TWI523039B - 用於太陽能電池電極之組成物及使用其製備之電極 - Google Patents
用於太陽能電池電極之組成物及使用其製備之電極 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI523039B TWI523039B TW102144397A TW102144397A TWI523039B TW I523039 B TWI523039 B TW I523039B TW 102144397 A TW102144397 A TW 102144397A TW 102144397 A TW102144397 A TW 102144397A TW I523039 B TWI523039 B TW I523039B
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 polybutane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl ethyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCCC KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracaine Chemical compound CCCCNC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)C)C=C1 GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002372 tetracaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/80—Constructional details
- H10K10/82—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/122—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing oxides of As, Sb, Bi, Mo, W, V, Te as glass formers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
- C03C8/12—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/16—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/18—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing free metals
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/20—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing titanium compounds; containing zirconium compounds
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/22—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions containing two or more distinct frits having different compositions
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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Description
本發明係關於一用於太陽能電池電極之組成物及使用其製備之電極。
太陽能電池利用於p-n接面將日光光子轉化為電之光電效應產生電。在太陽能電池中，正面與背面之電極係分別形成於具有p-n接面一半導體晶圓或基板之上層與下層表面。接著，藉由日光進入半導體晶圓而誘發p-n接面上之光電效應並且由p-n接面上之光電效應產生之電子透過電極提供電流至外部。該太陽能電池之電極係於晶圓上塗敷、圖樣化與烘烤一電極組成物而形成。
進一步，隨著具有不同表面電阻之晶圓的使用增加，烘烤之溫度範圍擴大，能夠在廣泛燒結點溫度範圍下確保熱穩定性之電極漿料之需求也因而增加。
本發明之發明者開發一用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，其可確保p-n接面之穩定性，同時於給定之不同表
面電阻，藉由最小化p-n接面上之反向效應，提高太陽能電池效率。
根據本發明之一觀點，一用於太陽能電池電極之組成物可能包含銀(Ag)粉；一具有PbO之第一玻璃融塊及一具有V2O5與TeO2之第二玻璃融塊；及一有機媒液。
該組成物可能包含60wt%至95wt%之銀(Ag)粉；0.1wt%至20wt%之第一與第二玻璃融塊；及1wt%至30wt%之有機媒液。
根據本發明之另一觀點，提供由用於太陽能電池電極之該組成物所形成之一太陽能電池電極。
100‧‧‧基板
101‧‧‧p型層(或n型層)
102‧‧‧n型層(或p型層)
210‧‧‧背面電極
230‧‧‧正面電極
圖1為根據本發明一實施例之太陽能電池圖示。
根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極之組成物包含銀(Ag)粉(A)；包含具有PbO之第一玻璃融塊及具有V2O5與TeO2之第二玻璃融塊之玻璃融塊(B)；及一有機媒液(C)。
現在將描述根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極組成物之組份的更多細節。
根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極之組成物包含
銀(Ag)粉做為傳導粉末。銀粉顆粒大小可能為奈米或微米等級。例如，該銀粉可能具有顆粒大小數十至數百奈米，或數個至數十微米。或者，該銀粉可能為兩種或多種型態且具有不同顆粒大小的銀粉混合物。
該銀粉可能為圓型、薄片型或無定型。
該銀粉具有平均顆粒大小(D50)0.1μm至3μm為佳，0.5μm至2μm更佳。平均顆粒直徑可由例如1064D型(CILAS Co.Ltd.)所量測，於25℃下以超音波處理3分鐘將傳導粉末於異丙醇(IPA)中分散。在平均顆粒直徑範圍內，該組成物可能提供低接觸電阻與低線電阻。
基於該組成物的總重量，該銀粉可能以60wt%至95wt%的量存在，。在此範圍內，該傳導粉末可防止因電阻增加造成轉換效率惡化，及因相對減少有機媒液的量造成形成漿料的困難。有利地，該銀粉可以70wt%至90wt%的量存在。
玻璃融塊係供用以於電極組成物之烘烤過程，提高傳導粉末與晶圓或基板之間的黏附力，並藉由蝕刻一抗反射層於射極區域並融化銀粉形成銀晶粒來降低接觸電阻。進一步在烘烤過程中，玻璃融塊軟化並降低烘烤溫度。
當為了增進太陽能電池效率而增加太陽能電池之一區域時，可能會有太陽能電池接觸電阻增加的問題。因此，需要最小化串連電阻(Rs)與p-n接面上的影響。除此之外，由於烘烤溫度範圍在一廣範圍中的變化，與具有不
同片電阻之各種晶圓的使用增加，該玻璃融塊確保足夠的熱穩定性來承受大範圍的烘烤溫度係為所期望者。
根據本發明，該玻璃融塊包含一具有PbO之第一
玻璃融塊及一具有V2O5與TeO2之第二玻璃融塊。一以PbO為主之玻璃融塊，其係第一玻璃融塊，基本上包含PbO，其係一金屬氧化物。除了PbO之外，該第一玻璃融塊可能包含至少一金屬氧化物，選自以下述構成之群組：矽氧化物、鉍氧化物、鋅氧化物、硼氧化物、鋰氧化物、錳氧化物、鋁氧化物、鎢氧化物及其組合。
該第一玻璃融塊可能包含50wt%至90wt%之
PbO。在此PbO組成範圍中，玻璃較容易製備且包含此類玻璃融塊之組成物具有較佳的黏附力。
一以V2O5-TeO2為主之玻璃融塊，其係第二玻璃
融塊，基本上包含係為金屬氧化物之V2O5與TeO2。該第二玻璃融塊進一步包含至少一金屬氧化物，選自下述構成之群組：矽氧化物、鉍氧化物、鋅氧化物、硼氧化物、鋰氧化物、錳氧化物、鋁氧化物、鎢氧化物及其組合。
於第二玻璃融塊中，V2O5與TeO2之重量比範圍為
1：2至1：3。在此範圍中，玻璃較容易製備且可能在利用包含類似玻璃融塊之組成物形成電極之後預防電極分離。
該第一與第二玻璃融塊可由技藝中任一典型的
方法所製備。例如，上述金屬氧化物可利用一球磨機或一行星式軋機混合。接著，將混合物於900℃至1300℃下熔化，再淬火至25℃。利用一圓盤式碾磨機、一行星式軋機或類
似的機器將得到的產物研碎，由此製備一玻璃融塊。
該第一與第二玻璃融塊具有平均顆粒直徑D50 0.1μm至10μm，且可能具有一球型或無定型型態。
基於該組成物的總重量，該第一與第二玻璃融塊可能以0.5wt%至20wt%的量存在。進一步，該第二玻璃融塊與該第一玻璃融塊之重量比範圍為1：1.2至1：3，較佳為1：2至1：3。在此範圍中，該組成物可能具有改良的黏附力並可能預防電極之分離。
該有機媒液給予適當的黏度及流變特性，經由機械混合該組成物之無機成分，用於太陽能電池電極上印刷該組成物。
該有機媒液可能為使用於太陽能電池電極組成物之任一典型有機媒液，且可能包含一黏合劑樹脂、一溶劑及類似物質。
該黏合劑樹脂可能選自丙烯酸脂樹脂或纖維素樹脂。乙基纖維素通常用於黏合劑樹脂。此外，該黏合劑樹脂可能選自乙基羥乙基纖維素、硝化纖維素、乙基纖維素與酚樹脂之混合、醇酸、酚、丙烯酸脂、二甲苯、聚丁烷、聚脂、尿素、三聚氰胺、醋酸乙烯樹脂、木松香、聚甲基丙烯酸鹽之醇類、及類似之物質。
該溶劑可能選自下述構成之群組，例如，己烷、甲苯、乙賽路蘇、環己酮、丁賽路蘇、丁卡必醇(縮二(乙二醇)單丁醚)、二丁基卡必醇(縮二(乙二醇)二丁醚)、丁基卡
必醇脂(乙酸丁基二甘醇酯)、丙二醇甲醚、己二醇、松香醇、丁酮、苯甲醇、γ-丁內酯、乳酸乙脂、及其組成物。
該有機媒液可能依據該組成物之總重量而存在
1wt%至30wt%的量。在此範圍中，該有機媒液可能提供該組成物足夠的黏附強度及傑出的印刷力。
該組成物可能進一步包含典型的添加劑來提高所需之流動性、製程特性及穩定性。該添加劑可能包含分散劑、觸變劑、塑化劑、黏度穩定劑、抗發泡劑、染劑、紫外光穩定劑、抗氧化劑、偶合劑及類似之物質，惟不局限於此。可能使用單一添加劑或其混合物。這些添加劑可能在該組成物中存在0.1wt%至5wt%的量，惟不局限於此。
本發明之其他觀點與一用於太陽能電池電極之組成物所建構之電極及一包含其之太陽能電池有關。圖1顯示一根據本發明一實施例之太陽能電池。
參照圖1，一背面電極210及一正面電極230可於一包含一p型層(或n型層)101與一n型層(或p型層)102之晶圓或基板100上由印刷與烘烤該組成物而形成，其將做為射極。例如，一製備該背面電極之初步製程係由印刷該組成物於該晶圓背面並於200℃至約400℃下乾燥該印刷過之組成物10秒至約60秒所完成。進一步，一製備該正面電極之初步製程可能由印刷該晶圓正面之塗層並乾燥該印刷過之組成物所完成。接著，該正面電極230與該背面電極210可
能於400℃至950℃，較佳為850℃至950℃之條件下乾燥該晶圓歷時30秒至50秒而完成。
所製備之太陽能電池電極可能具有0.01mΩ或更低的串連電組Rs與15%或更高的轉換效率。
接下來，本發明將藉由參考下述實例更詳細地描述。然而，必須要注意的是此等實例僅係為例示而提供，且於任何情況下均不應被理解為限制本發明。
使用於下面實例與比較例之組成物其細節如下所述。
銀粉：AG-4-8(Dowa Hightech Co.,Ltd.)。
玻璃融塊：玻璃融塊依照表1所列之組成物。
有機媒液：60℃溶解於丁卡必醇之乙基纖維素(STD4，陶氏化學)。
添加劑：分散劑(BYK102,BYK Chemie)與觸變劑(Thixatrol,Elementis Co.)。
，於60℃下將0.95wt%之作為一有機黏合劑之乙基纖維素(STD4，陶氏化學)充分地溶解於8.55wt%之丁卡必醇，與87wt%具有平均顆粒直徑2.0μm之球型銀粉(AG-4-8，Dowa Hightech Co.,Ltd.)；2wt%之第一玻璃融塊B1與1wt%之第二玻璃融塊B21依照表1所列之組成；0.2wt%之分散劑BYK102(BYK-Chemie)；與0.3wt%之觸變劑Thicatro ST(Elementis Co.,Ltd.)被加入黏合劑溶液中，接著於3輥揉合機中混合攪拌，由此製備一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物。
一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，以如同實例1中之相同方法製備，除了該組成物包含2wt%之第一玻璃融塊B1與1wt%之第二玻璃融塊B22，連同如表2所列份量之其他組份。
一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，以如同實例1中之相同方法製備，除了該組成物包含2wt%之第一玻璃融塊B1與1wt%之第二玻璃融塊B23，連同如表2所列份量之其他組份。
一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，以如同實例1中之相同方法製備，除了該組成僅包含如表1所列第一玻璃融塊B1之玻璃融塊，連同如表2所列份量之其他組份。
一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，以如同實例1中之相同方法製備，除了該組成物僅包含如表1所列第二玻璃融塊B21之玻璃融塊，連同如表2所列份量之其他組份。
一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，以如同實例1中之相同方法製備，除了該組成物僅包含如表1所列第二玻璃融塊B22之玻璃融塊，連同如表2所列份量之其他組份。
一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，以如同實例1中之相同方法製備，除了該組成物包含僅有第二玻璃融塊B23如表1之玻璃融塊，連同如表2所列份量之其他組份。
一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，以如同實例1中之相同方法製備，除了個別組份以如表2所列份量被使用。
一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，以如同實例1中之相同方法製備，除了該組成物僅包含如表1所列第三玻璃融塊B3之玻璃融塊，連同如表2所列份量之其他組份。
一供用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，以如同實例
1中之相同方法製備，除了個別組份係以如表2所列份量之其他組份被使用。
利用一已知圖型之網版印刷將實例與比較例中所製備之組成物沉積於一單晶晶圓之正面，接著於IR乾燥爐管中乾燥。將依據此步驟而形成之電池置於一皮帶式烘烤爐管中，600℃至900℃下烘烤60秒至210秒，接著利用一太陽能電池效率測試器CT-801(Pasan Co.,Ltd.)估算轉換效率(%)與串聯電阻(Rs)，並利用接觸電阻掃描電位(Correscan Potential)估算接觸電阻。測量之轉換效率、串連電阻與接觸電阻如表2所示。
如表1所示，很明確地，利用實例1至3製備之組成物所形成之太陽能電池電極具有相當低的串連電阻與接觸電阻掃描電位(CoRRescan potential)，由此提供極佳的效率，相對於比較例1至4與6只使用一種型態之玻璃融塊，比較例5使用超量之第一玻璃融塊，與比較例7使用超之第二玻璃融塊。
必須了解那些熟習此藝者在不偏離本發明之精神與範圍下可能製造出不同的修正、更改、變更與等效的實施態樣。
100‧‧‧基板
101‧‧‧p型層(或n型層)
102‧‧‧n型層(或p型層)
210‧‧‧背面電極
230‧‧‧正面電極
Claims (7)
- 一種用於太陽能電池電極之組成物，其包含有：(A)銀(Ag)粉；(B)一玻璃融塊，其包含具有PbO之第一玻璃融塊與具有V2O5與TeO2之第二玻璃融塊；以及(C)一有機媒液，且其中該第二玻璃融塊與該第一玻璃融塊之重量比範圍為1：2至1：3。
- 如請求項1之組成物，其包含：60wt%至95wt%之(A)銀(Ag)粉；0.1wt%至20wt%之(B)玻璃融塊；與1wt%至30wt%之(C)有機媒液。
- 如請求項1之組成物，其中該第一玻璃融塊包含50wt%至90wt%之PbO。
- 如請求項1之組成物，其中該第二玻璃融塊具有V2O5與TeO2之重量比範圍為V2O5比TeO2係1：2至1：3。
- 如請求項1之組成物，其中該第一與第二玻璃融塊具有0.1μm至10μm之平均顆粒直徑D50。
- 如請求項1之組成物，其更包含有：選自以下述構成之群組之至少一者：分散劑、觸變劑、塑化劑、黏度穩定劑、抗發泡劑、染劑、紫外光穩定劑、抗氧化劑與偶合劑。
- 一種太陽能電池電極，其係由請求項1、2、3、4、5或6之用於太陽能電池電極之組成物製備。
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| EP2689464A2 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2014-01-29 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
| US8952245B2 (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2015-02-10 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Conductive thick film paste for solar cell contacts |
| SG194312A1 (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-11-29 | Heraeus Precious Materials North America Conshohocken Llc | Tellurium inorganic reaction systems for conductive thick film paste for solar cell contacts |
| CN104247049B (zh) * | 2012-04-18 | 2018-03-16 | 赫劳斯贵金属北美康舍霍肯有限责任公司 | 印刷太阳能电池触点的方法 |
| US8652873B1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-18 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick-film paste containing lead-vanadium-based oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
-
2012
- 2012-12-21 KR KR1020120151435A patent/KR101557536B1/ko active Active
-
2013
- 2013-09-12 US US14/441,220 patent/US9748417B2/en active Active
- 2013-09-12 WO PCT/KR2013/008272 patent/WO2014098351A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2013-09-12 CN CN201380056107.1A patent/CN104756197B/zh active Active
- 2013-12-04 TW TW102144397A patent/TWI523039B/zh active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104756197B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
| KR20140091091A (ko) | 2014-07-21 |
| CN104756197A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
| KR101557536B1 (ko) | 2015-10-06 |
| TW201432720A (zh) | 2014-08-16 |
| US9748417B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
| US20150303325A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
| WO2014098351A1 (ko) | 2014-06-26 |
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