TWI523371B - Electronic load switching system - Google Patents

Description

Electronic load switching system

The present invention relates to an electronic load switching system, in particular, a plurality of transistors and/or a plurality of diodes are used in place of relays to implement electronic switching functions of different electrical circuits.

With the increasing popularity of a variety of portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones, tablets, notebooks, video games, Bluetooth headsets, audio and video players, remote controls, wireless mice, wireless keyboards, etc., provide power sources The more important the battery is, especially the high-performance secondary battery that can work for a long time and has more charge and discharge times, such as a light, thin, short, and small high-capacity secondary lithium battery.

The charge and discharge characteristics of the secondary battery are very important, including the current, voltage and time of the charge, the current, voltage and time of the discharge. Usually, the charge program is started when the discharge capacity drops to a preset value, and is started when the charge reaches saturation. Discharge procedure. Due to the electrochemical characteristics of the battery itself, it is often necessary to use a larger charging voltage or a larger charging current at the beginning of charging until the battery is stable, charging at a constant voltage or a constant current, and when it is near saturation, it is necessary to compare The low current is used for the final charging step. For the discharge program, it is generally a constant current, a constant voltage or a constant resistance discharge, depending on actual needs. Therefore, during the entire charging and discharging process, the external resistance sensed by the battery itself changes appropriately with time, that is, the load of the battery is a variable value, not a fixed value.

In practice, the industry tests the charging and discharging of the secondary battery by using a load switching system with an active change of load. The main structure can refer to the first figure, a schematic diagram of a conventional technology load switching system. In the first figure, a conventional load switching system includes an input rectifying unit QR, a controller 11, a control transistor 13, a shunting element 15, a first relay G1, a second relay G2, a third relay G3, and a fourth relay G4. Protecting the component FU, and controlling the input rectifying unit QR, the control transistor 13, the shunting element 15, the first relay G1, and the second relay G2 by the controller 11. The third relay G3 and the fourth relay G4 are turned on or off, thereby forming a charging circuit and a discharging circuit.

Specifically, the charging circuit includes an input rectifying unit sequentially connected to each other QR, control transistor 13, shunt element 15, first relay G1, protection element FU, battery BTT and fourth relay G4, and are controlled to be turned on by controller 11, as indicated by charging direction D1 in the figure, and second The relay G2 and the third relay G3 are turned off, so that the external power supply unit 20 supplies the external power source PWR to charge the battery BTT.

In addition, the discharge circuit includes a second relay G2 that is sequentially connected to each other and controls The transistor 13, the shunt element 15, the third relay G3, and the battery BTT are shown in the discharge direction D2 in the figure, and are controlled to be turned on by the controller 11, while the first relay G1 and the fourth relay G4 are turned off to provide discharge. The path to the battery BTT.

The first relay G1, the second relay G2, the third relay G3, The fourth relay G4 is generally a relay, which is mainly turned on or off by switching different mechanical contact points.

However, the main disadvantage of conventional technology relays is the number of times the mechanical contacts are used. Restriction, and the switching speed of the mechanical contacts is quite low. In particular, when the charging and discharging circuits are instantaneously disconnected, dangerous high-voltage arcs often occur, which affects the safety of the operation.

Therefore, there is a great need for an electronic load switching system that utilizes a transistor to achieve cutting The replacement of the components solves the limitation of the number of times of the mechanical contacts of the conventional relay, and avoids the occurrence of a high-voltage arc when the charging circuit or the discharging circuit is cut off instantaneously, thereby improving the safety of electrical operation, thereby solving the problems of the above-mentioned conventional techniques.

The main object of the present invention is to provide an electronic load switching system including an input rectifying unit, a control unit, a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, a fourth switching element, a fifth switching element, and a first protection. The component and the second protection component are configured to form a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, wherein the input rectifying unit, the first switching element, the second switching element, the third switching element, the fourth switching element, and the fifth switching element are controlled by the control unit In order to switch the charging circuit and the discharging circuit, and the charging circuit provides an external power supply unit to charge the battery, and the battery can be discharged by using a discharge circuit, wherein the external power supply unit and the input rectification The unit, the control unit, the first switching element, the second switching element, the first protection element, the battery, and the fourth switching element form a charging circuit, and the second protection element, the fifth switching element, the control unit, the third switching element, and the battery A discharge loop is formed.

The first switching element, the second switching element, the third switching element, the fourth switching element, and the fifth switching element are implemented by a transistor, such as a metal oxide half (MOS) transistor, thereby solving the mechanical contact of the conventional relay. The number of uses is limited, and the switching speed is increased, and high-voltage arcing occurs when the charging circuit or the discharging circuit is cut off instantaneously, thereby improving the safety of electrical operation.

10‧‧‧Control unit

11‧‧‧ Controller

13‧‧‧Control transistor

15‧‧‧Shunting element (SHUNT)

20‧‧‧External power supply unit

BTT‧‧‧Battery

D1‧‧‧Charging direction

D2‧‧‧discharge direction

F1‧‧‧ first protection element

F2‧‧‧second protection element

FU‧‧‧protective components

G1‧‧‧First Relay

G2‧‧‧Second relay

G3‧‧‧third relay

G4‧‧‧fourth relay

PWR‧‧‧ external power supply

QR‧‧‧ input rectification unit

SW1‧‧‧ first switching element

SW2‧‧‧Second switching element

SW3‧‧‧3rd switching element

SW4‧‧‧4th switching element

SW5‧‧‧ fifth switching element

The first figure shows a schematic diagram of a conventional technology load switching system.

The second figure shows a system diagram of an electronic load switching system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

The third figure shows another exemplary system diagram of the electronic load switching system of the first embodiment of the present invention.

The fourth figure shows a system diagram of an electronic load switching system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fifth is a schematic diagram showing another exemplary system of the electronic load switching system of the second embodiment of the present invention.

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and the <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt;

First, please refer to the second figure, which is a schematic diagram of a system of an electronic load switching system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the second figure, the electronic load switching system according to the first embodiment of the present invention mainly includes an input rectifying unit QR, a control unit 10, a first switching element SW1, a second switching element SW2, and a third switching element SW3. The fourth switching element SW4, the fifth switching element SW5, the first protection element F1, and the second protection element F2 are configured to provide a battery BTT for discharging, or the external power source unit 20 to charge the battery BTT, that is, equivalently The electronic load is supplied to the battery BTT in a dynamic switching manner. Further, the control unit 10 includes a controller 11 and controls the power The crystal 13 and the shunt element (SHUNT) 15 and the gates of the input rectifying unit QR, the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, the third switching element SW3, the fourth switching element SW4, and the fifth switching element SW5 are The controller 11 controls the controller 11 to further control the gate of the transistor 13 and the shunt element 15 to provide a charging circuit and a discharging circuit.

The input rectifying unit QR, the first switching element SW1, and the second switching element The SW2, the third switching element SW3, the fourth switching element SW4, and the fifth switching element SW5 may be implemented by a transistor, such as a metal oxide half (MOS) transistor having a faster switching speed and a lower power consumption, or an input rectifying unit. The QR, the second switching element SW2 and the fifth switching element SW5 may be diodes, wherein it is to be noted that the embodiment of the second figure uses a transistor to form the input rectifying unit QR, the first switching element SW1, and the second The switching element SW2, the third switching element SW3, the fourth switching element SW4, and the fifth switching element SW5.

Further, the battery BTT is a secondary battery that can be charged and discharged multiple times.

Specifically, the positive pole of the external power supply unit 20, the input rectification unit QR, and the control The negative electrode of the transistor 13, the shunt element 15, the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, the first protection element F1, the positive electrode of the battery BTT, the negative electrode of the battery BTT, the fourth switching element SW4, and the external power supply unit 20 are The charging circuit is formed in sequence, as shown by the charging direction D1 in the figure, wherein the input rectifying unit QR, the control transistor 13, the shunting element 15, the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, and the fourth switching element SW4 are connected. It is controlled by the controller 11 to be turned on while the third switching element SW3 and the fifth switching element SW5 are turned off. Therefore, the external power supply unit 20 can supply the external power source PWR and charge the battery BTT using the charging circuit.

In addition, the positive electrode of the battery BTT, the second protection element F2, and the fifth switching element SW5, the control transistor 13, the shunt element 15, the third switching element SW3, and the negative electrode of the battery BTT are sequentially connected to form a discharge circuit, as shown by the discharge direction D2 in the figure, and the fifth switching element is controlled by the controller 11. The SW5, the control transistor 13, the shunt element 15, and the third switching element SW3 are controlled to be turned on, and the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, and the fourth switching element SW4 are turned off, so that the battery BTT can be discharged by using the discharge circuit. That is, the discharge circuit acts as a load loop for the battery BTT.

The electronic load switching system of the present invention can utilize an appropriate switching charging circuit and Discharge circuit to test the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery BTT, or to verify the electrical conductivity of the battery BTT Whether the characteristics meet the preset specifications, such as charging voltage, charging current, chargeable capacity, number of charging, discharging voltage, discharging current, dischargeable capacity, impedance change, and the like. Specifically, the controller 11 can obtain a precise current related to the charging current and the discharging current of the battery BTT via the shunting element 15 and match the required charging and discharging characteristics, such as the optimal charging set by the specification of the battery BTT. a discharge curve according to which the control transistor 31, the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, the third switching element SW3, the fourth switching element SW4, and the fifth switching element SW5 are turned on or off to control charging, The conduction current of the discharge. For example, when charging is performed, the conduction state of the control transistor 13 may be changed to directly control the supply current of the external power supply unit 20, or the gates of the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, and the fourth switching element SW4 may be adjusted. The driving voltage changes the equivalent resistance of the charging circuit, thereby controlling the charging current of the battery BTT.

The first protection element F1 and the second protection element F2 can be fuses or solenoid valves Off, used to form an open circuit when the current, voltage or electric power exceeds the preset rating, so as to protect other components on the circuit from damage.

In addition, the controller 11 can have a data storage function for recording the battery BTT The electrical data of the entire charging and discharging cycle can be further transmitted to a remote processing device (not shown), such as a server host, through a suitable interface, such as an Ethernet network, for more careful electrical analysis. For example, the usable capacity of the battery itself is representative of the power supply quality of the battery. Generally speaking, the use of the capacity to drop to a certain level means that the battery needs to be charged frequently and does not meet the preset power supply time requirement. The number of times of charging can be used as an indicator of the battery life limit.

The third figure is another system of the electronic load switching system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The technical diagram is similar to the second diagram, but the main difference is that the electronic load switching system of the second embodiment implements the input rectification unit QR and the fifth switching element SW5 in a diode, which is different from the first In the figure, an input rectifying unit QR and a fifth switching element SW5 composed of MOS transistors are used. That is, in the equivalent function of the electrical operation, the input rectifying unit QR and the fifth switching element SW5 in the third figure provide rectification by using the diode, so that the input rectifying unit QR is turned on when charging, and is fifth. The switching element SW5 is turned off, so the supply current from the external power supply unit 20 can flow to the control transistor 13 via the input rectifying unit QR, and does not flow through the fifth The switching element SW5 is switched to achieve isolation. Similarly, at the time of discharge, the input rectifying unit QR is turned off and the fifth switching element SW5 is turned on, so that the discharging current can flow through the fifth switching element SW5 to reach the control transistor 13, and does not flow through the input rectifying unit QR. Make sure the discharge path is not disturbed. The characteristics of the remaining identical components will not be described here.

Similarly, the second switching element SW2 of the first embodiment can also be taken by a diode. Substitute crystals and can perform relatively equal electrical functions.

Referring to a fourth figure, a system of an electronic load switching system according to a second embodiment of the present invention Schematic, it should be noted that the technical features of the second embodiment of the fourth figure are similar to the first embodiment of the second figure, the main difference being that the electronic load switching system of the second embodiment does not include the second protection. Element F2, the remaining elements are the same. That is, both the charging circuit and the discharging circuit use only the first protection element F1. The charging circuit different from the first embodiment uses the first protection element F1, and the discharge circuit uses the second protection element F2, which further simplifies the circuit structure. Reduce costs and improve operational stability. The characteristics of the remaining identical components will not be described here.

In addition, with further reference to the fifth figure, the electronic load cutting of the second embodiment of the present invention Another exemplary system diagram of the switching system is mainly similar to the architecture of the fourth figure, except that the exemplary example of the fifth figure is to form the input rectifying unit QR and the fifth switching element SW5 using the diode, and the fourth The figure is the use of MOS transistors. The characteristics of the remaining identical components will not be described here.

Similarly, the second switching element SW2 of the second embodiment can also replace the transistor with a diode and can exhibit relatively equal electrical functions.

In summary, the main feature of the present invention is that the switching element is realized by using a transistor, and the charging and discharging paths of the rechargeable battery to be tested can be provided by switching the charging path and the discharging path according to preset optimal charging and discharging conditions. In particular, it is possible to test and detect the electrical characteristics of the charging and discharging of the rechargeable battery for a long time, such as switching current and switching voltage of charging and discharging, current and voltage curves of charging and discharging, and the like. Therefore, the electronic load switching system of the present invention can solve the problem of limitation of the number of use of the mechanical contacts of the conventional relay and the problem of poor contact, and improve the switching speed between the charging circuit and the discharging circuit, and further avoid the cutting in the moment. A high voltage arc occurs during the charging circuit or the discharging circuit to improve the safety of electrical operation.

Another feature of the present invention is to simplify the overall electricity by using a diode instead of a transistor for the input rectifying unit on the charging circuit and the fifth switching element on the discharging circuit. Road, improve electrical operation efficiency and stability, and reduce costs.

From the above description, it can be apparent that the technical features of the present invention are not found in the published publications, periodicals, magazines, exhibitions, and network information, and therefore have technical novelty, and the present invention can specifically improve the charging and discharging of existing batteries. Testing efficiency and reducing costs have indeed greatly increased the utility of the industry.

The above is only a preferred embodiment for explaining the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any modifications or alterations to the present invention made in the spirit of the same invention. All should still be included in the scope of the intention of the present invention.

10‧‧‧Control unit

11‧‧‧ Controller

13‧‧‧Control transistor

15‧‧‧Shunting element (SHUNT)

20‧‧‧External power supply unit

BTT‧‧‧Battery

D1‧‧‧Charging direction

D2‧‧‧discharge direction

F1‧‧‧ first protection element

F2‧‧‧second protection element

PWR‧‧‧ external power supply

QR‧‧‧ input rectification unit

SW1‧‧‧ first switching element

SW2‧‧‧Second switching element

SW3‧‧‧3rd switching element

SW4‧‧‧4th switching element

SW5‧‧‧ fifth switching element

Claims (4)

An electronic load switching system provides an electronic load for discharging a battery or charging an external power unit by dynamically switching a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, including an input rectifying unit, a control unit, a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, a fourth switching element, a fifth switching element, a first protection element and a second protection element, wherein the control unit comprises a controller, a control transistor, and a shunt element, and the input rectification unit, the first switching element, the second switching element, the third switching element, the fourth switching element, the fifth switching element, The control transistor and the shunting element are controlled by the controller to provide the charging circuit and the discharging circuit, the anode of the external power unit, the input rectifying unit, the control transistor, the shunting element, the first switching An element, the second switching element, the first protection element, a positive electrode of the battery, a negative electrode of the battery, the fourth switching element, and The negative pole of the external power supply unit is sequentially connected to form the charging circuit, and is controlled to be turned on by the controller when the battery is being charged, and the third switching element and the fifth switching element are turned off, the positive pole of the battery, The second protection element, the fifth switching element, the control transistor, the shunt element, the third switching element, and the negative electrode of the battery are sequentially connected to form the discharge circuit, and when the battery is discharged The controller is controlled to be turned on, and the first switching element, the second switching element, and the fourth switching element are turned off, and the shunting element is configured to obtain a precise current related to a charging current and a discharging current of the battery to provide the a controller, such that the controller controls the degree of conduction or closure of the control transistor, the first switching element, the second switching element, the third switching element, the fourth switching element, and the fifth switching element, thereby controlling The conduction current of charging and discharging of the battery. The electronic load switching system according to claim 1, wherein the first switching element, the third switching element, and the fourth switching element are transistors, and the input rectifying unit and the second switching element And the fifth switching element is realized by a diode or a transistor, and the battery is a secondary battery, and the first protection element and the second protection element are fuses or solenoid valve switches. An electronic load switching system provides an electronic load for discharging a battery or charging an external power unit by dynamically switching a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, including an input rectifying unit, a control unit, a first switching element, a second switching element, a third switching element, a fourth switching element, a fifth switching element and a first protection element, wherein the control unit comprises a controller and a control a transistor and a shunt element, and the input rectifying unit, the first switching element, the second switching element, the third switching element, the fourth switching element, the fifth switching element, the control transistor, and the The shunt element is controlled by the controller to provide the charging circuit and the discharging circuit, the anode of the external power unit, the input rectifying unit, the control transistor, the shunting element, the first switching element, and the second switching An element, the first protection element, a positive electrode of the battery, a negative electrode of the battery, the fourth switching element, and the external power supply unit The charging circuit is formed by sequentially connecting, and is controlled to be turned on by the controller when the battery is being charged, and the third switching element and the fifth switching element are turned off, the positive pole of the battery, the first protection The component, the fifth switching component, the control transistor, the shunt component, the third switching component, and the negative electrode of the battery are sequentially connected to form the discharge loop, and are controlled by the controller when the battery is discharged Turn on, and the first switching element The second switching element, the fourth switching element is closed, the shunt element is used to obtain a precise current related to the charging current and the discharging current of the battery to provide the controller, so that the controller controls the control power The on-state or off of the crystal, the first switching element, the second switching element, the third switching element, the fourth switching element, and the fifth switching element are controlled to control an on-current of charging and discharging of the battery. The electronic load switching system of claim 3, wherein the first switching element, the third switching element, and the fourth switching element are transistors, and the input rectifying unit and the second switching element And the fifth switching element is realized by a diode or a transistor, and the battery is a secondary battery, and the first protection element is a fuse or a solenoid valve switch.