消旋混合物、及作為個別非對映異構體連同其所有可能異構體及混合物(包括光學異構體)存在,所有該等立體異構體皆涵蓋於本發明內。此外,本文所揭示化合物可作為互變異構體存在且兩種互變異構形式均欲涵蓋於本發明之範圍內,即使僅闡述一種互變異構結構。
該等化合物可以不同的同分異構體形式存在,所有該等同分異構體形式均涵蓋於本發明中。
該等化合物可以許多不同的多晶型形式存在。
本文所用C1-6
烷基表示含有1個、2個、3個、4個、5個或6個碳原子之具支鏈、直鏈及環狀飽和脂肪族烴基團。舉例而言,"C1-6
烷基"具體包括甲基、乙基、正-丙基、異-丙基、正-丁基、第三-丁基、異-丁基、戊基、己基、環丙基、環丁基、環戊基及環己基等。較佳烷基基團係甲基及乙基。
屬於本發明範圍之特定化合物係:氯化3-{4-[7-(胺基類基)-2H
-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓;2-{4-[(3R)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H
-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;2-{4-[(3S)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H
-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;三氟乙酸3-{4-[7-(胺基羰基)-5-氟-2H
-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓;5-氟-2-(3-氟-4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基)-2H
-吲唑-7-甲醯胺三氟乙酸鹽;
三氟乙酸3-{4-[7-(胺基羰基)-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓;5-氟-2-(4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基)-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;氯化(3S)-3-(4-[7-(胺基羰基)-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓;氯化(3R)-3-{4-[7-(胺基羰基)-2H吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓;(R)-5-氟-2-(4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基)-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;(S)-5-氟-2-(4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基)-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;(R)-5-氟-2-{3-氟-4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;(S)-5-氟-2-{3-氟-4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;及其醫藥上可接受之鹽、游離鹼或互變異構體。亦提供此等化合物之立體異構體。
本發明之特定化合物係:氯化3-{4-[7-(胺基羰基)-2H
-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓;或其醫藥上可接受之游離鹼或互變異構體。亦提供此化合物之立體異構體。
本發明之特定化合物係:2-{4-[(3R)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H
-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、游離鹼或互變異構體。亦提供此化合物之立體異構體。
本發明之特定化合物係:2-{4-[(3S)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H
-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;及其醫藥上可接受之鹽、游離鹼或互變異構體。亦提供此化合物之立體異構體。
本發明之特定化合物係:三氟乙酸3-{4-[7-(胺基羰基)-5-氟-2H
-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓;或其醫藥上可接受之游離鹼或互變異構體。亦提供此化合物之立體異構體。
本發明之特定化合物係:5-氟-2-(3-氟-4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基)-2H
-吲唑-7-甲醯胺三氟乙酸鹽;或其醫藥上可接受之游離鹼或互變異構體。亦提供此化合物之立體異構體。
本發明之特定化合物係:4-甲基苯磺酸(3S)-3-{4-[7-(胺基類基)-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓;或其醫藥上可接受之游離鹼或互變異構體。亦提供此化合物之立體異構體。
本發明包括式I化合物之游離鹼以及其醫藥上可接受之鹽及立體異構體。本發明之化合物可在胺之N原子處及/或含N雜環部分受到質子化以形成鹽。術語"游離鹼"係指該等胺化合物呈非鹽形式。所涵蓋醫藥上可接受之鹽不僅包括本文所闡述具體化合物之示例性鹽,而且亦包括所有游
離形式式I化合物之典型醫藥上可接受之鹽。所闡述具體鹽化合物之游離形式可使用該項技術已知的技術分離。舉例而言,該游離形式可藉由用適宜稀鹼性水溶液(例如NaOH、碳酸鉀、氨及碳酸氫鈉之稀水溶液)處理該鹽再生。該等游離形式與其各自鹽形式在某些物理性質(例如,在極性溶劑中的溶解性)上可有區別,但對於本發明之目的而言該等酸式及鹼式鹽亦為其各游離形式之醫藥等效物。
本發明化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽可自包含鹼性或酸性部分之本發明化合物藉由習知化學方法來合成。通常,該等鹼性化合物之鹽係藉由離子交換層析或藉由在適宜溶劑或各種溶劑組合中使該游離鹼與化學計量量或與過量形成期望鹽之無機酸或有機酸反應來製備。同樣,該等酸性化合物之鹽可藉由與適宜無機或有機鹼反應來形成。
因此,本發明化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽包括本發明化合物之習知無毒性鹽,如藉由使鹼性本發明化合物與無機酸、有機酸或聚合酸反應所形成者。舉例而言,習知無毒性鹽包括彼等衍生自無機酸(例如,氫氯酸、氫溴酸、氫碘酸、硫酸、亞硫酸、胺基磺酸、磷酸、亞磷酸、硝酸及諸如此類)者以及自有機酸(例如,乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、硬脂酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、抗壞血酸、巴莫酸、馬來酸、羥基馬來酸、苯基乙酸、麩胺酸、苯甲酸、水楊酸、對胺基苯磺酸、2-乙醯氧基-苯甲酸、富馬酸、甲苯磺酸、甲烷磺酸、乙烷二磺酸、草酸、
羥乙磺酸、棕閭酸、葡萄糖酸、抗壞血酸、苯基乙酸、天冬胺酸、肉桂酸、丙酮酸、乙烷磺酸、乙烷二磺酸、戊酸、三氟乙酸及諸如此類)製備的鹽。適宜聚合酸鹽之實例包括彼等衍生自諸如鞣酸、羧甲基纖維素等聚合物酸者。較佳地,本發明之醫藥上可接受之鹽包含1當量式(I)化合物及1、2或3當量無機酸或有機酸。更具體而言,本發明之醫藥上可接受之鹽係三氟乙酸鹽、氯化物或甲苯磺酸鹽。更具體而言,本發明之醫藥上可接受之鹽係三氟乙酸鹽或氯化物鹽。在一實施例中,該鹽係三氟乙酸鹽。在另一實施例中,該鹽係氯化物。在另一實施例中,該鹽係甲苯磺酸鹽。
當本發明化合物為酸性時,適宜"醫藥上可接受之鹽"係指自醫藥上可接受之無毒性鹼(包括無機鹼及有機鹼)製備的鹽。衍生自無機鹼之鹽包括鋁鹽、銨鹽、鈣鹽、銅鹽、鐵鹽、亞鐵鹽、鋰鹽、鎂鹽、錳鹽、二價錳鹽、鉀鹽、鈉鹽、鋅鹽及諸如此類。尤佳者係銨鹽、鈣鹽、鎂鹽、鉀鹽以及鈉鹽。衍生自醫藥上可接受之有機無毒性鹼的鹽包括一級胺、二級胺及三級胺、經取代胺(包括天然經取代胺)、環胺以及鹼性離子交換樹脂的鹽,諸如精胺酸、離胺酸、甜菜鹼、咖啡因、膽鹼、N,N1
-二苄基乙二胺、乙胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基胺基乙醇、2-二甲基胺基乙醇、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基嗎啉、N-乙基六氫吡啶、還原葡糖胺、葡萄糖胺、組胺酸、哈胺(hydrabamine)、異丙胺、離胺酸、甲基還原葡糖胺、嗎
啉、哌嗪、六氫吡啶、聚胺樹脂、普魯卡因、嘌呤、可可鹼、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、胺丁三醇、三環己基胺、丁胺、苄胺、苯基苄基胺、胺丁三醇等的鹽。
上述醫藥上可接受之鹽及其他典型醫藥上可接受之鹽的製備更全面地闡述於Berg等人(1977),J. pharm. Sci.,
'Pharmaceutical Salts
',66
:1-19中。
亦應注意:由於在生理條件下本發明化合物之去質子化酸性部分(例如,羧基基團)可為陰離子,且該電子電荷隨後可在內部被經質子化或經烷基化鹼性部分(例如,四級氮原子)之陽離子電荷平衡掉,故該化合物可能為內鹽或兩性離子。
在藉由療法治療人類或動物體之方法中可使用本發明之化合物。
本發明提供用於治療或預防可藉由抑制聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)加以改善之病況的化合物(參見,例如,Nature Review Drug Discovery
(2005)4
:421-440)。
因此,本發明提供用於製造藥物之式I化合物,該藥物可用於治療或預防可藉由抑制聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)加以改善之病況。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防可藉由抑制聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)加以改善之病況的方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之PARP抑制劑可用於治療在WO 2005/082368中
所指明的疾病。
本發明之化合物可用於治療炎症性疾病
,包括由器官移植排斥產生的病況,例如;關節之慢性炎症性疾病,包括關節炎、類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎及與骨吸收增強相關之骨疾病;炎症性腸病,例如,回腸炎、潰瘍性結腸炎、巴雷特氏症候群(Barrett's syndrome)及克隆氏病(Crohn's disease);炎症性肺病,例如,哮喘、成人呼吸窘迫症候群及慢性阻塞性氣道疾病;眼睛之炎症性疾病,包括角膜營養不良、顆粒性結膜炎、盤尾絲齒病、葡萄膜炎、交感性眼炎及眼內炎;齒齦之慢性炎症性疾病,包括齒齦炎及牙周炎;肺結核;麻風病;腎臟之炎症性疾病,包括尿毒癥性併發症、腎小球腎炎及腎病;皮膚之炎症性疾病,包括硬化性皮炎、乾癬及濕疹;中樞神經系統之炎症性疾病,包括神經系統之慢性脫髓鞘病、多發性硬化、AIDS相關之神經變性及阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer's disease)、傳染性腦膜炎、腦脊髓炎、帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)、亨庭頓氏病(Huntington's disease)、肌萎縮性側索硬化及病毒性或自身免疫腦炎;糖尿病併發症,包括但不限於免疫複合體血管炎、全身性紅斑狼瘡(SLE);心臟之炎症性疾病,例如,心肌病、局部缺血性心臟病、高膽固醇血症及動脈粥樣硬化;以及各種可能具有明顯炎症性組成之其他疾病,包括先兆子癇、慢性肝臟衰竭、腦和脊髓創傷及多器官功能障礙症候群(MODS)(多器官衰竭(MOF))。該炎症性疾病亦可為個體之全身性炎症,例如,革蘭氏陽性或
革蘭氏陰性休克、出血性或過敏性休克、或由癌症化學治療對促炎細胞因子反應引發的休克,例如,與促炎細胞因子相關之休克。此休克可能(例如)由作為癌症治療投與的化學治療劑引發。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防炎症性疾病之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防炎症性疾病之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療或預防由自然發生事件及在手術操作過程中產生的再灌注損傷
,例如,腸再灌注損傷;心肌再灌注損傷;由心肺分流術、主動脈瘤修復術、頸動脈動脈內膜切除術或出血性休克產生的再灌注損傷;及由諸如心臟、肺、肝臟、腎臟、胰腺、腸及角膜等器官之移植產生的再氧化損傷。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防再灌注損傷之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防再灌注損傷之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療或預防缺血性病症
,包括彼等由器官移植產生者,例如,穩定狹心症、不穩定狹心症、心肌局部缺血、肝臟局部缺血、腸系膜動脈局部缺血、腸局部缺血、嚴重肢體局部缺血、慢性嚴重肢體局部
缺血、大腦局部缺血、急性心臟局部缺血、局部缺血性腎病、局部缺血性肝病、局部缺血性視網膜病症、敗血性休克、及中樞神經系統之局部缺血性疾病,例如,中風或大腦局部缺血。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防缺血性病症之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防缺血性病症之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防中風之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防中風之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療或預防慢性或急性腎衰竭
。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防腎衰竭之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防腎衰竭之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療或預防除心血管疾病外之血管疾病
,例如,外周動脈閉塞、閉塞性血栓血管炎、雷諾氏疾病(Reynaud's disease)及現象、手足發紺、紅斑性肢
痛病、靜脈血栓症、靜脈曲張、動靜脈瘻、淋巴水腫及脂肪水腫。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防除心血管疾病外之血管疾病之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防除心血管疾病外之血管疾病之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療或預防心血管疾病
,例如,慢性心臟衰竭、動脈粥樣硬化、充血性心臟衰竭、循環性休克、心肌病、心臟移植、心肌梗塞、及心律不整,例如,心房纖維性顫動、室上性心動過速、心房撲動、及陣發性房性心動過速。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防心血管疾病之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防心血管疾病之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療或預防糖尿病
,包括I型糖尿病(胰島素依賴性糖尿病)、II型糖尿病(非胰島素依賴性糖尿病)、妊娠糖尿病、自身免疫型糖尿病、胰島素病、由胰臟疾病引起的糖尿病、與其他內分泌疾病相關之糖尿病(例如,庫欣氏症候群(Cushing's Syndrome)、肢端肥大症、嗜鉻細胞瘤、胰高血糖素瘤、原發性醛固酮增多症或生長抑素瘤)、A型胰島素抵抗症候群、B型胰島素抵
抗症候群、脂肪萎縮型糖尿病、及由(3-細胞毒素引發的糖尿病。本發明之化合物亦可用於治療或預防糖尿病併發症,例如,糖尿病性白內障、青光眼、視網膜病、腎病(例如,微量白蛋白尿及進行性糖尿病性腎病)、多發性神經病、足部壞疽、動脈粥樣硬化性管狀動脈疾病、外周動脈疾病、非酮症高血糖症性-高滲性昏迷、單發性神經病變、自律神經病變、足部潰瘍、關節問題、及皮膚或黏膜併發症(例如,感染、脛部斑點、念珠菌感染型或類脂性漸進性壞死型糖尿病性肥胖症)、高血脂症、高血壓、胰島素抵抗症候群、冠狀動脈疾病、視網膜病變、糖尿病性神經病變、多發性神經病變、單發性神經病變、自律神經病變、足部潰瘍、關節問題、真菌感染、細菌感染、及心肌病症。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防糖尿病之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防糖尿病之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療或預防癌症
,包括實體瘤,例如,纖維肉瘤、黏液肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、軟骨肉瘤、骨源性肉瘤、脊索瘤、血管肉瘤、內皮肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴管內皮肉瘤、滑膜瘤、間皮瘤、尤因瘤(Ewing's tumor)、平滑肌肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、腎癌、胰腺癌、骨癌、乳癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、食
管癌、胃癌、口癌、鼻癌、喉癌、鱗狀細胞癌、基底細胞癌、腺癌、汗腺癌、皮脂腺癌、乳頭狀癌、乳頭狀囊腺瘤、囊腺癌、髓質癌、支氣管原癌、腎細胞癌、肝細胞瘤、膽管癌、絨膜癌、精原細胞瘤、胚胎性癌、維爾姆斯瘤(Wilms'tumor)、子宮頸癌、子宮癌、睾丸癌、小細胞肺癌、膀胱癌、肺癌、上皮癌、皮膚癌、黑色素瘤、神經母細胞瘤及成視網膜細胞瘤;血液傳播性癌症,例如,急性成淋巴細胞性白血病("ALL")、急性成淋巴細胞性B-細胞白血病、急性成淋巴細胞T-細胞白血病、急性成髓細胞性白血病("AML')、急性前髓細胞性白血病("APL")、急性單核母細胞性白血病、急性成紅細胞性白血病、急性巨核母細胞性白血病、急性骨髓單核細胞性白血病、急性非淋巴細胞性白血病、未分化急性白血病、慢性髓細胞白血病("CML")、慢性淋巴細胞性白血病("CLL")、毛細胞白血病及多發性骨髓瘤;急性和慢性白血病,例如,成淋巴細胞性、骨髓性、淋巴細胞性、髓細胞性白血病;淋巴瘤,例如,何傑金氏病(Hodgkin's disease)、非何傑金氏(Non-Hodgkin's)淋巴瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、瓦爾登斯特倫氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia)、重鏈病及真性紅細胞增多症;CNS及腦癌,例如,神經膠質瘤、纖維狀細胞性星形細胞瘤、星形細胞瘤、多形性成膠質細胞瘤、多形性膠質母細胞瘤、髓母細胞瘤、顱咽管瘤、室管膜瘤、松果體瘤、血管母細胞瘤、聽神經瘤、少突神經膠質瘤、腦膜瘤、前庭神經鞘瘤、腺瘤、轉移性腦瘤、腦膜
瘤、脊髓瘤及髓母細胞瘤。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防癌症之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防癌症之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療同源重組(HR)依賴性DNADSB修復活性有缺陷之癌症(參見WO 2006/021801)。
HR依賴性DNA DSB修復途徑可藉由同源機制以改造連續DNA螺旋體來修復DNA雙鏈斷裂(DSB)(Nat. Genet.
(2001)27(3)
:247-254)。HR依賴性DNA DSB修復途徑之組成包括但不限於ATM (NM-000051)、RAD51 (NM-002875)、RAD51 L1 (NM-002877)、RAD51 C (NM-002876)、RAD51L3 (NM-002878)、DMC1 (NM-007068)、XRCC2 (NM7005431)、XRCC3 (NM-005432)、RAD52 (NM-002879)、RAD54L (NM-003579)、RAD54B (NM-012415)、BRCA-1 (NM-007295)、BRCA-2(NM-000059)、RAD5O (NM-005732)、MREI 1A (NM-005590)、NBSI (NM-002485)、ADPRT (PARP-1)、ADPRTL2、(PARPO2)CTPS、RPA、RPA1、RPA2、RPA3、XPD、ERCC1、XPF、MMS19、RAD51、RAD51p、RAD51C、RAD51D、DMC1、XRCCR、XRCC3、BRCA1、BRCA2、RAD52、RAD54、RAD50、MRE11、NB51、WRN、BLMKU70、RU80、ATM、ATRCHK1、CHK2、FANCA、FANCB、
FANCC、FANCD1、FANCD2、FANCE、FANCF、FANCG、FANCC、FANCD1、FANCD2、FANCE、FANCF、FANCG、RAD1及RAD9。HR依賴性DNA DSB修復途徑所涉及其他蛋白包括諸如EMSY等調節因子(Cell
(2003)115
:523-535)。
HR依賴性DNA DSB修復有缺陷之癌症可包括一種或多種癌細胞或由一種或多種癌細胞構成,相對於正常細胞,該等癌細胞修復DNA DSB之能力降低或消失,即,HR依賴性DNA DSB修復途徑之活性在該一種或多種癌細胞中降低或消失。
該HR依賴性DNA DSB修復途徑之一種或多種組成的活性在具有HR依賴性DNA DSB修復有缺陷之癌症之個體的一種或多種癌細胞中可能消失。HR依賴性DNA DSB修復途徑之組成在此項技術中受到良好表徵(參見,例如,Science
(2001)291
:1284-1289)且包括上文所列示組成。
本發明提供一種用於製造藥物的式I化合物,該藥物用於治療或預防HR依賴性DNA DSB修復活性有缺陷之癌症。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防HR依賴性DNA DSB修復活性有缺陷之癌症之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
在一實施例中,該等癌細胞一個或多個選自下列之表型的HR依賴性DNA DSB修復活性有缺陷:ATM (NM-000051)、RAD51 (NM-002875)、RAD51 L1 (NM-
002877)、RAD51 C (NM-002876)、RAD51L3 (NM-002878)、DMC1 (NM-007068)、XRCC2 (NM7005431)、XRCC3 (NM-005432)、RAD52 (NM-002879)、RAD54L (NM-003579)、RAD54B (NM-012415)、BRCA-1 (NM-007295)、BRCA-2 (NM-000059)、RAD5O (NM-005732)、MREI 1A (NM-005590)、NBS1 (NM-002485))、ADPRT (PARP-1)、ADPRTL2、(PARPO2)CTPS、RPA、RPA1、RPA2、RPA3、XPD、ERCC1、XPF、MMS19、RAD51、RAD51p、RAD51C、RAD51D、DMC1、XRCCR、XRCC3、BRCA1、BRCA2、RAD52、RAD54、RAD50、MRE11、NB51、WRN、BLMKU70、RU80、ATM、ATRCHK1、CHK2、FANCA、FANCB、FANCC、FANCD1、FANCD2、FANCE、FANCF、FANCG、FANCC、FANCD1、FANCD2、FANCE、FANCF、FANCG、RAD1及RAD9。
在另一實施例中,該等癌細胞具有BRCA1及/或BRCA2缺陷之表型。此表型之癌細胞在BRCA1及/或BRCA2中可能有缺陷,即,BRCA1及/或BRCA2在該等癌細胞中之表現及/或活性可減少或消失,例如,藉助編碼核酸之突變或多肽現象或藉助編碼調節因子之基因(例如,編碼BRCA2調節因子之EMSY基因)之擴增、突變或多肽現象(Cell
(2003)115
:523-535)。
已知BRCA-1及BRCA-2係腫瘤抑制基因,其野生型等位基因通常在雜合載體之腫瘤中丟失(Oycogene
, (2002)21(58)
:8981-93;Trends Mol Med.,
(2002)8(12)
:571-6)。BRCA-1及/或BRCA-2突變體與乳癌之關係已經良好表徵(Exp Clin Cancer Res.
, (2002) 21 (3 Suppl)
:9-12)。亦已知編碼BRCA-2結合因子之EMSY基因的擴增與乳癌及卵巢癌相關。BRCA-1及/或BRCA-2突變之載體亦處於卵巢癌、前列腺癌及胰腺癌之高風險下。BRCA-1及BRCA-2變化之檢測為此項技術所熟知且闡述於(例如)歐洲專利EP 699 754、歐洲專利EP 705 903、Genet. Test
(1992)1
:75-83;Cancer Treat Res
(2002)107
:29-59;Neoplasm
(2003)50(4)
:246-50;Ceska Gynekol
(2003)68(1)
:11-16)中。BRCA-2結合因子EMSY擴增之測定闡述於Cell 115
:523-535中。已經證明PARP抑制劑可用於特異性地殺傷BRCA-1及BRCA-2缺陷之腫瘤(Nature
(2005)434
:913-916及917-920)。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造藥物之式I化合物,該藥物用於治療或預防BRCA-1或BRCA-2缺陷之腫瘤。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防BRCA-1或BRCA-2缺陷之腫瘤之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
在一實施例中,本發明之PARP抑制劑可用於預防性治療以消除BRCA2缺陷之細胞(參見,Cancer Res.
(2005)65
:10145)。
本發明之化合物可用於治療或預防神經退化性疾病
,包括多聚穀胺醯胺擴充相關性神經變性、亨庭頓氏病
(Huntington's disease)、肯尼迪氏病(Kennedy's disease)、脊髓小腦共濟失調、齒狀核紅核蒼白球丘腦下部核萎縮(DRPLA)、蛋白聚集相關性神經變性、馬查多-約瑟夫病(Machado-Joseph's disease)、阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer's disease)、帕金森氏病、肌萎縮性側索硬化、海綿狀腦病、朊病毒相關性疾病及多發性硬化(MS)。
因此,本發明提供一種用於製造用於治療或預防神經退化性疾病之藥物的式I化合物。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療或預防神經退化性疾病之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物之組合物。
本發明之化合物亦可用於治療或預防逆轉錄病毒感染(美國專利US 5652260)、視網膜損害(Curr. Eye Res.
(2004),29
:403)、皮膚老化及UV引發之皮膚損害(美國專利US 5589483及Biochem. pharmacol
(2002)63
:921)。
本發明之化合物可用於治療或預防過早衰老及推遲年齡相關性細胞功能障礙出現(pharmacological Research
(2005)52
:93-99)。
根據標準醫藥實務,本發明之化合物可單獨或與醫藥上接受之載劑、賦形劑、稀釋劑、佐劑、填充劑、緩衝劑、穩定劑、防腐劑、潤滑劑組合以醫藥組合物形式投與哺乳動物,較佳為人類。
本發明之化合物可藉由任一習知投藥途徑投與受試者,無論係以全身/外周方式還是在期望作用點投與,包括但
不限於經口(例如,藉由攝取);局部(包括(例如)經皮、經鼻內、經眼、經口腔及經舌下);肺部(例如,藉由使用(例如)氣溶膠通過(例如)嘴或鼻吸入或吹入療法);直腸;陰道;非經腸(例如,藉由注射,包括皮下、皮內、肌內、靜脈內、動脈內、心臟內、鞘內、脊柱內、莢膜內、囊下、眼窩內、腹膜腔內、氣管內、表皮下、關節內、蛛網膜下及胸骨內注射);及藉由植入儲積物(例如,經皮下或肌內)。
受試者可為真核生物、動物、脊椎動物、哺乳動物、齧齒類動物(例如,天竺鼠、倉鼠、大鼠、小鼠)、鼠科動物(例如,小鼠)、犬科動物(例如,狗)、貓科動物(例如,貓)、馬科動物(例如,馬)、靈長類、猿類(例如,猴子或猿)、猴科動物(例如,絨猴、狒狒)、猿類(例如,大猩猩、黑猩猩、猩猩、長臂猿)或人類。
本發明亦提供包含一種或多種包含本發明化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑的醫藥組合物。包含活性成份之醫藥組合物可呈適於經口使用之形式,例如,錠劑、片劑、菱形錠、水性或油性懸浮液、可分散粉劑或顆粒、乳劑、硬或軟膠囊、或糖漿或酏劑。擬口服使用之組合物可依照業內已知用於製造醫藥組合物之任一方法加以製備且該等組合物可包含一種或多種選自由甜味劑、矯味劑、著色劑及防腐劑組成之群的試劑以提供醫藥上美觀且可口之製劑。錠劑包含該活性成份與適於製造錠劑且在醫藥上可接受之無毒賦形劑的混合物。舉例而言,此等賦形劑可為:惰性稀
釋劑,例如,碳酸鈣、碳酸鈉、乳糖、磷酸鈣或磷酸鈉;造粒劑及崩解劑,例如,微晶纖維素、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、玉米澱粉或藻酸;黏結劑,例如,澱粉、明膠、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮或阿拉伯膠;及潤滑劑,例如,硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸或滑石粉。該等錠劑可無包膜,或其可藉由已知技術包膜以掩蔽令人不愉快之味道或延遲在胃腸道中之崩解及吸收,並藉此提供長期持續作用。舉例而言,可使用水溶性味道掩蔽材料(例如,羥丙基-甲基纖維素或羥丙基纖維素)或時間延遲材料(例如,乙基纖維素、乙酸丁酸纖維素)。
用於口服使用之調配物亦可作為硬明膠膠囊存在,其中該活性成份與惰性固體稀釋劑(例如,碳酸鈣、磷酸鈣或高嶺土)混合;或其可為軟明膠膠囊,其中該活性成份與水溶性載劑(例如,聚乙二醇)或油性媒介(例如,花生油、液體石蠟或橄欖油)混合。
水性懸浮液包含該活性材料與適於製備水性懸浮液之賦形劑混合物。此等賦形劑係懸浮劑,例如,羧甲基纖維素鈉、甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基-纖維素、藻酸鈉、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、黃著膠、黃原膠及阿拉伯樹膠;分散劑或潤濕劑可為天然磷脂(例如,卵磷脂)、或環氧烷與脂肪酸之縮合產物(例如,聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、或環氧乙烷與長鏈脂肪族醇之縮合產物(例如,十七伸乙氧基鯨蠟醇)、或環氧乙烷與衍生自脂肪酸與己糖醇之部分酯的縮合產物(例如,聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇單油酸酯)、或環氧乙烷與衍生自
脂肪酸與己糖醇酐之部分酯的縮合產物(例如,聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐單油酸酯)。該等水性懸浮液亦可包含一種或多種防腐劑,例如,對羥基苯甲酸乙酯或對羥基苯甲酸正丙酯;一種或多種著色劑、一種或多種矯味劑及一種或多種諸如蔗糖、糖精或阿斯巴甜(aspartame)等甜味劑。
可藉由將該活性成份懸浮於植物油(例如,花生油、橄欖油、芝麻油或椰子油)中或懸浮於諸如液體石蠟等礦物油中來調配油性懸浮液。該等油性懸浮液可包含增稠劑,例如,蜂蠟、硬石蠟或十六烷醇。可加入甜味劑(例如,上文所述彼等)及矯味劑以提供適口口服製劑。此等組合物可藉由添加抗氧化劑(例如,丁基化羥基苯甲醚或α-生育酚)來保存。
適於藉由添加水來製備水性懸浮液之可分散粉末及顆粒可包含活性成份與分散劑或潤濕劑、懸浮劑及一種或多種防腐劑之混合物。適宜分散劑或潤濕劑及懸浮劑係藉由彼等已於上文中提及者來示例。亦可存在其他賦形劑,例如,甜味劑、矯味劑及著色劑。此等組合物可藉由添加抗氧化劑(例如,抗壞血酸)加以保存。
本發明之醫藥組合物亦可呈水包油乳劑形式。油相可為植物油(例如,橄攬油或花生油)或礦物油(例如,液體石蠟)或該等之混合物。適宜乳化劑可為天然磷脂(例如,大豆卵磷脂)及衍生自脂肪酸與己糖醇肝之酯或部分酯(例如,山梨醇酐單油酸酸酯)及該等部分酯與環氧乙烷之縮合產物(例如,聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐單油酸酯)。該等乳劑亦
可包含甜味劑、矯味劑、防腐劑及抗氧化劑。
糖漿及酏劑可使用甜味劑(例如,甘油、丙二醇、山梨糖醇或蔗糖)調配。該等調配物亦可含有緩和劑、防腐劑、矯味劑和著色劑及抗氧化劑。
該等醫藥組合物可為無菌注射水溶液形式。可採用的可接受媒劑及溶劑有水、林格氏(Ringer's)溶液及等滲氯化鈉溶液。
該無菌注射製劑亦可為其中該活性成份溶於油相中之無菌注射水包油微乳液。舉例而言,可首先將該活性成份溶於大豆油及卵磷脂之混合物中。然後將該油性溶液引入水與甘油混合物中並處理,形成微乳液。
該等可注射溶液或微乳液可藉由局部單次注射引入患者之血流中。或者,可有利地以維持本發明化合物之恆定循環濃度之方式投與該溶液或微乳液。為維持此恆定濃度,可使用持續靜脈內遞送裝置。此裝置之實例係Deltec CADD-PLUSTM
5400型靜脈內幫浦。
該等醫藥組合物可為用於肌內及皮下投與之無菌注射水性或油性懸浮液形式。該懸浮液可木艮據已知技術使用彼等已於上文提及之適宜分散劑或潤濕劑及懸浮劑加以調配。無菌可注射製劑亦可為存於無毒非經腸可接受之稀釋劑或溶劑中之無菌可注射溶液或懸浮液,例如,溶於1,3-丁二醇中之溶液。此外,習慣上採用無菌不揮發油作為溶劑或懸浮介質。任何溫和不揮發油(包括合成甘油單酯或甘油二酯)均可用於此目的。此外,在可注射製劑中可使用諸
如油酸等脂肪酸。
對於該藥物之直腸投與而言,式I化合物亦可以栓劑形式投與。可藉由將該藥物與適宜無刺激賦形劑混合來製備該等組合物,該賦形劑在常溫下為固體但在直腸溫度下為液體且因而在直腸中融化以釋放該藥物。此等材料包括可可油、甘油明膠、氫化植物油、各分子量之聚乙二醇與聚乙二醇之脂肪酸酯之混合物。
對於局部使用而言,可採用含式I化合物之乳霜、軟膏、凝膠、溶液或懸浮液等。(對於本申請案而言,局部應用應包括漱口藥水及漱口藥。)
本發明之化合物可以鼻內形式藉由局部使用適宜鼻內媒劑及遞送裝置投與,或藉由經皮途徑使用彼等熟習該項技術者熟知的經皮皮膚貼片形式投與。當然,對於以經皮遞送系統形式投藥而言,整個劑量方案投與劑量應為連續的而非間歇的。本發明之化合物亦可作為栓劑採用諸如下列等基質遞送:可可油、甘油明膠、氫化植物油、各種分子量之聚乙二醇與聚乙二醇之脂肪酸酯的混合物。
當對受試者投與本發明之化合物時,該經選擇劑量水平應端視各種因素而定,該等因素包括但不限於具體化合物之活性、個體症狀之嚴重性、投與途徑、投與時間、該化合物之排泄速率、治療持續時間、該組合中所用其他藥物、化合物及/或材料、及患者之年齡、性別、重量、狀況、總體健康狀況及先前病史。化合物之數量及投與途徑最終應由醫師決定,但通常該劑量在作用點應達到達成期
望效果而不會造成實質性傷害或有害副作用之局部濃度。
活體內投與可在整個治療期間以單劑量連續或間歇方式(例如,以適宜間隔分劑量)實施。確定最有效投與方法及劑量之方法已為彼等熟習該項技術者所習知且應隨用於治療之調配物、治療目的、所治療靶細胞及所治療受試者而變化。可根據治療醫師所選擇劑量水平及模式實施單次或多次投與。
一般而言,該活性化合物之適宜劑量係介於約100微克至約250毫克/公斤受試者體重/天之間。當該活性化合物為鹽、酯、前藥或類似物時,根據母體化合物計算所投與之量且因此實際所用重量應成正比增加。
本發明之化合物亦可與抗癌劑或化學治療劑組合使用。
本發明之化合物亦可用作癌症治療之化學增敏劑及放射增敏劑。其可用於治療先前已經受或目前正經受癌症治療之哺乳動物。此等先前治療包括預先化學治療、放射治療、手術或免疫治療(例如,接種癌症疫苗)。
因此,本發明提供一種用於同時、分開或相繼投藥之式I化合物及抗癌劑的組合。
本發明提供一種用於同時、分開或相繼投藥之式I化合物、放射治療及另一化學治療劑之組合。
本發明亦提供一種用於製造藥物之式I化合物,該藥物用作癌症治療之佐劑或藉由與電離輻射或化學治療劑組合以加強腫瘤細胞治療。
本發明亦提供式I化合物在製造藥物中之用途,該藥物
用作癌症治療之佐劑或藉由與電離輻射或其他化學治療劑組合以加強腫瘤細胞治療。該等化合物亦可與電離輻射及其他化學治療劑組合使用。
本發明亦提供一種化學治療或放射治療之方法,該方法包括對有需要的患者投與有效量的式I化合物或包含式I化合物以及電離輻射或化學治療劑之組合物。該等化合物亦可與電離輻射及其他化學治療劑組合投與。
在組合治療中,本發明之化合物可在投與另一抗癌劑之前(例如,5分鐘、15分鐘、30分鐘、45分鐘、1小時、2小時、4小時、6小時、12小時、24小時、48小時、72小時、96小時、1周、2周、3周、4周、5周、6周、8周、或12周前)、同時、或之後(例如,5分鐘、15分鐘、30分鐘、45分鐘、1小時、2小時、4小時、6小時、12小時、24小時、48小時、72小時、96小時、1周、2周、3周、4周、5周、6周、8周、或12周後)投與有需要的受試者。在各實施例中,本發明之化合物與另一抗癌劑可間隔1分鐘、間隔10分鐘、間隔30分鐘、間隔不足1小時、間隔1小時至2小日寺、間隔2小時至3小時、間隔3小時至4小時、間隔4小時至5小時、間隔5小時至6小時、間隔6小時至7小時、間隔7小時至8小時、間隔8小時至9小時、間隔9小時至10小時、間隔10小時至11小時、間隔11小時至12小時、間隔不超過24小時、或間隔不超過48小時投與。
本發明之化合物及另一抗癌劑可以加合方式或協同方式起作用。本發明化合物與另一抗癌劑之協同組合可有利於
使用較低劑量的此等藥劑中的一種或兩種及/或較小頻率投予本發明化合物及其他抗癌劑中的一種或兩種及/或以較小頻率投與該等藥劑,此可在不降低該等藥劑在癌症治療中之功效的情況下減少與投與給受試者之藥劑相關之任何毒性。另外,協同效應可改良此等藥劑在癌症治療中之功效及/或減少與單獨使用任一藥劑相關之任何不良或不期望副作用。
與本發明化合物組合使用之抗癌劑或化學治療劑之實例可發現於Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology
by V.T. Devita及S. Hellman(編者),第6版(2001年2月15日),LippincottWilliams & Wilkins Publishers中。普通技術人員應能夠根據該等藥物之具體特性及所涉及癌症辨別出可使用哪種藥劑組合。該等抗癌劑包括但不限於以下:HDAC抑制劑、雌激素受體調節劑、雄激素受體調節劑、類視色素受體調節劑、細胞毒性/細胞生長抑制劑、抗增生藥劑、異戊二烯基蛋白轉移酶抑制劑、HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑、HIV蛋白酶抑制劑、逆轉錄酶抑制劑及其他血管生成抑制劑、細胞增生及存活信號傳導之抑制劑、細胞凋亡誘導藥劑及干擾細胞週期檢測點之藥劑。本發明化合物在與輻射療法共同實施時尤其有用。
"HDAC抑制劑"之實例包括辛二醯基苯胺異羥肟酸(SAHA)、LAQ824、LBH589、PXD101、MS275、FK228、丙戊酸、丁酸及CI-994。
"雌激素受體調節劑"係指干擾或抑制雌激素與受體結合
(與作用機制無關)之化合物。雌激素受體調節劑之實例包括但不限於他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、艾多昔芬(idoxifene)、LY353381、LY117081、托瑞米芬(toremifene)、氟維司群(fulvestrant)、4-[7-(2,2-二甲基-1-氧代基丙氧基-4-甲基-2-[4-[2-(1-六氫吡啶基)乙氧基]苯基]-2H
-1-苯并吡喃-3-基]-苯基-2,2-二甲基丙酸酯、4,4'-二羥基二苯基酮-2,4-二硝基苯基-腙及SH646。
"雄激素受體調節劑"係指干擾或抑制雄激素與受體結合(與作用機制無關)之化合物。雄激素受體調節劑之實例包括非那雄胺(finasteride)及其他5α-還原酶抑制劑、尼魯米特(nilutamide)、氟他胺(flutamide)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、利阿唑(liarozole)及乙酸阿比特龍(abiraterone acetate)。
"類視色素受體調節劑"係指干擾或抑制類視色素與受體結合(與作用機制無關)之化合物。此等類視色素受體調節劑之實例包括貝沙羅汀(bexarotene)、維A酸(tretinoin)、13-順式-視黃酸、9-順式-視黃酸、α-二氟甲基鳥胺酸、ILX23-7553、反式-N
-(4'-羥基苯基)視黃醯胺、及N
-4-羧基苯基視黃醯胺。
"細胞毒性/細胞生長抑制劑"係指主要藉由直接干擾該細胞之機能或抑制或干擾細胞有絲分裂而導致細胞死亡或抑制細胞增生的化合物,其包括烷基化劑、腫瘤壞死因子、嵌入劑、低氧可活化化合物、微管抑制劑/微管穩定劑、有絲分裂驅動蛋白之抑制劑、有絲分裂進程中所涉及激酶之抑制劑、抗代謝藥;生物反應調節劑;激素/抗激素類
治療劑、造血生長因子、單株抗體靶向治療劑、拓撲異構酶抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑及泛素連接酶抑制劑。
細胞毒性劑之實例包括但不限於:環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)(BCNU)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)(CCNU)、白消安(busulfan)、曲奧舒凡(treosulfan)、塞特那(sertenef)、惡病質素(cachectin)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、他索那明(tasonermin)、氯尼達明(lonidamine)、卡鉑、六甲嘧胺(altretamine)、潑尼莫司汀(prednimustine)、二溴衛矛醇(dibromodulcitol)、雷莫司汀(ranimustine)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、奈達鉑(nedaplatin)、奧利鉑脂質體(aroplatin)、奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)、替莫唑胺、甲烷磺酸甲酯、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、庚鉑(heptaplatin)、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、對苯甲磺酸英丙舒凡(improsulfan tosilate)、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)、二溴螺氯銨(dibrospidium chloride)、嘌嘧替派(pumitepa)、樂鉑(lobaplatin)、沙鉑(satraplatin)、甲基絲裂黴素(profiromycin)、順鉑、伊羅夫文(irofulven)、右異環磷醯胺(dexifosfamide)、順式-胺二氯(2-甲基-吡啶)鉑、苄基鳥嘌呤、葡磷醯胺(glufosfamide)、GPX100、四氯化(反,反,反)-雙-μ-(己烷-1,6-二胺)-μ-[二胺-鉑(II)]雙[二胺(氯)鉑(II)]、二氮丙啶基精胺(diaziridinylspermine)、三氧化二砷、1-(11-十二烷基胺基-10-羥基十一烷基)-3,7-二甲基黃嘌呤、佐柔比星(zorubicin)、伊達比星(idarubicin)、柔紅黴素
(daunorubicin)、比生群(bisantrene)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、吡柔比星(pirarubicin)、吡萘非特(pinafide)、伐蘆比星(valrubicin)、氨柔比星(amrubicin)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、吡柔比星(pirarubicin)、抗贅瘤物、3'-去胺基-3'-嗎啉基-13-脫氧-10-羥基洋紅黴素、脂質體蒽環黴素(annamycin)、加蘭柔比星(galarubicin)、依利奈法德(elinafide)、MEN10755、及4-去甲氧基-3-去胺基-3-氮丙啶基-4-甲基磺醯基-柔紅黴素(參見WO 00/50032)。其他實例包括Raf激酶抑制劑(例如,Bay43-9006)及mTOR抑制劑(例如,Wyeth's CCI-779及Ariad AP23573)。其他實例係PI3K抑制劑(例如,LY294002)。
在一實施例中,本發明之化合物可與烷基化劑組合使用。
烷基化劑之實例包括但不限於氮芥類:環磷醯胺、異環磷醯胺、曲磷胺及苯丁酸氮芥;亞硝基脲類:卡莫司汀(BCNU)及洛莫司汀(CCNU);烷基磺酸酯類:白消安及曲奧舒凡(treosulfan);三氮烯類;達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)及替莫唑胺;含鉑錯合物:順鉑、卡鉑、奧利鉑脂質體及奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)。
在一實施例中,該烷基化劑係達卡巴嗪。可以介於約150 mg/m2
(受試者體表面積)至約250 mg/m2
之劑量對受試者投與達卡巴嗪。在另一實施例中,可連續5天以介於約150 mg/m2
至約250 mg/m2
間之劑量每天一次對受試者經靜脈內投與達卡巴嗪。
在一實施例中,該烷基化劑係丙卡巴肼。可以介於約50 mg/m2
(受試者體表面積)至約100 mg/m2
間之劑量對受試者投與丙卡巴肼。在另一實施例中,可連續5天以介於約50 mg/m2
至約100 mg/m2
間之劑量每天一次對受試者經靜脈內投與丙卡巴肼。
在一實施例中,該烷基化劑係替莫唑胺。可以介於約150 mg/m2
(受試者體表面積)至約200 mg/m2
間之劑量對受試者投與替莫唑胺。在另一實施例中,可連續5天以介於約150 mg/m2
至約200 mg/m2
間之劑量每天一次對動物經口投與替莫唑胺。
抗有絲分裂劑之實例包括:同分異構秋水仙鹼(allocolchicine)、軟海綿素B(halichondrin B)、秋水仙鹼、秋水仙鹼衍生物、多拉司他汀(dolstatin)10、美登素(maytansine)、根黴素(rhizoxin)、硫代秋水仙鹼(thiocolchicine)及半胱胺酸三苯甲基酯。
低氧可活化化合物之實例係替拉紮明(tirapazamine)。
蛋白酶體抑制劑之實例包括但不限於乳胞素(lactacystin)、波替單抗(bortezomib)、伊波索米辛(epoxomicin)及肽醛類,例如,MG 132、MG 115及PSI。
微管抑制劑/微管穩定劑之實例包括紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、硫酸長春地辛(vindesine sulfate)、長春新鹼(vincristine)、長春花鹼(vinblastine)、長春瑞濱(vinorelbine)、3',4'-二脫氫-4'-脫氧-8'-去甲長春鹼、多西紫杉醇(docetaxol)、根黴素(rhizoxin)、多拉司他汀(dolastatin)、羥乙磺酸米伏布林
(mivobulin isethionate)、奧裏斯他汀(auristatin)、西馬多丁(cemadotin)、RPR109881、BMS184476、長春氟寧(vinflunine)、克利特非辛(cryptophycin)、2,3,4,5,6-五氟-N
-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)苯磺醯胺、脫水長春花鹼(anhydrovinblastine)、N
,N
-二甲基-L-顯胺醯基-L-纈胺醯基-N-甲基-L-顯胺醯基-L-脯胺醯基-L-脯胺酸-第三-丁醯胺、TDX258、埃坡黴素(epothilone)(參見,例如,美國專利第6,284,781號及第6,288,237號)及BMS188797。
拓撲異構酶抑制劑之某些實例係拓撲替康、hycaptamine、伊立替康、魯比替康(rubitecan)、依克沙替康(exatecan)、吉馬替康(gimetecan)、雙氟莫替康(diflomotecan)、甲矽烷基-喜樹鹼(silyl-camptothecin)、9-胺基喜樹鹼、喜樹鹼、克立那托(crisnatol)、絲裂黴素(mitomycin C)、6-乙氧基丙醯基-3',4',O-外-亞苄基-教酒菌素(chartreusin)、9-甲氧基-N
,N
-二甲基-5-硝基吡唑并[3,4,5-kl]吖啶-2-(6H
)丙胺、1-胺基-9-乙基-5-氟-2,3-二氫-9-羥基-4-甲基-1H
,12H
-苯并[de]吡喃並[3',4':b,7]-吲嗪並[1,2b]喹啉-10,13(9H
,15H
)二酮、勒托替康(lurtotecan)、7-[2-(N
-異丙基胺基)乙基]-(20S)喜樹鹼、BNP1350、BNPI1100、BN80915、BN80942、磷酸依託泊苷(etoposide phosphate)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、索布佐生(sobuzoxane)、2'-二甲基胺基-2'-脫氧-依託泊苷、GL331、N
-[2-(二甲基胺基)乙基]-9-羥基-5,6-二甲基-6H
-吡啶并[4,3-b]咔唑-1-甲醯胺、asulacrine、(5a、5aB、8aa,9b)-9-[2-[N
-[2-(二甲基胺基)乙
基]-N
-甲基胺基]乙基]-5-[4-羥基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基]-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-六氫呋喃並(3',4':6,7)萘并(2,3-d)-1,3-二氧雜環戊二烯-6-酮、2,3-(亞甲基二氧基)-5-甲基-7-羥基-8-甲氧基苯并[c]-菲啶鎓、6,9-雙[(2-胺基乙基)胺基]苯并[g]異喹啉-5,10-二酮、5-(3-胺基丙基胺基)-7,10-二羥基-2-(2-羥基乙基胺基甲基)-6H
-吡唑并[4,5,1-de]吖啶-6-酮、N
-[1-[2(二乙基胺基)乙基胺基]-7-甲氧基-9-氧代基-9H-噻噸-4-基甲基]甲醯胺、N
-(2-(二甲基胺基)乙基)吖啶-4-甲醯胺、6-[[2-(二甲基胺基)乙基]胺基]-3-羥基-7H
-茚并[2,1-c]喹啉-7-酮、及地美司鈉(dimesna);非喜樹鹼型拓撲異構酶-1抑制劑,例如,吲哚并咔唑;及雙重拓撲異構酶-1及II抑制劑,例如,苯并吩嗪、XR20 115761MLN 576及苯并吡啶并吲哚。
在一實施例中,該拓撲異構酶抑制劑係伊立替康。可以介於約50 mg/m2
(受試者體表面積)至約150 mg/m2
間之劑量對受試者投與伊立替康。在另一實施例中,可連續5天(第1天至第5天)以介於約50 mg/m2
至約150 mg/m2
間之劑量每天一次對受試者經靜脈內投與伊立替康,隨後連續5天(第28天至第32天)以介於約50 mg/m2
至約150 mg/m2
間之劑量每天一次再次經靜脈內投藥,隨後連續5天(第55天至第59天)以介於約50 mg/m2
至約150 mg/m2
間之劑量每天一次再次經靜脈內投藥。
有絲分裂驅動蛋白(且具體而言,係人類有絲分裂驅動蛋白KSP)抑制劑之實例闡述於PCT公開案WO 01/30768、
WO 01/98278、WO 02/056880、WO 03/050,064、WO 03/050,122、WO 03/049,527、WO 03/049,679、WO 03/049,678、WO 03/039460、WO 03/079973、WO 03/099211、WO 2004/039774、WO 03/105855、WO 03/106417、WO 2004/087050、WO 2004/058700、WO 2004/058148和WO 2004/037171及美國專利申請案US 2004/132830和US 2004/132719中。在一實施例中,有絲分裂驅動蛋白之抑制劑包括但不限於KSP之抑制劑、MKLP1之抑制劑、CENP-E之抑制劑、MCAK之抑制劑、Kifl4之抑制劑、Mphosph1之抑制劑及Rab6-KIFL之抑制劑。
"有絲分裂進程中所涉及激酶之抑制劑"包括但不限於aurora激酶之抑制劑、Polo樣激酶(PLK)之抑制劑(具體而言,係PLK-1之抑制劑)、bub-1之抑制劑及bub-R1之抑制劑。
"抗增生劑"包括反義RNA及DNA寡核苷酸類,例如,G3139、ODN698、RVASKRAS、GEM231、及INX3001;及抗代謝物,例如,依諾他濱(enocitabine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、替加氟(tegafur)、噴司他丁(pentostatin)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate)、氟達拉濱(fludarabine)、卡培他濱(capecitabine)、加洛他濱(galocitabine)、阿糖胞苷十八烷基磷酸鈉(cytarabine ocfosfate)、(fosteabine sodium hydrate)、雷替曲塞(raltitrexed)、(paltitrexid)、乙嘧替氟(emitefur)、噻唑呋林(tiazofurin)、地西他濱(decitabine)、諾拉曲塞
(nolatrexed)、培美曲塞(pemetrexed)、奈拉濱(nelzarabine)、2'-脫氧-2-亞甲基胞苷、2-氟亞甲基-2'-脫氧胞苷、N
-[5-(2,3-二氫-苯并呋喃基)磺醯基]-N
'-(3,4-二氯苯基)脲、N
6-[4-脫氧-4-[N
2-[2(E),4(E)-十四碳二烯醯基]甘胺醯基胺基]-L-丙三氧基-B-L-甘露-七吡喃糖基]腺嘌呤、aplidine、海鞘素(ecteinascidin)、曲沙他濱(troxacitabine)、4-[2-胺基-4-氧代基-4,6,7,8-四氫-3H
-嘧啶并[5,4-b][1,4]噻嗪-6-基-(S
)-乙基]-2,5-噻吩基-L-麩胺酸、胺基蝶呤、5-氟尿嘧啶、阿拉諾新(alanosine)、11-乙醯基-8-(胺甲醯氧基甲基)-4-甲醯基-6-甲氧基-14-氧雜基-1,11-二氮雜四環并(7.4.1.0.0)-十四碳-2,4,6-三烯-9-基乙酸酯、苦馬豆素(swainsonine)、洛美曲索(lometrexol)、右雷佐生(dexrazoxane)、甲硫胺酸酶、2'-氰基-2'-脫氧-N
4-棕櫚醯基-1-B-D-呋喃阿糖基胞嘧啶及3-胺基吡啶-2-甲醛縮胺基硫脲。
單株抗體靶向治療劑之實例包括彼等具有與癌細胞特異性或靶細胞特異性單株抗體連接之細胞毒性因子或放射性同位素的治療劑。實例包括百克沙(Bexxar)。
"HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑"係指3-羥基-3-甲基戊二醯基-CoA還原酶之抑制劑。可使用的HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑之實例包括但不限於洛伐他汀(lovastatin)(MEVACOR®
;參見美國專利第4,231,938號、第4,294,926號及第4,319,039號)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)(ZOCOR®
;參見美國專利第4,444,784號、第4,820,850號及第4,916,239號)、普伐他汀
(pravastatin)(PRAVACHOL®
;參見美國專利第4,346,227號、第4,537,859號、第4,410,629號、第5,030,447號及第5,180,589號)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)(LESCOL®
;參見美國專利第5,354,772號、第4,911,165號、第4,929,437號、第5,189,164號、第5,118,853號、第5,290,946號及第5,356,896號)及阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)(LIPITOR®
;參見美國專利第5,273,995號、第4,681,893號、第5,489,691號及第5,342,952號)。此等及本發明方法可使用的其他HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑之結構式闡述於M. Yalpani, "Cholesterol Lowering Drugs",Chemistry & Industry
,第85-89頁(1996年2月5日)之第87頁及美國專利第4,782,084號及第4,885,314號中。本文所用術語HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑包括具有HMG-CoA還原酶抑制活性之化合物的所有醫藥上可接受之內酯及開環酸形式(即,其中內酯環打開以形成游離酸)以及鹽和酯形式,且因此此等鹽、酯、開環酸及內酯形式之使用屬於本發明之範圍。
"異戊二烯基-蛋白轉移酶抑制劑"係指一種可抑制任一種或任一組合的異戊二烯基-蛋白轉移酶酵素之化合物,該等異戊二烯基-蛋白轉移酶酵素包括法呢基-蛋白轉移酶(FPTase)、I型尨牛兒基尨牛兒基-蛋白轉移酶(GGPTase-I)、及II型尨牛兒基尨牛兒基-蛋白轉移酶(GGPTase-II,亦稱為Rab GGPTase)。
異戊二烯基-蛋白轉移酶抑制劑之實例可發現於下列公開案及專利中:WO 96/30343、WO 97/18813、WO 97/21701、
WO 97/23478、WO 97/38665、WO 98/28980、WO 98/29119、WO 95/32987、美國專利第5,420,245號、美國專利第5,523,430號、美國專利第5,532,359號、美國專利第5,510,510號、美國專利第5,589,485號、美國專利第5,602,098號、歐洲專利公開案0 618 221、歐洲專利公開案0 675 112、歐洲專利公開案0 604 181、歐洲專利公開案0 696 593、WO 94/19357、WO 95/08542、WO 95/11917、WO 95/12612、WO 95/12572、WO 95/10514、美國專利第5,661,152號、WO 95/10515、WO 95/10516、WO 95/24612、WO 95/34535、WO 95/25086、WO 96/05529、WO 96/06138、WO 96/06193、WO 96/16443、WO 96/21701、WO 96/21456、WO 96/22278、WO 96/24611、WO 96/24612、WO 96/05168、WO 96/05169、WO 96/00736、美國專利第5,571,792號、WO 96/17861、WO 96/33159、WO 96/34850、WO 96/34851、WO 96/30017、WO 96/30018、WO 96/30362、WO 96/30363、WO 96/31111、WO 96/31477、WO 96/31478、WO 96/31501、WO 97/00252、WO 97/03047、WO 97/03050、WO 97/04785、WO 97/02920、WO 97/17070、WO 97/23478、WO 97/26246、WO 97/30053、WO 97/44350、WO 98/02436、及美國專利第5,532,359號。對於異戊二烯基-蛋白轉移酶抑制劑對血管生成作用之實例,可參見European J. of Cancer
(1999),35(9)
:1394-1401。
"血管生成抑制劑"係指一種可抑制新穎血管形成(與作用
機制無關)之化合物。血管生成抑制劑之實例包括但不限於諸如酪胺酸激酶受體Flt-1 (VEGFR1)及Flk-1/KDR(VEGFR2)之抑制劑等酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、表皮源、纖維母細胞源或血小板源生長因子之抑制劑、MMP(基質金屬蛋白酶)抑制劑、整合素阻滯劑、干擾素-α、介白素-12、多硫酸戊聚糖酯(pentosan polysulfate)、環氧合酶抑制劑,包括非類固醇抗炎劑(NSAID)(如阿司匹林(aspirin)及布洛芬(ibuprofen))以及選擇性環氧合酶-2抑制劑(如塞利西蔔(celecoxib)及羅非考昔(rofecoxib))(PNAS
(1992)89
:7384;JNCI
(1982)69
:475;Arch. Opthalmol.
(1990)108
:573;Anat. Rec.
(1994)238
:68;FEBS Letters
(1995)372
:83;Clin, Orthop.
(1995)313
:76;J. Mol. Endocrinol
. (1996)16
:107;Jpn. J. Pharmacol.
(1997)75
:105;Cancer Res.
(1997)57
:1625 (1997);Cell
(1998)93
:705;Intl. J. Mol. Med.
(1998)2
:715;J. Biol. Chem.
(1999)274
:9116))、類固醇抗炎劑(例如,皮質類固醇、鹽皮質激素、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、潑尼松(prednisone)、潑尼松龍(prednisolone)、甲潑尼龍、倍他米松(betamethasone))、甲醯胺三唑、康布瑞塔卡汀A-4(combretastatin A-4)、角鯊胺、6-O-氯乙醯基-羰基)-煙麯黴醇(fumagillol)、沙立度胺(thalidomide)、血管抑制素、肌鈣蛋白-1、血管緊張素II拮抗劑(參見J. Lab. Clin. Med.
(1985)105
:141-145)、及VEGF抗體(參見Nature Biotechnology
(1999)17
:963-968; Kim等人(1993)Nature392
:841-844; WO 00/44777;及WO
00/61186)。
可調節或抑制血管生成且亦可與本發明化合物組合使用之其他治療劑包括可調節或抑制凝固及纖維蛋白溶解系統之藥劑(參見Clin. Chem. La. Med.
(2000)38
:679-692)。可調節或抑制凝固及纖維蛋白溶解途徑之此等藥劑的實例包括但不限於肝素(參見Thromb. Haemost.
(1998)80
:10-23)、低分子量肝素及羧肽酶U抑制劑(亦稱作活性凝血酶可活化纖維蛋白溶解抑制因子[TAFIa]之抑制劑)(參見Thrombosis Res.
(2001)101
:329-354)。TAFIa抑制劑已闡述於PCT公開案WO 03/013,526及美國專利第60/349,925號(2002年1月18日提出申請)中。
"干擾細胞週期檢查點之藥劑"係指可抑制轉導細胞週期檢查點信號之蛋白激酶,藉此致使癌細胞對DNA損害劑敏感的化合物。此等藥劑包括ATR、ATM、Chk1及Chk2激酶之抑制劑及cdk和cdc激酶抑制劑且其具體實例為7-羥基星形孢菌素、星形孢菌素、夫拉平度(flavopiridol)、CYC202 (Cyclacel)及BMS-387032。
"細胞增生及存活信號傳導途徑之抑制劑"係指可抑制細胞表面受體及此等表面受體下游信號轉導通路之醫藥劑。此等藥劑包括EGFR之抑制劑(例如,吉非替尼(gefitinib)及埃羅替尼(erlotinib))、ERB-2之抑制劑(例如,曲司佐單抗(trastuzumab))、IGFR之抑制劑(例如,彼等揭示於WO 03/059951中者)、細胞因子受體之抑制劑、MET之抑制劑、PI3K之抑制劑(例如,LY294002)、絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激
酶(包括但不限於Akt之抑制劑,例如闡述於WO 03/086404、WO 03/086403、WO 03/086394、WO 03/086279、WO 02/083675、WO 02/083139、WO 02/083140及WO 02/083138中者)、Raf激酶之抑制劑(例如,BAY-43-9006)、MEK之抑制劑(例如,CI-1040及PD-098059)及mTOR之抑制劑(例如,Wyeth CCI-779及Ariad AP23573)。此等藥劑包括小分子抑制劑化合物及抗體拮抗劑。
"細胞凋亡誘導劑"包括TNF受體家族成員(包括TRAIL受體)之激活劑。
在一實施例中,本發明之化合物可聯合一種或多種(特定言之,一種、兩種或三種)選自替莫唑胺、順鉑、卡鉑、奧沙利鉑、伊立替康及拓撲替康之藥劑用於治療癌症。
本發明之化合物亦可聯合任一種或多種下列治療劑用於治療癌症:阿巴瑞克(abarelix)(Plenaxis depot®
);阿地白介素(aldesleukin)(Prokine®
);阿地白介素(Aldesleukin)(Proleukin®
);阿侖珠單抗(Alemtuzumabb)(Campath®
);阿曲諾英(alitretinoin)(Panretin®
);別嘌呤醇(allopurinol)(Zyloprim®
);六甲嘧胺(altretamine)(Hexalen®
);胺磷汀(amifostine)(Ethyol®
);阿那曲唑(anastrozole)(Arimidek®
);三氧化二砷(Trisenox®
);天冬醯胺酶(Elspar®
);阿紮胞苷(azacitidine)(Vidaza®
);貝伐單抗(bevacuzimab)(Avastin®
);貝沙羅汀(bexarotene)膠囊(Targretin®
);貝沙羅汀凝膠(Targretin®
);博來黴素(bleomycin)(Blenoxane®
);波替單
抗(bortezomib)(Velcade®
);靜脈內使用的白消安(Busulfex®
);口服白消安(Myleran®
);卡普睾酮(calusterone)(Methosarb®
);卡培他濱(capecitabine)(Xeloda®
);卡鉑(Paraplatin®
);卡莫司汀(BCNU®
,BiCNU®
);卡莫司汀(Gliadel®
);卡莫司汀與聚苯丙生20植入物(Gliadel Wafer®
);塞利西葡(Celebrex®
);西土西單抗(cetuximab)(Erbitux®
);苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)(Leukeran®
);順鉑(Platinol®
);克拉屈濱(cladribine)(Leustatin®
,2-CdA®
);氯苯吩嗪(clofarabine)(Clolar®
);環磷醯胺(Cytoxan®
,Neosar®
);環磷醯胺(Cytoxan Injection®
);環磷醯胺(Cytoxan Tablet®
);阿糖胞苷(Cytosar-U®
)!阿糖胞苷脂質體(DepoCyt®
);達卡巴嗪(DTIC-Dome®
);更生黴素(dactinomycin),放線菌素D(actinomycin D)(Cosmegen®
);促紅血球生成素α(Darbepoetin alfa)(Aranesp®
);柔紅黴素脂質體(DanuoXome®
);柔紅黴素,道諾黴素(daunomycin)(Daunorubicin®
);柔紅黴素,道諾黴素(Cerubidine®
);地尼白介素2(Denileukin diftitox)(Ontak®
);右雷佐生(dexrazoxane)(Zinecard®
);多西他賽(docetaxel)(Taxotere®
);多柔比星(Adriamycin PFS®
);多柔比星(Adriamycin®
,Rubex®
);多柔比星(Adriamycin PFS Injection®
);多柔比星脂質體(Doxil®
);丙酸甲雄烷酮(Dromostanolone®
);丙酸甲雄烷酮(Masterone Injection®
);愛立特氏(Elliott's)B溶液(Elliott's B Solution®
);表柔比星(epirubicin)(Ellence®
);阿法依伯汀(Epoetin alfa)(epogen®
);埃羅替尼(erlotinib)(Tarceva®
);
雌莫司汀(estramustine)(Emcyt®
);磷酸依託泊苷(etoposidephosphate)(Etopophos®
);依託泊苷(etoposide),VP-16(Vepesid®
);依西美坦(exemestane)(Aromasin®
);非格司亭(Filgrastim)(Neupogen®
);氟尿苷(動脈內)(FUDR®
);氟達拉濱(fludarabine)(Fludara®
);氟尿嘧啶,5-FU(Adrucil®
);氟維司群(fulvestrant)(Faslodex®
);吉非替尼(gefitinib)(Iressa®
);吉西他濱(gemcitabine)(Gemzar®
);吉姆單抗奧佐米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(Mylotarg®
);乙酸戈舍瑞林(goserelin acetate)(Zoladex Implant®
);乙酸戈舍瑞林(Zoladex®
);乙酸組胺瑞林(histrelin acetate)(Histrelin implant®
);羥基脲(Hydrea®
);替坦異貝莫單抗(Ibritumomab Tiuxetan)(Zevalin®
);伊達比星(idarubicin)(Idamycin®
);異環磷醯胺(IFEX®
);甲磺酸伊馬替尼(imatinib mesylate)(Gleevec®
);干擾素α 2a(Roferon A®
);干擾素α-2b(Intron A®
);伊立替康(Camptosar®
);來那度胺(lenalidomide)(Revlimid®
);來曲唑(letrozole)(Femara®
);甲醯四氫葉酸(leucovorin)(Wellcovorin®
,leucovorin®
);乙酸亮丙瑞林(Eligard®
);左旋四咪唑(levamisole)(Ergamisol®
);洛莫司汀(lomustine),CCNU(CeeBU®
);雙氯乙基甲胺(meclorethamine),氮芥(Mustargen®
);乙酸甲地孕酮(Megace®
);美法侖(melphalan),L-PAM(Alkeran®
);巰基嘌呤,6-MP(Purinethol®
);美司鈉(mesna)(Mesnex®
);美司鈉(Mesnex tabs®
);胺甲蝶呤(Methotrexate®
);甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)(Uvadex®
);絲裂黴素C(Mutamycin®
);米托
坦(mitotane)(Lysodren®
);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)(Novantrone®
);苯丙酸諾龍(nandrolone phenpropionate)(Durabolin-50®
);耐拉濱(nelarabine)(Arranon®
);諾非單抗(Nofetumosab)(Verluma®
);奧普瑞白介素(Oprelvekin)(Neumega®
);奧沙利鉑(Eloxatin®
);紫杉醇(Paxene®
);紫杉醇(Taxol®
);紫杉醇蛋白質結合顆粒(Abraxane®
);帕利夫明(palifermin)(Kepivance®
);帕瑪二磷酸(pamidronate)(Aredia®
);培加酶(pegademase)(Adagen(PegademaseBovine)®
);培加帕酶(pegaspargase)(Oncaspar®
);培非司亭(Pegfilgrastim)(Neulasta®
);培美曲塞二鈉(pemetrexeddisodium)(Alimta®
);噴司他丁(Nipent®
);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman)(Vercyte®
);普利黴素(plicamycin),光輝黴素(mithramycin)(Mithracin®
);卟吩姆鈉(porfimer sodium)(Photofrin®
);丙卡巴肼(Matulane®
);奎納克林(qninacrine)(Atabrine®
);拉布立酶(Rasburicase)(Elitek®
);利妥昔單抗(Rituximab)(Rituxan®
);沙格司亭(cargramostim)(Leukine®
);沙格司亭(Prokine®
);索拉非尼(sorafenib)(Nexavar®
);鏈脲黴素(streptozocin)(Zanosar®
);馬來酸舒尼替尼(sunitinib maleate)(Sutent®
);滑石粉(Sclerosol®
);他莫昔芬(Nolvadex®
);替莫唑胺(Temodar®
);替尼泊苷(teniposide),VM-26(Vumon®
);睾內酯(Teslac®
);硫鳥嘌呤,6-TG(Thioguanine®
);噻替派(thiotepa)(Thioplex®
);拓撲替康(Hycamtin®
);托瑞米芬(torcmifene)(Fareston®
);托西
莫單抗(Tositumomab)(Bexxar®
);托西莫單抗/I-131托西莫單抗(Bexxar®
);曲司佐單抗(Trastnzumab)(Herceptin®
);維A酸,ATRA(Vesanoid®
);尿嘧啶氮芥(Uracil MustardCapsules®
);伐蘆比星(valrubicin)(Valstar®
);長春花鹼(Velban®
);長春新鹼(Oncovin®
);長春瑞濱(Navelbine®
);福瑞斯達(vorinostat)(Zolinza®
)、唑來膦酸鹽(zoledronate)(Zometa®
);尼勒替尼(nilotinib)(Tasigna®
)及達沙替尼(dasatinib)(Sprycel®
)。
本發明亦涵蓋與作為選擇性COX-2抑制劑之NSAID的組合。就本說明書而言,將作為COX-2選擇性抑制劑之NSAID定義為彼等與對COX-1抑制特異性相比對COX-2具有至少100倍抑制特異性的物質,該抑制特異性藉由細胞或微粒體試驗所評定COX-2之IC50
與COX-1之IC50
的比例量測。此等化合物包括但不限於彼等揭示於美國專利5,474,995、美國專利5,861,419、美國專利6,001,843、美國專利6,020,343、美國專利5,409,944、美國專利5,436,265、美國專利5,536,752、美國專利5,550,142、美國專利5,604,260、美國專利5,698,584、美國專利5,710,140、WO 94/15932、美國專利5,344,991、美國專利5,134,142、美國專利5,380,738、美國專利5,393,790、美國專利5,466,823、美國專利5,633,272及美國專利5,932,598中者,所有該等案件均以引用方式併入本文中。
尤其可用於本發明治療方法之COX-2抑制劑係5-氯-3-(4-甲基磺醯基)苯基-2-(2-甲基-5-吡啶基)吡啶或其醫藥上可
接受之鹽。
作為COX-2特異性抑制劑闡述且因此可用於本發明之化合物包括但不限於:帕瑞考昔(parecoxib)、CELEBREX®
及BEXTRA®
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
血管生成抑制劑之其他實例包括但不限於血管內皮抑素、ukrain、豹蛙酶(ranpirnase)、IM862、5-甲氧基-4-[2-甲基-3-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)環氧乙烷基]-1-氧雜螺[2,5]辛-6-基(氯乙醯基)胺基甲酸酯、乙醯基地那林(acetyldinaline)、5-胺基-1-[[3,5-二氯-4-(4-氯苯甲醯基)苯基]甲基]-1H
-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲醯胺、CM101、角鯊胺、康布瑞塔卡汀(combretastatin)、RPI4610、NX31838、硫酸化甘露戊糖磷酸鹽、7,7-(羰基-雙[亞胺基-N
-甲基-4,2-吡咯基羰基亞胺基[N
-甲基-4,2-吡咯]-羰基亞胺基]-雙-(1,3-萘二磺酸酯)、及3-[(2,4-二甲基吡咯-5-基)亞甲基]-2-二氫吲哚酮(SU5416)。
本文所用"整合素阻滯劑"係指可選擇性地拮抗、抑制或對抗生理配體與αvβ3整合素結合之化合物,可選擇性地拮抗、抑制或對抗生理配體與αvβ5整合素結合之化合物,可拮抗、抑制或對抗生理配體與αvβ3整合素及αvβ5整合素二者結合之化合物,及可拮抗、抑制或對抗在毛細血管內皮細胞上表現之特殊整合素之活性的化合物。該術語亦指αvβ6、αvβ8、α1β1、α2β1、α5β1、α6β1及α6β4整合素之拮抗劑。該術語亦指αvβ3、αvβ5,αvβ6、αvβ8、α1β1、α2β1、β5α1、α6β1及α6β4整合素之任一組合的拮抗劑。
酪胺酸激酶抑制劑之某些具體實例包括N
-(三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基異噁唑-4-甲醯胺、3-[(2,4-二甲基吡咯-5-基)亞甲基)二氫吲哚-2-酮、17-(烯丙基胺基)-17-去甲氧基格爾德黴素、4-(3-氯-4-氟苯基胺基)-7-甲氧基-6-[3-(4-嗎啉基)丙氧基]喹唑啉、N
-(3-乙炔基苯基)-6,7-雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-4-喹唑啉胺、BIBX1382、2,3,9,10,11,12-六氫-10-(羥基甲基)-10-羥基-9-甲基-9,12-環氧-1H
-二吲哚并[1,2,3-fg:3',2',1'-kl]吡咯并[3,4-i][1,6]苯并二氮雜環辛-1-酮、SH268、染料木黃酮(genistein)、STI571、CEP2563、4-(3-氯苯基胺基)-5,6-二甲基-7H
-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶甲烷磺酸酯、4-(3-溴-4-羥基苯基)胺基-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉、4-(4'-羥基苯基)胺基-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉、SU6668、STI571A、N
-4-氯苯基-4-(4-吡啶基甲基)-1-呔嗪胺、及EMD121974。
在一實施例中,本發明之化合物可用於治療或預防由諸如MeOSO2
(CH2
)-lexitropsin (Me-Lex)等選擇性N
3-腺嘌呤甲基化試劑引發之壞死出現。
本發明方法亦涵蓋與除抗癌化合物外之化合物的組合。舉例而言,本發明所主張化合物與PPAR-γ(即,PPAR-γ)激動劑及PPAR-δ(即,PPAR-δ)激動劑之組合可用於治療某些惡性腫瘤。PPAR-γ及PPAR-δ係核過氧化物酶體增殖子激活之受體γ及δ。PPAR-γ在內皮細胞上之表現及其在血管生成中之參與已經報道於文獻中(參見J. Cardiovasc
.Pharmacol.
(1998)31
:909-913;J. Bio1. Chem.
(1999)274
:9116-9121;Invest. Ophthalmo1 Vis. Sci
. (2000)41
:2309-2317)。最近,已經證實PPAR-γ激動劑在活體內可抑制VEGF之血管生成反應;曲格列酮(troglitazone)及羅格列酮(rosiglitazone)馬來酸鹽二者在小鼠中均可抑制視網膜新血管形成的發展。(Arch. Ophthamol.
(2001)119
:709-717)。PPAR-γ激動劑及PPAR-γ/α激動劑之實例包括但不限於噻唑啶二酮類(例如,DRF2725、CS-011、曲格列酮、羅格列酮、及吡格列酮(pioglitazone))、非諾貝特(fenofibrate)、吉非貝齊(gemfibrozil)、氯貝丁酯(clofibrate)、GW2570、SB219994、AR-HO39242、JTT-501、MCC-555、GW2331、GW409544、NN2344、KRP297、NP0110、DRF4158、NN622、GI262570、PNU182716、DRF552926、2-[(5,7-二丙基-3-三氟甲基-1,2-苯并異噁唑-6-基)氧基]-2-甲基丙酸(揭示於USSN 09/782,856中)、及2(R
)-7-(3-(2-氯-4-(4-氟苯氧基)苯氧基)丙氧基)-2-乙基苯并二氫吡喃-2-甲酸(揭示於USSN 60/235,708及60/244,697中)。
本發明之另一實施例係本發明所揭示化合物與用於癌症治療之抗病毒劑(例如,核苷類似物,包括更昔洛韋(ganciclovir))之組合的用途。參見WO 98/04290。
本發明之另一實施例係本發明所揭示化合物與用於癌症治療之基因治療之組合的用途。關於治療癌症之基因策略,參見Hall等人(Am J Hum Genet
(1997)61
:785-789)及Kufe等人(Cancer Medicine
,第5版,第876-889頁,BC
Decker, Hamilton 2000)。基因治療可用於遞送任一腫瘤抑制基因。此等基因之實例包括但不限於可藉由重組病毒介導之基因轉移遞送的p53(例如,參見美國專利第6,069,134號)、uPA/uPAR拮抗劑("Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of a uPA/uPAR Antagonist Suppresses Angiogenesis-Dependent Tumor Growth and Dissemination in Mice,"Gene Therapy,
August (1998)5(8)
:1105-13)及干擾素γ(J Immunol
(2000)164
:217-222)。
本發明之化合物亦可與固有多重藥物抗性(MDR)之抑制劑組合投與,特定言之,MDR與轉運蛋白之高水平表現有關。此等MDR抑制劑包括P-糖蛋白(P-gp)抑制劑,例如,LY335979、XR9576、OC144-093、R101922、VX853、維拉帕米(verapamil)及PSC833(伐司朴達(valspodar))。
本發明之化合物可結合鎮吐劑單獨或與放射治療一起使用以治療噁心或嘔吐,包括可由本發明之化合物使用引起的急性、延遲、後期及期待性嘔吐。為了預防或治療嘔吐,本發明之化合物可結合其他鎮吐劑使用,該等鎮吐劑尤其為神經激肽-1受體拮抗劑、5HT3受體拮抗劑(例如,昂丹司瓊(ondansetron)、格拉司瓊(granisetron)、托烷司瓊(tropisetron)、及紮托司瓊(zatisetron))、GABAB
受體激動劑(例如,巴氯芬(baclofen))、皮質類固醇(例如,Decadron(地塞米松)、Kenalog、Aristocort、Nasalide、Preferid、Benecorten)或其他(例如,揭示於美國專利第2,789,118號、第2,990,401號、第3,048,581號、第
3,126,375號、第3,929,768號、第3,996,359號、第3,928,326號及第3,749,712號中者)、抗多巴胺劑,例如,吩噻嗪類(例如,丙氯拉嗪(prochlorperazine)、氟奮乃靜(fluphenazine)、硫利噠嗪(thioridazine)及美索達嗪(mesoridazine))、甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)或屈大麻酚(dronabinol)。在一實施例中,投與選自神經激肽-1受體拮抗劑、5HT3受體拮抗劑及皮質類固醇之鎮吐劑作為佐劑以治療或預防可由本發明化合物投藥引起的嘔吐。
結合本發明化合物使用的神經激肽-1受體拮抗劑全面地闡述於(例如)美國專利第5,162,339號、第5,232,929號、第5,242,930號、第5,373,003號、第5,387,595號、第5,459,270號、第5,494,926號、第5,496,833號、第5,637,699號、第5,719,147;歐洲專利公開案第EP 0 360390號、第0 394 989號、第0 428 434號、第0 429 366號、第0 430 771號、第0 436 334號、第0 443 132號、第0 482 539號、第0 498 069號、第0 499 313號、第0 512 901號、第0 512 902號、第0 514 273號、第0 514 274號、第0 514 275號、第0 514 276號、第0 515 681號、第0 517 589號、第0 520 555號、第0 522 808號、第0 528 495號、第0 532 456號、第0 533 280號、第0 536 817號、第0 545 478號、第0 558 156號、第0 577 394號、第0 585 913號、第0 590 152號、第0 599 538號、第0 610 793號、第0 634 402號、第0 686 629號、第0 693 489號、第0 694 535號、第0 699 655號、第0 699 674號、第0 707 006號、第0 708 101號、
第0 709 375號、第0 709 376號、第0 714 891號、第0 723 959號、第0 733 632號及第0 776 893號;PCT國際專利公開案第WO 90/05525號、第90/05729號、第91/09844號、第91/18899號、第92/01688號、第92/06079號、第92/12151號、第92/15585號、第92/17449號、第92/20661號、第92/20676號、第92/21677號、第92/22569號、第93/00330號、第93/00331號、第93/01159號、第93/01165號、第93/01169號、第93/01170號、第93/06099號、第93/09116號、第93/10073號、第93/14084號、第93/14113號、第93/18023號、第93/19064號、第93/21155號、第93/21181號、第93/23380號、第93/24465號、第94/00440號、第94/01402號、第94/02461號、第94/02595號、第94/03429號、第94/03445號、第94/04494號、第94/04496號、第94/05625號、第94/07843號、第94/08997號、第94/10165號、第94/10167號、第94/10168號、第94/10170號、第94/11368號、第94/13639號、第94/13663號、第94/14767號、第94/15903號、第94/19320號、第94/19323號、第94/20500號、第94/26735號、第94/26740號、第94/29309號、第95/02595號、第95/04040號、第95/04042號、第95/06645號、第95/07886號、第95/07908號、第95/08549號、第95/11880號、第95/14017號、第95/15311號、第95/16679號、第95/17382號、第95/18124號、第95/18129號、第95/19344號、第95/20575號、第95/21819號、第95/22525號、第95/23798號、第95/26338號、第95/28418
號、第95/30674號、第95/30687號、第95/33744號、第96/05181號、第96/05193號、第96/05203號、第96/06094號、第96/07649號、第96/10562號、第96/16939號、第96/18643號、第96/20197號、第96/21661號、第96/29304號、第96/29317號、第96/29326號、第96/29328號、第96/31214號、第96/32385號、第96/37489號、第97/01553號、第97/01554號、第97/03066號、第97/08144號、第97/14671號、第97/17362號、第97/18206號、第97/19084號、第97/19942號及第97/21702號;及英國專利公開案第2266 529號、第2 268 931號、第2 269 170號、第2 269 590號、第2 271 774號、第2 292 144號、第2 293 168號、第2 293 169號、及第2 302 689號中。此等化合物之製備全面地闡述於上述專利案及公開案中,該等案件均以引用方式併入本文中。
在一實施例中,結合本發明化合物使用的神經激肽-1受體拮抗劑係選自:闡述於美國專利第5,719,147號中之2-(R
)-(1-(R
)-(3,5-雙(三氟甲基)苯基)乙氧基)-3-(S)-(4-氟苯基)-4-(3-(5-氧代基-1H
,4H
-1,2,4-三唑基)甲基)嗎啉或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本發明之化合物亦可與用於貧血治療之藥劑一起投與。此貧血治療劑係(例如)連續紅血球生成受體激活劑(例如,阿法依伯汀)。
本發明之化合物亦可與用於嗜中性白血球減少症治療之藥劑一起投與。此嗜中性白血球減少症治療劑係(例如)可
調節嗜中性粒細胞生成及功能之造血生長因子,例如,人類粒細胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)。G-CSF之實例包括非格司亭。
本發明之化合物亦可與諸如左旋咪唑(levamisole)、異丙肌苷(isoprinosine)及日達仙(Zadaxin)等免疫增強藥一起投與。
本發明之化合物亦可與雙膦酸鹽類(應理解為包括雙膦酸鹽類、二膦酸鹽類、雙膦酸類及二膦酸類)組合以用於治療或預防癌症,包括骨癌。雙膦酸鹽類之實例包括但不限於:依替膦酸鹽(Didronel)、帕米膦酸鹽(pamidronate)(Aredia)、阿倫膦酸鹽(alendronate)(Fosamax)、利塞膦酸鹽(risedronate)(Actonel)、唑來膦酸鹽(zoledronate)(Zometa)、伊班膦酸鹽(ibandronate)(Boniva)、英卡膦酸(incadronate)或斯孟膦酸鹽(cimadronate)、氯膦酸鹽(clodronate)、EB-1053、米諾膦酸鹽(minodronate)、奈力膦酸鹽(neridronate)、吡膦酸鹽(piridronate)及替魯膦酸鹽(tiludronate),包括任一及所有其醫藥上可接受之鹽、衍生物、水合物及混合物。
因此,本發明之範圍涵蓋本發明所主張化合物與電離輻射及/或與選自下列之第二化合物之組合的用途:HDAC抑制劑、雌激素受體調節劑、雄激素受體調節劑、類視色素受體調節劑、細胞毒性/細胞生長抑制劑、抗增生劑、異戊二烯基-蛋白轉移酶抑制劑、HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑、血管生成抑制劑、PPAR-γ激動劑、PPAR-δ激動劑、抗病
毒劑、固有多重藥物抗性之抑制劑、鎮吐劑、用於貧血治療之藥劑、用於嗜中性白血球減少症治療之藥劑、免疫增強藥、細胞增生及存活信號傳導之抑制劑、干擾細胞週期檢查點之藥劑、細胞凋亡誘導劑及雙膦酸鹽。
與本發明化合物有關之術語"投與"及其變體(例如,"投與"化合物)意指將該化合物或該化合物之前藥引入需要治療動物之系統中。當本發明化合物或其前藥與一種或多種其他活性劑(例如,細胞毒性劑等)組合提供時,"投與"及其變體各自應理解為包括同時及相繼引入該化合物或其前藥與其他藥劑。
本文所用術語"組合物"意欲涵蓋包含規定量的規定成份之產品以及任何可自規定量的規定成份之組合直接或間接產生之產品。
本文所用術語"治療有效量"意指活性化合物或醫藥試劑在組織、系統、動物或人類中產生生物或醫學反應之量,其係由研究者、獸醫師、醫師或其他臨床醫師來尋求。
術語"治療"係指受病理病況感染之哺乳動物的治療且係指可藉由殺傷癌細胞來減輕該病況之作用而且亦指達成該病況進展抑制之作用,且包括進展速率降低、進展速率停止、病況改善及病況治癒。亦包括作為預防措施之治療(即,預防)。
本文所用術語"醫藥上可接受之"係指在合理的藥學判斷範圍內適於與受試者(例如,人類)組織接觸使用而無過高毒性、刺激性、過敏性反應或其他問題或併發症並與合理
的效益/風險比率相應之化合物、材料、組合物及/或劑型。各載劑、賦形劑等就與該調配物之其他成份相容之意義上而言亦必須為"可接受的"。
術語"輔助"係指化合物結合已知治療方法之使用。該等方法包括不同癌症類型治療所用藥物之細胞毒性方式及/或電離輻射。特定言之,已知該等活性化合物可強化許多癌症化學治療之作用,該等活性化合物包括拓撲異構酶類別之毒藥(例如,拓撲替康、伊立替康、魯比替康(rubitecan))、大部分已知烷基化劑(例如,DTIC、替莫唑胺)及在治療癌症中所用基於鉑之藥物(例如,卡鉑、順鉑)。
申請專利範圍之範疇亦包括一種治療癌症之方法,其包括將治療有效量之式I化合物與輻射治療組合及/或與選自以下之化合物組合投與:HDAC抑制劑、雌激素受體調節劑、雄激素受體調節劑、類視色素受體調節劑、細胞毒性/細胞生長抑制劑、抗增生劑、異戊二烯基-蛋白轉移酶抑制劑、HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑、血管生成抑制劑、PPAR-γ激動劑、PPAR-δ激動劑、抗病毒劑、固有多耐藥性抑制劑、鎮吐劑、用於治療貧血之藥劑、用於治療嗜中性白血球減少症之藥劑、免疫增強藥、細胞增生及存活信號途徑之抑制劑、干擾細胞週期檢測點之藥劑、凋亡誘導藥劑及雙膦酸鹽。
本發明之該等及其他態樣可自本文所包含教示顯而易見。
AcCl(乙醯氯);(BzO)2
(過氧化苯甲醯);Cbz-Cl(苄基氯甲酸酯);DCM(二氯甲烷);DIPEA(二-異-丙基乙基胺);DMF(二甲基甲醯胺);DMSO(二甲基亞碸);ed.(當量);ES(電噴射);EtOAc(乙酸乙酯);EtOH(乙醇);mol. sieves(分子篩);HATU[六氟磷酸O
-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N,N
'-四甲基];MeCN(乙腈);MeOH(甲醇);MS(質譜);MW(微波);NBS(N-溴琥珀酸亞胺);NMMO(N-甲基嗎啉-N-氧化物);NMR(核磁共振);Pcol(柱壓);iPrOH(異丙醇);RT(室溫);sat. aq.(飽和水溶液);SiO2
(矽膠);及THF(四氫呋喃)。Ac2
O(乙酸);t
-BuOH(第三-丁醇);DIPEA(二-異-丙基乙基胺);KOAc(乙酸鉀);MW微波;IST ISOLUTE®
SPE柱SCX(International Sorbent Technology ISOLUTE®
Solid Phase Extraction柱陽離子交換樹脂);SFC(超臨界流體層析);TBTU四氟硼酸O
-(1H
-苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N
',N
'-四甲基及Tcol(柱溫)。
式I化合物可藉由使式IA化合物與氨反應來製備:
其中R1
及R2
係如上文所定義且Rx
係C1-6
烷基,例如,甲基。通常在密封反應容器中使用NH3
之水性溶液於諸如
THF等溶劑中於70℃下實施該反應(慎重)。或者,可添加諸如NaOH或KOH等鹼以將該酯水解成對應羧酸(Rx
係氫),繼而添加NH3
,於諸如HATU或TBTU及DIPEA等偶合劑存在下,在諸如DMF等溶劑中,該反應在約室溫下實施。或者,可使用(例如)Boc2
O活化該羧酸以形成混合酸酐,且隨後與碳酸氫銨反應,通常在諸如吡啶等溶劑中。或者,可使用氨在諸如MeOH等溶劑中於約120℃下在(例如)MW中將該酯轉化成式IA化合物。
在以上合成過程中應藉由(例如)Boc保護式IA化合物之六氫吡啶環上的氮原子。
式IA化合物可藉由使式IB化合物與疊氮化物反應來製備:
其中R1
、R2
及Rx
係如上文所定義。可使用諸如NaN3
等疊氮化物,通常在諸如DMF等溶劑中,於約90℃至140℃下。亦可使用諸如2,6-二甲基吡啶等添加劑。該反應可於氮氣氛下實施。
式IB化合物可藉由式IC化合物與式ID化合物之縮合反應來製備:
其中R1
、R2
及Rx
係如上文所定義且L1
係離去基團,例如,硝基或鹵素,如,氟。方法包括於諸如MgSO4
或分子篩等脫水劑存在下縮合或在諸如乙醇等醇溶劑中於回流下加熱。該反應可於氮氣氛下實施。
式IC化合物可藉由使用諸如NMMO等氧化劑氧化式IE化合物來製備:
其中R1
、Rx
及L1
係如上文所定義及L2
係離去基團,例如,鹵素,如溴,通常在諸如MeCN等溶劑中於約室溫下。該反應可於氮氣氛下實施。
可藉由於諸如過氧化苯甲醯等自由基起始劑存在下使用諸如NBS等溴化劑氧化式IF化合物來製備其中L2
係溴之式IE化合物:
其中R1
、Rx
及L1
係如上文所定義,通常在諸如CCl4
等溶劑中於回流下。該反應可於氮氣氛下實施。
其中L1
係氟之式IF化合物可藉由式IG化合物之重氮化反應繼而分解中間體重氮鹽來製備:
其中R1
及Rx
係如上文所定義。例如,可使用四氟硼酸亞硝鎓在諸如DCM等溶劑中於約0℃下實施該重氮化反應。
隨後可分離對應四氟硼酸重氮鹽且接下來在高溫(例如,藉由加熱至160℃)下在諸如二氯苯等溶劑中將其分解成對應氟苯衍生物(謹慎)。
其中L1
係硝基之式IF化合物可藉由式IH化合物之硝化反應,繼而進行酯化反應來製備:
其中R1
係如上文所定義。可在約室溫下於諸如硝酸鉀等硝酸鹽及諸如硫酸等酸存在下實施該硝化反應。該酯化反應步驟可在標準條件下實施,例如,藉由與式Rx
-X之烷基
鹵(其中X係鹵素,例如,碘)於諸如碳酸銫等鹼存在下且在諸如DMF等溶劑中於約室溫下反應。式Rx
-OH醇亦可與諸如自AcCl/MeOH就地產生的HC1等酸觸媒於回流下一起使用。隨後可藉由使用氫及諸如碳載鈀等觸媒氫化(通常在諸如MeOH等醇溶劑中)硝基化合物生成對應苯胺來獲得期望式IF化合物。
或者,式I化合物可藉由還原式IJ化合物來製備:
其中R1
及R2
係如上文所定義。可使用諸如CBz-C1等醯氯及諸如NaBH4
等還原劑以富勒反應(Fowler reaction)方式實施該還原。碳載鈀上之氫化反應完成該反應並去除CBz-保護基團。
式IJ化合物可藉由交聯式IK化合物與式IL之3-吡啶基硼酸來製備:
其中R1
、R2
及L2
均為如上文所定義。該反應通常在
Suzuki偶合條件(例如,使用諸如Pd2
(dba)3
及三(第三-丁基)膦等觸媒以及諸如碳酸鈉等鹼和諸如DMF及水等溶劑在約90℃下)下實施。
式IK化合物可藉由式IM化合物與式IN化合物之縮合反應來製備:
其中R1
、R2
及L2
係如上文所定義且L3
係離去基團,例如,鹵素,如氟;通常在諸如DMF等溶劑中於約180℃下在MW中。亦可添加諸如K2
CO3
等鹼。
式IM化合物可藉由下列來製備:使其中R1
及Rx
係如上文所定義之式IO化合物
與諸如KOH或NaOH等鹼在約室溫下反應以將該酯水解成對應羧酸(Rx
係氫),繼而添加NH3
,於諸如HATU、DIPEA及TBTU等偶合劑存在下,在諸如DMF等溶劑中,該反應在約室溫下實施。
可藉由在諸如1,2-DCE等溶劑中於約55℃下使用諸如乙醯氯等試劑乙醯化苯胺基團來自式IG化合物製備式IO化合物。隨後可藉由用存於酸(例如,濃鹽酸)中之亞硝酸鈉處理來完成期望吲唑之環化,通常於諸如甲苯等共溶劑及水存在下於約0℃下。
當未闡明中間體及起始材料之合成時,此等化合物有市售或可藉由標準方法或藉由擴展以上合成、本文反應圖及實例來自市售化合物製備。
可藉由已知方法或藉由闡述於以上合成、本文反應圖及實例中之方法將式I化合物轉化成其他式I化合物。
在本文所述任一合成順序過程中,可能有必要及/或期望保護任一所涉及之分子上之敏感或反應基團。此可藉助習用保護基團來達成,例如,彼等闡述於Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis
第3版,Greene, T. W.及Wuts, P. G. M.; Wiley Interscience, 1999及Kocienski, P. J.Protecting Groups,
Thieme, 1994中者。可在適宜後續階段使用業內已知方法去除該等保護基團。舉例而言,當存在Boc(第三-丁氧基羰基)或苄基羰基保護基團時,可藉由在約室溫下添加諸如TFA、DCM及/或MeCN等溶劑來去除該保護基團。亦可使用標準方法(例如,使用諸如Pd/C等觸媒、在諸如甲醇等溶劑中於氫氣氛下)氫化該化合物。亦可於HC1及1,4-二氧雜環己烷存在下添加EtOAc以去除Boc或苄基羰基保護基團,在約室溫下。
依照下列反應圖製備本發明之化合物。各式之所有變量
係如上文所定義。
當本發明之化合物具有對掌性中心時,可藉由標準分離方法(例如,使用SFC、對掌性HPLC或用對掌性酸溶解)自外消旋混合物分離各對映異構體。可在製備式I化合物之過程的任一步驟中實施該分離。因此,可在最後步驟實施分離,或者可分離中間體且隨後在後續反應中利用特定對映異構體以產生期望產物。
一種合成彼等本發明化合物之衍生物的程序示於反應圖1中,其中使用類似於闡述於WO 2005/066136中者之合成途徑製備經取代2H
-吲唑。在2-硝基-3-甲基-苯甲酸衍生物生成對應酯之初始轉化後,使用如N-溴琥珀酸亞胺及過氧化苯甲醯等試劑對甲基基團進行基團溴化,產生關鏈苄基溴衍生物。可使用(例如)N
-甲基嗎啉-N
-氧化物及分子篩完成此苄基溴化物至對應苯甲醛的氧化。在該醛與胺縮合後,可藉由使用疊氮化鈉在高溫下處理該關鍵中間體以引入最終氮原子及所得氮之逐出以提供吲唑環來完成環閉合。亦可向此反應中添加諸如二甲基吡啶等鹼。最後,將該酯轉化為一級醯胺,產生期望衍生物。此可藉由在氨溶液中加熱該酯或藉由轉化成對應羧酸且隨後實施醯胺偶合來完成。
反應圖1
之變化形式於下文中在反應圖2
中展示且可在該等吲唑核心上引入取代基。當所需硝基苯甲酸衍生物無市售時,其可藉由(例如)使用存於濃硫酸中之硝酸鉀硝化對應苯甲酸衍生物來製備。如上文所述合成操作可形成對應苯胺,此苯胺亦可藉由首先乙醯化該苯胺且在濃HC1酸中於0℃下用亞硝酸鈉環化來經環化生成吲唑。或者,可使用四氟硼酸亞硝鎓重氮化該苯胺且使對應四氟硼酸重氮鹽在高溫下分解以藉由希曼反應(Schiemann reaction)(小心)生成對應二氟苯衍生物。按照如在反應圖1
中所述合成順序,可將苄基甲基基團氧化成對應醛並藉由與(雜)醯替苯
胺偶合並用疊氮化鈉實施環化產生期望吲唑衍生物。
另一程序涉及在後期階段官能團化該吲唑,如在反應圖3
中所示。在此,首先將吲唑酯轉化成對應甲醯胺且隨後用適當氟(雜)芳香族溴化物實施親核性芳香族取代。此可製備能夠在Suzuki偶合條件(例如,使用三(第三-丁基)膦及Pd2
(dba)3
作為觸媒於諸如碳酸鈉等鹼存在下)下交聯偶合之溴化物衍生物。隨後藉由富勒反應使用諸如CBz-Cl等醯氯及諸如NaBH4
等還原劑來完成至期望六氫吡啶部分的轉化。最終氫化反應可產生對應六氫吡啶衍生物。
在此試驗中測試本文所述例示性化合物且發現該等化合物具有小於5 μM(具體而言,小於50 nM)之IC50
值。
試驗用緩衝液
:100 mM Tris pH 8, 4 mM MgCl2
, 4 mM精胺,200 mM KCl, 0.04% Nonidet P-40。
酵素混合物
:試驗用緩衝液(12.5 ul), 100 mM DTT (0.5 ul), PARP-1 (5 nM, Trevigen 4668-500-01), H2
O(補足至35 ul)。
煙醯胺-腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)/DNA混合物
:[3
H-NAD](250 uCi/ml, 0.4 ul, Perkin-Elmer NET-443H), NAD (1.5 mM, 0.05 ul, SIGMA N-1511),生物素化NAD (250 uM, 0.03 ul, Trevigen 4670-500-01),激活小牛胸腺(1 mg/ml, 0.05 ul, Amersham Biosciences 27-4575), H2
O(補足至10 ul)。
顯影混合物
:溶於500 mM EETA中之Streptavidin SPA珠體(5 mg/ml, Amersham Biosciences RPNQ 0007)。
在96-孔微量培養板中以50 uL/孔最終體積實施該反應。添加5 ul 5%DMSO/化合物溶液,添加酵素混合物(35 ul),藉由添加NAD/DNA混合物(10 uL)開始該反應並在RT下培育2小時。藉由添加顯影混合物(25 ul)終止該反應並在在RT下培育15 min。使用Packard TOP COUNT儀器進行量測。
縮寫:
IMDM (Iscove's改良之杜貝克氏培養基);RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute培養基);MOI(感染多樣性);GFP(綠色螢光蛋白);PBS(磷酸緩衝鹽溶液);FCS(胎牛血清);及DMEM(杜貝克氏改良鷹氏培養基)。
亦可在抗增生試驗中於匹配BRCA1wt及BRCA1-(shRNA)HeLa細胞中測試本發明化合物。該試驗展示PARP抑制劑能夠顯示選擇性地抑制BRCA缺陷之細胞的生長。該等化合物在BRCA1缺陷之細胞中顯示低於5 μM之CC50
's及較富含BRCA之細胞大10的選擇性。
該試驗係基於活細胞可將氧化還原染劑(刃天青(resazurin))轉化成螢光終產物(試鹵靈(resofurin))之能力。所產生試鹵靈之量與細胞數量成正比。
細胞系:HeLa shBRCAl-GFP-
此等係在MOI為100下經
含有shRNA(針對BRCA-1)及GFP表現盒之慢病毒轉導的HeLa細胞。BRCA-1沈默係大於80%,如藉由Taqman分析所評定且該等細胞穩定地表現GFP。
HeLa THM
-GFP
-
此等係在MOI為100下經不表現任一shRNA之對照載體轉導的HeLa細胞。
-在96孔黑色板中於90 μl培養基中以300個細胞/孔進行播種*:
-於37℃下培育4小時,5 % CO2
-以10 ul/孔添加10X化合物(5 % DMSO存於H2
O中)
-於37℃下培育168小時,5 % CO2
-添加10 μl預先以1:1在PBS1x中稀釋的Celltiter Blue溶液(Promega, G8081)
-於37℃下將該混合物培育45',5 % CO2
-在RT下於黑暗中培育15'
-用螢光計對板進行讀數,ex: 550 nm; em: 590 nm*培養基
:DMEM (GIBCO, 41966-029), 10% FCS (GIBCO, 10106-169), 0.1 mg/ml青黴素-鏈黴素(GIBCO, 15140-114), 2 mM L-麩胺醯胺(GIBCO, 3042190)
本發明之化合物亦顯示可以小於5微莫耳之CC50
'抑制天然BRCA-1 (MDA-MB-436)及BRCA-2 (CAPAN-1)缺陷之細胞系之增生。
在96-孔板中於100 ul適當培養基/孔中以700個細胞/孔播種細胞。*
次日,以200 μl/孔之最終體積添加系列稀釋化合物。每一稀釋物按一式三份進行測試。
在6天後,使用CellTiter-Blue Cell Viability Assay按照生產商說明(Promega)評定細胞存活率。使用Fusion Alpha微量培養板讀數器(Packard Bioscience)對平板進行讀數。
對於低增生細胞系(即,CAPAN-1),在添加該等化合物之後14天(且在第7天時改變培養基1次,抽出170 μl培養基並用170 μl含有該等混合物之新鮮培養基代替)測試增生。
*培養基:
MDA-MB-436: RPMI (GIBCO), 10 % FBS (5% CO2
)
CAPAN-1: IMDM (GIBCO), 20 % FBS (5% CO2
)
在腫瘤學活體內模型中所測試化合物顯示明顯活性水平。
實例A
步驟1:3-甲基-2-硝基苯甲酸甲基酯(A1)
於0℃下向3-甲基-2-硝基-苯甲酸(1.0 eq.)存於MeOH (0.4 M)之懸浮液中逐滴添加AcCl (3.0 eq.)。將該反應混合物在回流下攪拌20小時。在真空中減少溶劑並將殘留物溶於EtOAc中且用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液、鹽水洗滌若干次並乾燥(Na2
SO4
)。蒸發溶劑,產生白色固體狀(A1
),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, 300K)
δ 7.86 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz), 7.53-7.42 (2H, m), 3.89 (3H, s), 2.36 (3H, s)。MS (ES)C9
H9
NO4
規定值:195,實驗值:218 (M+Na)+
。
在回流、N2
氣氛下,將(A1
)(1.0 eq.)、(BzO)2
(0.06 eq.)及NBS (1.18 eq.)存於CCl4
(0.2 M)中之混合物加熱12小時。使該混合物冷卻至RT、用DCM稀釋、在減壓下濃縮同時乾燥裝填至SiO2
上。藉由siO2
急驟管柱層析使用10:90EtOAc/石油醚純化該殘留物以產生白色固體狀期望(A2
)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, 300K)δ 7.93 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 7.72 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 7.57 (1H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 4.43 (2H, s), 3.88 (3H, s)。MS (ES)C9
H8
BrNO4
規定值:273:275,實驗值:242:244 (M-MeO)+
, 227:229 (M-NO2
)+
。
於RT下,向(A2
)及4Å分子篩(15 g)存於MeCN (0.2M)之混合物中添加NMMO (2.0 eq.)並在N2
氣氛下將該反應混合物攪拌1.5小時。隨後,用EtOAc稀釋該混合物,過濾並用H2
O、1N HC1、鹽水洗滌濾液並乾燥(Na2
SO4
)。蒸發溶劑,產生白色固體狀(A3
),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, 300K)δ 9.96 (1H, s), 8.26 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 8.18 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz), 7.77 (1H, t, J=7.9 Hz), 3.93 (3H, s). MS (ES)C9
H7
NO5
規定值:209,實驗值:208 (M-H)-
。
在回流下於N2
氣氛中將(A3
)(1.0 eq.)及苯胺(1.05 eq.)存於EtOH (0.2 M)中之混合物攪拌2小時直至TLC顯示該反應完成(己烷/EtOAc=75:25)。蒸發溶劑,產生白色固體狀(A4
),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, 300K)δ 8.51 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz), 8.41 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 7.67 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz), 7.43 (2H, t, J=7.8 Hz), 7.31 (1H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 7.16 (2H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 3.94 (3H, s)
於90℃下,在N2
氣氛中將(A4
)(1.0 eq)及NaN3
(1.05 eq.)存於乾燥DMF (0.3 M)中之混合物攪拌過夜。在真空中減少該粗製物並藉由矽膠急驟管柱層析使用自10:90至40:60之EtOAc/石油醚梯度純化殘留物以產生期望褐色油狀(A5
)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, 300K)δ 8.50 (1H, s), 8.12 (1H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 7.96-7.90 (3H, m), 7.49 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 7.38 (1H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 7.15 (1H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 4.03 (3H, s). MS (ES)C15
H12
N2
O2
規定值:252,實驗值:253 (M+H)+
。
在70℃下,於密封試管中,將酯(A5
)在THF及32% NH3
水溶液之混合物中加熱過夜。在真空中減少溶劑並藉由矽膠急驟管柱層析使用自30:70至50:50之EtOAc/石油醚梯度純化殘留物以產生期望白色固體狀(A6
)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, 300K)δ 9.33 (1H, s), 8.56 (1H, bs), 8.16 (2H,
d, J=7.9 Hz), 8.08-8.00 (2H, m), 7.88 (1H, bs), 7.63 (2H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 7.50 (1H, t, 7.4 Hz), 7.27 (1H, t, J=7.9 Hz)。MS (ES)C14
H11
N3
O規定值:237,實驗值:238 (M+H)+
。
實例1
步驟1:3-[4-({-[3-(甲氧基羰基)-2-硝基苯基1亞甲基}胺基)
苯基]六氫吡啶-1-甲酸第三-丁基酯(B1)
(B1
)係按照對製備實例A步驟4所報告一般程序使用A3
及3-(4-胺基苯基)六氫吡啶-1-甲酸第三-丁基酯來製備(直至TLC顯示該反應完成(石油醚:EtOAc=4:1))且其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。
(B2
))係按照對製備實例A步驟5所報告一般程序來製備且藉由矽膠急驟管柱層析使用20-40% EtOAc/石油醚梯度純化粗製物以產生期望黃色固體狀(B2
)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, 300K)δ 8.51 (1H, s), 8.13 (1H, d, J=7.1 Hz), 7.95 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.91 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.39 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.18 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 4.30-4.10 (2H, m), 4.00 (3H, s), 2.85-2.70 (3H, m), 2.11-2.03 (1H, m), 1.83-1.75 (1H, m), 1.73-1.53(2H, m重疊於H2
O信號),1.48 (9H, s). MS (ES)C25
H29
N3
O4
規定值:435,實驗值:436 (M+H)+
。
於密封試管中,在60℃下將(B2
)在存於MeOH (0.1 M)之7N NH3
中加熱2天。在真空中減少溶劑並藉由用Et2
O研磨來純化該粗製產物以獲得期望黃色固體狀(B3
)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, 300K)δ 9.04 (1H, br. s), 8.51 (1H, s), 8.31 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 7.91 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.84 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.42 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.31-7.22(1H, m與CDCl3
信號重疊),5.95 (1H, br. s), 4.40-4.05 (2H, m), 2.90-2.70 (3H, m), 2.15-2.00 (1H, m), 1.85-1.75 (1H, m), 1.75-1.50(2H, m與H2
O信號重疊),1.48 (9H, s). MS (ES)C24
H28
N4
O3
規定值:420,實驗值:421 (M+H)+
。
向(B3
)(1.0 eq)存於EtOAc之經攪拌溶液(0.2M)中加入4NHCl/1,4-二氧雜環己烷溶液(10.0 eq)並將該反應混合物在RT下攪拌3 h。在低壓下蒸發溶劑並藉由用Et2
O研磨來純化粗製產物以產生期望黃色固體狀(B4
)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 300K)δ 9.32 (1H, s), 9.12 (1H, br. s), 8.87 (1H, br. s), 8.55 (1H, br. s), 8.13 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.06 (1H, J=7.0 Hz), 8.02 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.89 (1H, br. s), 7.55 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 7.0 Hz), 3.43-3.27 (2H, m), 3.17-3.03 (2H, m), 3.00-2.85 (1H, m), 2.00-1.70 (4H, m). MS (ES) C19
H21
CIN4
O規定值:320,實驗
值:321 (M+H)+
。
2-{4-[(3R)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺(C1)及2-{4-[(3S)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺(C2)
藉由對掌性SFC(管柱:Chiralpak AS-H, 1×25 mm,流速:10 ml/min,Tcol
: 35℃,Pcol
: 100巴,改良劑:55% (1
PrOH+4% Et2
NH))使用CO2
作為超臨界溶洗劑分離實例1,B4
,獲得兩種純淨對映異構體。
獲得白色粉末狀第一經溶洗對映異構體(C1
),滯留時間(SFC): 4.80 min。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 300K)δ 9.28 (s, 1H), 8.57 (br. s, 1H), 8.06 (d, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 8.04 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.88 (br. s, 1H), 7.49 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.27 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 7.2 Hz), 3.08-2.94 (m, 2H), 2-77-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.52 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.47(m, 4H). MS (ES) C19
H20
N4
O規定值:320,實驗值:321(M+H)+
。將游離鹼轉化成氯化(3R
)-3-{4-[7-(胺基羰基)-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓並量測旋光度:[α]20 D
=+133.3 (c0.15, MeOH)。
獲得白色粉末狀第二經溶洗對映異構體(C2
),滯留時間(SFC): 6.51 min。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 300K)δ 9.28 (s, 1H), 8.57 (br. s, 1H), 8.06 (d, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 8.04 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.88 (br. s, 1H), 7.49 (d, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.27 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 7.2 Hz), 3.08-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.67(m, 1H), 2.64-2.52 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.47
(m, 4H)。MS (ES) C19
H20
N4
O規定值:320,實驗值;321(M+H)+
。將游離鹼轉化成氯化(3S
)-3-{4-[7-(胺基羰基)-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓並量測旋光度:[α]20 D
=-137.9 (c0.145, MeOH)。
三氟乙酸3-{4-[7-(胺基羰基)-5-氟-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓(D4)
向實例4,E3
(1.0 eq)存於1,2-二氯乙烷(0.1 M)之溶液中加入AcCl (5 eq)並在55℃下加熱2 h。此後在減壓下去除溶劑。
將該白色固體溶於甲苯/水(5/1, 0.1 M)中。使該溶液冷卻至0℃並添加HCl (10 eq., 37%)。隨後,緩慢地添加若干份NaNO2
(10 eq)並將該混合物在0℃下攪拌3 h。有機相用水(3x)洗滌,經MgSO4
乾燥並在加壓下去除溶劑。
隨後於90℃下將該黃色甲苯溶液(0.1 M)加熱2 h。蒸發甲苯,產生紅色固體狀期望產物。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, 300K)δ 13.37 (1H, s), 8.23 (1H, s), 7.63 (1H, dd, J=8.6 Hz, J=2.5 Hz), 7.48 (1H, dd, J=8.6 Hz, J=2.5 Hz), 3.66 (3H, s). MS (ES+
) C9
H7
FN2
O2
規定值:194,實驗值:195 (M+H)+
。
將(D1
)溶於二氧雜環己烷/水(1/1, 0.1 M)中並添加KOH(1.5 eq)。在RT下攪拌12 h後,在減壓下去除溶劑。白色
固體未經純化即可用於後續偶合。
將羧酸溶於DMF (0.1 M)中並在0℃下添加TBTU (1.5 eq)。在15 min後,添加DIPEA (2.0 eq.)及氨(3.0 eq.,0.5 M,存於二氧雜環己烷中)並將該混合物在RT下攪拌36 h。添加EtOAc並用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液(3x)及鹽水(2x)洗滌有機相。有機相經乾燥並於減壓下蒸發。藉由急驟層析使用1-20% MeOH/DCM純化粗製物以產生白色固體狀(D2)
。MS (ES+
) C8
H6
FN3
O規定值:179,實驗值:180 (M+H)+
。
向D2
(1.0 eq)存於DMF (0.2 M)之溶液中添加K2
CO3
(1.3 eq)及4-溴氟苯(10.0 eq)並在MW條件下於180℃下將該反應混合物加熱20 min。使該反應混合物冷卻至RT並用EtOAc稀釋。有機相用鹽水洗滌,乾燥(Na2
SO4
)。蒸發溶劑,產生(D3
),其藉由矽膠層析用50-70%EtOAc/石油醚溶洗來純化以獲得黃色粉末狀標題化合物。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
, 300K)δ 9.34 (1H, s), 8.50 (1H, br. s), 8.17 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 8.03 (1H, br. s), 7.90-7.80 (4H, m)。MS (ES+
)C14
H9
BrFN3
O規定值:334/336,實驗值:335/337(M+H)+
。
用Ar氣流對(D3
)(1.0 eq)及吡啶-3-硼酸(1.3 eq)存於DMF (1.0 M)以及2N Na2
CO3
溶液(2.0 eq)中之混合物進行脫氣,30分鐘。添加t
Bu3
PH+
BF4 -
(0.05 eq)及Pd2
(dba)3
(0.05 eq)並將該反應混合物在90℃下加熱48 h。使該混合
物冷卻至RT,添加DCM且有機相用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液、鹽水洗滌,乾燥(Na2
SO4
)。在減壓下濃縮溶液並藉由矽膠層析依次用50-90% EtOAc/石油醚及10%MeOH/DCM溶洗來純化殘留物以獲得黃色粉末狀標題化合物。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
, 300K)δ 9.40 (1H, s), 9.01 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 8.63 (1H, dd, J=4.8, 1.6 Hz), 8.57 (1H, br. s), 8.32 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.20 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 8.10 (1H,br. s), 8.01 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.88-7.82 (2H, m), 7.54 (1H, dd, J=7.8, 4.8 Hz). MS (ES) C19
H13
FN4
O規定值:332,實驗值;333 (M+H+
)。
向(D4
)存於乾燥MeOH (0.2 M)之經攪拌溶液中加入NaBH4
(1.2 eq)且隨後於-65℃下逐滴加入Cbz-CI (1.2 eq)。使該反應物達RT O/N,且隨後用H2
O淬滅。在減壓下濃縮MeOH並添加EtOAc。有機相用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液洗滌,乾燥(Na2
SO4
)。蒸發溶劑,產生(D5
),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。MS (ES) C27
H25
FN4
O3
規定值:472,實驗值:473 (M+H+
)。
向(D5
)(1.0 eq)存於MeOH (0.2 M)之溶液中添加Pd/C10% (0.05 eq)及HC1 (1.0 eq)並將該反應混合物在H2
氣氛(1 atm)下攪拌48 h。隨後,該混合物經由矽藻土過濾並在
真空中去除溶劑,獲得(D6
),其藉由反相RP-HPLC(管柱:C18),使用H2
O (0.1% TFA)及MeCN (0.1% TFA)作為溶洗劑來純化,將期望部分凍乾以獲得白色粉末狀標題化合物(D6
)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
CN, 300K)δ 9.28 (1H, s), 8.89 (1H, br. s), 8.60-8.50 (2H, m), 8.13 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.09 (1H, br.s), 7.90-7.70 (2H, m), 7.54 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 3.40-3.30 (2H, m), 3.20-2.80 (3H, m), 2.00-1.90 (2H, m), 1.80-1.70 (2H, m), MS (ES) C19
H19
FN4
O規定值:338,實驗值:339 (M+
H+
)。
5-氟-2-(3-氟-4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基)-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺三氟乙酸鹽(E6)
於0℃下,向3-氟-5-甲基苯甲酸(1.0 eq.)存於濃H2
SO4
之溶液中緩慢地添加KNO3
(1.1 eq)。將該混合物在RT下攪拌1 h且隨後緩慢地注入冰水中。在攪拌直到冰完全熔化後,過濾出白色沈澱,用冷水洗滌並在減壓下乾燥。白色固體未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, 300K)δ 14.08 (1H, br. s), 7.65 (2H, m), 2.30 (3H, s)。
於RT下,向(E1
)及碳酸銫(1.5 eq.)存於DMF (0.25 M)之溶液中加入碘甲烷(1.0 eq.)。在將該混合物攪拌18 h後,加入鹽水並用EtOAc萃取該混合物。乾燥(Na2
SO4
)有機相並在減壓下實施濃縮。該黃色固體未經純化即用於下一步
驟。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, 300K)δ 7.63 (2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 2.29 (3H, s)。
於RT、H2
氣氛(1 atm)下將(E2
)(1.0 eq.)及Pd/C (10%w/w)存於MeOH (0.25 M)中之混合物攪拌3 d。該混合物經由Celite®過濾且隨後在加壓下蒸發出溶劑。白色固體未經進一步純化即可用於後續步驟。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, 300K)δ 7.29 (1H, dd, J=9.5 Hz, J=3.0 Hz), 7.12 (1H, dd, J=9.5 Hz, J=3.0 Hz), 6.36 (2H, br. s), 3.78 (3H, s), 2.11 (3H, s)。
於0℃下,向(E3
)(1.0 eq.)存於乾燥DCM (0.4 M)之溶液中逐份添加四氟硼酸亞硝鎓(1.3 eq.)。在1 h後,於0℃下添加乾燥二氯苯(120 eq.)並將該反應物緩慢地加熱至160℃,同時蒸餾出DCM。在3 hr後,使該混合物冷卻至RT,加入EtOAc並用鹽水(2x)洗滌有機相。在經MgSO4
乾燥後,於減壓下去除溶劑。藉由急驟層析使用1-10% EtOAc/石油醚純化粗製物以產生黃色油狀(E4)
。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
, 300K)δ 7.42 (1H, m), 7.06(1H, m), 3.92 (3H, s), 2.30 (3H, d, J=2.3 Hz)。
按照在製備實例A,步驟2及3中所報告一般程序自E4
製備(E5)
。藉由急驟層析(1-20% EtOAc/石油醚)純化粗製物以產生白色固體。1
H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO, 300K)δ 10.19 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz), 7.98 (1H, m), 7.86 (1H, m), 3.89 (3H,
s)。MS (ES+
)C9
H6
F2
O3
規定值:200,實驗值:201 (M+H)+
。
按照在製備實例A步驟4及5中所報告一般程序使用3-(4-胺基-2-氟苯基)六氫吡啶-1-甲酸第三-丁基酯將(ES)
轉化成對應吲唑。
藉由於RT下用KOH (1.3 eq.)存於二氧雜環己烷/水中之混合物(0.1 M)處理12 h來將所得2-{4-[1-(第三-丁氧基羰基)六氫吡啶-3-基]-3-氟苯基}-5-氟-2H
-吲唑-7-甲酸甲酯進一步轉化成對應甲醯胺。在減壓下去除溶劑。將羧酸溶於DMF (0.1 M)中並添加TBTU (1.5 eq.)。在15 min後,加入DIPEA (2.0 eq.)及氨(3.0 eq., 0.5 M,存於THF中)並將該溶液攪拌36 h。用EtOAc稀釋該混合物且隨後用飽和NaHCO3
水溶液及鹽水洗滌有機相。在蒸發出溶劑後,該殘留物未經純化即用於下一步驟。
為了實施去保護,將該粗製物溶於TFA/DCM (0.1 M)中並在RT下攪拌3 h。蒸發溶劑,產生殘留物,其藉由反相HPLC (管柱:C18)純化以獲得標題化合物(E6
)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, 300K)δ 9.34 (1H, s), 8.90 (1H, m), 8.61(1H, m), 8.49 (1H, s), 8.18 (1H, dd, J=11.6 Hz, 2.0 Hz), 8.05 (2H, m), 7.81 (2H, m), 7.63 (1H, m), 3.34 (3H, m), 3.13 (1H, m), 2.94 (1H, m), 1.95-1.76 (4H, m). MS (ES+
)C19
H18
F2
N4
O規定值:356,實驗值:357 (M+H)+
。
4-甲基苯磺酸(3S)-3-{4-[7-(胺基羰基)-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基}六氫吡啶鎓(F4)
按照在實例1,B1中所述自A3及(3S
)-3-(4-胺基苯基)六氫吡啶-1-甲酸第三-丁基酯(藉由利用2當量於MeOH中之L-二苯甲醯基酒石酸拆分3-(4-胺基苯基)-六氫吡啶并隨後Boc-保護而製得)製備(F1
)。
將(F1
)(1 eq)及疊氮化鈉(1 eq)在DMF (0.25M
)中製成漿液、惰性化並添加2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0 eq)。將該混合物加熱至110℃內部溫度,達20小時。將所得褐色溶液冷卻至20℃並添加THF及25 wt % LiCl水溶液。分離各相並再用25 wt % LiCl水溶液將有機部分洗滌3次。向以上有機溶液中添加2.0M
NaOH (10 eq)並將該混合物加熱至35℃,達20小時,隨後冷卻至20℃並分離各相。用2.0M
HC1酸及鹽水之混合物洗滌有機層並分離各層,有機層用鹽水進一步洗滌並濃縮以獲得(F2
),其無需進一步純化。
將F2
溶於DCM (0.35M)中並在RT下添加碳酸二第三-丁基酯(1.3 eq)及吡啶(1.0 eq)。在30分鐘後,添加碳酸氫銨(1.3 eq)並持續攪拌20小時。加入1M HCl (5 mL/g)並分離
各相,有機層用水洗滌兩次並濃縮達較小體積。粗製化合物(F3
)經由矽藻土墊過濾且隨後自甲基第三-丁基醚結晶。
將F3
溶於THF (0.15M)中並添加水(5%,相對於THF)。加入對-甲苯磺酸單水合物(2.2 eq)並將該混合物加熱至66℃且攪拌過夜。在冷卻後,藉由過濾分離期望固體鹽並經證實為單水合物(F4
)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, 300K)δ 9.34 (1H, s); 9.20 (1H, broad s), 8.58 (1H, s), 8.14 (2H, d., J=8.8 Hz), 8.05 (2H, ddd, J=1.2, 7.2, 16.8 Hz), 7.93 (1H, s), 7.52 (4H, dd, J=8.8, 16.8 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J==6.8, 8.0 Hz), 7.13 (2H, d, J=8 Hz), 3.48 (3H, m), 3.10 (2H, m), 2.90 (1H, m); 2.30 (3H, s), 1.89 (2H, m), 1.75 (2H, m)
按照先.前實例之方法製備下列實例:
Claims (17)
- 一種式(I)化合物,
其中:R1係氫或氟;且R2係氫或氟;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或互變異構體。 - 如請求項1之化合物,其具有式(II):
其中R1及R2係如請求項1所定義;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或互變異構體。 - 如請求項1之化合物,其具有式(III):
其中R1及R2係如請求項1所定義; 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽或互變異構體。 - 如請求項1之化合物,其具有式(IV):
其中R1及R2係如請求項1所定義;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽或互變異構體。 - 如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物,其中R1係氫且R2係氫或氟;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或互變異構體。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其係選自:2-(4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基)-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;2-{4-[(3R)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;2-{4-[(3S)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;5-氟-2-(4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基)-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;5-氟-2-{4-[(3S)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;5-氟-2-{4-[(3R)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;5-氟-2-(3-氟-4-六氫吡啶-3-基苯基)-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;5-氟-2-{3-氟-4-[(3R)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺; 5-氟-2-{3-氟-4-[(3S)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;及其醫藥上可接受之鹽、互變異構體或立體異構體。
- 一種化合物,2-{4-[(3S)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽或互變異構體。
- 一種化合物,2-{4-[(3R)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽或互變異構體。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至8中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、互變異構體或立體異構體以及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項1至4及6至8中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體、互變異構體,其與抗癌劑同時、分開或相繼投與。
- 如請求項1至4及6至8中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或互變異構體,其用於治療。
- 一種如請求項1至8中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或互變異構體的用途,其用於製造一種用於治療可藉由抑制聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)加以改善之病況的藥物。
- 一種如請求項1至8中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或互變異構體的用途,其用於製造一種用於治療下列疾病之藥物:癌症、炎症性疾病、再灌 注損傷、缺血性病況、中風、腎衰竭、心血管疾病、除心血管疾病外之血管疾病、糖尿病、神經退化性疾病、逆轉錄病毒感染、視網膜損害或皮膚老化及UV引發之皮膚損害。
- 一種如請求項1至8中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、立體異構體或互變異構體的用途,其係製造用作癌症治療之化學-及/或放射增敏劑。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其為如請求項1至8中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽或互變異構體與替莫唑胺(temozoloamide)。
- 如請求項15之醫藥組合物,其為化合物:2-{4-[(3S)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,與替莫唑胺。
- 如請求項15之醫藥組合物,其為化合物:2-{4-[(3R)-六氫吡啶-3-基]苯基}-2H-吲唑-7-甲醯胺;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,與替莫唑胺。
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| GBGB0700432.8A GB0700432D0 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2007-01-10 | Therapeutic compounds |
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| CN106496187A (zh) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-03-15 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种制备PARP抑制剂Niraparib的合成方法 |
| CN106432187A (zh) * | 2016-09-17 | 2017-02-22 | 青岛云天生物技术有限公司 | 2‑[4‑(‑3‑哌啶基)苯基]‑2h‑吲唑‑7‑甲酰胺的手性拆分方法 |
| CN106432188A (zh) * | 2016-09-17 | 2017-02-22 | 青岛辰达生物科技有限公司 | 一种抗癌药2‑[4‑((3s)‑3‑哌啶基)苯基]‑2h‑吲唑‑7‑甲酰胺的制备方法 |
| CN106467513A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-01 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种制备Niraparib的合成方法 |
| CN106632244A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种制备抗癌药物Niraparib的新型合成方法 |
| CN108201537A (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-26 | 苏州苏融生物医药有限公司 | 一种尼拉帕尼缓控释药物组合物及其用途 |
| SG11201908977SA (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2019-10-30 | Tesaro Inc | Niraparib formulations |
| CN109081828B (zh) * | 2017-06-14 | 2021-03-26 | 上海时莱生物技术有限公司 | 聚(adp-核糖)聚合酶抑制剂、制备方法及用途 |
| KR20200058496A (ko) | 2017-09-26 | 2020-05-27 | 테사로, 인코포레이티드 | 니라파립 제제 |
| CN108084157A (zh) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-05-29 | 安庆奇创药业有限公司 | 一种尼拉帕尼的合成方法 |
| CN108203404A (zh) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-06-26 | 上海博邦医药科技有限公司 | (r)-3-苯基哌啶或/和(s)-3-苯基哌啶以及尼拉帕尼的手性中间体的合成方法 |
| CA3169303A1 (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2021-09-02 | Xiaokun SHEN | Application of poly adp-ribose polymerase inhibitors in corona virus resistance |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE602008005711D1 (de) | 2011-05-05 |
| NZ578256A (en) | 2011-12-22 |
| PT2805945T (pt) | 2019-06-06 |
| SI2336120T1 (sl) | 2014-10-30 |
| ME03481B (me) | 2020-01-20 |
| UA97658C2 (ru) | 2012-03-12 |
| MY147789A (en) | 2013-01-31 |
| PE20081558A1 (es) | 2008-10-30 |
| CN101578279A (zh) | 2009-11-11 |
| GB0700432D0 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
| ES2362214T3 (es) | 2011-06-29 |
| DK2109608T3 (da) | 2011-07-11 |
| SI2109608T1 (sl) | 2011-07-29 |
| TW200836731A (en) | 2008-09-16 |
| NI200900135A (es) | 2010-08-30 |
| HUE044513T2 (hu) | 2019-10-28 |
| CN101578279B (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
| LT2805945T (lt) | 2019-06-25 |
| HN2009001260A (es) | 2012-03-26 |
| ZA200903898B (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| DK2336120T3 (da) | 2014-10-06 |
| CR10910A (es) | 2010-01-19 |
| PT2336120E (pt) | 2014-10-01 |
| ATE502933T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
| ES2728199T3 (es) | 2019-10-22 |
| PT2109608E (pt) | 2011-05-30 |
| ES2509115T3 (es) | 2014-10-17 |
| LUC00072I2 (fr) | 2018-07-04 |
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