TWI569732B - Animal feed additive of plant origin - Google Patents

Description

Plant source animal feed additive

The present invention relates to a feed additive.

Swine dysentery is a disease that is widespread on a global scale and in Hungary. In addition to the Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) pigs, the disease is currently present in one third of the clinically occurring livestock, and a more significant share of the livestock is an asymptomatic infection. Due to the direct loss and the high cost of treatment, this disease is one of the most economically important problems in Hungary and other major pig-raising countries. At the same time, in the last few decades, there has been worldwide interest in the use of natural, mainly plant-derived substances in the pharmaceutical, food, preservation and cosmetics industries.

The disease was first described by Whiting, Doyle, and Spray in the United States (1921). In Hungary, the pathology of this disease was named by Hegyeli and Hirt (1942), and by Manninger and Csontos (1943). Infectious pig stomach and enteritis. Although the infectivity of the disease has always been emphasized, it is pathologically assumed to be several different microorganisms (virus, arcabacter (Vibrio) coliform, spirochete, trichomoniasis, etc.). Despite the high economic impact of the disease, the cause of the disease was only clarified in the early 1970s. The pathogens were first cultivated by Taylor and Alexander (1971) in the United Kingdom, and Harris et al. (1972) in the United States, and clarified the etiology of the disease.

In the last few decades, for the pharmaceutical, food, preservation and cosmetics industries The use of natural, primarily plant-derived materials has a worldwide interest. There are more than 500 publications discussing the composition and efficacy of these substances.

The pathogen system is B. hyodysenteriae (initial B. catarrhalis , former Treponema pallidum ), a spirochete with long, wide, and uneven helix. It can be incubated on blood agar under anaerobic conditions by staining both phenol-magenta and Giemsa. The spectinomycin containing the medium can be used for its selective culture. Strong beta-hemolysis occurs under toxic strains and around toxic strains. Hemolysin is a low molecular weight peptide with cytotoxic properties. Based on the lipopolysaccharide antigen extracted from the cell wall, the B. hyodysenteriae strain can be divided into 9 serogroups by Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP) analysis. However, there are further subtle differences between the strains of the same serogroup depending on the antigen structure.

Short spirals have low resistance, they die within a few minutes when using a disinfectant at temperatures above 60 ° C, and die within a few days when dry, but in mucus, bloody feces, they survive at least in summer Live for up to two months in a week and in the winter. Similarly, pathogens may survive for several months in weakly alkaline feces.

This pathogen can be transplanted into the intestines of mice, rats and dogs living on pig farms. It can be excreted by rats for several days, excreted by dogs for several weeks, and excreted by mice for several months.

The role of pathogens in the etiology of this disease is evidenced by the fact that the disease was successfully produced artificially in both specific pathogens and normal pigs. In order to understand the pathogenesis and successful protection, it should be emphasized that sterile piglets are successfully infected only when B. burgdorferi is introduced into pigs with normal anaerobic bacteria in the gut. This is explained by the synergistic effect between the short spirochetes and normal anaerobic bacteria, such as mainly Bacteroides, and the bacillus. According to this hypothesis, these microorganisms provide B. Suitable microenvironment and matrix for propagation. Therefore, it is not accidental except for the presence of a large number of short spirochetes in pig intestinal objects infected with swine dysentery, and the imbalance of the normal intestinal flora is also noteworthy.

In acute swine dysentery, the number of Enterococcus and Bacillus is significantly reduced in the intestinal flora, and at the same time, the number of Bacteroides, Bacillus, Escherichia coli and certain coliforms is increased. In chronic conditions, the increase in Clostridium is significant. An increase in the proportion of the accompanying and remaining flora to the main flora results in the cessation of ecological balance and the formation of a deleterious state instead. The harmful flora indicates an increased burden on the host organism. In this state, feed utilization is deteriorated, yield is lowered, and in more severe cases, animals can die.

There is a need to develop herbal-based products that are suitable for replacing antibiotics and are highly competitive.

Different medicinal and etheric plants, as well as extracts made therefrom, have been widely used in native culture since ancient times, and their antibacterial effects have long been known.

In the case of herbal extracts, it can often prove to have some bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects, as well as "improving the intestinal flora" and probiotic effects. One of the most common such compounds is, for example, thyme oil extract. In addition to the positive effects mentioned above, the thyme oil extract is capable of selectively inhibiting Salmonella according to preliminary experiments.

Most products that use increased yields of medicinal plants, including the plants themselves, or some of their extracts. The problem is the fact that the drug content of medicinal plants varies significantly. This depends on the origin, harvest time, so their use is problematic from a safety point of view, but at least it cannot be standardized. A further problem with medicinal plant-derived drugs is the presence of residual drugs and risks in food.

Thyme (thyme) belongs to the family of the Labiatae, the shape of the lip. It is a perennial semi-shrub that blooms between May and July. It is native to the Mediterranean, not Hungarian, but it can be nurtured. Its active ingredient is mainly essential oil, and the essential oil is about 1-2.5%. The main component of the essential oil is about 20-60% thymol, and about 25% carvacrol.

In addition to essential oils, thyme also contains carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids and the like in other substances. The antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities of thymol and carvacrol are known to be an order of magnitude higher than phenol, while carotenoids, polyphenols and flavonoids have free radical scavengers and antioxidant capacity.

According to some studies, thyme oil completely inhibits the reproduction of Gram-positive microorganisms even in the presence of blood. It has a weak inhibitory effect on the reproduction of a single strain, and has a stronger inhibitory effect on other Gram-negative microorganisms, as well as certain fungi. The long-term study of the effects of thyme essential oil and its different extracts on antibacterial and antifungal properties. These studies have so far clearly demonstrated their effectiveness against a wide range of pathogenicity and food spoilage microorganisms (Dorman and Deans, 2000; Pasqua et al. , 2005; Arnal-Schnebelen et al., 2004; Angelini et al., 2006).

According to some of these studies, it is more active against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria (Farag et al., 1989; Smith-Palmer et al.) , 1998; Marino et al., 1999; Kalemba, 1999), and other studies have also found resistance to Gram-negative bacteria (Penalver et al., 2005; Ashour et al. , 2005; Oussalah et al., 2006). It has an effect on ex vivo conditions (for porcine dysentery ). However, there is no data on the activity of thyme anti-B. Because of this, we studied extracts of thyme water against pathogens of swine dysentery.

In preliminary laboratory studies, it was surprisingly found that in the case of some medicinal plants, synergistic effects of preferred extracts of several medicinal plants can be seen. The composition of the study contained a powder prepared from the endosperm of a natural strain of artichoke (Cornus, silique) in addition to the thyme extract. This powder consists of a high molecular weight hydrocolloid polysaccharide consisting of galactose and mannose units linked by glycoside boundaries, chemically described as galactomannan. The galactomannan content is at least 75%. This seed powder is used in food applications and as an additive to infant formula (E 410).

The composition of the water extract of thyme and artichoke seeds inhibits the activity of the pathogen known as swine dysentery in our agar diffusion test in a concentration-dependent manner. This shows a good correlation with other results with different microorganisms (Magda et al., 2000; EL-Astal et al., 2004; EL-Astal et al., 2005; Czapska et al., year 2006).

Since 1999, the EU has banned the use of prophylactic and increased amounts of Virginiamycin, Tylosin, Spiramycin, and Bacitracin. This rule was tightened on January 1, 2006, and EU member states completely banned the use of antibiotics for disease prevention and increased yield. The method of the invention is of particular importance because the active ingredients present in thyme affect drug resistant microorganisms (Nelson et al., 1997; Hersch et al., 2005; Friedman). Et al., 2006; Friedman et al., 2006), therefore, these antibiotics can be Replaced (Onibala et al., 2001; Urbanczyk et al., 2002) and can be considered as an alternative to yield increase (Demir et al., 2005), and using them, the production conditions of safe foods have an environment Increased consciousness.

The products of the present invention are novel in light of the following details, and they are innovative compared to similar products.

- First of all, as far as we know, there are no similar products developed in the international market, specific herbal, high-efficiency and antibiotic-free protection methods against the above-mentioned swine diseases.

- The project involves the development of active ingredients in the product, not the plant itself.

- The product does not contain a single medicinal plant, but rather a suitable combination of active ingredients suitable for obtaining the target.

- Seek synergy with the active ingredients used.

- The removal of residual constituents from herbal extracts, so the products developed are risk free from a food safety standpoint.

- The efficiency of herbal extracts is enhanced by chemical processes. The stabilizing effect of the trace element glycine chelate compound enhances the active ingredient of the herb.

- Trace element glycine chelate is found in human pharmaceutical products, but these manufacturers are not competitors because they are not producers of the veterinary market.

- (Medicinal) plant products are mainly used for aroma enhancement in animal feed. Ayurvet is the largest producer of feed additive products in India one. It has several medicinal plant products, but these are not used for the prevention of swine diseases as described here and are therefore not competitors of the products of this project. Ruchamax and Yakrifit are products for the production of herbal-based ruminants. In Hungary (SzIEÁOTK) they have their test information, but the observations have no advantage. Uperliv and Ayucee are mixtures of medicinal plants developed for poultry.

The medicinal plant product (Diakam) against diarrhea from the Indian company Kamdhenu is used to improve general symptoms. It has no special effect on the disease. There is no experience in using these products in Europe.

Concentration of medicinal plant extracts

Ultrafiltration is a long-term separation technique used in the fermentation industry. When the target is to remove a molecule of known size, for example greater than 10 kilodaltons (kDa) but less than 100 kilodaltons (kDa), ultrafiltration is used for filtration or separation with a molecular weight of 1000 kilodaltons. Molecular concentration of (kDa) or less. There are two main types of membrane filtration: membrane and hollow fiber filtration. During membrane filtration, the extract passes through a membrane having a given pore size using a given pressure, thus it is a conventional filtration technique. Hollow fiber filtration is performed in a capillary having a surface having a cutoff value of a given kilodalton (kDa). The filtered liquid circulates in these perforated capillaries until most of the smaller molecular weight material is removed and the concentrate remains in these capillaries. One novel use of this technique is the concentration of medicinal plant extracts. A molecular size fragment of less than 100 kilodaltons (kDa) of aqueous and/or isopropanol extract is circulated in a 1 kilodalton (kDa) cut-off capillary. To concentrate it, thereby producing a concentrated version of the medicinal plant extract.

Trace element glycine chelate and its preparation

Minerals play a variety of and fundamental roles in the physiological and biochemical operations of living organisms. Among them, these minerals are enzyme components (zinc, copper, manganese, magnesium, iron), (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, magnesium, potassium) and vitamins (Co), which have special effects in different protection mechanisms ( Copper, zinc, iron, selenium), participate in hematopoietic function (copper, iron), reproduction (phosphorus, copper, potassium, manganese, zinc, magnesium), promote the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins.

The trace element content of the feed plants depends on several factors (eg climate, applied agricultural technology, environmental pollution, etc.) and varies widely. However, breeding high-yielding livestock requires an addition and balance of minerals (including trace elements). This requirement is almost completely met by the feed, mainly by mixing different mineral salts into the feed.

These premixed plants use trace elements in inorganic form, despite the fact that these elements are mainly organic compounds in plants, and studies over the past 10-15 years have shown that trace elements using organic compounds are compared to inorganic forms. Has a definite advantage.

Metal-containing organic composite systems are one of the major compound forms in biological systems. Metal ions occupy a central position in these complexes, and ions, molecules, natural organic compounds (amino acids, polypeptides, proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) are ligands attached thereto. When the metal ion is attached to two or more atoms of a ligand, a chemical reaction between certain ions and the organic compound produces a chelate. Chelating compounds with metal-ligand interactions are most important for organisms because The activity of the metals in these complexes is 105-107 times higher than the ionic form.

In the case of most trace elements, the following chelate is formed: a complex is formed using an amino acid, a protein, an organic acid, or the like, wherein the protein (amino acid) trace element complex is basic. Recently, gratifying results have been obtained - irrespective of breed, age and use - in the more efficient supply of trace elements, mainly selenium, chromium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron.

At the same time, copper and zinc glycinate provided by the organic form not only utilizes better, but also surprisingly inhibits microorganisms. An important factor in the mechanism of action of trace element organic glycine copper and zinc chelate is that these chelate compounds can inhibit the spread of Gram-negative or facultative pathogens in feed, so useful members of the intestinal flora, such as double Bacillus and Lactobacillus can prevail. The mixture of the organically combined trace element glycine composition and the medicinal plant can be effectively used to restore the balance of the intestinal flora, for the production of the intestinal flora and for combating pathogenic microorganisms at risk to animal health.

In addition, a fundamental problem in the management of trace elements is how to prevent the interaction of metal ions with other components in the intestinal flora prior to absorption, which can be obtained by providing a granular formulation.

The physical properties of the desired extrudate for the extrusion and spheroidal steps used during granulation, through the moisture of the paste prepared from the medicinal plant extract, the trace elements glycine and additives, and the auxiliary materials contained therein The ratio is determined. Some additives are used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, such as microcrystalline cellulose (a crystalline form of cellulose), or polyvinylpyrrolidone (Σ-PVP) and PVP and CMC. They are commonly used as carriers for granulation emulsification and shaping. Combine and enclose humidity, causing The particles expand and the space between the particles provides the ideal environment for the bacteria. CMC is used because of its high viscosity properties in the food industry and other industries. It is non-toxic, does not cause allergies, and does not accumulate in the ground. By absorbing moisture, it can be used as a binder in the granules. PVP provides high water holding capacity because it absorbs 40% of its own weight. Since the particles are subjected to significant physical impact during spheronization, proper cohesion and water storage capacity of the particles are very important. It is necessary for the high viscosity polymer to absorb moisture to avoid precipitation of the water and thereby avoid adhesion of the particles during the process steps. A completely homogeneous "block" has a common consistency of wet powder, so it doesn't look like a paste every day.

The resulting paste is extruded by pressure extrusion: compressed by filling into a tube, and the extrudate is pressed into a spiral in a screw extruder at a predetermined number of revolutions per minute, and then collect.

During extrusion, the paste is compressed at a high pressure and restored to the shape of a filament, and if the paste has an appropriate length, strength, and consistency, the filament can be in the form of beads in a spheronizer. During the spheronization process, the extrudate is subjected to high physical impact, and incorrectly bound moisture precipitates on the surface of the extrudate or granule. In this case, the granulated particles are bonded together and are sized to a diameter of 5 to 6 millimeters (mm). The spheronization is performed on a metal plate having a groove of a checkered pattern, and is rotated under high rotation, the thin paste line is cut according to the density of the groove, and then rounded according to the number of revolutions. Since a shell is formed by continuous air jet during spheronization, the particles harden and their structure is maintained.

Example 1

For the in vitro experiment, a cold (25 ° C) water extract of the drug was prepared. Three grams of the fine powder of the plant sample was measured, and shaken with 100 ml of distilled water at room temperature for 1 hour, and then subjected to different molecular weight cutoff (1 kDa, 10 kD, 100 kDa, 500 kDa) ultrafiltration membrane column (KOCH/ Filter under Romicon WF2, hollow fiber) several times, then use the filtrates numbered 2005/89 and 2005/94 to prepare serial dilutions until the concentration is 1:20000.

For the in vitro experiment, a cold (25 ° C) water extract of the drug was prepared. Three grams of the fine powder of the plant sample was measured, and shaken with 100 ml of distilled water at room temperature for 1 hour, then filtered through a 100 kDa column, then concentrated through a 1 kDa column, and then a series was prepared from the concentrated extract. Dilute until the concentration is 1:20 000.

Example 2

The artichoke seed meal was extracted in aqueous solution at 40 ° C for 2 hours and then further extracted by adding 20% isopropanol. The extract was filtered through a 100 kDa column as described in Example 1, and then passed through a 1 kDa column. Concentrate and then prepare a series of dilutions from the concentrated extract until the concentration is 1:20 000.

The precipitated extract from the concentrated isopropanol-water fraction was studied.

Example 3

Antibacterial activity of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Bata strains isolated from growing and finishing pigs exhibiting clinical signs of swine dysentery A study of the effects and then isolation of B. hyodysenteriae strains on 5 different farms was further included in the study. According to the widely accepted agar diffusion protocol, the test bacteria were spread onto blood agar medium, and then the well was cut in agar plates under aseptic conditions. The extracts to be studied were pipetted into these wells and then incubated at 35 ° C for 24-48 hours. In the case of an active sample, the test bacteria surrounding the agar well died and the zone of inhibition was observed in the form of a smaller or larger loop. Antibacterial activity can be inferred from the measurement of the diameter of the zone of inhibition.

Isolation of B. hyodysenteriae and agar diffusion test: B. gingivalis strains were isolated from pigs that were raised in different regions of Hungary and showed growth symptoms of swine dysentery. After hemorrhage at the slaughterhouse, the colonic colon of the pig showing clinical signs was tied and transported to the laboratory within six hours. After opening the colon portion, the sample is provided as a scraping of the colonic mucosa. In any case, the mucous shavings on the scraper were freshly prepared TSA supplied with 10% defibrinated bovine blood and 400 μg/ml of spectinomycin (Sigma-Aldrich Kft) as an inhibitor. The surface of agar (Scharlau microorganisms) is scattered. After inoculation, the cultures were incubated at +42 °C for 96 hours under stringent anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic conditions were obtained by using an anaerobic gas generating package (Oxoid, Gas Generating Kit, anaerobic system BR0038B) and an anaerobic culture tank (Oxoid, anaerobic tank). Determining the biochemical properties of the primary and secondary levels and identifying isolates was performed by standard techniques (Quinn et al., 1994). After identification and until use in the assay, these strains were stored in suspension in TSB with sterile glycerol (Scharlau Microorganisms) frozen at -80 °C.

These strains were previously stored frozen at -25 °C. Pre-cultures were prepared on blood agar (modified tryptic soy agar medium supplemented with 5-10% defibrin bovine blood) from the thawed bacterial mass. On a pre-cultured agar plate that was significantly well hemolyzed, cut 8-10 agar block grafts of almost the same size (±5% difference) and then use a glass rod approximately 5 mm (mm) in diameter. Distributed onto freshly prepared agar plates with a diameter of 90 mm (mm). The panel was dried in a cover form for 5 minutes.

The transplanted panels were perforated in the middle using an agar disc cutting device according to the development sequence in the laboratory. These 5 mm (mm) diameters are placed at least 40 mm from the edge of the panel to allow easy evaluation of the larger bacteriostatic zone surrounding the sensitive single body. Therefore, the entirety of the culture panel formed on a 90 mm (mm) diameter contains only one sample. After applying a certain concentration of thyme extract, the panels were placed in an aerostat (Oxoid anaerobic bag and canister) within 15 minutes and incubated at 37 ° C in an oxygen-free atmosphere for 4-5 day.

The strains studied were classified according to the diameter size of the hemolysis suppression ring surrounding the panel as a whole to determine its sensitivity to a given concentration of the water-soluble thyme drug extract.

Marker sensitivity (S) (suppression ring diameter > 25 mm (mm)) indicates that the bacteria are sensitive to a certain concentration and die.

The result of moderate sensitivity (M) (the diameter of the suppression ring is 15-25 mm (mm)) indicates that the ex vivo effect at a given concentration is unreliable.

Marking resistance, insensitivity (R) (10 mm (mm) or a similar sensitive diameter) indicates ineffectiveness in vitro.

result:

The results are summarized in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

S = sensitive; M = moderately sensitive; R = resistant

Example 4

In this example, thyme - as in Examples 1 and 2, an ultrafiltration-concentrated artichoke seed medicinal plant extract was mixed in a ratio of 1:1 and mixed with ground chicory and 100 ppm zinc-containing trace element glycine. Glycine is mixed with zinc bisglycinate and/or zinc bisglycinate stabilizer and is sprayed at 90 ° C and dried at a temperature of 60 ° C.

Example 5

In this example, thyme - as in Examples 1 and 2, an ultrafiltration-concentrated artichoke seed medicinal plant extract was mixed in a 1:1 ratio with ground corn cob and 15 ppm copper-containing monoglycine copper and / Or copper bisglycine and/or copper bisglycinate stabilizer are mixed together and dried at 70 ° C and dried on a fluid bed at an air temperature of 50 ° C.

Example 6

Preparation for granulation systemization

Identify granules in the form of auxiliaries:

Microcrystalline cellulose (JRS-Vivapur®), hereinafter referred to as Vivapur. It is an additive used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, a crystalline form of cellulose.

Carboxymethylcellulose nano salt (Σ-CMC), hereinafter referred to as CMC. CMC is used for its high viscosity properties in the food industry and other industries. By absorbing water, it can be used as a granulated binder.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone , (Σ-PVP), hereinafter referred to as PVP. It is important for proper cohesion and the water storage capacity of the particles.

The absorption of moisture by cellulose requires one hour of homogenization to swell and form the correct crystallite structure, and thus provide the ideal environment for cell survival. Stir the equipment to produce a uniform paste: Kendwood, UK.

Granulation (extrusion-spheronization) is preferably carried out in a 4M-8 extrusion (Pro-C-Ept) apparatus. Extrusion occurred at 35 °C. Extrusion parameters: 40 rpm, slow spiral rotation and compression. Extruder sieve size: 1.0 mm (mm). Rounding parameters: 3.25 milli Millimeter (mm) fluted plate, 1400 rpm, allows the desired particle size (1-2 millimeters (mm)) to be achieved.

The granules were dried on a fluidized bed as described in Example 5.

Example 7

A 1:1 ratio mixture of medicinal plant extracts according to Examples 1 and 2 was used for field testing after completion of ex vivo experiments similar to the above Examples 4, 5 and 6 for drying and granulating composition techniques ( The dosage form changes prepared for Dysantic 1, 2, 3 and 4 ), as well as the efficacy of the excipient ingredients, were tested in different dilutions on B. hyodysenteriae strains (Table 6).

The short spiral hair hyodysenteriae strain for both Dysantic mixture was diluted sample appears sensitive (S) in vitro, and excipient ingredients as proved ineffective alone.

Example 8 Preliminary experiment with a composition of thyme extract and zinc glycinate and copper stabilizer

Under the initial experimental conditions, experimental feeding was carried out in two cases to grow pigs. Both the control group and the experimental group contained 100 pigs for growth and finishing. The latter group received the experimental composition, such as a 5 kg/ton feed dose as determined by laboratory tests. In the first study, the control group received a prophylactic dose of Getroxel (karbadox) in its diet (Table 7). In the second study, only individuals with dysentery pigs were treated (Table 8). Parameters studied: number of treatments, loss occurrence, average slaughter weight, and feed utilization.

In the first experiment (Table 7), after the same length of fattening time, the slaughter weight in the experimental group was 2.8 kg higher than the control group, or 2.6%, and was used to produce 1 kg of live animal weight. The amount of feed is 0.2 kg smaller, which means an increase of 6% in feed utilization. The second time (Table 8), after the same length of fattening time, the slaughter weight in the experimental group was 4 kg higher than the control group, ie 3.8%, and the amount of feed necessary to produce 1 kg of live animal weight was more The low 0.27 kg, ie the feed utilization rate was reduced by 9% compared to the control animals. Compared with the control group (2), the treatment of swine dysentery in the control group was more than ten times (21) .

Claims (14)

A feed additive comprising an acacia seed and a thyme extract effective for the small intestine of the digestive tract and a trace element glycine chelate stabilizer. The feed additive as described in claim 1 is for use in monogastric animals. The feed additive of claim 1 is in a releasable form from a suitable carrier material. The feed additive of claim 3, wherein the carrier material is a cellulose-based waste of the treated plant material. The feed additive of claim 4, wherein the carrier material comprises at least one of a ground corn cob and a ground chicory plant. The feed additive of claim 3, wherein the carrier material has a particle size of from 30 to 500 microns. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the stabilizer is at least one of zinc monoglycine, zinc glycinate, and zinc diglycine. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein the stabilizer is at least one of copper monoglycine, copper bisglycinate, and copper diglycine. The feed additive of claim 1 comprising a material having a high starch content, preferably a high feed powder content. The feed additive of claim 1 is granulated. A feed additive comprising the feed additive of any one of claims 1 to 10. A method of preparing a feed additive comprising mixing an acacia seed with a thyme extract and a trace element glycine chelate stabilizer, and optionally further standardizing the feed additive component. A method of preparing a feed comprising mixing the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 10 into a standard feed. The feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 10, or the feed according to claim 11 or the preparation method according to claim 12 or 13 The feed additive or the feed is used in the livestock industry to increase the obtained body weight or to reduce the mortality of the pig population.