TWI584663B - Communications architectures via uav - Google Patents

Description

Communication system through drone

This invention relates to a class of drones, and more particularly to a framework for utilizing drones to communicate with other communications infrastructure.

When disasters occur, many terrestrial infrastructure, including mobile phones and Internet services, become less practical. For emergency and disaster recovery systems, residents and rescue workers in the affected areas have real-time communication needs. Access to data such as video and images is also important. UAVs are a very useful tool for these peace of mind tasks. The following are three real-time functions required for a peacetime mission system: 1) an ad hoc communication network for local residents, operating in the commercial handset band, and/or operating in the WiFi (ISM) radio band; 2) working for rescue An ad hoc communication network that operates in the emergency band; 3) video and image communication from the airborne mobile monitoring platform to the monitoring center.

It is certainly feasible to use a large UAV to perform the above three functions. However, another implementation is also possible; it is also possible to perform and/or support only one function through a small UAV. In these embodiments, the communication load of a small drone is limited and can be distributed: for example, about 20 kilograms, 200W of power consumption, and flying at a height at least above the "ground meteorology". The time is initially set to 12 hours. It is a better choice for drones to fly at altitudes above 5 km.

In this manual, there are four advanced communication technologies that are at the heart of the emergency services architecture: 1) UAV as a communication node; 2) Pre-communication network; used between user and drone, ̇ for users with handheld devices, and ̇Using remote beamformer (RBFN) and ground beamforming (GBBF) Facilities; 3) Post-communication network facilities (referred to as "back channel" or "feeder link") for use between ground infrastructure and drones, including between drones and ground-based beamforming (GBBF) processing centers Back channel or feeder chain; 4) Wavefront over/under (WF over/unsolved), 远端 Far-end beamformer (RBFN)/ground beamforming (GBBF) feeder link transmission Back channel calibration, 相 in the receiver through the coherent power synthesis of signals from different drone channels, ̇ through drone backup to ensure safe transmission.

Multiple small drones can be "combined" to perform a communication function. For example, when the cell tower is not active, the drone can replace the function of the tower. Local residents can use their mobile phones to communicate with the outside world by replacing drones with signal towers. We can quickly deploy four small drones and combine four drones through a rear communication network to replace the local cell tower or cell tower that was damaged by an emergency or disaster. The function of these towers or base stations is damaged by current emergencies or disasters. Residents can use their existing personal communication devices, including their own mobile phones, to communicate with the outside world through a temporary communication network of small drones. In this case, we may distinguish the load capacity of the drone. Limits on size-weight and power consumption (SW&P) for communication loads used on small drones: approximately less than 5 kg and less than 50 W power consumption.

The load on the monitoring platform is available during the day (passive) visible light sensor to photo or visible light. In the night work, visible light illumination is required in addition to the visible light sensor. These visible light illumination devices may be mounted on the same group of drones as the visible light sensor or on other groups of drones. In addition, (passive) infrared sensors can also be used for night vision and illumination as infrared light.

At night and on cloudy days (or rain), visible light sensors are not able to perform photo tasks efficiently. However, microwave sensors can be used to perform photo tasks at night and on cloudy days (or rain). Single-base radars can deploy radar transmitters and radar receivers through a single drone. Multi-base radar can be deployed as a passive radar receiver and other radio wave launching platforms as radar launchers through the formation of multiple drones. Multiple UAVs can be coordinated into a set of RF receiving systems with coherent power combining functions, and the received radar reflected signals are processed by the ground beamforming facility based on instantaneous information on the position/orientation of all receiving components on various UAV platforms. This passive radar receiving system can cooperate with the ground reflected waves of the currently known radio frequency wave transmitting platform. These radio wave launching platforms include navigation satellites from the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the L-band, or satellites from many other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in the L-band. This set of mobile passive radar receiving systems can also utilize many live satellites as radar wave launching platforms. Because the live satellites have high-power radiation to a coverage area and ground reflections of radio waves, an effective radar system can be formed by deploying a set of mobile passive radar receiver systems. Many high power radiating direct broadcast satellites (DBS) have high EIRP or in S for their terrestrial coverage areas, or in the Ku and Ka bands. Most of these transmitted radio frequency waves have an instantaneous bandwidth of more than 500 MHz, which can be regarded as a "known signal" that illuminates the "surface" of the coverage area. A passive radar receiver system consisting of multiple drones receives a "known signal" of a live star radiation through a direct path. It also receives a "known signal" of the surface reflection of its land cover. Also, recently Satellites deployed in stationary or non-stationary orbits have many Ka high power radiating beams. These satellites can also be considered as possible radar radio wave launch platforms.

The UHF, L, S, C, X, KU, and Ka band spectrums are defined by the US IEEE standards in Table 1 below.

Figure 1 shows the scenario of a rescue mission drone. Three types of missions are provided by drones: 1) communication network deployment: local residents in the disaster-stricken areas use their existing mobile phone communications, and the communication unit (M1) replaces the base stations damaged in the hub-and-spoke communication architecture, and Residents can use their mobile phones to seek help when needed; 2) the communication network is deployed for the rescue team to use their special mobile phone communication, and the drone (M2) becomes a fast deployment base station as a rescue team and their dispatcher. Inter-communication bridges, and can use separate emergency frequency bands and hub-and-spoke communication architectures; 3) Visually observable monitoring platforms, where the drone (M3) can instantly capture video from the disaster area and forward it to the communications hub ; You can use dedicated high data rate links.

All three of these major tasks will pass through the same communications hub with the ability to communicate emergency information. Users can communicate between two networks through gateways located in the same communication hub, which should be a standard mobile communication hub supported by telecommunications service providers.

The following is an example of a design related to the communication function of the present disclosure, the requirements of which are summarized as follows:

̇ included in the air segment

○ Antenna arrays using 16-bit elements serve the foreground communication network. ○ Each group of 4-element sub-arrays has multi-beam capability and each beam can maintain a data rate of 10 Mbps, and ○ form a group in the S/L band. And a sparse array of C-band; this sparse array consists of four sub-arrays with multiple beam capabilities and maintaining a data rate of 10 Mbps; ○ the Ku-band feeder link requires a bandwidth of 160 MHz.

In the user segment

○ Residents of the serviced community can use ordinary mobile phones, and ○ public rescue mission equipment operates at 4.9 GHz;

̇ on the ground

○ Use three Ku-band antennas to simultaneously track three drones while maintaining a bidirectional link, each transmitting at a data rate of 150 MHz.

○ Ground-based beamforming (GBBF) facilities have the ability to track the changing direction of sub-arrays on drones.

The present invention discloses a communication system comprising: a transmitter segment having a plurality of transmission segments of a parallel transmission channel and a receiver segment; wherein the transmitter segment is input at a source location Transmitting a plurality of sets of input signals, performing a wavefront pre-emphasis conversion to convert the plurality of sets of input signals into a plurality of sets of parallel wavefront overlay signals, wherein the wavefront is applied to the receiver via the transmission segment Before the segment, the wavefront modulation signal is modulated by the modulator to form the wavefront overlay waveform; wherein the transmission segment includes a plurality of parallel transmission channels to transmit the waveforms of the plurality of wavefront applications; wherein the first wave The front applied waveform is transmitted on a first transmission channel; and a second wavefront applied waveform is transmitted on a second transmission channel. The receiver segment at a destination is used to receive the plurality of sets of wavefront overlay waveforms from the plurality of parallel transmission channels. Converting the received wavefront overlay waveform to a received wavefront overlay signal, and performing a wavefront cancellation conversion on the received wavefront overlay signal to recover the received wavefront overlay Use the signal as multiple independent signals.

In one embodiment, the input signal includes a digital signal, an analog signal, a digital analog mixed signal, and a plurality of digital signal streams to be transmitted to a plurality of channels operating on a plurality of frequencies, wherein the plurality of channels The number is at least as many as the number of received digital signal streams. The dynamic communication system further includes the following operation: converting the wavefront overlay waveform to a transmission band before applying the wavefront to the transmission segment before transmitting the wavefront And receiving, at a user end of the receiver segment, the wavefront applied waveform received from the plurality of channel frequencies to a baseband frequency to generate a fundamental wavefront applied waveform.

The invention discloses a communication system comprising: a transmitter segment, a transmission segment having a plurality of multiplex transmission channels, and a receiver segment; wherein the transmitter segment is transmitted at a source location and is to be transmitted a plurality of input signals, performing a wavefront pre-emphasis conversion to convert the input signal into a wavefront pre-emphasis signal, and by modulating the wavefront-receiving signal into a wavefront pre-overlying waveform, Transmitting a segment to transmit the wavefront overlay waveform to the receiver segment; wherein the transit segment includes a plurality of merged transmission paths to be generated in an amplitude, phase, and time delay between the plurality of wavefront overlay signals A multiplexed channel that differentially affects dynamics, wherein a first wavefront overlay waveform is transmitted on a first multiplex transmission channel; and a second wavefront overlay waveform is transmitted on a second multiplex transmission channel The receiver segment at a destination receives the wavefront overlay waveform from the multiplex transmission channel, and the demodulator demodulates and converts the received wavefront cover wave to form a wavefront cover signal. And performing a wavefront decoding conversion on the received wavefront overlay signal to restore the received wavefront overlay signal into a plurality of independent signals.

101‧‧‧ terrestrial network

110‧‧‧Ground communication hub

120‧‧‧ drone

130‧‧‧ Coverage Area/Disaster/Emergency Recovery Area

210‧‧‧L/S band forward link load (P/L)

211‧‧‧Multibeam antenna

212‧‧‧ Beam Signal

213‧‧‧Duplexer

214‧‧‧L/S band low noise amplifier

215‧‧‧Power Amplifier

217‧‧‧Multibeam antenna

220‧‧‧Inverter unit

230‧‧‧ feeder chain load

231‧‧‧Multi-unit

232‧‧‧Demultiplexing device

233‧‧‧I/O duplexer

234‧‧‧Ku/Ka low noise amplifier

235‧‧‧Power Amplifier

236‧‧‧ feeder chain antenna

1301‧‧‧beam

1302‧‧ beam

1303‧‧ beam

310‧‧‧ foreground load

312‧‧‧ Beam signal

410‧‧‧ Ground Station Communication Hub

411‧‧‧ front end

412‧‧‧ Ground Beamforming (GBBF) processor

413‧‧‧Mobile Communication Hub

420‧‧‧ Front desk link

436‧‧‧ground users

450‧‧‧Ku/Ka band feeder chain

480‧‧‧ terrestrial network

550‧‧‧ feeder chain

633‧‧‧Multi-tracking beam terminal

620-1a‧‧‧ drone

620-1b‧‧‧ drone

620-1c‧‧‧ drone

620-1d‧‧‧ drone

710‧‧‧ Ground Station Communication Hub

714‧‧‧ Wavefront Overlay/Uncovering Processing Equipment

450a‧‧‧First Downlink

450b‧‧‧second down link

450c‧‧‧ Third Downlink

450d‧‧‧fourth down link

712‧‧‧ wavefront applicator

721‧‧‧down converter

722‧‧‧Array elements

723‧‧•beamforming network

724‧‧‧ Wavefront Dissolution Processing

725‧‧‧ Receiver, demodulator

741‧‧‧Adaptive equalizer

742‧‧‧ Wavefront Decompressor

743‧‧‧Optimized processing

744‧‧‧Comparison between diagnostic signal ps and recovered pilot signal S4

745‧‧‧Multibeam Receiver Array

751‧‧‧Multibeamforming processor

752‧‧‧Divided multiplexer

753‧‧‧RF front-end bit

762‧‧‧Power Amplifier

763‧‧‧Multibeam transmission beamforming network

764‧‧‧ wavefront applicator

765‧‧‧transmitter

781‧‧‧Digital beam line receiver

782‧‧‧divided multiplexer

783‧‧‧RF front-end bit

811‧‧‧ demodulator

812‧‧‧Time-sharing multiplexer

813‧‧‧Timer multiplexer

814‧‧‧ wavefront applicator

816‧‧‧ adjuster

824‧‧‧ demodulator

841‧‧‧Multibeam Receiver Array

842‧‧‧Advanced wavefront solution processing

843‧‧‧Timer multiplexer

862‧‧‧Time-sharing multiplexer

864‧‧‧ wavefront applicator

866‧‧‧Regulator

910‧‧‧Foundation beamforming equipment

912‧‧ Orthogonal toroidal converter

914‧‧‧ wavefront applicator

915‧‧‧Multiple beam inputs

916‧‧‧Diagnostic signal

930‧‧‧ Forwarding process

931‧‧‧directional antenna

932‧‧‧Orthogonal to Analog Converter

933‧‧‧RF front-end bit

934‧‧‧Divided multiplexer

937‧‧‧Frequency Upconverter

938‧‧‧Power Amplifier

939‧‧‧transmitting elements

941‧‧‧Adaptive equalizer

942‧‧‧ Wavefront Disintegrator

943‧‧‧Optimized processing

944‧‧‧Recovery diagnostic signal

945‧‧‧Contaminated recovery diagnostic signal

962‧‧‧Orthogonal to Analog Converter

963‧‧‧RF front-end bit

964‧‧‧Division multiplexer

967‧‧‧frequency converter unit

968‧‧‧Array elements

969‧‧‧Low noise amplifier

971‧‧‧Adaptive equalizer

972‧‧‧ Wavefront solution

974‧‧‧Diagnostic signal

977‧‧‧Resolved algorithm optimization

982‧‧‧Orthogonal to Analog Converter

985‧‧‧Multiple beam inputs

1011a‧‧‧User Xa foreground link signal

1011b‧‧‧User Xb foreground link signal

1011c‧‧‧User Xc foreground link signal

1041a‧‧‧User Xa signal

1041b‧‧‧User Xb signal

1041c‧‧‧User Xc Signal

1100‧‧‧ Ku-band array of drones

1101‧‧‧Single stream

1102‧‧‧Foreground link signal

1110‧‧‧Background chain conveyor load

1111‧‧2 to 2 Barth Matrix

1112‧‧‧1 to 4 switch tree

1113‧‧‧Power Amplifier

1121‧‧‧2 to 2 Barth Matrix

1122‧‧‧4 to 1 switch tree

1123‧‧‧Low noise amplifier

1131‧‧‧Duplexer

1132‧‧‧Array elements

1140‧‧‧ Beam Controller

1141‧‧‧Reverse Antenna Algorithm

1142‧‧‧ Beam Controller

1143‧‧‧New beam position

1144‧‧‧Diagnostic beam

1210‧‧‧Return to the link receiver load

1211‧‧‧Upconverter

1212‧‧‧Antenna array elements

1215‧‧‧Divided multiplexer

1220‧‧‧Load of forward link transmitter

1221‧‧2 to 2 Barth Matrix

1222‧‧‧Tx array elements in the L/S band

1224‧‧‧Enlarged processing

1225‧‧‧Divided multiplexer

1230‧‧‧Return link transmitter (Tx) load

1231‧‧‧Ku Tx beamforming network

1240‧‧‧ forward link receiver load

1241‧‧‧Ku Rx Beamforming Network

1102a‧‧‧Buffer amplifier

1215B‧‧‧Multibeam Rx Beamforming Network

1310‧‧‧Return to the load of the link receiver (Rx) on the public safety band

1313‧‧‧Optimized processor

1314‧‧‧ wavefront applicator

1314a‧‧‧Adaptive equalizer

1314dx‧‧‧ Wavefront Decompressor

1315‧‧‧Diagnostic unit

1316‧‧‧Detection signal

1320‧‧‧ Load on the foreground link transmitter on the public safety band

1323‧‧‧Optimized processor

1324A‧‧‧Adaptive equalizer

1324x‧‧‧ wavefront replacement

1324dx‧‧‧ wavefront cancellation

1325‧‧‧Diagnostic processor

1326‧‧‧Diagnostic signal

411T‧‧‧Ku Tx front end

411R‧‧‧Ku Tx front end

1410‧‧‧ Load of the Return Link Receiver (Rx) on the Public Safety (ISM) band

1420‧‧‧ Load of the foreground link transmitter (Tx)

75101‧‧‧ Analog Digital Converter

75102‧‧‧Multiplier

75103‧‧‧ divider

75104‧‧‧ Beam output

75105‧‧‧ Array signal

75106‧‧‧beam weight vector

78101‧‧‧ Analog Digital Converter

78102‧‧‧Multiplier

78103‧‧‧Adder or combiner

78104‧‧‧ Beam output

78105‧‧‧ Array signal

78106‧‧‧beam weight vector

Figure 1 illustrates the use of three individual unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a mobile platform for emergency and disaster assistance; the first drone M1 acts as a mobile communication platform between rescuers, and the second drone M2 acts as a resident A mobile communication platform for urgently changing communications; communicating via existing mobile phones of residents and/or using WiFi personal communication devices. UAV M3 is used as the mobile communication platform for photo surveillance in the disaster area; the optical, infrared and RF sensors on the drone machine can be used in the disaster area.

Figure 2 shows a simplified block diagram of a wireless communication system using a drone, and indicates the feeder link on the Ku or Ka band on the aircraft and the link in the L/S band. It also indicates that there is a set of beamformers (BFN) on board to serve a foreground coverage area. Feeder links are also known as background links, back channels, or logistics channels.

Figure 3 shows a simplified block diagram of a wireless communication system using a drone, and indicates the feeder link on the Ku or Ka band on the aircraft, as well as the link in the L/S band. However, there is no beamformer (BFN) in the foreground area. Feeder links are also known as background links, back channels, or logistics channels.

FIG. 4 illustrates a scheme in which an M1a small drone performs a communication relay task for a resident of the L/S band via ground beamforming (GBBF) and then through multi-beam foreground communication.

FIG. 5 illustrates a scheme for a small-sized UAV flying in a compact space formation via a ground-formed beam (GBBF) and then through a feeder link and a foreground communication multi-beam to perform a communication relay task in the L/S band in the foreground area. . The four UAVs are closely formed in a space of one meter or less.

FIG. 6 illustrates a scheme for performing a communication relay task of an L/S band in a foreground area by using a ground beamforming (GBBF) and a feeder link and a foreground communication multi-beam for four space formation flying small unmanned aerial vehicles. The four UAVs are closely formed in a space of one kilometer. Figure 6 shows the operation scenario and the foundation beam forming a plurality of drones for the user through the feeder link formation and foreground links. Users of multi-beam terminals can take advantage of tracking multiple drones and multiply the communication channel capacity by frequency reuse.

FIG. 7 illustrates a scheme for performing a communication relay task of an L/S band in a foreground area by using a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) and a feeder link and a foreground communication multi-beam for four space formation flying small unmanned aerial vehicles. The four UAVs are closely formed in a space of one kilometer. Multi-UAV based communication functions for foreground communication multi-beam. Wavefront Overlay/Uncovering (WF Overlay/Unwrapping) technology is used Combine wireless signals (forward links) transmitted from each UAV phase or sub-phase array, or on a certain ground (communication), through a "coherent power synthesis" technique in one of the user terminals in the foreground link. The hub combines the wireless signals (return links) received from each UAV phase or sub-phase array by a "coherent power synthesis" technique. Users of multi-beam terminals can take advantage of tracking multiple drones and multiply the communication channel capacity by frequency override.

Figures 7a and 7b show the principle of operation of "coherent power synthesis" in the WF overlay/dissolution method. Three-user and multiple sets of channel signals are used to illustrate "coherent power synthesis." Figure 7a is a flow chart for displaying a set of WF wrappers distributed in a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) device and a set of WF de-bufferers in the advanced user terminal 633 for the forward link. Figure 7b shows a functional block diagram for the return link. It is a detailed flow chart of a set of advanced user terminals and a WF de-capper corresponding to a WF overlay/unsolving processing device with a set of GBBF ground equipment.

Figures 8a, 8b and 8c show the principle of operation of "signal redundancy and safety" in the wavefront over-application/disassembly method. Figure 8a is for the forward link and Figure 8b shows a functional block diagram for the return link. Figure 8c depicts an example of wavefront overshoot/unwrapping through four drones and using non-coherent data transmission. It applies to the forward and return links.

Figures 9a, 9b and 9c show the principle of operation of "feeder link calibration and compensation" in the wavefront overlay/uncover method. Feed line link calibration and compensation is based on the principle of wavefront multiplexing/demultiplexing. Figure 9a is a functional block diagram for optimization processing on the forward link and UAV machine, and Figure 9b is a predistortion technique. A functional block diagram of the optimized processing on the forward link and the ground, and the functional block diagram of Figure 9c are used for the functional block diagram of the reverse link and the optimized processing on the ground.

Figures 10a, 10b and 10c show how the multi-channel wavefront overlay conversion is performed by the wavefront overlay 712 for the 3-bit user signal, using four drones simultaneously for three separate users XA, XB and XC. Four sets of independent communication resources, and multi-channel wavefront cancellation conversion in their receivers to achieve "coherent power synthesis". All of the simplified block diagrams show the multi-channel wavefront override operation and the multi-channel wavefront cancellation decomposition operation for the source of the forward link at the source. Figure 10a is a functional block diagram of the forward link from the ground hub to the first user, Figure 10b is a functional block diagram of the forward link from the ground hub to the second user, and Figure 10c is a Functional block diagram of the forward link from the ground hub to the third user.

Figure 11 shows a functional block diagram of an antenna on a Ku-band reverse antenna array on an unmanned aircraft. This set of antennas is used for Ku-band feeder links; a ground-based processing facility and a reverse antenna for this drone.

Figure 12 depicts a mobile communication architecture between a set of 4-phase on-board and ground-based beamforming (GBBF) devices over a drone feeder link; this communication architecture consists of connections between three sets of functional blocks. (1) payload and feeder link payload of the return link on the drone, (2) ground-based beamforming processing equipment, and (3) on-board feeder link payload and forward link Payload. A detailed description of the first layer of functionality for all three function blocks. The feeder link on the machine is a four-element The phased array antenna and its onboard beamformer are maintained. However, the foreground communication of the forward link is to use a payload without an on-board beamformer.

Figure 12a is for communication between a group of communication loads on a drone machine and members of the rescue team in the 4.9 GHz emergency band. The onboard feeder link is maintained by a column of quaternary phase array antennas and their reverse beamformers to maintain the onboard feeder link. However, foreground communication of the forward link is achieved using a payload without an on-board beamformer.

Figure 12b is a simplified block diagram of communication between a group of communication loads on a drone machine and rescue team members in the 4.9 GHz emergency band. The onboard feeder link is maintained by a column of quaternary phase array antennas and their reverse beamformers to maintain the onboard feeder link. At the same time, foreground communication of the forward link is also implemented using the payload of the on-board beamformer. The foundation hub will have no function as a ground beamformer.

Figure 13a is a diagram showing two on-board functional blocks associated with the GBBF mobile communication architecture through a feeder link of a set of 4-element arrays on a UAV machine. It is a simplified block diagram of communication between a group of communication payloads on a drone machine and the rescue team members in the 4.9 GHz emergency band. It is similar to Figure 12a, but more forward-advanced/unwrapped. (1) feeder link calibration and (2) compensation mechanisms for links and reverse links. This communication simplifies the block diagram annotations (a) on-board return link load, and feeder link load with on-board optimized loop function on the forward link, and (b) on-board feeder link load and before Load to the link. The feeder link on the machine is implemented by a column of quaternary phase array antennas and their reverse beamformers. Figure 13b shows a functional flow diagram of a ground handling device; depicts the UAV mobile communication architecture and the GBBF ground handling facility, the function blocks used in the forward and return link calibration and compensation mechanisms by wavefront overriding/unwrapping. The WF solution used in the optimized loop return link is on the ground.

Figure 14a is a diagram showing two on-board functional blocks associated with the GBBF mobile communication architecture through a set of 4-element feeder links on a UAV machine. It is a simplified block diagram of communication between a group of communication payloads on a drone machine and the rescue team members in the 4.9 GHz emergency band. It is similar to Figure 12a, but more forward-advanced/unwrapped. (1) feeder link calibration and (2) compensation mechanisms for links and reverse links. This communication simplifies the block diagram notes (a) the on-board return link load, and the feeder link load without the on-board optimized loop function in the forward link, and (b) the on-board feeder link load and Forward link load. The feeder link on the machine is implemented by a column of quaternary phase array antennas and their reverse beamformers.

Figure 14b shows a functional flow diagram of a ground handling device. The functional block GBBF ground handling facility and calibration and compensation mechanisms for the mobile communication architecture are depicted. An optimized loop in the forward link utilizes the differential phase and amplitude equalization of the predistortion technique to be implemented by ground WF de-split conversion. The other optimized loop in the return link is also implemented by the ground WF unwrapping conversion.

Figure 15 shows a functional block diagram of two digital beamforming (DBF) processors in a set of GBBF devices; one of which is the multi-beam transmit beamformer (Tx DBF) and the other is a set of receive Beamformer (Rx DBF).

Figure 16 is a little different from Figure 1. It depicts three mobile platforms using three unmanned aerial vehicles as emergency and disaster assistance; the first drone M1 communicates with rescuers, and the drone M2 replaces the functions of the wireless base station through the existing mobile movement of the residents. Communicate and provide emergency communications to residents using WiFi personal communication devices. The M4 drone uses a set of RF sensors on the machine as a pair A set of radar receivers in the base radar provides monitoring services for the disaster area; the radiation of the radar transmitter is the radio waves transmitted by the existing satellites in the coverage area.

Figure 1 depicts the use of three individual unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a mobile platform for emergency and disaster assistance; the drone platform M1 is used for communication between rescue team members, and the drone platform M2 serves as a mobile phone and/or The wifi communication protocol for personal communication device communication functions and/or emergency replacement for fixed wireless base stations. The third drone platform M3 performs real-time image and monitoring through a passive optical sensor, an infrared sensor or a radio frequency sensor. Each of the three platforms is connected to a ground station communication hub 110 via a feeder link of the Ku and/or Ka-band spectrum, which serves as a gateway for accessing the terrestrial network 101.

Therefore, there will be an instant image when performing rescue work in a coverage area 130, and the rescue team members can communicate with the dispatch center through the ground communication hub 110. A wireless temporary network communication will also be provided to residents in the disaster/emergency recovery area 130 to enable residents to communicate with external, rescue teams, and/or disaster/emergency recovery departments via personal devices.

The feeder links of the three platforms M1, M2 and M3 are all the same Ku and / or Ka band, but the difference lies in the load of the respective platform (P / L), the load on the first drone platform M1 can be rescued A member of the public safety spectrum communication network is activated between the members of the team. The load on the second drone platform M2 can restore the mobile phone and/or fixed wireless communication of the resident in the L/S band, and the load of the third drone platform M3. An instant imaging sensor for instant monitoring.

Three independent techniques are discussed below, (1) reverse antenna array technology, (2) ground beamforming, and (3) wavefront overshoot and unwrapping (WF over/over). The reverse antenna link of the feeder link is made in the feed The load of the UAV platform on the line link can communicate more efficiently with designated ground station communication hubs, use less power, reach longer-distance ground communication hubs, and/or generate more capacity .

The architecture of Ground Beamforming (GBBF) or Far End Beamforming (RBF) technology allows the use of smaller SW&P loads to complete the basic communication of the designed drone platform. Ground beamforming (GBBF) beamforming processing can be placed on the ground of the far end or fixed to other aerial platforms, ground level or sea level platforms. The illustration is used here to depict the architecture of Ground Beamforming (GBBF). However, a similar RBF architecture can be used on a mobile platform, a relocatable, fixed platform, and/or a combination of all of the above platforms to perform remote beamforming functions.

The wavefront overlay and splicing technology can be applied to many forward-looking applications based on wireless communication drone platforms and includes the following three types:

(1) After the feeder link is calibrated, the channel is used.

(2) In the terrestrial receiver, the "coherent power combining" method effectively combines the power of radio waves radiated by a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles; this is in contrast to the "space" in the conventional array antenna transmission. The "spatial power combining" phenomenon is completely different.

(3) Simultaneous transmission of data in a segmented package by a set of parallel channels formed by different channels on multiple drones or a drone platform. This type of transmission is more secure and redundant. In addition, a combination of the above two can be used to construct such a parallel channel with security and redundancy.

There are four technologies in this type of communication architecture:

1. The drone 120 acts as a communication node.

2. The foreground communication network between the user in a coverage area 130 and the drone 120, including:

(a) Available to users with handheld devices in the L/S band.

(b) A remote beamformer (RBFN) having a ground beamforming (GBBF) processing function is used at a terrestrial mobile communication hub device 110.

3. A back-end communication network (logistics channel or feeder link) between the terrestrial infrastructure/equipment 110 and the drone 120, wherein the logistics channel or feeder link is in the drone and ground beamforming (GBBF) via the reverse antenna Between the processing centers. Background communication network

4. Wavefront over/over (WF over/unsolved), including:

(a) Calibration of the back/ground beamforming (RBF/GBBF) back channel (or logistics channel) on the feeder link transfer.

(b) The coherent power comes from a signal receiver that combines the different channels of the various drones.

(c) A redundant and secure transmission through the drone.

2 illustrates a background link and a foreground link of a wireless communication system based on the drone 200. Each drone 200 has a set of beamformers (BFN) capable of servicing a coverage area 130. The drone 120 enables the users A, B, and C to be interconnected between two beams 1302 and 1303 via a communication hub, which is a gateway to the ground network 101, onboard (on The feeder link antenna 236 of the -board is a Ka or Ku band and covers the communication communication hub 110. We assume that these users are in the L/S band, which includes commercial phones and Wifi bands.

The load 200 consists of three parts, which simultaneously support the foreground link and the background link, which are: one of the L/S bands, the foreground communication load 210, the L/S band, and the Ku/Ka The transposed region 220 between the bands and a set of feeder link loads 230 in the Ku/Ka band.

A similar architecture is also applicable to the bandwidth selected by the load 210 of other foreground communications; for example, 4.9 GHz reserved by emergency personnel for the public safety spectrum.

On the L/S band forward link load (P/L) 210, there are multiple beam antennas 211 of array elements 217 for transmitting signals in the foreground link and receiving signals in the background link. The coverage area 130 is covered by at least three beams 1301, 1302, and 1303. The input/output port of the multi-beam antenna 211 is a beam 连接 connected via a duplexer 213, wherein the background link beam 埠 is connected to a low noise amplifier (LNA) 214 of the L/S band, and the foreground link beam is connected to Power amplifier 215.

There are at least two pairs of frequency conversion units 220 to frequency up the background link unit from the L/S band (1/2 GHz) to the Ku/Ka band (12/20 GHz), respectively, and the foreground link unit in the Ku/Ka band ( The signal of 14/30 GHz is converted into a signal in the L/S band (1/2 GHz).

The load link 230 of the feeder has two sets of "beam" signals. For the background link signal, a multiplexer 231 combines the beam signals of different conversion slots in the Ku/Ka band to form a separate stream. Power amplification is performed by a power amplifier (PA) 235 and duplex processing by an antenna duplexer 233 before being radiated by the feeder link antenna 236 of the feeder chain load 230. Similarly, the signal in the foreground link, the antenna 236 and the feeder link signal received by the I/O duplexer 233 are adjusted by a low noise amplifier 234 of the Ku/Ka band. Before the frequency converter 220 converts the beam signal from one of the Ku/Ka frequency bands to a same frequency bin of an L/S band, the Ku/Ka band demultiplexing device 232 separates the beam signals into different beams. Separate the beam signals. These input beam signals are individually power amplified by the power amplifier of the foreground load before being radiated by the multi-beam antenna 211 of the foreground link.

We assume here that the multiplexer 231 performs a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and corresponds to a demultiplexing device 232 that performs a frequency division demultiplexing (FDM demuxing) on the ground. However, the multiplex/demultiplexing function of the multiplex device 231 and the demultiplexing device 232 can also be performed by other multiplex/demultiplexing modes. Lines, such as time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), or a combination of frequency division multiplexing, code division multiplexing, and/or time division multiplexing.

FIG. 2 illustrates a system and method for utilizing an on-board small-sized drone M2 having beamforming capability and capable of being used as a communication relay for a ground gateway as a mobile communication for residents in a disaster area. As shown in FIG. 2, the first user A, which is included in a beam 1303, sends a data string to a fourth user D that is included under a beam 1302. In the load of a drone M2, the first user A The transmitted data string is received via the multi-beam antenna 211. The first user A communicates with the Wifi spectrum of his/her mobile phone or mobile device, and the data string received by the multi-beam antenna 211 is amplified by a low noise amplifier 214, filtered and frequency-converted by a transponder 220. Then, after being amplified by the power amplifier 235, the feeder chain antenna 236 in the Ka or Ku band is transmitted. The feeder link antenna 236 on the M2 drone (on-board) should be a set of high gain tracking beam antennas. When the M2 drone 120 moves, the high gain tracking beam antenna has a tracking beam constantly pointing to a certain A ground station communication hub 110.

The on-board feeder link antenna 236 can also use a low gain antenna that includes an omnidirectional antenna to simplify the complexity of the feeder link tracking mechanism. However, the low gain antenna reduces the operating distance between the M2 drone 120 and the ground communication hub 110 or reduces the channel capacity. The terrestrial communication hub 110 distributes the received data stream to a foreground link beam, via which the data stream is transmitted to the user D under the beam 1302.

In a ground facility 110 assigned to one of the on-board beamformers (BFN) 211, a series of foreground link data streams are uploaded via the Ku/Ka band feeder link and The feeder link antenna 236 is captured. Before being demultiplexed into a normal intermediate frequency by a frequency division multiplexing multiplexer 232, the captured signal is adjusted by a low noise amplifier and a band pass filter (BPF). many The demultiplexing elements process different beam signal streams from respective input ports of the multibeam antenna 217, respectively.

At the same time, the third user C under the beam 1302 wants to send a different data string to the second user B under one beam 1303, and the load 210 will receive the third user C covered by the beam 1302. The data transmitted by the beam antenna 211, and the data received from the third user C will be amplified by a low noise amplifier 214, filtered and frequency converted by one of the transponders 220, and amplified by power amplification 235, at Ka Or power amplifier re-emission in the feeder chain link 236 of the Ku band. The terrestrial communication hub 110 distributes the received data stream to a foreground link beam, which will be transmitted to the user B under the beam 1303.

Obviously, for the load 200 of the drone 120, there is no mechanism for "switching or connecting" between all users on the coverage area 130. This switch and connection mechanism is performed by the ground communication hub 110.

Referring to Figure 2, the M2 drone 120 can only provide a one-way foreground link, such as broadcast or multicast. The mobile communication front link based on the M2 drone 120 has an on-board beamformer (BFN) 211. The M2 drone 120 provides an interconnection between the communication communication hub 110 connected to the first data source to the first receiving mobile user B at the beam location 1303, wherein the first data source may be from the terrestrial network 101, or The background link from the drone 120. At the same time, the drone 120 provides an interconnection between the communication communication hub 110 connected to the second data source to a second receiving mobile user D at the beam position 1302, wherein the second data source can be from the terrestrial network 101. Or from the background link of the drone 120.

Referring to Figure 2, the M2 drone 120 may only provide a one-way background link (receive only) service that includes applications such as the functionality of a dual base radar receiver. Mobile communication based on M2 drone 120 The background link of the letter is based on a mobile communication on-board beamformer (BFN) 211. The M2 drone 120 provides an interconnection between a certain first data source A of the beam position 1303 and a ground processing communication hub 110, wherein the ground processing communication hub 110 is connected to the first via the ground network 101. The data recipient, or a foreground link on the drone 120, is connected to a certain first data recipient of the same coverage area 130. At the same time, the drone 120 provides an interconnection between a second data source C of the beam position 1302 and a certain operational ground communication hub 110, wherein the ground communication hub 110 can be connected to a certain via the terrestrial network 101. The data recipient or the foreground link of the drone 120 is connected to a second data recipient.

3 illustrates a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles 200 without a beamformer (BFN) on a coverage area 130, a wireless communication system based on the group of drones 200, and a background link thereof. The chain of prospects. The plurality of drones 120 provide interconnections between users A, B, and C. C is connected between the two beams 1302 and 1303 as a "gateway" to the communication communication hub 110 of the terrestrial network 101. On-board feeder chain antennas 236 in the Ka or Ku band, which cover the communications hub 110, we assume that these users are in the L/S band, which includes commercial handsets and Wifi bands.

The load 200 consists of three parts, which simultaneously support the foreground link and the background link; (1) a foreground communication load 210 in the L/S band, (2) in the L/S band and the Ku/Ka band The frequency shift region 220 is between, and (3) a load chain 230 is coupled to a feeder in the Ku/Ka band.

A similar architecture is also applicable to the bandwidth selected by other foreground communication loads 210, such as 4.9 GHz reserved by emergency personnel for the public safety spectrum.

The LS-band antenna on the carrier feeder chain load 230 is a plurality of individual array elements 217 in the L/S band, which are used for transmission in the forward link and reception of the background link, coverage area Domain 130 is covered by at least three beams 1301, 1302, and 1303. The input/output port of the array element 217 is a "composition" connected by the duplexer 213, wherein the background link constitutes a low noise amplifier 214 to which the L/S band is connected, and the foreground link is composed. It is connected to the power amplifier 215.

There are at least two pairs of frequency conversion units 220, which are up-regulated from the L/S band (1/2 GHz) to the Ku/Ka band (12/20 GHz). The foreground link unit converts the signal in the Ku/Ka band (14/30 GHz) into the signal in the L/S band (1/2 GHz).

Feeder link load 230 has two sets of "basic" signals. For the background link signal, the multiplexer 231 combines the "basic" signals of the different conversion slots in the Ku/Ka band to form a separate stream, which is then transmitted by the feeder link antenna 236 by a power amplifier (PA). 235 performs power amplification and duplex processing by an antenna duplexer 233.

Similarly, the signal in the foreground link, the antenna 236 and the feeder link signal received by the I/O duplexer 233 are adjusted by the low noise amplifier 234 of the Ku/Ka band. Before the frequency converter 220 converts various array elements from one of the Ku/Ka bands to a same frequency slot of an L/S band, the Ku/Ka band demultiplexing device 232 transmits the signal to be adjusted. The partitions are divided into different "compositions" to separate the array elements, and the array elements are individually amplified by the power amplifier 215 of the foreground load 310 before being radiated by the antenna elements 217 of the individual foreground links.

We assume here that the multiplexer 231 performs a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and corresponds to a demultiplexing device 232 that performs a frequency division demultiplexing (FDM demuxing) on the ground. However, this 231/232 multiplex/demultiplexing function can be performed by other multiplex/demultiplexing methods, such as time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), or frequency division multiplexing. A combination of code multiplexing and/or time division multiplexing.

FIG. 4 illustrates a scenario in which an M1a small drone 120-1 performs a communication relay task for a resident of the L/S band via ground beamforming (GBBF). The foreground link 420 has multiple in the L/S band Spot beams 1301, 1302, and 1303 serve a coverage area 130 having a diameter of less than 100 kilometers, and a terrestrial user 436 can utilize his/her mobile phone to communicate with other users within or outside the same coverage area 130. The coverage area 130 may vary depending on the requirements of performing the task.

The ground station communication hub 410 of FIG. 4 will receive and adjust signals from the feeder link 450 using its front end facility 411 on the return link. The ground beamforming (GBBF) processor 412 is (1) restoring the phase element signal 217 received by each phase element of the on-board phase array antenna and its exact amplitude and phase, and (2) the restored The phase signal is generated by a digital beamforming (DBF) device, and (3) further received signal processing is performed, including transforming the waveform of the received beam signal to be converted into a data stream. The mobile communication hub 413 then transmits the data stream to the destination via the terrestrial network 480. The foreground and background links of the ground beamforming will be carefully illustrated in FIG.

Similarly, the signal in the forward link is sent by the Ground Beamforming (GBBF) facility 412. The ground beamforming (GBBF) (1) first receives a plurality of sets of "beam signals" sent from different signal sources via the terrestrial network 480 and then through the modulation of the mobile communication hub 413 and channel formatting, (2) again The "beam signal" performs transmit digital beamforming (DBF) processing to form a set of parallel beam phase element signals; this beam phase element signal is passed by a M1a small drone 120-1 in the L/S band through multiple phase elements. Parallel transmission, (3) After a series of parallel beam phase signals are frequency-converted and frequency-multiplexed to the Ku/Ka band, they are connected to a drone 120-1 via the feeder chain. The plurality of sets of beam signals simultaneously transmitted will be simultaneously sent to different users in the coverage area 130 by different spot beams 1301, 1302 and 1303 on the machine.

As shown in the return link of FIG. 3, on a M1a small drone 120-1, the foreground antenna signal is received by the feeder antenna 236 and the I/O duplexer 233, which is a low noise signal in the Ku/Ka band. Amplifier 234 adjusts this foreground link signal. The frequency converter 220 converts from one of the Ku/Ka bands Before the various array elements are transmitted to the same frequency slot of an L/S band, the Ku/Ka band demultiplexing device 232 separates the array elements by dividing the signal to be adjusted into different "compositions". These input beam signals are individually power amplified by the foreground load power amplifier 215 before the array elements of the foreground link are radiated.

We assume here that the multiplexer 231 performs a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and corresponds to a demultiplexing device 232 that performs a frequency division demultiplexing (FDM demuxing) on the ground. However, this multiplex/demultiplexing The devices 231-232 may perform other multiplex/demultiplexing methods, such as time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing CDM or time division multiplexing, code division multiplexing, and/or frequency division multiplexing.

First embodiment

3 shows a system and method for recovering mobile communication for a resident of a disaster area via a small drone M2 having a ground beamforming (GBBF) or a far-end beamforming network (RBFN) capability and acting as a ground gateway communication relay . Referring to Figure 3, the M2 drone 120 can only provide one-way forwarding communication, such as broadcast or multicast. The M2 UAV 120 front-end link communicates with the array element 127 that does not have a beamforming function (BFN) using mobile communication. After the ground-based beamforming function 1101 is connected to a first data source from the background network of the terrestrial network 101 or the drone 120, the M2 drone 120 provides one of the communication communication hubs 110 to the beam position 1303. The first receiving action user B is connected to each other. At the same time, the drone 120 provides a communication communication hub 110 connected to a second data source to a second receiving mobile user D at the beam location 1302. The second data source may come from the terrestrial network 101 or from the same coverage area. One source of the background link of the drone 120 of 130. The processing/communication communication hub 101 will simultaneously perform transmission beamforming functions on many of the transmission beams of the array elements of the M2 drone.

Referring to Figure 3, the M2 drone 120 provides only a one-way background link (receive only) service that includes the functionality of a dual base radar receiver. The background link of the M2 drone 120 communicates with the on-board array elements of the beamformer (BFN) via mobile communication. The M2 drone 120 provides an interconnection between a first data source A and a ground processing communication hub 110, one of the beam locations 1303, which is connected to a first data recipient via the terrestrial network 101, or via The foreground of the drone 120 is linked to connect a user within the drone coverage area 130. At the same time, the drone 120 provides a second source of data C from the beam location 1302 to an operational terrestrial communications hub 110 that can be connected to a second data recipient or by the drone 120 via the terrestrial network 101. The foreground link is connected to one of the recipients within a coverage area 130. The M2 drone 120 provides an interconnection between residents in the coverage area 130 to a communication hub that acts as a "gateway" to the ground network. The processing/communication communication hub 101 simultaneously performs receive beamforming functions on a number of receive beams of the array elements of the M2 drone.

4 illustrates a similar embodiment in which a rescuer organization communicates via an M1 drone 120-1 within a coverage area 130. Ground facility 410 has:

1. The multi-beam antenna 411 is simultaneously connected to various drone platforms 120 through different Ku/Ka band feeder links 450.

2. Ground beamforming (GBBF) of the foreground link (transmission) beam and the return link (receive) beam.

3. The mobile communication hub 413 acts as a gateway to the network formed by the terrestrial network 480 or other drones.

The M1a drone 120-1 along with its ground beamforming (GBBF) processing function multiple beams 1301, 1302, 1303, and the like. A reserved public safety in both the foreground chain and the background link In the frequency band; for example, 4.9 GHz or 700 MHz in the United States. The user (rescue organization) in the coverage area has an omnidirectional terminal 436.

4 presents an example of a broadcast and/or multicast system and method that passes through a small drone having a ground beamforming (GBBF) or a far end beamforming network (RBFN). The one-way communication shown here is sent to the rescuer organization in the coverage area 130 via the M1 drone 120-1. The ground facility 410 has: 1. The multi-beam antenna 411 provides a Ku/Ka band feeder link 450 from the ground device 410 to the M1a drone 120-1 platform; 2. The ground beamforming (GBBF) process includes parallel foreground links ( Transmitting) multi-beam beamforming function; 3. Mobile communication hub 413 acts as a gateway to the terrestrial network 480 or other drone-based network.

The M1a drone 120-1, along with its ground beamforming (GBBF) processing, has a plurality of transmit beams 1301, 1302, 1303, etc., including foreground links that remain in a common secure band; for example, 4.9 GHz or 700 MHz in the United States .

The user (rescue organization) in the coverage area has an omnidirectional terminal 436.

The M1a drone 120-1 provides an interconnection between wireless users to a communication hub of a terrestrial network.

This embodiment can be applied to a dual base radar receiver platform. The associated processing device 411 on the ground can be modified to perform beamforming functions not only through the ground shaped beam (GBBF) 412, but also include signal processing functions for distance gating, Doppler frequency spacing, and additional Radar/imaging processing.

FIG. 5 illustrates a scenario in which the 521-1 of four small drones perform a communication relay task for residents in the L/S band via a ground shaped beam (GBBF). The four small drones 520-1 are labeled M1a, M1b, M1c, and M1d, and their flight patterns are closely aligned with each other (for example, 10 meters or less). The foreground link 420 has a plurality of spot beams 1301, 1302, and 1303 in the L/S band of the coverage area 130 serving less than 100 kilometers in diameter, and a ground user 436 can utilize his or her mobile phone pair within the same coverage area 130 or Other users communicate, and the coverage area 130 may vary depending on the requirements of the task being performed.

The ground station communication hub 410 of Figure 4 will receive status signals from the front end 411 from the feeder link 550, and a ground shaped beam (GBBF) processor 412 will (1) restore the onboard to four small unmanned aerial vehicles (on-board). The received array element signal 217 and its precise amplitude and phase, and (2) digital beamforming (DBF) processing of the beam signals generated by the array element signals recovered from the different drones 520-1, and 3) Providing a further receiving function comprising modulating the waveform of the received beam signal for conversion to a stream of data before the waveform is transmitted by the mobile communication hub 413 through the terrestrial network 480 to the destination. Figure 12 will carefully illustrate the foreground and background links of the Ground Formed Beam (GBBF).

Similarly, in the foreground link signal, the ground shaped beam processor 412 performs: (1) after the data source from the terrestrial network 480 is modulated by the mobile communication hub 413 and channel formatted, the receiving and transmitting are performed. "beam signal" sent by the device; (2) performing digital beamforming (DBF) processing on the fundamental "beam signal", which is generated by the small drone 520-1 at the same time. The parallel array element signal of the L/S band; (3) in order to link the foreground link 550 to the four drones 520-1 via the feeder chain, up-converting and frequency-division multiplexing these array elements to the Ku/Ka band. On the coverage area 130, under different spot beams 1301, 1302, and 1303, multi-beam signals are assigned to the user. These transmitted beam signals will be simultaneously forwarded to different users within the coverage area 130.

In the individual four small drones 520-1, the processing from the feeder link to the foreground link is the same. Taking the M1a drone 120-1 shown in FIG. 3 as an example, the uplink signals received by the feeder antenna 236 and the I/O duplexer 233 are adjusted by the Ku/Ka band low noise amplifier 234. The Ku/Ka band demultiplexing device 232 transmits the processed signal before the frequency converter 220 converts various "basic" signals from one of the Ku/Ka bands to a same frequency slot of an L/S band. Separate to different array elements to separate the "array" signal. These input beam signals are individually power amplified by the foreground load power amplifier 215 before the array elements of the foreground chain are radiated.

We assume here that the multiplexer 231 performs a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and corresponds to a demultiplexing device 232 that performs a frequency division demultiplexing (FDM demuxing) on the ground. However, this multiplex/demultiplexing The device 231/232 can perform other multiplex/demultiplexing methods, such as time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM) or time division multiplexing, code division multiplexing, and/or frequency division multiplexing. combination.

Another example shows a mobile communication system and method for implementing rescue personnel in a disaster area using multiple dense small drones with ground-forming beams (GBBF) or RBF networks. The term "M1 drone 520-1" is used to indicate all four small drones; the M1a drone, the M1b drone, the M1c drone and the M1d drone as shown in Figure 5. FIG. 5 illustrates a similar embodiment in which a rescuer organization communicates via a plurality of M1 drones 520-1 in a coverage area 130.

The ground device 410 has: 1. The multi-beam antenna 411 is transmitted through different Ku/Ka band feeder links 550 to simultaneously connect to various UAV platforms 520-1; 2. For the foreground link (transmission) beam and return link (receive) The beam-forming beam (GBBF) of the beam; 3. The mobile communication hub 413 acts as a gateway to the network formed by the ground network 480 or other drones.

The M1a, M1b, M1c, and M1d drones 520-1, along with their ground shaped beam (GBBF) processing, have multiple transmit beams 1301, 1302, and 1303, and the like. In the case of a reserved public safety band, the link and the background link; for example, at 4.9 GHz or 700 MHz in the United States, the user (rescue organization) in the coverage area has an omnidirectional terminal 436.

In the first operation scheme, the mobile communication front link and the background link are transmitted through a plurality of closely-formed M1 drones 520-1, and the array elements on the plurality of drones 520-1 have beamforming foundations. Beamforming (GBBF) 412 or Far End Beamforming Network (RBFN). The Ku/Ka channel at the feeder link 550 must be designed to have sufficient instantaneous bandwidth to support all of the drones simultaneously. These techniques may include advanced multi-beam antennas for feeder links on terrestrial devices that provide orthogonal beams to simultaneously connect to all drones to aid in frequency reuse. On the other hand, for foreground communication loads, different drones provide different groups of beams that operate in various frequency bins, different group codes, and/or time slots. Each drone supports an independent stream of data, and the relative position between different drone elements becomes less important. In different drones, there is no way to combine the RF radiated power of the independent data stream. When a channel is bound to a specific relationship, information or data streams of high data rate users can be combined.

In a second operation scheme, the mobile communication foreground link and the background link are transmitted through a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles 520-1 of multiple tight formation M1, and the plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles 520-1 have beams between the distributed sub-arrays Formed Ground Beamforming (GBBF) 412 or Far End Beamforming Network (RBFN), each of which is a separate drone. The Ku/Ka channel at the feeder link 550 must be designed to have sufficient instantaneous bandwidth to support all drones simultaneously. These techniques may include advanced multi-beam antennas for feeder links on terrestrial devices that provide orthogonal beams and are simultaneously connected to all drones to aid in frequency reuse. The spacing between the M1 drones 520-1 changes slowly. Therefore, in these points The relative geometry between scattered and slowly varying array elements is extremely important to maintain consistency between sub-arrays. Slowly varying array geometries must be continually calibrated and then appropriately compensated for in the foreground and background links as part of the function 412 of Ground Beamforming (GBBF). This work plan will allow for the addition of stronger radiated signals from multiple M1 drones 520-1, such as penetrating debris or man-made structures, so that signals reach users with inferior terminals or reach users in vulnerable locations.

Another example demonstrates a mobile communication system and method for implementing one-way broadcast or multicast communication using multiple dense small unmanned aerial vehicles using ground beamforming (GBBF) or remote beamforming network (RBFN). We use the term "M1 drone 520-1" to refer to all four small drones; the M1a drone, the M1b drone, the M1c drone and the M1d drone as shown in Figure 5. The M1 UAV 520-1 front-end link system communicates with the array element 217 without beamforming function (BFN) using mobile communication. After a communications hub 110 is connected to one of the first sources of terrestrial network 408 or to one of the sources of the M1 drone 520-1 background link using a ground beamforming (GBBF) function 412, the M1 drone 520 -1 provides an interconnection from a communication communication hub 110 connected to a first data source to a first receiving mobile user B at a beam location 1303. At the same time, the M1 drone 520-1 provides an interconnection between a communication communication hub 410 connected to a second data source and a second receiving mobile user D at the beam position 1302. The second data source may be from the terrestrial network 408. Or from the background link of the M1 drone 520-1 in the same coverage area 130. The processing/communication communication hub 410 will also perform transmission beamforming functions for a plurality of transmission beams of array elements for the M1 drone 520-1 at the same time.

In a first operational scenario, the mobile communication front link is transmitted through a plurality of immediately adjacent M1 drones 520-1 having a ground shaped beam (GBBF) 412 or via beamforming between array elements based on an unmanned aircraft. End Beamforming Network (RBFN). The Ku/Ka channel at the feeder link 550 must be designed There is enough instantaneous bandwidth to support all drones simultaneously. These techniques may include advanced multi-beam antennas for feeder links on terrestrial devices that provide orthogonal beams that are simultaneously connected to all of the drones to aid in frequency reuse. Different drones will provide different sets of beams operating in various frequency bins, different sets of codes, and/or multiple time slots for foreground communication loads. Each drone supports independent data streaming, and the relative position of the different drones becomes less important. The RF radiated power associated with these independent data streams cannot be "coherently combined" between many different drones. Information or data streams can be combined for high data rate signal streams by binding channels to specific relationships.

In a second operational scenario, the mobile communication pre-link is transmitted through a plurality of tightly formed M1 drones 520-1 of a ground shaped beam (GBBF) 412 or via a split array of unmanned on-board array elements. An additional far-beamforming network (RBFN) for beamforming, each of which is a separate drone. The Ku/Ka channel at the feeder link 550 must be designed to have sufficient instantaneous bandwidth to support all drones simultaneously. These techniques may include advanced multi-beam antennas for feeder links on terrestrial devices that provide orthogonal beams that are simultaneously connected to all of the drones to aid in frequency reuse. The spacing between the M1 drones 520-1 changes slowly. Therefore, the relative geometry between these discrete and slowly varying array elements is extremely important to maintain consistency between sub-arrays. Slowly varying array geometries must be continually calibrated and then appropriately compensated for in the foreground and background links as part of the function 412 of Ground Beamforming (GBBF). This operational scenario will allow for the addition of stronger radiated signals from multiple M1 drones 520-1, such as penetrating debris or man-made structures, to enable signals to reach users with inferior terminals or to reach users in vulnerable locations.

Another example shows a mobile communication system and method for implementing one-way reception communication by a plurality of compact small unmanned aerial vehicles with ground beamforming (GBBF) or remote beamforming network (RBFN).

We used the term "M1 drone 520-1" to refer to all four small drones; the M1a drone, the M1b drone, the M1c drone, and the M1d drone shown in Figure 5.

Referring to Figure 5, the M1 drone 520-1 provides only a one-way background link (receive only) service that includes applications such as the functionality of a dual base radar receiver. The background link of the mobile communication based on the M1 drone 520-1 has the array element 217 as shown in FIG. The M1 drone 520-1 provides an interconnection between the first data source A and a ground processing communication hub 410 at one of the beam positions 1303. The ground processing communication hub 410 is connected to a first data receiver via the terrestrial network 480. Or a user chain connected to the coverage area 130 via the foreground link of the M1 drone 520-1. At the same time, the M1 drone 520-1 provides a second source of data C from the beam location 1302 to an operational terrestrial communications hub 410 that is connected to a second data recipient via the terrestrial network 480 or by The foreground link of the M1 drone 120 is connected to one of the recipients within the same coverage area 130. The M1 drone 520-1 provides an interconnection of data sources within the coverage area 130 to a communications hub that is connected to one of the terrestrial networks. The processing/communication communication hub 410 will simultaneously perform receive beamforming functions to receive beams from array elements on multiple M1 drones 520-1. In a first operational scenario, the background link of the mobile communication is transmitted through a plurality of immediately adjacent M1 drones 520-1 having a ground shaped beam (GBBF) 412 or via beamforming between array elements based on an unmanned aircraft. End Beamforming Network (RBFN).

The Ku/Ka channel at the feeder link 550 must be designed to have sufficient instantaneous bandwidth to support all drones simultaneously. These technologies may include advanced multi-beam days for feeder links on ground equipment A line that provides orthogonal beams simultaneously connected to all of the drones to aid in frequency reuse. Different drones provide different groups of beams that operate in various frequency bins, different group codes, and/or time slots. Each drone supports an independent stream of data, and the relative position between different drone elements becomes less important. In different drones, the RF power associated with the received independent data stream cannot be "coherently" combined. High data rate user information or data streams can be combined when the channel is bound to a specific relationship.

In a second operational scenario, the background link of the mobile communication is transmitted through a plurality of immediately adjacent M1 drones 520-1 having a ground shaped beam (GBBF) 412 or via a beamforming shaped beam between the distributed sub-arrays Forming Networks (RBFN); each is a separate drone, and the Ku/Ka channel in the feeder chain 550 must be designed with sufficient instantaneous bandwidth to support all drones simultaneously. These techniques may include advanced multi-beam antennas for feeder links on terrestrial devices that provide orthogonal beams while being connected to all of the drones to aid in frequency reuse.

The spacing between the M1 drones 520-1 changes slowly. Therefore, the relative geometry between these discrete and slowly varying array elements is extremely important to maintain consistency between sub-arrays. The slowly varying array geometry must be continually calibrated and then appropriately compensated for as a part of the ground beamforming (GBBF) function 412 in the background link. This mode of operation will increase the consistency of the received signals picked up by the plurality of M1 drones 520-1, thereby enhancing the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

In addition, multi-beam GNSS receivers [1, 2, 3] in individual drones will not only provide information on individual platform locations, but will also provide positioning information for the platform. Therefore, all components on a sub-array of a mobile drone can be dynamically and accurately calculated with the average speed of all participating drones. Geometry from multiple slow moving drones, no one The current flight path position of the machine can also be accurately calculated, and the future skip track can also be located a few seconds ago.

In dual-base radar receiving applications, the continuous signal transmitted from multiple drones will provide better signal-to-noise ratio and better spatial resolution. There are many RF transmitters for two-way or multi-directional radars that are in the L-band to cover global GNSS satellites, terrestrial and ocean C-band satellites, or in the Ku and Ka bands to cover many continents or land, oceans and air near the equator. High-power DBS satellites or spot beam satellites nearby.

Figure 6 illustrates the scenario where the 620-1 of four small drones perform a communication relay task for residents in the L/S band via Ground Beamforming (GBBF). The four small drones 620-1a, 620-1b, 620-1c, and 620-1d are labeled M1a, M1b, M1c, and M1d, and their flight distribution patterns have a large distance between these drones ( For example, more than 1 km). The four individual drone front station links 420 have a plurality of spot beams 1301, 1302, and 1303 in the L/S frequency band of the coverage area 130 serving less than 100 kilometers in diameter. A ground user 436 can communicate with other users within or outside of the same coverage area 130 using advanced user equipment characterized by the following four small drones having multiple tracking beams simultaneously and independently. The multiple beams of the advanced user terminal can operate in the same frequency slot respectively in the link between each of the four drones and the ground user. The coverage area 130 may vary depending on the requirements of performing the task.

The ground station communication hub 410 of FIG. 6 will receive from its front end 411 four separate feeder links 550 from four drones (M1a 620-1a, M1b 620-1b, M1c 620-1c, and M1d 620-1d). Status signal. A ground-based beamforming (GBBF) processor 412 will perform the following steps: (1) recovering the array element signals 217 received from the four small drones 620-1a, 620-1b, 620-1c, and 620-1d and Its precise amplitude and phase; (2) for each ground user, from 4 drones 620-1 The recovered array element signals generate four sets of receive beam signals in parallel, and simultaneously perform four sets of digital beamforming (DBF) to process the received beam signals; (3) provide further receiving functions, including modulating four receive beam signal waveforms. Converting to a data stream; (4) converting the signal received by the channel into a string in the beam signal before the mobile communication hub 413 transmits the beam signal to the destination via the terrestrial network 413, and the beam signal It receives the beam signals of 4 different drones from one user. In steps (3) and (4), if the signal modulation techniques for all four feeder links are the same, the order can be changed to a reverse order. Figure 12 will carefully illustrate the forward link and return link of Ground Beamforming (GBBF).

Similarly, in the signal in the forward link, the ground beamforming processor 412 will perform the following steps: (1) modulating the data source from the terrestrial network 480 by the mobile communication hub 413 and channel formatting. After receiving the "beam signal" sent from the transmitter; (2) dividing the modulated signal to be converted into 4 sub-stream beam signals; (3) performing on the "sub-stream beam signal" of each fundamental frequency Four parallel and independent digital beamforming (DBF) processes to generate parallel array elements to be transmitted by the four small drones 620-1 at the fundamental frequency of the L/S band; (4) for the link through the feeder The 550 forward link to the four UAVs 620-1, upconverting and frequency division multiplexing these array elements to the Ku/Ka band. From four identical drones and on the same coverage area 130, in different spot beams 1301, 1302 and 1303, multi-beam signals are assigned to the user. These transmitted beam signals will be simultaneously forwarded to different users within the coverage area 130, and users with advanced multi-beam terminals will have 4 times the channel capacity compared to the capacity of a single drone 120.

In the four small drones 620-1, the processing from the feeder link to the front link is the same for each frame. Taking the M1a drone 120-1 shown in FIG. 3 as an example, the uplink signal is received by the feeder antenna 236 and the I/O duplexer 233, and is adjusted by the low noise amplifier 234 of the Ku/Ka band. The frequency converter 220 converts from one of the Ku/Ka frequency bands to each "array" signal to an L/S Before the same frequency bin of the frequency band, the Ku/Ka band demultiplexing device 232 separates the processed signals into different array elements to separate the "array" signals before the array elements 217 of the foreground links radiate. These input beam signals are individually power amplified by the power amplifier 215 of the foreground load.

We assume here that the multiplexer 231 performs a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and corresponds to a demultiplexing device 232 that performs a frequency division demultiplexing (FDM demuxing) on the ground. However, the multiplexer/demultiplexer 231/232 can perform other multiplex/demultiplexing methods, such as time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing CDM or time division multiplexing, and/or multiple code division. The combination of work.

The next example shows a system and method for providing mobile communication for rescuers in a disaster area using a large number of small drones with large spacing and ground beamforming (GBBF) or RBF networks. Rescue workers should be equipped with multi-beam terminals.

The term "M1 drone 620-1" is used to indicate all four small drones; as shown in Figure 6, M1a drone 620-1a, M1b drone 620-1b, M1c drone 620-1c, and M1d drone 620- 1d. FIG. 6 illustrates a similar embodiment of a rescuer organization within a coverage area 130 for communication via a plurality of M1 drones 620-1.

The ground facility 410 has: 1. Through different Ku/Ka band feeder links 550, the multi-beam antenna 411 is simultaneously connected to various UAV platforms 620-1, 2. For the foreground link (transmission) beam and return link (receive) Ground beamforming (GBBF) of the beam, 3. Mobile communication hub 413 acts as a gateway to the network formed by the ground network 480 or other drones.

The M1a, M1b, M1c, and M1d drones 620-1, along with their ground beamforming (GBBF) processing, have multiple transmit beams 1301, 1302, 1303, and the like. Preserve future links and background links in a public safety band; for example: 4.9 GHz or 700 MHz in the United States.

The user (rescue organization) in the coverage area is provided with a multi-tracking beam terminal 633. Each advanced user terminal can display and track the four M1 drones 620-1 and operate four separate beams that remain in the same frequency bin of the public safety band. The separation of multiple drones in the same bandwidth, code and time slot is achieved through a spatially isolated advanced user terminal. Therefore, the same spectrum is four times as shown in the scene of Figure 5.

In a first operational scenario, the mobile communication preamble link and the background link are transmitted through a plurality of immediately adjacent M1 drones 520-1 having a ground shaped beam (GBBF) 412 or via an array based on an unmanned array. Beamforming Far End Beamforming Network (RBFN)

The Ku/Ka channel at the feeder link 550 must be designed to have sufficient instantaneous bandwidth to support all M1 drones 620-1 at the same time. These techniques may include advanced multi-beam antennas for feeder links on terrestrial devices that provide orthogonal beams that are simultaneously connected to all of the drones to aid in frequency reuse. Similarly, for foreground communication loads, various drones provide beams that operate in the same frequency bins that support separate data streams. The relative position between the different drones becomes less important. The RF radiated power of these independent data streams cannot be combined with many different drones. High data rate user information or data streams can be combined when the channel is bound to a specific relationship.

In a second operational scenario, the mobile communication preamble link and the background link are traversed by a plurality of immediately adjacent M1 drones 520-1 having a ground shaped beam (GBBF) 412 or via an array based on an unmanned array. Beamformed Far End Beamforming Network (RBFN).

Each is a separate drone, and the Ku/Ka channel at the feeder link 550 must be designed to have sufficient instantaneous bandwidth to support simultaneous simultaneous operation of all drones. These techniques may include advanced multi-beam antennas for feeder links on terrestrial devices that provide orthogonal beams that are simultaneously connected to all of the drones to aid in frequency reuse. The spacing between the M1 drones 520-1 changes slowly. Therefore, the relative geometry between these discrete and slowly varying array elements is extremely important to maintain consistency between sub-arrays. Slowly varying array geometries must be continually calibrated and then appropriately compensated for in the foreground and background links as part of the function 412 of Ground Beamforming (GBBF). This work plan will allow for the addition of stronger radiated signals from multiple M1 drones 520-1, such as "penetrating" debris or man-made structures, so that signals reach users with inferior terminals or reach users in vulnerable locations.

However, in a plurality of mobile drone platforms 620-1, the DBF of the transmitting end (Tx) via ground beamforming (GBBF) is difficult to demonstrate consistency, dynamic path length calibration, and path compensation by different drones. The cost-effectiveness of the time becomes smaller.

In the tenth embodiment, we will introduce a wavefront over-application/disassembly technique for the calibration and compensation of the path length.

FIG. 7 illustrates a scenario in which the 620-1 of four small drones perform a communication relay task for residents in the L/S band in an emergency coverage area via ground beamforming (GBBF). The four small drones 620-1a, 620-1b, 620-1c, and 620-1d are labeled M1a, M1b, M1c, and M1d, and their flight distribution patterns have a large distance between them (such as greater than 1 km). In this configuration, wavefront multiplexing and demultiplexing techniques are used to enable the four small drones of the advanced receiver to perform the coherent power of the connected radiated signal. The ground station communication hub 710 includes four separate feeder link tracking antennas 411 in the Ku/Ka band that continuously track four different drones 620-1a, 620-1b, 620-1c And 620-1d. The four separate antennas 411 can be replaced with a set of multi-beam antennas having a large instantaneous field of view to continuously track four airborne platforms.

In the L/S band, the individual 4 UAV front station links 420 have a plurality of spot beams 1301, 1302, and 1303 to serve a coverage area 130 having a diameter of less than 100 kilometers, and a ground user 633 can utilize an advanced user device pair. Other users within or outside of the same coverage area 130 communicate with each other, and the features of the advanced user device 633 simultaneously and independently have multiple tracking beams for the four small drones 620-1. The multi-beam system of the advanced user terminal operates in the same frequency bin as one of the links of each of the four drones 620-1 and the ground user 633. The coverage area 130 may vary depending on the requirements of performing the task.

In each of the four small drones 620-1, the handling of each link from the feeder link to the foreground link is the same. Taking the M1a drone 120-1 shown in FIG. 3 as an example, the uplink signal is received by the feeder antenna 236 and the I/O duplexer 233, and is adjusted by the Ku/Ka band low noise amplifier 234. Before the frequency converter 220 converts various "array" signals from one of the Ku/Ka frequency bins to a same frequency bin of an L/S band, the Ku/Ka band demultiplexing device 232 transmits the processed The signals are separated into different array elements to separate the "array" signals. These input beam signals are individually power amplified by the power amplifier 215 of the foreground load prior to being transmitted by the array elements 217 of the foreground link.

We assume here that the multiplexer 231 performs a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and corresponds to a demultiplexing device 232 that performs a frequency division demultiplexing (FDM demuxing) on the ground. However, the multiplexer/demultiplexer 231/232 can perform other multiplex/demultiplexing methods, such as time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), or time division multiplexing, and multiple code divisions. A combination of work and/or frequency division multiplexing.

Figure 7A shows a flow diagram of a foreground link transmission with a WF overlay 714 in the same location as a ground equipment beamforming (GBBF) 412 and a WF cancellation 724 in an advanced user terminal 633.

We define the symbols as follows:

(1) For a WF overlay device

a. Input nickname "slice": WF overrider first input nickname "unit 1"; b. output nickname "wavefront component" or "wfcs": WF override The first output is called "wfc1".

(2) Similarly, for a WF solution device

a. The output is called "unit": the first output of the WF de-cutter is called "unit 1"; b. the input is called "wavefront element" or "wfcs": the WF de-capper The first input is called "wfc1".

In FIG. 7A, the WF overlay system uses a 4-pair 4 WF overlay 712 to convert a first one from a ground station communication hub 710 through four drones 620-1 to a user 633 front link. The user inputs S1 and the probe/diagnostic signal p1 to 4 WF field signals. S1 connected to unit 1 is designated to be transmitted to user terminal 633 at beam position 1302. In addition, the two signals S2 and S3 connected to the unit 2 and the unit 3 are simultaneously transmitted through the WF overlay processing to transmit through the same four drones. And they are at the same spot beam 1302 for use by other users. The diagnostic stream p1 is connected to unit 4.

A WF overlay device can be implemented in a number of ways, including a Fourier transform, a Hadamard matrix in one of the digit patterns, or a Fourier transform combined with a Hadamard matrix. It can also consist of an analog passive circuit in a Butler Matrix (BM). In FIG. 7A, the four-to-four WF-applicator 712 has three input signals (S1, S2, and S3) connected to three input units in the WF over-application/unblocking processing device 714, and is connected to the 4 input unit pilot code stream;

1. The output signal of the WF overlay 712 is the sum of the various weights of the four input signals s1, s2, s3, and ps. In particular, y1, y2, y3, and y4 are calculated according to the following formulas: y1(t)=w11*s1(t)+w12*s2(t)+w13*s3(t)+w14*ps(t) (Formula 1.1 )

Y2(t)=w21*s1(t)+w22*s2(t)+w23*s3(t)+w24*ps(t) (Equation 1.2)

Y3(t)=w31*s1(t)+w32*s2(t)+w33*s3(t)+w34*ps(t) (Formula 1.3)

Y4(t)=w41*s1(t)+w42*s2(t)+w43*s3(t)+w44*ps(t) (Equation 1.4)

Where s1(t)=S1, s2(t)=S2, s3(t)=S3, and s4(t)=S4.

2. The wavefront vector (WFV) composed of 4WF elements (wfc) is defined as a column matrix. These four vectors (column matrices) are mutually orthogonal: WFV1=WF1=Transport of[w11,w21,w31,w41] (Equation 2.1)

WFV2=WF2=Transport of[w12,w22,w32,w42] (Equation 2.2)

WFV3=WF3=Transport of[w13,w23,w33,w43] (Equation 2.3)

WFV4=WF4=Transport of[w14,w24,w34,w44] (Equation 2.4)

3. If X=Y, then WFX*WFY=1; otherwise WFX*WFY=0; where X and Y are integers from 1 to 4.

4. s1(t), s2(t), s3(t), and ps(t) are respectively coupled to respective inputs of WF overlay 714 to "attach" to one of the four WF vectors.

(1) The output signals y1(t), y2(t), y3(t), and y4(t) are linear combinations of WF elements (wfcs); the aggregated data stream, the output of the output 埠wfc-1 is a signal The stream y1 outputs the signal stream y2 of the output of 埠wfc-2, and so on.

(2) The S1 signal is copied and appears on the output of all four wavefront components. In fact, the S1 series is "loaded on the WF vector WF1". The same is true for S2, S3, and ps signals.

(3) Four output signals y1, y2, y3, and y4 are connected to the inputs of four independent transmission (Tx) digital beamforming (DBF) processors 751, respectively, and converted into various drone arrays. One of the 4 sets of array elements. Assuming that the foreground communication of each UAV 620-1 in the L/S band is Ne array elements, the processor 751 of a DBF at the transmitting end will be equipped with a Ne array output.

(4) Each of the four FDM multiplexers 752 performs multiplexed Ne signal elements to a single signal stream, and is assigned to one by one of the four separate high gain antennas 411. Before the machine 620-1, a set of RF front ends 753 are used for up-conversion and power amplification.

(5) Ground Beamforming (GBBF) 412 is provided with four sets of multi-beam DBF processors 751; each processor is assigned a Ne element in the "service" array to provide forward communication in the L/S band. The four independent arrays of the four drones will simultaneously form an L/S band beam to point to the same beam position 1302. Therefore, y1 is transferred to the user terminal 633 via the first drone 620-1a, y2 via the second drone 620-1b, y3 via the third drone 620-1c, and y4 via the fourth drone 620-1d.

(6) From the perspective of a first user who owns the S1 signal stream, the S1 signal stream is simultaneously transmitted by the four separate drones 620-1 to the designated user terminal through a same frequency slot f1. Machine 633.

(7) From the perspective of a second user who "owns" the S2 signal stream, the signal string is simultaneously transmitted by the four separate drones 620-1 to the second user through a same frequency bin f1. The second user is co-located at the same beam location 1302 of the first user and terminal machine 633.

(8) From the perspective of a third user who "owns" the S2 signal stream, the signal string is simultaneously transmitted by the four separate drones 620-1 to the third user through a same frequency bin f1. The third user is placed in common at the same beam location 1302 of the first user and terminal machine 633.

These WF domain signals are input to four parallel DBF processors 751 of a ground beamforming (GBBF) device 710. In another aspect, a multi-beam user receiver 633 is provided with a WF de-emerger that equalizes the transfer path to cause the foreground link to pass through four parallel elbow paths, including the uploaded ground segment, air. Electronic device for the unbalanced phase and amplitude difference of the segment and ground receiving segments. The four parallel signal paths include transfer segments such as (1) 450a+420a, (2) 450b+420b, (3) 450c+420c, and (4) 450d+420d. The "bend pipe function" is performed by four drones M1a 620-1a, M1b 620-1b, M1c 620-1c, and M1d 620-1d.

Each bend-type function associated with each drone 620-1 includes:

1. Receiving array element signals originating from ground processing device 710 and passing through feeder link 450.

2. Amplify and filter the received array element signals, or adjust the received array element signals.

3. Frequency conversion or forwarding of the adjusted array element signal.

4. Perform power amplification before re-radiating the array element signal with the specified array elements facing the ground.

The description of "bent pipe" shows that the signal passing through the repeater or repeater does not undergo any regeneration processing. These signals can be amplified, filtered, and/or frequency converted. The regeneration process should include a modulation function and another function of remodulation.

There are 3 function blocks of the advanced terminal 633 at a destination;

1. The signals forwarded by the four UAVs 620-1 are captured and amplified by a multi-beam receiver (Rx) array 745. The Rx array includes M array elements 722, each array element being accompanied by a low noise amplifier and a down converter 721 to condition the received signal.

2. The M parallel modulated received signals are sent to a multi-beam beamforming network (BFN) 723 that causes multiple tracking beams to follow the dynamics of the relay drone 620-1 form. The output of the multi-beam BFN 723 is four received data streams y1', y2', y3', and y4', which are mainly corresponding signals contaminated by noise and external interference by y1, y2, y3, and y4.

3. A WF unwrapping process 724 includes a row of Adaptive Equalizers 741 and a 4-to-4 WF de-emaborator 742 to reconstruct the 3 elements and a pilot stream of the signal stream. ;

(1) Inputs y1', y2', y3', and y4' are connected to four adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filters 741 for the purpose of equalizing time, phase, and amplitude in four transmission paths.

(2) The individual adaptive filter 741 compensates for the phase difference caused by "dispersion" in the transmission path (array array element) via a drone. This will result in a significant improvement in the torsional waveform due to dispersion; reducing intersymbol interference.

(3) The difference in the four FIR filters 741 is optimized by four different drones 620-1 to compensate for the time and phase differences between the transmission paths.

(4) A repetitive arithmetic control loop optimizes the weight of the FIR filter 741 according to an optimization process 743 based on a comparison 744 between the known injected diagnostic signal and the restored pilot signal S4.

(5) Connected from the filtered output of the adaptive FIR filter to the WF demultiplexer.

(6) Between the output 埠 of the WF demultiplexer is 3 units of the desired signal stream and a pilot signal.

i. The WF applier for the first user formulates the signal received from the first unit or the first output port; ii. Similarly, the WF appliers for the second user and the third user are respectively The signal is received from the second unit (second output port) or from the third unit (third output port).

(7) In the optimization process 743, the optimization loop using the standard of cost minimization includes:

i. Determine the correct observations for the optimized loop, including: The difference between the recovered pilot signal stream and the original signal.

The correlation of the signals from the output unit of the WF demultiplexer 742.

Ii. Produce different cost functions based on various observables:

Converting or mapping various observations to different metrics or cost functions must be clearly defined:

When an observable quantity meets the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function becomes zero.

When an observable is only slightly away from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a small positive integer.

When an observable is far from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a large positive integer.

Iii. Adding all cost functions to a total cost is a digital indicator of the current state of the optimized loop performance: when the total cost is less than a small positive threshold, the optimization loop is stopped.

Otherwise proceed to step 4.

Iv. Deriving the slope of the total cost of the adaptive equalizer weight, the weight of the adaptive equalizer is in the form of an FIR filter.

v. Calculating new weights of the FIR filter according to a fastest descent algorithm to reduce the total cost of the optimized repetitive arithmetic loop.

Vi. Update the weight of the adaptive equalizer and perform step "2".

In Fig. 7A, the frequency pilot code "ps" is connected to a dedicated input port S4 of the WF aggregator 712, that is, the fourth input unit. This is illustrative only and not a limitation. The number of inputs can be different from 4, and maybe even more.

In addition, the frequency code may not be used for diagnostic purposes. In other embodiments, the pilot code "ps" uses the fourth input 埠S4, that is, a portion of the fourth input unit, in the WF overlay 712 of FIG. 7A via TDM, CDM, and/or FDM techniques. The WF wrapper 742 must adjust the time, code, and/or frequency demultiplexing functions in the receive chain 724 at the corresponding receive pilot code.

In another embodiment, in the operation of the time frame with the time frame, the diagnostic signal can simultaneously set N independent pilot codes for the N inputs of the WF overlay 712, wherein one of the periodic short-term slots is used as a Diagnostic time slot, where 4 N 1. Most of the time slots in a frame are only used for data transmission. The WF wrapper 742 must restore N independent frequency transcodes on the corresponding N channels in the receive chain 724 to adjust the time demultiplexing function. The correlation optimization may use cross-correlation as a cost function from the N outputs of the WF unsolving 742 during the time slot of the diagnosis.

Figure 7B depicts a background link transmission of a WF overlay 764, which is applied to an advanced user terminal 633 and a WF overlay/unblocking process corresponding to a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) 412 ground device. A detailed flowchart of the WF demultiplexer 742 in device 714.

For a user in the transmission mode, there are three functional blocks of the advanced terminal 633:

1. A WF overlay process is provided with a 4-pair 4 WF de-spreader 764 to convert the stream of signal S1 originating from a transmitter 765, and a diagnostic stream of unit 4. Unit 2 and unit 3 are not connected or grounded.

a. Other users in the vicinity can use the same WF application processing unit 2 and/or unit 3 of each user terminal to transfer different data streams S2 and S3 to the same ground station to the same ground station communication hub. It is transferred via the same four drones 620-1a, 620-1b, 620-1d, and 620-1d.

b. Each user signal stream is on a unique WF vector. If they are generated by a WF wrapper, they will output signals to the WF overlay orthogonally to each other. But they are produced by three identical WF wrappers. Three different user terminals are similar to terminal 633.

2. Four parallel output signals y1, y2, y3, and y4 are transmitted from the WF wrapper 764 to a multi-beam beamforming network (BFN) 723 that enables follow-up relays to be unmanned The machine 620-1 dynamically tracks a plurality of tracking beams. The signal stream y1 is from the output 埠wfc-1, the signal stream y2 is from the output 埠wfc-2, the signal stream y3 is from the output 埠wfc-3, and the signal stream is from the output 埠wfc-4.

3. The multi-beam transmission BFN 763 output signal is adjusted, which is up-converted and power amplified by a bank of frequency up-converters and power amplifiers 762 before being radiated by array elements 722. The four Tx beam signals are mainly related to the y1 signal of the drone 620-1a, the y2 signal of the drone 620-1b, the y3 signal of the drone 620-1c, and the y4 signal of the drone 620-1d.

The signal linking the L/S band in the foreground is extracted and amplified by M receiver (Rx) array elements, and the M received array elements are individually on the four drones 620-1. It is forwarded and multiplexed with FDM. The FDM's multiplexed array signals are passed back to ground beamforming (GBBF); those array elements from the drone M1a 620-1a are first down link 450a via one of the Ku/Ka band feeder links 450. Those array elements from the drone M1b620-1b are via a second down link 450b of the Ku/Ka band feeder link 450. Those array signals from the drone M1c620-1c and the drone M1d620-1d are respectively passed through a third downward link 450c and a fourth downward link 450d of the Ku/Ka band feeder link 450.

These down-linked array elements are captured by the four-way antenna 411 in the mobile communication hub 710, and these array elements are controlled by the shots before being transmitted to the multi-beam Rx DBF 781. The frequency front end unit 783 is converted and down-converted by an FDM demultiplexer 782 and the FDM is demultiplexed to M outputs at a fundamental frequency. The output 埠 at one of the individual 4 Rx DBFs is used to designate a Tx beam having a common beam position 1302, which is also the location of the user terminal 633. The four Rx DBF 781 beam outputs pointing to the beam position 1302 are designated as y1", y2", y3", and y4", which are the four input signals input to the receiving program of the WF overlay/unsolving processing device 714. These receiving programs mainly include an equalization function that passes through the adaptive FIR filter 741 and a WF solution that is transmitted through a four-to-four WF demultiplexer 742.

After the full optimization by the iterative operation equalization, the optimized output signal from the first output unit 1 will be the recovery signal S1 generated by the user terminal 633 of the beam position 1302 in the foreground. This restored S1 line is carried on WF1. Similarly, the optimized output signal from the second output unit 2 will be the recovery signal S2 generated by the user terminal 633 of the beam position 1302 in the foreground. This restored S2 line is carried on WF2.

A receiving process 741 of the WF overriding/unwrapping unit 714 includes a row of adaptive equalizers 741 and a 4-to-4 WF de-splitter 742 to reconstruct the 3-unit and one-frequency code string of the signal stream. flow;

(1) The y1', y2', y3', and y4' input signals are connected to four adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filters that equalize time, phase, and amplitude in four transfer paths.

(2) The individual adaptive filters compensate for the phase difference caused by the "dispersion" in the transmission path (array array element) of a feeder link via a drone. This will result in a significant improvement in the torsional waveform due to dispersion; reducing intersymbol interference in a source.

(3) The difference in the four FIR filters is optimized by a set of four different drones to compensate for the time and phase differences between the transfer paths.

(4) A reverse operation control loop is based on a comparison 744 between the known injected diagnostic signal ps and the restored pilot signal S4, and is based on a foreground link optimization process 743 to optimize the weight of an FIR filter.

(5) The four wfc inputs 连接 connected from the filtered output of the adaptive FIR filter 741 to the WF demultiplexer 742.

(6) The three units of the desired signal stream and one pilot signal are between the outputs of the WF demultiplexer.

a. The WF supplicant for the first user formulates a signal received from the first unit or the first output port.

b. Similarly, the WF override for the second user and the third user, respectively, is determined to receive signals from the second unit (second output port) or from the third unit (third output port).

(7) In the optimization process 743, the optimization loop using the standard of cost minimization includes:

a. Identify the correct observations for the optimized loop, including: the difference between the recovered pilot signal stream and the original signal.

The correlation of the signals from the output unit of the WF demultiplexer 742.

b. Generate different cost functions based on various observables:

Converting or mapping various observations to different metrics or cost functions must be clearly defined:

i. When an observable is far from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is turned to zero.

Ii. When an observable is only slightly away from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a small positive integer.

Iii. When an observable is far from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a large positive integer.

c. Adding all the cost functions to a total cost, which is a digital indicator of the current state of the optimized loop performance: when the total cost is less than a small positive threshold, the optimization loop is stopped; otherwise, step d is continued.

d. Deriving the slope of the total cost of the weight of the adaptive equalizer, the weight of the adaptive equalizer is in the form of an FIR filter.

e. Calculating the new weight of the FIR filter according to a fastest descent algorithm to reduce the total cost of the optimized repetitive arithmetic loop.

f. Update the weight of the adaptive equalizer described and perform step "b".

The next example shows the future of mobile communication in the disaster area through a large number of small unmanned aerial vehicles with ground beamforming (GBBF) or RBNF, and the architecture of the WF overlay/unsolving coherent power synthesis receiver. And methods.

The term "M1 drone 620-1" is used to denote all 4 small drones; M1a drone 620-1a, M1b drone 620-1b, M1c drone 620-1c and M1d drone 620-1d as shown in Fig. 7. .

FIG. 7 illustrates a similar embodiment of a rescuer organization within a coverage area 130 for communication via a plurality of M1 drones 620-1.

Ground facility 710 has:

1. Multi-beam antenna 411 is transmitted through different Ku/Ka band feeder links 450 and simultaneously connected to various drone platforms 620-1: a. link 450a between ground device 710 and M1a drone 620-1a; b. a link 450b between the ground device 710 and the M1b drone 620-1b; c. A link 450c between the ground device 710 and the M1c drone 620-1c; d. a link 450d between the ground device 710 and the M1d drone 620-1d.

2. Ground beamforming (GBBF) of the foreground link (transmission) beam and the return link (receive) beam.

3. The mobile communication hub 413 acts as a gateway to the network formed by the terrestrial network 480 or other drones.

The M1a, M1b, M1c, and M1d drones 620-1, along with their ground beamforming (GBBF) processing, have a plurality of transmit beams 1301, 1302, 1303 and others retaining a forward link and a background link in a common secure band; For example: 4.9GHz or 700MHz in the United States.

The user (rescue organization) in the coverage area is provided with a multi-tracking beam terminal 633. Each advanced user terminal can display four separate beams that track the four M1 drones 620-1 operating in the same frequency bin that retains the public safety band. There are 4 simultaneous parallel links for the user 633 having the multi-beam terminal; 1. a link 420a between the multi-beam user 633 and the M1a drone 620-1a; 2. in the multi-beam user 633 and the M1b drone 620-1b Between the links 420b; 3. the link 420c between the multi-beam user 633 and the M1c drone 620-1c; and 4. the link 420d between the multi-beam user 633 and the M1d drone 620-1d.

The separation of multiple drones in the same bandwidth, code and time slot is achieved through a spatially isolated advanced user terminal. Therefore, the same spectrum is four times as shown in the scene of Figure 5.

WF Overlay/Unwrapping 712/742 is to calibrate and compensate for the unbalanced delay and attenuation between the four transfer paths and associated electronics; these four paths include: 1. 450-1a+620-1a; 450-1b+620-1b; 3. 450-1c+620-1c; and 4.450-1d+620-1d.

Before the mobile communication, the scene chain is transmitted through a plurality of sparse formation M1 drones 620-1 of the ground shaped beam (GBBF) 412 or a far-end beamforming network (RBFN) via beamforming 751 between the distributed sub-arrays; One is an independent drone, and the Ku/Ka channel in the feeder chain 450 must be designed to have sufficient instantaneous bandwidth to support all four M1 drones simultaneously. These techniques may include advanced multi-beam antennas for feeder links on terrestrial devices that provide orthogonal beams that are simultaneously connected to all of the drones to aid in frequency reuse. The spacing between the M1 drones 520-1 changes slowly. Therefore, the relative geometry between these discrete and slowly varying array elements is extremely important to maintain consistency between sub-arrays. Slowly changing array geometries must be continually calibrated and then properly compensated for the forward link.

This work plan will allow for the addition of stronger radiated signals from multiple M1 drones 520-1, such as "penetrating" debris or man-made structures, so that signals reach users with inferior terminals or reach users in vulnerable locations.

This is the adaptive equalization process for WF override/disassembly, which is based on the different amplitudes between the four separate transmission paths of the four independent drones based on the "recovery" detection signal on the WF de-emergence. The phase is dynamically compensated to ensure the ability to consistently have "consistency" in 4 individual drones.

The next example shows the return link for mobile communication in a disaster area through a large number of small drones with ground beamforming (GBBF) or RBNF, and the architecture of the WF overlay/unsolving coherent power synthesis receiver. method.

For a user in the transmission mode, there are three functional blocks of the advanced terminal 633 as shown in Fig. 7B.

1. A WF overlay process is provided with a 4-pair 4 WF de-spreader 764 to convert the stream of modulated signal S1, and S1 in cell 1 originates from a transmitter 765, with the diagnostic stream of cell 4. Unit 2 and unit 3 are not connected or grounded.

2. The four parallel outputs y1, y2, y3, and y4 from the WF overlay 764 are sent to a multi-beam beamforming network (BFN) 763 having follow-up relays. The plurality of tracking beams of the drone 620-1 are dynamic. The signal stream y1 is from the output 埠wfc-1, the signal stream y2 is from the output 埠wfc-2, the signal stream y3 is from the output 埠wfc-3, and the signal stream y4 is from the output 埠wfc-4.

3. The output of the beamforming network 763 for multi-beam transmission is adjusted to perform an upward frequency conversion and power amplification to a bank of frequency up-converters and power amplifiers 762 before being radiated by array elements 722. The beam signals of the four transmit data flows are mainly the y1 signal of the corresponding drone 620-1a, the y2 signal of the drone 620-1b, the y3 signal of the drone 620-1c, and the y4 signal of the drone 620-1d. .

The signal linking the L/S band in the foreground is extracted and amplified by the M array elements (Rx) on the UAV 620-1. The M received array elements are in the four M1 drones 620-1. The upper system is individually adjusted, forwarded, and multiplexed with FDM. The FDM multiplexed array element signal is passed to the subsequent ground beamforming (GBBF) 412; those array elements from the drone M1a 620-1a are first through the Ku/Ka band feeder chain 450. Link 450a down. Those array elements from the drone M1b620-1b are a second downward link via the feeder chain 450 of the Ku/Ka band. 450b Those array signals from the drone M1c620-1c and the drone M1d620-1d are respectively passed through a third downward link 450c and a fourth downward link 450d of the feeder chain 450 of the Ku/Ka band.

These down-linked array elements are captured by the four-way antenna 411 in the mobile communication hub 710. These array elements are controlled by the RF front-end unit 783 before being transmitted to the multi-beam Rx DBF 781. An FDM demultiplexer 782 converts its frequency down conversion and FDM demultiplexes the M output signals at a fundamental frequency. The output 埠 at one of the individual 4 RX DBFs is used to designate a Tx beam having a common beam position 1302, which is also the location of the user terminal 633. The beam output of the four Rx digital beamforming systems is designated as beam positions of y1, y2, y3, and y4. They are the four input signals input to the receiving program of the WF overriding/unsolving processing device 714. These receiving programs mainly include an equalization function that passes through four adaptive FIR filters 741 and a WF solution that is transmitted through a four-to-four WF demultiplexer 742.

After full optimization by the inverse arithmetic equalization, the optimized output signal from the first output unit 1 will be the recovered signal S1 generated by the user terminal 633 of the beam position 1302 in the foreground communication. This restored S1 line is carried on WF1. Similarly, the optimized output signal from the second output unit 2 will be the recovered signal S2 generated by the user terminal 633 of the beam position 1302 in the foreground communication. This restored S2 line is carried on WF2.

In FIG. 7B, the frequency pilot code "ps" is a dedicated input port s4, connected to the WF wrapper 764, the fourth input unit, but this is merely a limitation and not a limitation. The number of inputs can be different from 4, and the frequency code may not be used for diagnostic purposes.

In other embodiments, the pilot code "ps" is transmitted through a multiplexer in the TDM or CDM and/or FDM technology to use a fourth input port or a portion of the fourth input cut. In receive chain 714 The WF wrapper 742 in the process must have time, code and/or frequency demultiplexing functions in the corresponding recovered receive pilot code.

In another embodiment, in the operation of the time frame along with the time frame, the diagnostic signal can simultaneously set N independent pilot codes for the N inputs of the WF overlay 764, wherein one of the inputs is periodically short-lived. The trough is used as a diagnostic time slot, of which 4 N 1. Most of the time slots in a frame are only used for data transmission. The WF applet 742 in the receive chain 714 must provide a time-demultiplexing function that restores N independent frequency derivatives on the corresponding N channels. The associated optimization may use cross-correlation as a cost function from the N output signals of the WF de-split 742 during the diagnostic time slot.

In this embodiment, the WF is distributed over a large space and has a far-end beamforming network (RBFN) or ground beamforming (GBBF), and is not used for coherent power synthesis but for data transmission security and redundancy. The architecture and method of implementing mobile communication in the disaster area by the overridden/disassembled drone.

It uses WF to over-convert the signal instead of converting it on the waveform. In this way, you can use the same sum of multiple signals but each signal can have different weighting coefficients to represent multiple channels of various waveforms. Pass, where the modifier is placed at the sending point after the WFWF override.

In a multi-channel receiver, the received WFM waveform is demodulated into a WFM signal, and a corresponding WF decoding is used to reconstruct the original signal by using the WFM signal through a discontinuous combination.

Some can take advantage of WF overriding/unwrapping for similar configurations in non-coherent combinations, for communication via multiple satellites, including drone aerial platforms, land mobile communications, passive light via fiber optics Network (PON), and / or IP Internet communication to provide a common transmission of backup and better data security. Such dynamic transmission features built-in redundancy and data privacy. It is always important. For video streaming that is offloaded across multiple mirror sites on the IP internetwork, this is a very powerful tool that has greatly improved the speed at which video packets are delivered.

Figure 8a and Figure 8b respectively illustrate a functional flow diagram of forward link and return link transmission. The technique of WF overriding/unwrapping the background link in the forward link is not for coherent power synthesis but for Security and backup of data transmission. This technology provides both redundant and encrypted data segments. The transmission representing the data stream can be designed to be redundant and cryptographic in the form of multiple WF overlays. For example, with a 4 to 3 redundancy, the original data stream can be recovered at the destination end using any of the 4 WF coverage segments of the 4 WF coverage segments. Each WF overlay is transmitted separately through one of the four drones.

Figure 8a shows the forward-link description from the ground communication hub 710 to a user 633 through four drones 620-1, and the WF overlay is used to transmit three segments of data streams: X1, X2, and X3 from a first The user input X passes through a 4-pair 4WF overlay to the WF domain signals: y1, y2, y3, and y4. The segmentation stream is generated by a TDM demultiplexer 812. The input signal X of the TDM demultiplexer 812 is flowing at N samples per second, but the three output signals: X1, X2 and X3 are flowing at N/3 samples per second, wherein the output signal X1 is connected. The first slice (slice 1) is assigned to the client 633 located at the beam position 1302. The other two signals: x2 and x3 are connected to the second slice (slice 2) and the third slice (slice 3), respectively, and transmitted through the WF overlay processing of the same four drones.

A WF overlay device can be implemented in a number of ways, including a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), a Hadamard matrix in digital format, or a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and a Hadamard matrix. Constructed using a Butler Matrix of analog passive circuits. In Figure 8a, the four pairs of 4WF overlays 814 are provided with a 4-pair 4 Hadamard matrix. The three segmented user signals: X1, X2, and X3 are connected to the first three slices, but the "0" signal (ground signal) is connected to the fourth slice.

The output of the WF overlay is the sum of the weights of the inputs X1, X2, X3 and the "0" signal. In particular, y1, y2, y3, and y4 are respectively formulated as follows: y1(t)=w11*x1(t)+w12*x2(t)+w13*x3(t)+w14*0 (3.1)

Y2(t)=w21*x1(t)+w22*x2(t)+w23*x3(t)+w24* (3.2)

Y3(t)=w31*x1(t)+w32*x2(t)+w33*x3(t)+w34*0 (3.3)

Y4(t)=w41*x1(t)+w42*x2(t)+w43*x3(t)+w44*0 (3.4) where x1(t)=X1,x2(t)=X2,and x3( t)=X3, while elements in the 4 to 4 Hadamard matrix are arranged into 4 line vectors [w11, w12, w13, w14] = [1, 1, 1, 1] (3.5)

[w21, w22, w23, w24] = [1, -1, 1, -1] (3.6)

[w31, w32, w33, w34] = [1, 1, -1, -1] (3.7)

[w41, w42, w43, w44] = [1, -1, -1, 1] (3.8)

A wavefront vector (WFV) with four wavefront components (WFC) is defined as a matrix of columns in a 4-pair 4 Hadamard matrix. There are four such mutually orthogonal vectors (column matrices): WFV1=WF1=Transport of[1,1,1,1] (4.1)

WFV2=WF2=Transport of[1,-1,1,-1] (4.2)

WFV3=WF3=Transport of[1,1,-1,-1] (4.3)

WFV4=WF4=Transport of[1,-1,-1,1] (4.4)

If X=Y, WFX*WFY=1, otherwise WFX*WFY=0, where X and Y are integers from 1 to 4.

By connecting to a corresponding input of the WF overlay device 814, the x1(t), x2(t), x3(t), and "0" signals are respectively associated with one of the four wavefront vectors (WFV). .

The output signals: y1(t), y2(t), y3(t), and y4(t) are linear combinations of wavefront components, that is, aggregated data streams. The signal stream y1 is output from the output terminal wfc-1, y2 is output from the output terminal wfc-2, from the output terminal wfc-1, and so on.

The X1 signal is copied and appears on all four WFC outputs. In fact, X1 is riding on the WF vector WF1, and the x2, x3 and "0" signals are the same.

The output signals: y1(t), y2(t), y3(t), and y4(t) are coupled to four separate modulators 816 to convert the data input to a transmitted waveform. There are four sets of WFM waveforms at the output of the four modulators 816, representing the four segments of data streams in WF overlay format: y1, y2, y3, and y4. The data stream: y1, y2, y3, and y4 is called WFM signal or WFM data, and the corresponding four waveforms are the four WFM waveforms or WFM waveforms.

The four sets of waveforms are transmitted to four separate transmit digital beamforming processors 751 to convert them into four component signals for use on various UAV arrays. Assuming that there are Ne array elements on each UAV 620-1 for L/S band foreground communication, a processor 751 for transmitting digital beamforming should set Ne component outputs.

Each of the four FDM multiplexers performs multiplexing on the Ne corresponding digital signals to convert them into a single signal stream, which is uploaded to a designated one by one of the four separate high gain antennas 411. Prior to drone 620-1, the single signal stream was upconverted and power amplified by a set of RF front ends 753. The ground beamforming GBBF 412 is provided with four sets of digital beamforming (DBF) processors 751; each of which is designated to serve Ne elements used as an array of foreground communications in the L/S band. The four separate arrays used as foreground communications on the four drones will simultaneously form an L/S band beam that points out the same beam position 1302. Therefore, the waveform representing y1 is transmitted to the user terminal through the first drone 620-1a. 633, the waveform representing y2 is transmitted through the second drone 620-1b, the representative y3 through the third aerial vehicle 620-1c and the representative y4 through the fourth drone 620-1d.

From the point of view of the x1 signal stream, the x1 signal stream is simultaneously forwarded to the designated user end 633 through a plurality of separate drones 620-1 in a common frequency slot f1. From the point of view of the x2, x3 signal stream, it is simultaneously forwarded to the same designated user end 633 via the four separate drones 620-1 in a common frequency slot f1.

In a destination, there are three functional blocks in the advanced user end 633: (1) a multi-beam antenna, (2) a leading edge wavefront decoding processor, and (3) a de-segmentation process. .

The signals forwarded by the four drones 620-1 are captured, amplified, and demodulated by a multi-beam receive array 841. The multi-beam receive array 841 includes M array elements, each array element followed by a low noise amplifier (LNA) and down converter 722 for conditioning the received signal. The M parallel conditioned receive signals are sent to a multi-beamforming network 723 that dynamically forms a plurality of tracking beams with the four relay drones 620-1. The output of the multibeamforming network 723 has four received waveform groups representing the data streams: y1, y2, y3, and y4 and is transmitted to the four modulators 824 for restoring additional noise and external Interfere with contaminated data streams: y1, y2, y3, and y4. The quality of the recovered data stream (SNR, and/or BER) is highly dependent on the communication link formed between the mobile communication hub 710 and the user end through four drones.

Advanced WF demux

The WF unwrapping process 824 has one of 16 parameters of equation (3) corresponding to the four-to-four Hadamard matrix and the WF unsolving process 842 to reconstruct the three slices. Signal stream: X1, X2 and X3 and a "0" signal stream. Based on equation (3), Through the Hadamard matrix conversion 814, the demodulated WF muxed segments should be set as follows: y1'(t)=x1'(t)+x2'(t)+x3' (t) +0 (5.1)

Y2'(t)=x1'(t)-x2'(t)+x3'(t)-0 (5.2)

Y3'(t)=x1'(t)+x2'(t)-x3'(t)-0 (5.3)

Y4'(t)=x1'(t)-x2,(t)-x3’(t)+0 (5.4)

The above has 4 linear combination equations but only three unknowns X1', X2', X3. This is built-in redundancy; that is, only three of the four demodulated WF partitions can be used to reconstruct the original three segment streams: X1', X2', and X3'.

To take advantage of the redundancy in the WF override process 814, the advanced WF solution multi-division process 842 may not use a traditional Hadamard matrix. Assume that the third drone becomes unusable. Therefore y3'(t) does not exist in the repurchase process.

Based on equations (5.1) and (5.4) y1'(t) + y4'(t) = 2*x1'(t) (5.5a)

Therefore, x1'(t) = 1⁄2 (y1'(t) + y4'(t)) (5.5b)

Based on equations (5.1) and (5.2) y1'(t)-y2'(t)=2*x2'(t) (5.6a)

Therefore, x2'(t) = 1⁄2 (y1'(t)-y2'(t)) (5.6b)

Based on equations (5.2) and (5.4) y2'(t)-y4'(t)=2*x3'(t) (5.7a)

Therefore, x3'(t) = 1⁄2 (y2'(t)-y4'(t)) (5.7b)

This temporary solution is one of the possible solutions for the benefit of 4 to 3 redundancy.

When all four demodulated WF partitions of the WF de-spreading process 824 are available in a four-to-three redundant configuration, there are five different methods for WF unwrapping to re-construct the three points. Segment data stream: X1, X2, and X3. By comparing the five results from all possible data reduction configurations, an advanced WF-solving process 842 similar technique can be used to evaluate four independent transfer paths to determine if the four drones are being polluted. The data, if only one drone is damaged, can even determine which drone is forwarding contaminated data.

A time division multiplex (TDM) 843 is used to "de-segment" three recovered segmented data streams into three segment streams: X1', X2', and X3'. The reconstructed data stream X' should flow at a data rate of N samples per second.

In the foreground link in this figure, the WF division processing 814 has a handler for creating data security and redundancy based on data stream segmentation data from the signal. The secure split data stream is sent to a destination with multiple beam reception capabilities. The receiver simultaneously captures multiple segments of four drone platforms. It only needs any three of the four segments to faithfully reconstruct the original data stream.

It is envisioned that the three segmented streams may be three separate streams of data for three self-labeling users (e.g., in Figure 71302) for an identical beam position (e.g., 1302 of Figure 7). However, each user must have the ability to recover 3 WF divisions of data for 4 WF divisions of data, and the receiver must be customized to only read the specified data. As shown in the equations; (5.5b), (5.6b), and (5.7b), the user can manipulate the data stream of two of the three received data streams to obtain his or her specified data stream.

8B depicts a background link transmission between a WF divider 764 in an advanced user terminal 633 and a corresponding WF demultiplexer 724 with a ground beamforming (GBBF) 412.

For a user in a transmission mode, there are 3 functional modules in his or her advanced terminal 633. The WF division process has a 4-to-4 WF division 864 to convert three segmented data streams at input 片 (Slice 1, Slice 2, and Slice-3): X1, X2, and X3 and at the input 埠Piece 4 Zero signal flow. X1, X2, and X3 come from a data stream 725 that is demultiplexed 862 via a time division and flows at a rate of N/3 samples per second. The input data stream X flows at a rate of N samples per second. A 4 to 4 Hadamard matrix is used for the WF division 864. The Hadamard matrix is depicted by Equation 3 and repeated as follows: y1(t)=w11*x1(t)+w12*x2(t)+w13*x3(t)+w14*0 (3.1)

Y2(t)=w21*x1(t)+w22*x2(t)+w23*x3(t)+w24*0 (3.2)

Y3(t)=w31*x1(t)+W32*x2(t)+w33*x3(t)+w34*0 (3.3)

Y4(t)=w41*x1(t)+w42*x2(t)+w43*x3(t)+w44*0 (3.4) where x1(t)=X1,x2(t)=X2,and x3 (t) = X3.

The signal stream y1 is from the output 埠wfc-1, the signal stream y2 is from the output 埠wfc-2, the signal stream y3 is from the output 埠wfc-3, and the signal stream y4 is from the output 埠wfc-4. The four parallel outputs: y1, y2, y3, and y4 are sent to four parallel regulators 866 before being connected to a beamforming network (BFN) 763 that dynamically forms a plurality of tracking beams with the relay drone 620-1. . The regulator 866 converts four parallel data streams: y1, y2, y3, and y4 into four groups representing the waveforms of the four parallel data streams.

The multi-beam transmission BFN 763 of the beamforming network (BFN) 763 is upconverted and power amplified by the frequency conversion and power amplifier 762 before being radiated by the array elements 722. The four transmit beam signals are mainly representative of the y1 data stream for UAV620-1a, the y2 data stream for UAV620-1b, the v3 data stream for UAV620-1c, and the y4 data stream for UAV620-1a. Corresponding waveform.

The L/S band signal linked upward in the foreground is captured and M amplified by M receiving (Rx) array elements on each of the four drones 620-1. The M received element signals on each drone are respectively forwarded and FDM demultiplexed. The array element signal of the drone M1a620-1a passes through the first downlink link 450A of the Ku/Ka feeder link 450; the array element signal of the drone M1a620-1b passes through the second downlink of the Ku/Ka feeder link 450 The link 450A; the array element signal of the drone M1a620-1c passes through the third downlink link 450A of the Ku/Ka feeder link 450 and the array element signal of the drone M1a620-1d passes through the Ku/Ka feeder link 450 The fourth downlink link 450A.

These are captured by the four directional antennas 411 of the mobile communication hub 710. The downlink chain meta-signals are conditioned by the RF front-end unit 783 and down-converted by the FDM demultiplexer 782 before being transmitted to the multi-beam receiver (Rx DBF) 781. The FDM demultiplexes to output M baseband signals.

An output of the plurality of outputs of each of the four multi-beam receivers (Rx DBF) 781 should be assigned to a plurality of receive beams having a common beam position 1302 of the user terminal 633. The output of the four multibeam receivers (Rx DBF) 781 aimed at the beam position 1302 is sent to four demodulators 811.

The output of the demodulator 811 is designated as y1", y2", y3", and y4" and is input to the receiving process of the WF division/de-mining processing facility 714. The receiving process primarily includes a WF split division conversion performed by the advanced WF demultiplexer 812.

The WF unwrapping process 812 has a processing program based on one of the 16 parameters of the equation (3) corresponding to the four-to-four Hadamard matrix and the WF unsolving process 842 to reconstruct the three slices. Signal stream: X1', X2' and X3' and a stream of "0" signals. Based on equation (3), Through the Hadamard matrix conversion 814, the demodulated WF muxed segments should be set as follows: y1'(t)=x1'(t)+x2'(t)+x3' (t) +0 (6.1)

Y2'(t)=x1'(t)-x2'(t)+x3'(t)-0 (6.2)

Y3'(t)=x1'(t)+x2'(t)-x3'(t)-0 (6.3)

Y4'(t)=x1'(t)-x2'(t)-x3'(t)+0 (6.4)

The above has 4 linear combination equations but only three unknowns X1', X2', X3. This is built-in redundancy; that is, only three of the four demodulated WF partitions can be used to reconstruct the original three segment streams: X1', X2', and X3'.

To take advantage of the redundancy in the WF override process 864, the advanced WF solution multi-division process 812 may not use a traditional Hadamard matrix. Assume that the third drone becomes unusable. Therefore y3'(t) does not exist in the repurchase process.

Based on equations (6.1) and (6.4), y1'(t)+y4'(t)=2*x1’(t) (6.5a)

Therefore, x1'(t) = 1⁄2 (y1'(t) + y4'(t)) (6.5b)

Based on equations (6.1) and (6.2), y1'(t)-y2'(t)=2*x2'(t) (6.6a)

Therefore, x2'(t) = 1⁄2 (y1'(t)-y2'(t)) (6.6b)

Based on equations (6.2) and (6.4), y2'(t)-y4'(t)=2*x3’(t) (6.7a)

Therefore, x3'(t) = 1⁄2 (y2'(t)-y4'(t)) (6.7b)

This temporary solution is one of the possible solutions for the benefit of 4 to 3 redundancy.

When all four demodulated WF partitions of the WF de-spreading process 824 are available in a four-to-three redundant configuration, there are five different methods for WF unwrapping to re-construct the three points. Segment data stream: X1, X2, and X3. By comparing the five results from all possible data reduction configurations, an advanced WF-solving process 842 similar technique can be used to evaluate four independent transfer paths to determine if the four drones are being polluted. The data, if only one drone is damaged, can even determine which drone is forwarding contaminated data.

A time division multiplexing (TDM) 813 is used to "de-segment" three recovered segmented data streams into three segment streams: X1', X2', and X3'. The reconstructed data stream X' should flow at a data rate of N samples per second.

Figure 8c depicts three different processing and shipping methods through four separate aerial platforms, such as drone 620. There are 12 digital numbers, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12] of the original data set, which will be "delivered" from the communication hub H through three different methods. Was "delivered" to three mobile users 1, 2 and 3. It is assumed that all three mobile users can simultaneously and continuously track four drones 640 using advanced multi-beam terminals.

Method 1: The original data is divided into four subsets, wherein each subset has three numbers as follows: X1(N)=[1, 5, 9], X(N)=[2, 6, 10], X3(N)=[3,7,11] and x4(N)=[4, 8, 12]. These four subsets are uploaded to four drones and delivered to the designated mobile subscriber 1 for multi-beam terminal 1 which requires all four segmented data subsets to restore the original data.

Method 2: The original data is divided into four subsets, each of which has 3 digits, and then the 4 subsets are simultaneously sent to a 4 to 4 WF division of labor to generate 4 new non-redundant The WF division of labor data subset. Each segment has 3 digits with the same result as Method 1. The divided subsets are: x1(N)=[1,5,9], X(N)=[2,6,10], X3(N)=[3,7,11], and X(N) ) = [4, 8, 12]. The subset of the four WF divisions of data: yk(N), where k From 1 to 4 and N from 1 to 3 are generated by a 4-to-4 WF division of division by the division of labor represented by the following matrix operation: y1(N)=x1(N)+x2(N)+x3(N)+ X4(N) (6.8.1)

Y2(N)=x1(N)-x2(N)+x3(N)-x4(N) (6.8.2)

Y3(N)=x1(N)-x2(N)+x3(N)-x4(N) (6.8.3)

Y4(N)=x1(N)-x2(N)-x3(N)+x4(N) (6.8.4)

WF division of data subset: Y1 (N) = [10, 26, 42], Y2 (N) = [-2, -2, -2], Y3 (N) = [-4, -4, -4] And Y4(N)=[0, 0, 0] are respectively uploaded to 4 drones and delivered to the designated mobile user 2 for multi-beam terminal machines requiring all 4 segment data subsets to restore the original data 2.

Method 3: The original data is divided into 3 subsets, each of which has 4 digits, and then the 3 subsets are simultaneously sent to a 4 to 4 WF division of labor to generate 4 new WF divisions of data. Subset. As a result, there is built-in redundancy. Each segment subset has 4 numbers: x1(N)=[1, 4, 7, 10], x2(N)=[2, 5, 8, 11] and x3(N)=[3,6 , 9, 12]. The four WF division of labor data subsets: yk(N), where k is generated from 1 to 3 and N is from 1 to 4 by a 4-to-4 WF division of labor by a division of labor represented by the following matrix operation: y1(N) =x1(N)+x2(N)+x3(N)+0 (6.9.1)

Y2(N)=x1(N)-x2(N)+x3(N)-0 (6.9.2)

Y3(N)=x1(N)-x2(N)+x3(N)-0 (6.9.3)

Y4(N)=x1(N)-x2(N)-x3(N)+0 (6.9.4)

WF division of data subset: Y1 (N) = [5, 15, 24, 33], Y2 (N) = [2, 5, 8, 11], Y3 (N) = [0, 3, 6, 9] And Y4(N)=[-4, -7, -10, -13] are respectively Uploaded to 4 drones and delivered to the designated mobile subscriber 3 multi-beam terminal 3 to restore the original data.

In the subset of 4WF division of labor data, Y1(N)=[5,15,24,33], Y2(N)=[2,5,8,11], Y3(N)=[0,3,6, 9], and Y4(N)=[-4, -7, -10, -13] are uploaded to the 4 drones alone and transmitted to the designated mobile subscriber 3 mobile subscriber of the terminal having the multi-beam terminal 3.

The mobile subscriber 3's multi-beam terminal 3 only needs to regenerate the original data by any three subsets of the four WF division data subsets. This is the feature of establishing redundancy.

Second embodiment

An architecture and method for using WF overlay and demultiplexing between multiple channels of a ground beamforming (GBBF) feeder link to achieve calibration and compensation is presented in this embodiment. The array signal and known diagnostic (probe) signals will be assigned and appended to various multi-dimensional WF vectors. Various multi-dimensional WF vector components will use different transmission channels in the feeder chain.

Figure 9A shows the adaptive equalization/optimization loop of the foreground link calibration on-board prior to WF unwrapping. The output of the WF solution in a part of a drone is a recovery diagnostic signal for optimizing the loop.

Figure 9B shows the adaptive equalization/optimized loop of the foreground link calibration on-board prior to WF unwrapping. The part of the WF unwrapping output of a drone is returned and passed to the ground equipment, which is used to optimize the loop's recovery diagnostic signal.

Figure 9C shows the adaptive equalization/optimization loop of the return link calibration on-board prior to WF unwrapping. The partial WF unwrapping output on the ground is used to recover the diagnostic signal based on the optimized loop.

Figure 9D shows the ground based processing.

9A, 9B, and 9C respectively show a foreground link transmission, which is a WF overlay/disassembly technique for channel balancing of a feeder link between a ground device and a drone. This is not the "coherent power combining" between multiple drones. This is not for data transmission security and redundancy.

This technology will give communication architects more flexibility in utilizing feed links. In this example we will use a 32-to-32 Fourier transform to represent the WF override and solution multiplex function.

Calibration and compensation for ground beamforming (GBBF) processing with constantly moving UAV platforms should include (1) phase and amplitude differences in unbalanced electronic devices on an unmanned aircraft (2), The phase and amplitude differences of unbalanced electronic devices on ground equipment, and (3) the phase and amplitude differences in the efficiency of the Ka/K band in a feeder chain.

The illustration will focus on the dynamic compensation of the feeder chain in the Ku band. We assume that the total available foreground link in the Ku-band vertical polarization (VP) has a feeder link bandwidth of 500 MHz and a horizontal polarization (HP) of the same 500 MHz. This 500 MHz is divided into 16 consecutive frequency bins in the VP, and each frequency bin is a bandwidth of about 31 MHz. Similarly, 500 MHz is also divided into 16 consecutive slots in HP. From a ground facility to a drone, a total of 32 slots are designated as foreground links, and the drone has a foreground link spectrum of approximately 14 GHz. This allows an operator on an on-board to continuously support a Tx array of 30 array elements for ground beamforming (GBBF) operation and continuous complete calibration. The bandwidth of each array element is about 30MHz.

Similarly, we assume that the total available background link in the Ku-band vertical polarization (VP) has a feeder link bandwidth of 500 MHz and is also the same 500 MHz at the level of polarization (HP). This 500 MHz is divided into 16 consecutive frequency bins in the VP, and each frequency bin is a bandwidth of about 31 MHz. Similarly, 500MHz is also divided into 16 consecutive slots in HP. From the drone to a ground, a total of 32 slots are designated as background links, and this ground has a downlink spectrum of approximately 12 GHz. This allows an operator on an on-board to continuously support an Rx array of 30 array elements for ground beamforming (GBBF) operation and continuous complete calibration. The bandwidth of each array element is about 30MHz.

In the examples of Figures 9A, 9B and 9C, we assume that each drone is in 10 L/S band array elements, each element has a bandwidth of 30 MHz and is used via Ground Beamforming (GBBF) for Prospect communication.

It is worth noting that one such feeder link can support three UAVs simultaneously performing ground beamforming (GBBF). It can have multiple feed links from multiple communication hubs to a single drone to perform ground beamforming (GBBF) in parallel using the same 10 L/S band array elements.

Figure 9A is a functional flow diagram of calibration of a feed chain link from a ground handling facility to a drone. On a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) processing device 910 on the ground, a "beam" input signal 915 is transmitted for a remote array of 10 array elements on an unmanned aircraft. Go to a multi-beam Tx DBF processor 751. The output signal from the Tx DBF is 10 parallel processed data streams, which are transmitted by the specified array element 939. The processing signals are respectively represented as array elements (Es1, ..., Es10), which are connected to the top 10 of the 32-to-32 WF overlay 914. Units. The WF wrapper features 32-to-32 Fourier transform and can be packaged in a single-chip or digital-bit board with a software package for digital circuits.

Many input ports or units are not connected. We will "ground" the last four units and enter 埠29 to 32 as the input signal to diagnose the "zero" signal. The 32 output signals are 32 different linear combinations of 10 specified array elements. These outputs are referred to as 12 wavefront elements (wfc) and these outputs are 12 aggregated data streams. The output of the output 埠wfc-1 is the signal stream y1, the signal stream y2 of the output of 埠wfc-2 is output, and so on.

Therefore, the result of the WF override is 32 WF vectors and the 32 wfc output signals between them are mutually orthogonal. Each WF vector has 32 sets of vectors distributed between 32 wfc turns. Each input 埠 (unit) is associated with a unique WF vector. Since Es1 is connected to unit 1, Es1 is "attached" to this first WF vector, or "loaded in WF1".

The first 16 outputs (wfc) 埠 are FDM multiplexed by an IF signal with 500 MHz, and the IF signal is multiplexed by an FDM multiplexer 752. The multiplexed signal frequency is frequency upconverted and power amplified via a radio front end unit 933 before being transmitted by a vertically polarized (VP) directed antenna 411 to a designated unmanned aerial vehicle 620-1a. The amplified signal is radiated by connecting the amplified signal to a VP format of a first input (VP), which is used in the orthogonal mode converter 912 for feeding a certain amount of the antenna 411.

The last 16 outputs (wfc) 埠 are FDM multiplexed by an IF signal with 500 MHz, and the IF signal is multiplexed by an FDM multiplexer 752. The multiplexed signal frequency is frequency upconverted and power amplified via a radio frequency front end unit 963 prior to being radiated by the level-polarized (HP) fixed antenna 931 to the designated drone 620-1a. Amplify the signal through a connection to a first input (HP) An HP format of 埠 radiates the amplified signal, and the second input NMOS is used in the orthogonal mode converter 912 for feeding a certain amount of antenna 411.

On the mobile drone 620-1a platform, plane 930 illustrates a "coherent transponding" process. The high gain tracking antenna 931 picks up the upload signal from a ground processing device 910. The forwarding process 930 simultaneously converts an input signal of the receiving antenna 931 in the Ku band to 10 output signals of 10 elements in the L/S band.

The output signal from the high gain antenna 931 is divided into HP and VP signals via a quadrature analog converter 932; each signal passes through an RF front end unit 933 and a frequency division multiplexing multiplexer 934 for a 500 MHz The signal is multiplexed into 16 channels of signals. Each of these channel signals is at the same bandwidth of approximately 30 MHz. There are a total of 32 channel signals connected to 32 input signals of a 32-32 WF demultiplexer 942 via 32 parallel adaptive equalizers 941.

The 16 channel signals from the quadrature analog converter 932 VP埠 are assigned to the first 16 (wfc) ports of the WF demultiplexer 942, and the 16 channels from the "orthogonal mode converter" 932 HP port. The signal is the last 16 (wfc) of the WF demultiplexer 942.

An optimized loop is established by (1) 32 sets of FIR weights in the adaptive equalizer 941, and (2) the restored diagnostic signal 944 from the four designated outputs of the WF de-embedder 942; ie, units 29 to 32 And (3) using the selected iterative algorithm optimization process 943 in addition to restoring the diagnostic signal and the previously known diagnostic signal, the correlation between the cells in the array element signal (unit 1 to unit 10) and the diagnostic signal. The difference (unit 29 to unit 32) is the important observations for the optimization process 943.

1. y1', y2', y3', ..., and y32' input to the WF demultiplexer 942 are connected to 32 adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filters 941, which are tied to 32 transmission paths. The time, phase and amplitude are equalized.

2. The adaptive filter compensates for the phase difference caused by the "dispersion" in the transfer path (array array element) of the feeder link via the unmanned vehicle 620-1a. This will result in a significant improvement in the torsional waveform due to dispersion; reducing intersymbol interference in a source.

3. A repetitive arithmetic control loop is based on the diagnostic signal 916 for the known injection, ie between the array signal 埠 (unit 1 to unit 10) and the diagnostic signal 埠 (unit 29 to unit 32), and the restored pilot signal 944 The comparison is made and the weighting of the FIR filter 941 is optimized according to a foreground link optimization process 943.

4. The output signal of the WF demultiplexer 942 is 10 units and 4 pilot signals of the desired array signal stream.

5. The optimized loop for optimizing the process 743 using cost minimization criteria includes:

a. Identify the correct observations for the optimized loop, including:

i. The difference between the recovered pilot signal stream and the original signal.

Ii. Correlation of signals originating from the output unit of the WF demultiplexer 742.

b. Generate different cost functions based on various observables:

i. Converting or mapping various observations to different metrics or cost functions must be clearly defined:

* When an observable quantity meets the required performance, the corresponding metric or cost function becomes zero.

* When an observable is only slightly away from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a small positive integer.

* When an observable is far from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a large positive integer.

c. Add up all the cost functions to a total cost, which is a digital indicator of the current state of the optimized loop performance.

i. Stop the optimization loop when the total cost is less than a small positive threshold.

Ii. Otherwise proceed to step d.

d. Deriving the slope of the total cost of the weight of the adaptive equalizer, the weight of the adaptive equalizer is in the form of an FIR filter.

e. Calculating a new weight of the FIR filter according to a fastest descent algorithm to reduce the total cost of the optimized repetitive arithmetic loop.

f. Update the weight of the adaptive equalizer and perform step "b".

In an optimized state, the amplitude and phase responses of the 32 frequency channels at the feeder link should be exactly equal. Thus, the 32 associated WF vectors should be orthogonal to each other between the 32 outputs of the adaptive equalizer 941 and the 32 inputs of the WF de-embedder 942. Therefore, there is no leakage between the output signals of the WF demultiplexer 942; wherein the cross-correlation between the signals (unit 29 to unit 32) and the array signal channel (unit 01 to unit 10) in the diagnostic channel will become zero. .

Therefore, before the recovered array element signals from unit 1 to unit 10 are transmitted by the transmitting array element 939, the signals are up-converted by a frequency up-converter 937 and filtered to the L/S frequency band, and powered by the power amplifier 938. amplification. The 10 radiated signals processed by the DBF 751 at the Ground Beamforming (GBBF) facility 910 will be combined into a spatial power in a far field that exceeds a coverage area 130 for different beam locations designated by different users.

In this scheme, it is assumed that the 10 parallel channels between the radiating element 939 and the post-output signal of the WF de-embedder 942 are completely equalized.

Figure 9B is approximately the same as Figure 9A. Both describe a functional flow chart for the correction of the link from the ground handling facility to a drone to a feeder link. The only difference is in the position of the adaptive equalizer and the optimized loop. In place of the on-board adaptive equalizer, Figure 9B is an optimized loop scheme with a ground adaptive equalizer and a foreground link signal for the feeder chain.

On a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) processing device 910 on the ground, a plurality of "beam" inputs 915 are transmitted to a multi-beam for a remote array of 10 array elements on a drone 620-1a. Tx DBF processor 751. The output 751 from the Tx DBF is 10 parallel processed data streams, which are transmitted as specified by array element 939. These processing signals are represented as array elements (Es1, ..., Es10), respectively, which are connected to the first 10 units of the 32-to-32 WF overlay 914. The WF wrapper features 32-to-32 Fourier transform and can be packaged in a single-chip or digital-bit board with a software package for digital circuits.

Many input ports or units are not connected. We only "ground" the last four units, input 埠29 to 32, as the input signal to diagnose the signal as "zero". The 32 output signals at the WF overlay 914 are 32 different linear combinations of 10 designated array elements. These outputs are called 32 wavefront elements (wfc) and these outputs are 32 aggregated data streams. The output signal of the output 埠wfc-1 is the signal stream y1, the signal stream y2 of the output signal of 埠wfc-2 is output, and so on.

Therefore, the result of the WF override is 32 WF vectors and the 32 wfc output signals between them are mutually orthogonal. Each WF vector has a 32 component amount distributed between 32 wfc埠. Each input 埠 (unit) is associated with a unique WF vector. Since Es1 is connected to unit-1, Es1 is "attached" to this first WF vector, or "loaded in WF1".

The first 16 outputs (wfc) are connected to a first set of 16 parallel adaptive equalizers 941, and the FDM is multiplexed into an intermediate frequency signal having 500 MHz, and the intermediate frequency signal is composed of one The FDM multiplexer is more than 1 752. The adaptive equalizer compensates for the predistortion of the accumulated amplitude and the phase difference of the signals transmitted by the 32 channels selected by the feeder link 450. The multiplexed signal frequency is frequency upconverted and power amplified via a radio front end unit 963 before being transmitted to a drone 620-1a by a vertically polarized (VP) directed antenna 931. The amplified signal is transmitted by connecting the amplified signal to a VP format of a first input (VP), which is used in a "orthogonal mode converter" 912 for feeding a certain amount of antenna 411.

The last 16 outputs (wfc) are connected to a second set of 16 parallel adaptive equalizers 941, and the FDM is multiplexed into an intermediate frequency signal having 500 MHz, and the intermediate frequency signal is composed of one FDM. The machine is more than 2,752. The multiplexed signal frequency is frequency upconverted and power amplified via a radio front end unit 963 before being transmitted to the designated drone 620-1a by a vertically polarized (VP) directed antenna 931. The amplified signal is transmitted by connecting an amplification signal to an HP format of a first input (HP), which is used in a quadrature-mode converter 912 for feeding a certain amount of antenna 411.

On the mobile drone 620-1a platform, plane 930 illustrates a "coherent forwarding" process. The high gain tracking antenna 931 picks up the upload signal from a ground processing facility 910. The forwarding process 930 simultaneously converts an input of the Ku-band receiving antenna 931 to 10 output signals of 10 array elements 939 in the L/S frequency band.

The output signal from the high gain antenna 931 is divided into an HP signal and a VP signal via a quadrature analog converter 932; each signal passes through an RF front end unit 933 and a frequency division multiplexing multiplexer 934 for The 500MHz signal is multiplexed into 16 channels of signals. Each of these channel signals is at the same bandwidth of approximately 30 MHz. Here, a total of 32 channel signals are connected to 32 inputs of a 32-to-32 WF de-split 942.

The 16 channel signals from the VP埠 of the orthogonal to analog converter 932 are assigned to the first 16 (wfc) ports of the WF demultiplexer 942, and the 16 channel signals of the HP ports from the orthogonal mode converter 932. It is the last 16 (wfc) of the WF de-embedder 942.

An optimized loop is established by (1) 32 sets of FIR filter weights in the adaptive equalizer 941, and (2) restoring 4 designated outputs from the on-board WF demultiplexer 942.埠 diagnostic signal 944; that is, unit 29 to unit 32, and (3) using the inverse arithmetic algorithm optimization process 943 selected on the ground, in addition to restoring the diagnostic signal and the previously known diagnostic signal, between the 阵 in the array element signal ( The correlation of unit 1 to unit 10) and the 埠 of the diagnostic signal (unit 29 to unit 32) differs in important observations for the optimization process 943.

1. The input signals y1', y2', y3', ..., and y32' to the carrier WF demultiplexer 942 can be demodulated by 32 ground-based adaptive finite impulse response FIR filters, which are pre-distorted. The technical compensation equalizes time, phase and amplitude in 32 transmission paths.

2. The adaptive filter compensates for the phase difference caused by the "dispersion" in the transfer path (array array element) of the feeder link via the unmanned vehicle 620-1a. This will result in a significant improvement in the torsional waveform due to dispersion; reducing intersymbol interference in a source.

3. The inverse arithmetic control loop optimizes the weight of the FIR filter 941 based on a comparison between the known injected diagnostic signal 916 and the restored pilot signal 944 and according to an effective optimization algorithm in a foreground link optimization process 943.

4. Between the output of the WF demultiplexer 942 is 10 units of the required array signal stream and 4 pilot signals.

5. The recovered pilot signal 944 is passed through a tubular input down to ground-based beamforming (GBBF) facility via an additional input channel to the WF overlay on the carrier. This input channel is used for background chain correction (as shown in the figure). Shown in 9C). As a result, the carrier recovery diagnostic signal 944 at the surface processing device 910 should be a set of contaminated recovery diagnostic signals 945.

6. In the optimization process 943, the optimization loop using the standard of cost minimization includes:

a. Determine the correct observation for the optimized loop, including:

i. The difference between the recovered pilot signal stream and the original signal.

Ii. Correlation of signals originating from the output unit of the WF demultiplexer 942.

b. Generate different cost functions based on various observables:

i. Converting or mapping various observations to different metrics or cost functions must be clearly defined.

When an observable quantity meets the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function becomes zero.

When an observable is only slightly away from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a small positive integer.

When an observable is far from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a large positive integer.

c. Adding all the cost functions to a total cost, which is a digital indicator of the current state of the optimized loop performance: i. Stop the optimization loop when the total cost is less than a small positive threshold; ii. Otherwise continue the steps d.

d. Deriving the slope of the total cost of the weight of the adaptive equalizer, the weight of the adaptive equalizer is in the form of an FIR filter.

e. Calculating a new weight of the FIR filter according to a fastest descent algorithm to reduce the total cost of the optimized repetitive arithmetic loop.

f. Update the weight of the adaptive equalizer and perform step "b".

In an optimized state, the amplitude and phase response of the 32 frequency channels at the feeder link should be completely equalized. Therefore, the 32 associated WF vectors should be orthogonal to each other between the 32 outputs of the adaptive equalizer 941 and the 32 input ports of the WF de-embedder 942. Therefore, there is no leakage between the output turns of the WF de-embedder 942; wherein the cross-correlation between the signals in the diagnostic channel (unit 29 to unit 32) and the array signal channel (unit 01 to unit 10) becomes zero. .

Therefore, from unit 1 to unit 10, before the restored array element signals are radiated by the radiation array element 939, the signals are up-converted by a frequency up-converter 937 and filtered to the L/S frequency band, and are processed by the power amplifier 938. Power amplification. The 10 radiated signals processed by the DBF 751 at the Ground Beamforming (GBBF) device 910 will be combined into a spatial power in a far field that exceeds a coverage area 130 for different beam positions designated for different user signals.

In this scheme, it is assumed that the 10 parallel channel systems between the radiating element 939 and the post output of the WF de-embedder 942 are completely equalized.

Figure 9C is a functional flow diagram of background link calibration from a ground handling facility to a drone to a feeder link. It has additional functionality to support foreground link correction as shown in Figure 9B.

On the mobile UAV 620-1a platform, a set of 10 array elements 968 captures the radiated signals in the L/S band in the coverage area 130. These captured array elements are amplified by a low noise amplifier 969 and individually filtered and frequency converted by frequency converter unit 967. The processing signals are represented as array elements (Es1, ..., Es10), respectively, which are connected to the first 10 slits of the 32-to-32 WF overlay 914. The WF wrapper features 32-to-32 Fourier transform and can be packaged in a single-chip or digital-bit board with a software package for digital circuits. The WF overlay function can also be implemented as a radio frequency Barth matrix or a baseband FFT chip.

Many input ports or units are not connected. We will "ground" the last four units and enter 埠29 to 32 as the input signal to diagnose the "zero" signal. The four inputs 埠 944 from unit 25 to unit 28 are used to relay the diagnostic signals recovered from the foreground link calibration. These are connected by the four outputs 埠 944 (unit 29, unit 30, unit 31, and unit 32) of the WF demultiplexer 942 in Fig. 9B.

The 32 output signals at the WF overlay 914 are 32 different linear combinations of 10 designated array elements. These outputs are called 32 wavefront elements (wfc) and these outputs are 32 aggregated data streams. The output of the output 埠wfc-1 is the signal stream y1, the signal stream y2 of the output of 埠wfc-2 is output, and so on.

Therefore, the result of WF override has 32 WF vectors and 32 wfc (output) 它们 between them are mutually orthogonal. Each WF vector has a component size of 32 components distributed between 32 wfc turns. Each input 埠 (unit) is associated with a unique WF vector. Since Es1 is connected to unit 1, Es1 is "attached" to this first WF vector, or "loaded in WF1".

The first 16 outputs (wfc) are FDM multiplexed into an intermediate frequency signal with 500 MHz. This intermediate frequency signal is multiplexed by an FDM multiplexer in 1964. The multiplexed signal frequency is frequency upconverted and power amplified via a radio front end unit 963 before being transmitted to the designated drone 620-1a by a vertically polarized (VP) directed antenna 931. The amplified signal is radiated by connecting the amplified signal to a first input (VP) ,, and the first input 埠 is used in the orthogonal mode converter 962 for feeding the antenna 931.

The last 16 outputs (wfc) 埠 are FDM multiplexed by an intermediate frequency signal with 500 MHz, and the intermediate frequency signal is multiplexed by an FDM multiplexer 2964. The multiplexed signal frequency is before the processing device 910 that is radiated by the level-polarized (HP) antenna 931 to the ground beamforming (GBBF) Frequency up-conversion and power amplification are performed via an RF front end unit 963. The amplification signal is radiated by connecting an amplification signal to an HP input 第一 of the first input (HP), the second input 埠 being used in the orthogonal mode converter 962 for feeding the antenna 931.

At ground-based beamforming (GBBF) device 910, high gain tracking antenna 931 picks up signals that are loaded down from drone 620-1a. A forwarding process at 910 converts an input of the Ku-band receive antenna 411 into 10 array inputs for the RX DBF processor 781.

The output from the high gain antenna 411 is divided into HP signals and VP signals via a quadrature analog converter 982; each signal passes through an RF front end unit 933 and a frequency division multiplexing multiplexer 934 for a 500 MHz The signal is multiplexed into 16 channels of signals. Each of these channel signals is at the same bandwidth of approximately 30 MHz. There are a total of 32 channel signals, which are connected to 32 inputs of a 32-32 WF demultiplexer 942 via 32 parallel adaptive equalizers 971. The 32 adaptive equalizers are adapted by 32 The FIR filter is implemented. .

The 16 channel signals from the VP埠 of the orthogonal to analog converter 932 are assigned to the first 16 (wfc) ports of the WF demultiplexer 942, and the 16 channel signals from the orthogonal mode converter 932 HP埠 are Go to the last 16 (wfc) of the WF demultiplexer 942.

An optimized loop is established by (1) 32 sets of FIR filter weights in the adaptive equalizer 971, and (2) recovered diagnostic signals 978 from the four designated outputs of the WF demultiplexer 972; 29 to unit 32, and (3) optimize processing 977 with the selected iterative algorithm. In addition to restoring the diagnostic signal and the previously known diagnostic signal, the correlation between the 埠 in the array signal (unit 1 to unit 10) and the 诊断 of the diagnostic signal (unit 29 to unit 32) are different for the optimization process 977 Important observations.

1. The input signals y1', y2', y3', ... and y32' to the WF demultiplexer 972 can be modulated by 32 adaptive FIR filters, which are compensated by the pre-twist technique in 32 The time, phase and amplitude are equalized in the transfer path.

2. The adaptive filter compensates for phase differences caused by "dispersion" in a transfer path (array array element) of a feeder link via a drone 620-1a. This will result in a significant improvement in the torsional waveform due to dispersion; reducing intersymbol interference in a source.

3. A repeated arithmetic control loop is based on a comparison between the known injected diagnostic signal 974 and the recovered pilot signal 978, and based on a foreground link optimization process 977 to optimize the weight of the FIR filter.

4. The output of the WF demultiplexer 972 is 10 units of the desired array signal stream and 4 restored pilot signals for the background chain (slave unit 29 to unit 32).

5. Changes to the foreground link The recovered pilot signal 945 is available at 4 outputs (from cell 25 to unit 28).

6. In the optimization process 943, the optimization loop using the standard of cost minimization includes:

a. Determine the correct observation for the optimized loop, including:

i. The difference between the recovered pilot signal stream and the original signal.

Ii. Correlation of signals originating from the output unit of the WF demultiplexer 942.

b. Generate different cost functions based on various observables:

i. Converting or mapping various observations to different metrics or cost functions must be clearly defined:

When an observable quantity meets the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function becomes zero.

When an observable is only slightly away from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a small positive integer.

When an observable is far from the desired performance, the corresponding metric or cost function is assigned a large positive integer.

c. Adding all the cost functions to a total cost, which is a digital indicator of the current state of the optimized loop performance: i. Stop the optimization loop when the total cost is less than a small positive threshold; ii. Otherwise continue the steps d.

d. Deriving the slope of the total cost of the weight of the adaptive equalizer, the weight of the adaptive equalizer is in the form of an FIR filter.

e. Calculating a new weight of the FIR filter according to a fastest descent algorithm to reduce the total cost of the optimized repetitive arithmetic loop.

f. Update the weight of the adaptive equalizer and perform step "b".

In an optimized state, the amplitude and phase response of the 32 frequency channels in the feeder chain should be completely equalized. Therefore, the 32 associated WF vectors should be orthogonal to each other between the 32 output signals of the adaptive equalizer 971 and the 32 input signals of the WF demultiplexer 972. Therefore, there is no leakage between the output signals of the WF demultiplexer 972; wherein the cross-correlation between the signal in the diagnostic channel (unit 29 through unit 32) and the array signal channel (unit 01 to unit 10) will become zero. .

Therefore, the restored array element signals from unit 1 to unit 10 are transferred to the Rx DBF 785 of the ground beamforming (GBBF) processing device 911.

Third embodiment

This embodiment proposes an implementation architecture and method for dividing the three user signals based on the wavefront override/de-distribution of the communication channels of the four drones. Each user signal of the three user signals passes After the WF division of labor, a unique wavefront (WF) vector is simultaneously propagated through the communication channels of the plurality of drones. Three users are associated with three mutually orthogonal WF vectors. The remaining fourth vector is used to diagnose the signal.

Figure 10a is a signal flow of a first user. The adaptive equalizer loop guarantees the orthogonality between the four recovered WF vectors. Figure 10b is a block diagram of the second user signal, and Figure 10c is a block diagram of the third user signal.

Figures 10a, 10b and 10c depict the function of the wavefront overlay 712 and use four independent communication resources of four drones simultaneously with one wavefront solution processor 742 for three separate users XA, XB and XC.

The three user foreground link signals 1011A, 1011B and 1011C are converted by the 4-to-4 wavefront override 712 before being uploaded to the four separate drones 620-1a, 620-1b, 620-1c and 620-1d. 4 wavefront vectors Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4. The wavefront cover 712 is a 4 to 4 Hadamard matrix. Therefore, there are four output signals from the four front outputs of the wavefront converter, namely: y1(t)=0+Xa(t)+xb(t)+xc(t) (7.1)

Y2(t)=0-Xa(t)+xb(t)-xc(t) (7.2)

Y3(t)=0+Xa(t)-xb(t)-xc(t) (7.3)

Y4(t)=0-Xa(t)-xb(t)+xc(t) (7.4)

The A1 piece is grounded, and the A2, A3 and A4 pieces are connected to the signals Xa, Xb and Xc, respectively. Each input signal flows through all four drones simultaneously. This includes the four input signals input to the "zero" signal of A1 riding over the four mutually orthogonal wavefront vectors at the output of the wavefront 712, ie the 0 signal connected to the A1 slice is related to WFV1= [1,1,1,1] ^T , the Xa(t) signal connected to the A2 slice is related to WFV2=[1,-1,1,-1] ^T , and the Xb(t) signal connected to the A3 slice is The Xc(t) signal associated with WFV3=[1,1,-1,-1] ^T , and connected to the A4 slice is related to WFV4=[1,-1,1,-1] ^T .

The four parallel paths on the receiver will use different amplitude attenuation/amplification and phase delay, due to the path length difference between the four UAV platforms and the unbalanced electronics, even at the same carrier frequency. .

4 input 4 inputs to the 4 parallel adaptive equalizers 741 on the user terminal used by the first user have: z1(t)=am1a*exp(jkΔz1a)*y1(t), (8 -1) Z2(t)=am2a*exp(j kΔz2a)*y2(t), (8-2) Z3(t)=am3a*exp(j kΔz3a)*y3(t), (8-3) Z4(t)=am4a*exp(j kΔz4a)*y4(t), (8-4) The adaptive equalizer compensates for the amplitude and phase differences of the four propagation paths. The output of the adaptive equalizer is connected to the input of the 4 to 4 wavefront cancellation 742. The four wavefront vectors should be deformed and no longer orthogonal to one another, so the signals of A2, A3 and A4埠 will leak out at output A1 and the diagnostics will no longer have a "zero" signal.

An optimized loop will use leakage power 744 as one of the observed factors. An optimization processor converts multiple observations into quantitative metrics or cost functions, which are always defined in the forward direction. The total cost, the sum of all cost functions, and the gradient of the total cost can be obtained and measured. New weights based on the steepest descent method can be calculated and updated, and the adaptive equalizer is updated in a repetitive operation via a cost minimization algorithm.

In the optimal state, the four transfer paths must be fully compensated so that the insertion phase and amplitude of the adaptive equalizer must meet the following requirements: am1a*exp(jkΔz1a)*[a1*exp(j Φ1)]= Am2a*exp(jkΔz2a)*[a2*exp(j Φ2)]=am3a*exp(jkΔz3a)*[a3*exp(j Φ3)]=am4a*exp(jkΔz4a)*[a4* Exp(j Φ4)]=constant (9)

As a result, the associated wavefront vectors that are equalized by the adaptive equalizer will again be orthogonal. Therefore, the signal of the output 埠A2, A3 and A4 at the wavefront cancellation 742 is no longer leaked at the output 埠A1.

The signal stream Xa is replied to on A2 1041A and is connected to a receiver assigned to the first user.

Figures 10b and 10c depict the same uplink link, but differ from the second user and the third user in the same beam position as the first user. The second user's output signal Xb is output by the wavefront cancellation 742 output 埠A3, and the third user's output signal Xc is output by the wavefront cancellation 742 output 埠A4.

Fourth embodiment

This embodiment shows an architecture and method for implementing a drone based communication using a reverse antenna and ground beamforming (GBBF). The following solutions will all be followed: 1. Figure 11 shows the analog of the reverse antenna for the feeder link load on the carrier, 2. Figure 12 shows the ground beamforming (GBBF) but no reverse antenna, 3. Figure 12A has a ground beamforming (GBBF) and a reverse antenna, 4. Fig. 12B has a reverse antenna but no ground beamforming (GBBF).

Figure 11 shows the Ku-band reverse antenna array on an unmanned aircraft. The U-band Ku-band array 1100 is used to transfer all signals from the L/S or C-band array when the feeder link antennas are used to transfer back and forth. From the meta channel to a gateway, a simple ground beamforming (GBBF) process will perform the Tx and Rx array functions. The Ku-band "smart" array will be equipped with a reverse antenna by on-board similar beamformer (BFN) 1121 and beam controller 1140 technology.

In a data link linking from a drone to a ground processing center, the four array elements 1100 have an analog beamforming and switching mechanism to achieve a 6 dB advantage over an omnidirectional antenna. The smart array 1100 is a four-narrow design array element 1132 comprising two conventional analog multi-beam beamforming networks (BFNs) using Butler Matrix (BMs); one is RX 1121 and the other is Tx 1111 . However, the reverse antenna for the logistics channel may be an array of 8, 16 or more array elements depending on the distance of the drone from the ground processing center.

The four array elements 1100 have four Rx beams. Before a receiver (Rx) BM 1121, the duplexer 1131 is successively amplified by the low noise amplifier 1123 and the BPF, and the signals are received by the 4 array elements 1132. The Rx BM 1121 will form 4 orthogonal beams to point in 4 separate directions to cover all fields of view (FOV) of interest. The beamwidth of any beam is 1/2 of the viewing angle (1/4 of the stereo angle), and the four orthogonal beams will cover the entire field of view. And the peak of any one beam is always the null of all the other three beams. The ground processing center will always be covered by one of the 4 beams. When 4 elements are on a square network and adjacent elements have a distance of λ/2, and assuming all 4 elements are λ/2 square elements, the 3 dB beamwidth from the array of 4 elements will be Approximately 60 degrees is formed near the side of the hole.

The Rx BM 1121 has four output signals; each of the output signals is associated with one of four beam positions. There are two parallel switch trees (ST) 1122 connected to the RX BM described in Rx, One is for the primary signal path 802 and the other is for the diagnostic beam 1144 that is connected to the diagnostic circuit 1140. The switching tree 1122 and associated diagnostic beam 1144 will be continuously switched between four beam positions. Diagnostic circuit 1140 will determine the characteristics of the desired signal by the power level of a frequency channel, special code, waveform, or other feature. When the drone is at the base, once the beam position for the ground processing is specified according to the reverse antenna algorithm 1141 and the updated beam position 1143, the beam controller 1142 will dynamically route the main signal path to a new beam position 1143. Update ST.

The functional block described is a reverse antenna array of 4 elements in the Ku/Ka band 1100. The array elements 1132 can have a narrow design and a near shape design. The Rx multi-beamforming process is through a pair of switch matrices (ST) 1122 behind a 2-dimensional Butler Matrix (BM) 1121. The first is connected to the main signal path of interface 1102 via a buffer amplifier 1102a. The first two STs 1122 are controlled by a beam controller 1142 that determines which beam position to switch to to receive the pre-link chain element signal transmitted by the ground beamforming (GBBF) facility 412. Similarly, in the Ku/Ka band Tx load of the background link, the foreground communication load 1210 is required to forward an FDM multiplex and frequency up-converted array element signal to the interface 1101, which is a public safety band receiving component. Signal (such as .700MHz or 4.9GHz). The FDM multiplex signal will pass through an ST 1112 and a BM 1111. The four outputs are suitably phased by the BM 1111, amplified by the power amplifier 1113, and then radiated by the narrow design element 1132. Since the transmission of the phase difference is canceled during the transmission of the individual array elements in the previous stage of the BM 1111, the radiation signals at the specified beam position at the far place should be spatially consecutively combined.

The current "beam position" decision is derived from the second of the two STs 1122 and is also controlled by the beam controller 1142. This second ST system is constantly switching or rotating in the possible beam positions and diagnostic beam outputs. The data collected from the second ST will be used on the carrier The processor 1140, wherein the recorded data is used to determine which beam locations are currently associated with the strongest signal level of the desired signal, the desired signals being defined by their unique characteristics. The beam controller will then be used to inform Tx ST 1112 and ST (the first two Rx STs 112) for the Rx main signal for the beam position of the current reverse antenna.

When the array elements are separated by a distance λ, the four output signals obtained from a BM 1121 will be four finger beams; each output will have multiple peaks (or grading lobes).

In Tx, the configuration is the same except for the signal flow in the opposite direction. The beam controller will also control the ST 1112 for the Tx BM 1111.

In Fig. 12, the simplified block diagram 1200 is for communication between a communication load of a drone and a mobile phone user in a coverage area, wherein the communication is in the frequency band of a normal mobile phone. There are five main functional blocks; the top left and clockwise directions are: (1) the foreground link transmitter (Tx) load 1220 is in the L/S band of the foreground communication, and (2) the foreground chain The load 1240 of the junction receiver (Rx) is on the Ku/Ka band of the feeder link communication, (3) the ground processing facility 410 includes the ground beamforming process 412, and (4) the load of the background link transmitter (Tx) 1110 It is on the Ku/Ka band of the feeder link communication, and (5) the load 1210 of the return link receiver (Rx) is in the L/S band of the foreground communication.

The load 1220 of the foreground link transmitter (Tx) of the first main functional block in the upper right corner is on the L/S band of the foreground communication; the signal flow is from right to left. The foreground link signal 1102 is appropriately labeled as "array signal" by the on-carry Ku array 1240, and is processed by a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) for 4 Tx array elements 1222 in the L/S band. . The foreground link signal 1102 from the logistics channel is subjected to frequency division multiplexing multiplex multiplex 1225, down frequency conversion, filtering, and amplification 1224 before being radiated by the four sub-arrays D1, D2, D3, and D41222. There is no beamforming process for the carrier in the L/S band.

The second major functional block in the middle of the top panel is the feeder link communication foreground link receiver (Rx) load 1240 in the Ku band. The four array elements on the carrier on Ku are programmed to drive the receive beam directed to the ground processing center 410. The Ku Rx beamforming network (BFN) 1241 can be implemented by a 4 to 4 Butler matrix and a 4-to-1 switch or equivalent.

A functional flow diagram of a ground processing device 410 including a ground beamforming (GBBF) device 412 and a gateway 418 connected to the terrestrial network is depicted in the right panel. In a foreground link, traffic entering from the terrestrial IP network 418 will pass through a number of transmission functions, including demodulation to a specified beam signal. Before the frequency up-conversion and power amplification by the Ku Tx front end 411T, the demodulated beam signal is transmitted through a multi-beam transmit digital beamforming transmitter (Tx DBF) and then transmitted by the Ku transmit antenna (not shown).

In a background link, the signal is captured by the Ku transmit antenna (not shown) and the signal is adjusted by the low noise amplifier and filtered by the Ku Tx front end 411R and the frequency is downloaded and replaced, and then the signal is sent to one more Beam Rx digital beamforming (Rx DBF) converts the array signal into a beam signal. These recovered beam signals will undergo a number of receiving functions, including demodulation of the specified beam signal, where this signal may be the output flow through the designated gateway 418 to the terrestrial IP network.

The fourth major functional block in the middle bottom panel is the Return Link Transmitter (Tx) load 1230 for feeder link communication in the Ku band. The four array elements on the carrier in the Ku band are programmed to drive the receive beam directed to the ground processing center 410. The Ku beamformer (BFN) 1231 can be implemented by a 4-to-1 Butler matrix and a 4-to-4 switch or equivalent circuit.

Feeder link antennas 1240 and 1230 on the carrier are conventional "program driven" rather than "reverse antennas".

The fifth functional block is the load 1210 of the foreground communication in a background link L/S band. There are four receiving elements D1, D2, D3 and D41212; each of which is connected by a low noise amplifier, a BFP, and an up converter 1211 to the Ku band. There is no beamforming process for the antenna at the frequency of the handset. The four received signals are upconverted from four Rx sub-array FDM multiplex 1215 to a single stream 1101, which is then amplified and transmitted to a ground device 4 via a 4-element Ku array 1230. The Ku Tx beamformer (BFN) 1231 can be implemented by a 1 to 4 switch and a 4 to 4 Tx Butler Matrix (BM). The four individual output signals at the Tx BM will be connected to an active array element.

In Figure 12A, the simplified block diagram is for communication between a communication load of a drone and a rescue team member in the 4.9 GHz emergency band. It is almost identical to Figure 12 except:

1. The operation of the foreground communication is in the public safety band; for example, 700 MHz or 4.9 GHz in the United States.

2. The Ku/Ka feeder chain on the carrier is driven through the reverse antenna array 1100 in place of the commands to drive the arrays 1230 and 1240:

i. The interface at 1102 is used for foreground links, and the interface at 1101 is used for return links.

Ii. Figure 11 discloses a detailed reverse antenna array.

3. The ground treatment is the same as 410 in Figure 12.

There are three main functional blocks; the clockwise direction from the upper left corner is: 1. The load 1220 of the foreground link transmitter (Tx) is in the public safety band of the foreground communication, 2. The feeder chain load 1100: i. The load 1240 of the foreground link receiver (Rx) is on the Ku/Ka band of the feeder link communication, and Ii. The background link transmitter (Tx) load 1110 is on the Ku/Ka band of the feeder link communication, and 3. The return link receiver (Rx) load 1210 is on the L/S band of the foreground communication.

The load 1220 of the foreground link transmitter (Tx) of the first main functional block in the upper right corner is on the L/S band of the foreground communication; the signal flow is from right to left. The foreground link signal 1102 is appropriately labeled as "array signal" by the on-board Ku array 1100, and is processed by a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) for four Tx elements 1222 in the L/S band. The foreground link signal 1102 from the logistics channel is subjected to frequency division multiplexing multiplex multiplex 1225, down frequency conversion, filtering, and amplification 1224 processing before being radiated by the four sub-arrays D1, D2, D3, and D41222. There is no beamforming process for the carrier in all public safety bands here.

The second functional block described on the right is a four-element reverse antenna array in the Ku/Ka band 1100. The array elements 1132 can have a narrow design and a near shape design. The Rx multi-beamforming process is through a pair of switch matrices (ST) 1122 behind a 2-dimensional Butler Matrix (BM) 1121. The first is connected to the main signal path of interface 1102 via a buffer amplifier 1102a. The first two STs 1122 are controlled by a beam controller 1142 that determines which beam position to switch to to receive the pre-link chain element signal transmitted by the ground beamforming (GBBF) facility 412. Similarly, in the Ku/Ka band Tx load of the background link, the foreground communication load 1210 is required to forward an FDM multiplex and frequency up-converted array element signal to the interface 1101, which is a public safety band receiving component. The FDM multiplex signal (such as 700MHz or 4.9GHz) will pass through an ST 1112 and a BM 1111. The four output signals are suitably phased by the BM 1111, amplified by the power amplifier 1113, and then radiated by the narrow design element 1132. Due to the individual stage in the pre-stage of BM 1111 The transmission of the phase difference is canceled during the transmission of the signal, and the radiation signals at the specified beam position at the far place should be spatially consecutively combined.

The current "beam position" can be determined based on the information derived from the second of the two STs 1122, which is also controlled by the beam controller 1142. This second ST system is constantly switching or rotating in the possible beam positions and diagnostic beam outputs. The data to be collected from the second ST will be used by the processor 1140 on the carrier, wherein the recorded data is used to determine which beam position is currently associated with the strongest signal level of the desired signal. Their unique characteristics are defined. The beam controller will then be used to inform Tx ST 1112 and ST (the first two Rx STs 112) for the Rx main signal for the beam position of the current reverse antenna.

The third function block is the load 1210 of the foreground communication in a return link in the public safety band. There are four receiving elements D1, D2, D3 and D41212; each of which is connected to the Ku band by a low noise amplifier, a BFP and an up converter 1211. There is no beamforming process for the antenna at the frequency of the handset. The four received signals are upconverted from four Rx sub-array FDM multiplex 1215 to a single stream 1101, which is then amplified and transmitted via a 4-element reverse (Retrodirectivc) Ku/Ka array 1100. A ground device 4.

Figure 12B is a simplified block diagram of communication between a communication load of a drone and a rescue team member in the 4.9 GHz emergency band. Beamforming on this carrier is almost identical to Figure 12A except:

1. A carrier multi-beam Tx beamformer (BFN) 1225B replaces a frequency division multiplexing multiplexer 1225 in the foreground communication in the public safety band.

2. A carrier's multi-beam Rx beamformer (BFN) 1215B replaces an FDM demultiplexer with foreground communications in the public safety band.

This embodiment shows an architecture and method for realizing UAV basic communication using WF overlay demultiplexing using reverse antenna, ground beamforming (GBBF), and feeder chain equalizer. The equalizer includes correction and compensation for traversing multiple paths for signal propagation caused by different phases and amplitudes. The following options will be followed;

1. With the ground beamforming (GBBF), the reverse antenna, and the equalization/optimization loop of the adaptive foreground link on the carrier before the wavefront uncapper in Figure 13A.

2. Correlated ground processing as shown in Figure 13B.

3. With the ground beamforming (GBBF), the reverse antenna, and the equalization/optimization loop of the ground adaptive foreground link in front of the wavefront uncasser in Figure 14A.

4. Correlated ground processing as shown in Figure 14B.

5. A plurality of DBFs at the surface treatment facility as shown in FIG.

Figure 13A is a simplified block diagram of communication between a communication load and a rescue team member in an emergency band of 4.9 GHz for a drone. This is Ground Beamforming (GBBF), the functional blocks of which are the same as those described in Figure 12, except that the WF overlay/uncoating technique is used for correction and compensation of feeder links.

There are three main functional blocks; the clockwise direction from the upper left corner is: 1. The load of the foreground link transmitter (Tx) on the public safety band for foreground communication 1320, 2. The feeder chain load 1100 :i. Load of the forward link receiver (Rx) on the Ku/Ka band for feeder link communication, and ii. Background link transmitter for the Ku/Ka band for feeder link communication (Tx The load, and 3. The load 1310 of the return link receiver (Rx) on the public safety band for foreground communications.

The load 1320 of the foreground link transmitter (Tx) of the first major functional block in the upper right corner is on the public safety band, for example, for foreground communication; the signal flow is from right to left. Place The foreground link element signal 1102 is appropriately labeled as "array signal" by the on-board Ku array 1100, and is processed by a GBBF for four Tx array elements 1222 in a public safety band. The foreground link signal 1102 has been wavefronted with the diagnostic signal in a GBBN device and linked to a drone through the logistics channel foreground. The received array element signal is FDM demultiplexing 1225 to restore the WF overlay signal. The WF overlay signal is processed by a set of adaptive equalizers 1324A before being connected to a WF demultiplexer 1324dx. Many of the output signals of the WF de-embedder 1324dx are subjected to frequency down-conversion, filtering, and amplification 1224 processing before being radiated by the four sub-arrays D1, D2, D3, and D4. There is no beamforming process for the carrier in all public safety bands here. The output signal 1326 of some of the WF de-spreaders 1324dx is restored to a diagnostic signal 1326, which is mapped by the diagnostic processor 1325 to a separately defined and aggressive cost function. The total cost is the sum of all cost functions and is used for a repetitive operation optimization process, which estimates a set of new weights for the adaptive equalizer 1324A at each iteration operation based on a least cost algorithm. . When the current optimization of the total cost is fully equalized, it will be less than a small positive threshold.

The second functional block described on the right is an inverted antenna array of 4 elements in the Ku/Ka band 1100.

The third functional block is the load 1310 of the foreground communication in a return link in the public safety band. There are four receiving elements D1, D2, D3 and D41212; each of which is connected to the Ku band by a low noise amplifier, a BFP and an up converter 1211. There is no beamforming process for public safety frequencies. The four receive array signals that are amplified and frequency upconverted to a common IF band are coupled to a multi-input unit of a WF adder 1314. Several probe signals 1316 are connected to the remaining units of the plurality of WF overlays 1314 for use as diagnostic signals. The output chirp or wavefront element (wfc) is connected to one of the outputs having the multiplexed individual stream signal 1101, FDM multiplexing The device 1215 performs transmission and power amplification via a 4-element reverse antenna Ku/Ka array 1100 to a ground device 1310, as shown in FIG. 13B.

In the foreground communication, the link Tx load and the associated background link Rx load may be in the L/S band mobile communication band, the 2.4 GHz ISM band, or other bands.

Figure 13B shows a functional flow diagram of a ground processing device 1310 that includes:

1. Receive processing block; a. Ku receiver (Rx) front end 411R, b. WF decapper 1314dx and associated adaptive equalizer 1314a, i. has a diagnostic unit 1315 and an optimization processor 1313 An inverse operation optimizes the loop, ii. the balance of the feeder links in the direction of the return link, c. Rx DBF 781, d. Other Rx functions include a gateway function 782 facing the ground network 418 WF.

2. Transfer processing block; a. Other transfer (Tx) functions include gateway function 752 facing ground network 418WF, b. Tx DBF 751, c. WF overlay 1324x, and d. Ku band transmitter (Tx ) Front end 411T.

Figure 14A is a simplified block diagram of communication between a communication load of a drone and a rescue team member in the 4.9 GHz emergency band. This is Ground Beamforming (GBBF), the functional blocks of which are the same as described in Figure 13A, except that the adaptive equalization of the WF Detacher 1324dx is used to perform a pre-compensation scheme on the ground.

There are three main functional blocks here; in the clockwise direction from the upper left corner: 1. The load 1420 of the foreground link transmitter (Tx) is in the public safety band of the foreground communication, 2. The feeder chain load is 1100, Iii. Load of the forward link receiver (Rx) on the Ku/Ka band for feeder link communication, and iv. Background link transmitter (Tx) for the Ku/Ka band for feeder link communication The load, and 3. the load 1410 of the return link receiver (Rx) on the public safety band for foreground communications.

The load 1420 of the foreground link transmitter (Tx) of the first major functional block in the upper right corner is on the public safety band, for example, for foreground communication; the signal flow is from right to left. The foreground link element signal 1102 is appropriately labeled as "array signal" by the on-board Ku array 1100, and is subjected to a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) for four Tx array elements 1222 in a public safety band. Process it. The foreground link signal 1102 has been wavefronted with the diagnostic signal in a GBBN device and linked to a drone through the logistics channel (in the feeder link). The received array element signal is an FDM demultiplexing 1225 to restore the WF overlay signal, and the WF overlay signal is coupled to the WF demultiplexer 1324dx. Many of the outputs of WF de-embedder 1324dx are subjected to frequency down-conversion, filtering, and amplification 1224 processing before being radiated by four Tx array elements (or sub-arrays) D1, D2, D3, and D4. There is no beamforming process for the carrier in all public safety bands here.

The output 1326 of some WF de-spreaders 1324dx is restored to a diagnostic signal 1326, which is mapped by the diagnostic processor 1325 to a separately defined and aggressive cost function. The processed diagnostic signal and/or derived cost function will be additionally transposed via a WF overlay 1314. The incoming unit 1316 is passed back to the ground processing device, wherein the input unit 1316 is used for background link correction and device WF overlay 1314.

The total cost is the sum of all cost functions and is used in a repetitive operation optimization process 1323 (here the processing device) to estimate a new set of weights for the adaptive equalizer 1324A at each iteration. The inverse operation optimization process is based on a cost minimum algorithm. When the current optimization of the total cost is fully equalized, it will be less than a small positive threshold.

The second functional block described on the right is a four-element reverse antenna array in the Ku/Ka band 1100.

The third functional block is the load 1410 of the foreground communication in a return link in the public safety band. There are four receiving elements D1, D2, D3 and D41212; each of which is connected by a low noise amplifier, a BFP, and an up converter 1211 to a common IF or Ku band. There is no carrier beamforming processor for antenna array element 1212 at public safety frequencies. The four receive array signals amplified and frequency upconverted to a common IF band are coupled to a multi-input unit of a WF adder 1314. A small number of detection signals 1316 are connected to the remaining units of the plurality of WF overlays 1314 for use as diagnostic signals. The output chirp or wavefront element (wfc) is connected to one of the FDM multiplexers 1215 having an output of the multiplexed individual stream signal 1101, which is powered by a 4-element reverse antenna Ku/Ka array 1100. It is amplified and transmitted to a ground device 1310 as shown in Fig. 14B. The diagnostic signal 1316 will contain information (derived data and/or received diagnostic waveform 1326) of the link device prior to the feeder link.

In the foreground communication, the link Tx load and the associated background link Rx load may be in the L/S band mobile communication band, the 2.4 GHz ISM band, or other bands.

Figure 14B shows a functional flow diagram of a ground processing device 1310 that includes: 1. a plurality of receive processing blocks; i. Ku receiver (Rx) front end 411R, ii. WF decapper 1314dx and associated adaptive equalizer 1314a: a. having a diagnostic unit 1315 and an optimization processor A repetitive operation optimization loop of 1313, b. equalization of the feeder chain in the return chain direction, iii. Rx DBF 781, and iv. Other Rx functions include a gateway function 782 facing the terrestrial network 418; And 2. a plurality of transport processing blocks; i. other transport (Tx) functions include a gateway function 752 facing the terrestrial network 418, ii. Tx DBF 751, iii. WF overlay 1324x, a. in an unmanned aerial vehicle An on-board optimization operation loop for a remote diagnostic Tx unit 1325, which is transmitted on the carrier via 1315 and an optimization processor, b. Adaptability to the feeder chain in the foreground link direction, etc. The chemist 1324a, and the iv. Ku band transmitter (Tx) front end 411T.

Figure 15 shows an Rx DBF process 781 and a Tx DBF process in a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) device. The baseband generation element signal 78105 recovered at the Ku Rx front end 411R is converted into a digital format by a plurality of analog digital converters (A/Ds) 78101 and copied into N sets; each Rx beam has a unique beam weight. Vector (BWV) 78106. Each array element is weighted by a complex multiplier 78102 via the complex component of BWV 78106. The received array element signal is converted to a drone by a weighted sum of an adder or combiner 78103. One of the N beam outputs 78104 of the instantaneous Rx beam specified by the BWV and the existing array geometry. This N beam output 78104 is then sent to subsequent receiver processing 782, such as channelization, synchronization, and demodulation prior to transmission by the user via the public network 418 to the destination.

This signal stream is reversible for Tx DBF processing 751. Signals from different sources are demodulated, multiplexed, grouped into multiple beam signals 752, and the position of the beam to be forwarded is specified by the foreground communication Tx array 1222 in a drone. Each beam signal is copied into M copies or divided by 1 to M dividers 75103, and each beam signal is weighted by m elements of BWV 75106, respectively. This weight is performed by M complex multipliers 75102. There are N sets of m weighted array element signals for N Tx beams. The last set of m-array signals is used as the sum of the N sets of individual weighted M-array signals. Before the frequency up-conversion and power amplification by the Ku Tx front end, the m-array signal is reconverted to D/As 75101 by D/As 75101. Analog format.

Figure 16 illustrates the difference from Figure 1. It depicts the use of three separate drones as a mobile platform for emergency and disaster assistance, the drone platform M1 as a member of the rescue team, and the UAV M2 as an alternative to emergency mobile devices and/or fixed wireless base stations. To replace existing mobile phones and / or personal communication devices using the wifi protocol. The M3 of the third UAV platform is instantly imaged and monitored via a passive radio frequency sensor that includes dual static radar satellites using radio frequency radiation as a source of radio frequency illumination.

All three platforms are connected via a feeder link of the Ku and/or Ka-band spectrum to a ground station communication hub 110, which serves as a gateway for obtaining a terrestrial network 101. Therefore, when the rescue work is in a coverage area 130, the live image can be accessed through the ground communication hub 110 and the rescue team members can communicate with the dispatch center. a wireless temporary network communication will also Provided to residents in the disaster/emergency recovery area 130 to enable residents to communicate with external, rescue teams, and/or disaster/emergency recovery departments via personal devices.

The feeder links of the three platforms M1, M2 and M4 are all the same Ku and / or Ka band, the difference is the load of the three (P / L), the load on the first drone platform M1 can be in the rescue team A network of public safety spectrum communication is initiated between the members. The load on the second drone platform M2 can restore the mobile phone and/or fixed wireless communication of the resident in the L/S band, and the load on the third drone platform M3. It is a radio frequency image detector for real-time monitoring.

Three independent techniques are discussed below, (1) reverse antenna array technology, (2) ground beamforming techniques, and (3) wavefront overlay techniques and wavefront cancellation techniques (WF muxing/demuxing) feeder links. The reply command chain is to enable the load of the UAV platform on the feeder link to communicate more efficiently with the designated ground station communication hub, to use less power, and to reach the ground from a greater distance. Communication hubs and/or generate more capacity.

The RF load can have a passive sensor, such as an RF radiometer or a dual-base radar receiver; both have a ground-based beamforming (GBBF) technique or a far-end beamforming (RBF) technology architecture that uses a smaller SW&P load to Support and complete the basic communication for designing the drone platform. A plurality of tracking beams from a radar receiver array will be formed by a Ground Beamforming (GBBF) device at the mobile communication hub 110 (not shown, but similar to 1412 in Figure 4). A dynamic diagnostic beam from the drone M4 can be used to assist the mission.

For the function of the dual-base radar receiver, the drone M4 will be equipped with the ability to extract radio frequency radiation from a satellite 140 through a direct path 141, as well as extracting those reflected by the earth's surface and passing through the reflective path 142 on the surface of the earth or Objects near the surface of the earth. Radius from direct path 141 The correlation between the shot and the reflection path provides discriminative information about the reflective surface of the object near or on the surface of the Earth. Therefore, an image of the radio frequency reflective surface can be derived.

Many M4s can be deployed simultaneously. For various dual base radar applications, there are many options for RF radiation from satellites, such as satellite 140. Our globally-covered UAV M4 can select RF radiation in the L-band from GNSS satellites in Earth Orbit (MEO) or Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO). Radiation from the L/S band of low earth orbit (LEO) communications satellites should be considered a candidate. The powerful Ku-band radiation system is derived from many television broadcast satellite radios or S-band satellite digital audio radios (SDARS), which are satellites from geosynchronous or oblique orbits for terrestrial or near-terrestrial coverage. . The Ka-band spot beam is close to the vicinity of the equator covered by the MEO/GEO satellite, the C-band is close to the global coverage from GEO satellites, and the UHF global coverage and Ku-band regions cover special tasks that can be used simultaneously in multiple spectrums to use various types of radiation. The spectrum from different satellites is reflected from the same image coverage. These techniques are based on the correlation between the signals from the two paths. The direct path signal is referenced as "radar illumination" and the reflected radiation is the radar echo from the target area or objects near the surface of the earth.

A plurality of received signals from the array elements of the array on the drone M4 will be transmitted to the ground beam forming (GBBF) device through the logistics channel in the feeder link. In many applications of feeder link correction logistics channels, wavefront over-application and de-spreading techniques will be applied to drone M4 to initiate a simple and cost-effective ground beamforming (GBBF).

The illustration is used here to depict the architecture of Ground Beamforming (GBBF). However, a similar RBF architecture will be directed to a reconfigurable, fixed, and/or all of the above combinations on a mobile platform to perform remote beamforming functions.

The characteristics of the on-board communication load are emphasized as follows;

a. The reverse antenna of the Ku feeder chain: The Ku-band array of the drone is used to transfer all signals from the L/S or C-band array channel to a gateway when the feeder chain antenna is turned back and forth, one of which is a simple foundation. Beamforming (GBBF) processing will perform Tx and Rx array functions, including beamforming, beam steering, beam shaping, null steering, and/or zero spreading of multiple parallel beams. The Ku-band "smart" array will be equipped with a reverse antenna by on-board similar beamformer (BFN) and beam controller technology. For a two-dimensional array of four elements having a pitch of 0.5 wavelengths, the width of the 3 dB beam is less than 50 degrees.

b. Far End Beamforming Network (RBFN) or Ground Beamforming (GBBF).

c. Digital beamforming will be implemented by FPGA-based beamforming (GBBF) processors using FPGAs and PCs. This processor will perform far-area beamforming on the unon-board front view array. A single gateway will support multiple drones; for the rescue team, at least one communication network is at 4.9 GHz; another organization in the disaster area uses the existing handset frequency band. For local organizations, the UAV acts on the commercial handset frequency band and replaces the mobile phone signal tower that may have been damaged.

d. Wavefront Override/Unwrapping (WF Override/Unwrapping): WF Override/Unwrapping uses two independent features; (1) Orthogonality between WF vectors; and (2) Redundancy Residual and signal security. The first feature is used to (a) for far-end beamforming network (RBFN)/ground beamforming (GBBF), after channel link transmission, and (b) coherent power from combining various drones The second feature of the signal receiver of the different channels is used to (c) transmit redundant transmissions through the drone.

In addition, in most of our examples, in the frequency domain, multiple communication channels such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM) channels and/or channels of the same frequency (space division multiplexing) on various platforms have been represented. . WF override / De-solving can be accomplished using conventional multiplex channels such as parallel channels, such as TDM, CDM, or a combination of all of the above.

e. Continuous correction capability for ground-based beamforming (GBBF): The ground processor must have geometric "existing knowledge", location, and orientation of the array on the airborne carrier. In view of this, an instant continuous correction function is used to compensate for changes in transmission, dynamic array geometry, unbalanced electronic channels, and/or aging electronic effects. The correction includes an instant optimization process to obtain time delay adjustments, amplitudes, and phases between the sub-arrays of the modified and adjusted beam weight vectors (BWVs). They are highly dependent on the array geometry.

f. Cross-correlation Techniques These techniques help to correct the balance of multiple signal paths for various beam positions in an efficient manner. For continuous correction of discrete dynamic arrays, accurate information on slowly changing sub-array position and orientation can be significantly relaxed.

101‧‧‧ terrestrial network

110‧‧‧Ground communication hub

120‧‧‧ drone

130‧‧‧ Coverage Area/Disaster/Emergency Recovery Area

210‧‧‧L/S band forward link load (P/L)

211‧‧‧Multibeam antenna

212‧‧‧ Beam Signal

213‧‧‧Duplexer

214‧‧‧L/S band low noise amplifier

215‧‧‧Power Amplifier

217‧‧‧Multibeam antenna

220‧‧‧Inverter unit

230‧‧‧ feeder chain load

231‧‧‧Multi-unit

232‧‧‧Demultiplexing device

233‧‧‧I/O duplexer

234‧‧‧Ku/Ka low noise amplifier

235‧‧‧Power Amplifier

236‧‧‧ feeder chain antenna

1301‧‧‧beam

1302‧‧ beam

1303‧‧ beam

Claims (11)

A communication system comprising: a set of transmitter segments having one of a plurality of transmission channels and a set of receiver segments; wherein the transmitter segment inputs one of a plurality of inputs at a source location input a signal, performing a wavefront pre-emphasis conversion to convert the input signal into a wavefront pre-signal, and modulating the wavefront with a modulator before transmitting the wavefront to the receiver segment via the transmission segment Applying the signal to the wavefront overlay waveform, and converting the wavefront overlay waveform to a transmission band; wherein the input signal includes a digital signal, an analog signal, a digital and analog mixed signal, and a common signal to be transmitted to use a plurality of digital signal streams on a plurality of channels of the frequency slot, wherein the number of the plurality of channels is at least as many as the number of received digital signal streams, the communication system further comprising: the transmitting segment including the a portion of the plurality of transmission channels for transmitting the wavefront overlay waveform, and when the wavefront is applied to the transmission segment, the waveform is converted to the transmission a same frequency slot of the band; wherein a first wavefront overlay waveform is transmitted on a first transmission channel; and a second wavefront overlay waveform is transmitted on a second transmission channel; wherein the destination is located at a destination The receiver segment of one of the user ends receives the wavefront overlay waveform forwarded by the plurality of forwarding platforms in multiple directions from the transmission channels, and converts the waveform of the wavefront received waveform received in the receiver segment To a baseband frequency, thereby generating a multi-channel baseband wavefront overlay waveform; wherein a demodulator performs a demodulation on the received baseband wavefront overlay waveform and uses a wavefront solution respectively Converting the baseband wavefront overlay waveform to the received baseband wavefront overlay by a processor Using the waveform as a received baseband wavefront cover signal, and performing a wavefront solution conversion on the received baseband wavefront cover signal to restore the received wavefront cover signal to a plurality of independent signals Signal. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the unique inverse transform of the wavefront override is equal to the wavefront cancellation transform, and the wavefront cancellation transform is equivalent to the wavefront override conversion, And the wavefront overlay conversion is implemented in a digital format at a digital fundamental frequency or by an analog device selected from a Butler matrix, a Fourier transform pair, a Hadamard matrix, and a Hartley converts a group of pairs. The communication system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the N inputs of the wavefront overlay conversion is set to a ground signal (value is 0), and corresponds to the wavefront cancellation It is then used for authentication, where N>2. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the M input signals of the N input signals converted by the wavefront are set to ground signals (the value is 0), wherein M>0 and N> 2, wherein the communication system transmits (NM) independent signal streams via N parallel communication channels from the transmitter segment to the receiver segment. The communication system of claim 4, wherein the transmitter segment transmits only N1 independent signal streams to the receiver segment, wherein N1 < (NM), wherein the receiver segment is from the delivery segment The wavefront overlay waveform of any of the N1 channels received in the (NM) channels recombines the N1 independent signal streams. A wireless communication system comprising: a transmitter segment having a plurality of transmission channels and a receiver segment; wherein the transmitter segment inputs a plurality of input signals to be transmitted at a source location to perform a wave The pre-over conversion converts the input signal into a wavefront pre-emphasis signal, and uses a modulator to modulate the wavefront Transmitting the signal into a wavefront pre-applied waveform, transmitting the wavefront re-applying waveform via the transmitting segment connecting the transmitter segment and the receiver segment; wherein the plurality of channels of the plurality of transmission channels of the transmitting segment are at the The dynamic effects of the difference in the amplitude, phase, and time delay between the wavefront-covered signals; one of the first wavefront waveforms is transmitted on a first transmission channel, and a second wavefront is applied to the waveform. Transmitting on a second transmission channel; wherein the first transmission channel includes transmission through a first communication channel on an air platform; and wherein the receiver segment at a destination receives the wave from the transmission channel The waveform is pre-applied, the wavefront received wave received by the demodulation and conversion is formed to form a wavefront cover signal, and a wavefront pre-embedding signal is performed to restore the received wavefront cover signal into a plurality of independent signals. a signal, wherein the unique inverse transform of the wavefront override is equal to the wavefront solution transform, and the wavefront solution transform is equivalent to the wavefront override switch, and the wavefront is overwritten with the conversion system Digital fundamental frequency Bit format or by an analog device, wherein the device is selected from the class than in a Butler matrix of a Fourier transform pair, a Hadamard matrix and a conversion Hartley pair consisting of a group. The wireless communication system of claim 6, wherein the input signal comprises a digital signal, an analog signal, a digital and analog mixed signal, and a plurality of frequencies to be transmitted to a plurality of frequencies on the aerial platform. One of the plurality of channels is a plurality of digital signal streams, wherein the number of the plurality of channels is at least as many as the number of digital signal streams to be received, and the wireless communication system further comprises the following operations: Before demodulating the wavefront, the signal is applied to convert the wavefront cover signal to the wavefront overlay waveform and before transmitting the wavefront to the airborne platform of the transmission segment, the wavefront is overwritten with the signal to a passband; receiving the forwarded wavefront overlay waveform and frequency converting the received wavefront overlay waveform, and demodulating the wavefront overlay waveform to a baseband frequency at a user end of the receiver segment to generate a base The frequency wave is overlaid with a waveform, wherein a wavefront pre-solving processor performs a wavefront decoding conversion on the fundamental wavefront pre-signal to reconstruct the data of the digital signal stream. The wireless communication system of claim 6, wherein the input signal comprises a digital signal, an analog signal, a digital and analog mixed signal, and a plurality of channels to be transmitted to a common frequency slot on various air platforms. And a plurality of digital signal streams, wherein the number of the plurality of channels is at least as many as the number of received digital signal streams, and the dynamic wireless communication system further comprises the following operations: overlaying the signal before demodulating the wave Before the wavefront is applied to the waveform and the wavefront is applied to the transmission segment, the wavefront cover signal of the transmitter segment is frequency converted into the common frequency bin in a transmission band, and the transmission segment includes multiple beams. The antenna operates a plurality of air platforms of a common frequency in different frequency slots; a plurality of air platforms are utilized from a plurality of directions at a user end to receive the forwarded waveforms that are forwarded, and the receiver is demodulated at the receiver segment The received wavefront is overwritten with a waveform to produce a multi-channel baseband wavefront overlay signal. The wireless communication system of claim 6, wherein the input signal comprises a digital signal, an analog signal, a digital and analog mixed signal, and a plurality of channels to be transmitted to a plurality of frequencies and a specific location. One of a plurality of digital signal streams on the air platform, wherein the number of the plurality of channels is at least as many as the number of digital signals to be received. The dynamic wireless communication system further includes the following operations: before transmitting the demodulated pre-waveband signal to the transmission segment by using the multi-beam antenna, the transmitter segment converts the wavefront to the different transponders in the transmission band a frequency slot, wherein the transmission segment includes a plurality of air platforms operating various frequencies at different locations; the wavefront overlay waveform received at a user end from a plurality of air platforms in a plurality of directions, and at the receiver The wavefront received waveform is applied to a baseband frequency to generate a multi-channel baseband wavefront overlay signal. For example, the wireless communication system described in claim 6 includes satellites covering the globe in the C-band, satellites with C-band beamforming coverage, satellites with Ku-band coverage worldwide, and Ku-band beams. A satellite system selected from the group consisting of satellites with shaped coverage, satellites with Ku-band spot beam coverage, satellites with static coverage, satellite communication channels with dynamic coverage, and satellites with UHF-band global coverage. In the wireless communication system of claim 6, wherein the wavefront input port connected to the control signal has an output port corresponding to the wavefront cancellation control, wherein the wavefront cancellation is used. The output of the control is an authentication key, and one of the cost functions is used to measure a difference between the controlled input and the corresponding authentication, wherein the cost function is the minimum when the difference is negligibly small. .