TWI565655B - 混成碳黑與塗佈組合物 - Google Patents
混成碳黑與塗佈組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI565655B TWI565655B TW104141462A TW104141462A TWI565655B TW I565655 B TWI565655 B TW I565655B TW 104141462 A TW104141462 A TW 104141462A TW 104141462 A TW104141462 A TW 104141462A TW I565655 B TWI565655 B TW I565655B
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon black
- mixed
- polymer film
- mixed carbon
- photoresist
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- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 title claims description 211
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 54
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 41
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OHVLMTFVQDZYHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-2-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)C(CN1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)=O OHVLMTFVQDZYHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIKSHDNOAYSSPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-ylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2C(C)C YIKSHDNOAYSSPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 6-[(5S)-5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C[C@H]1CN(C(O1)=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012956 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl-ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRSSOQRAQHCMBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PRSSOQRAQHCMBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVJCWAOBAKYZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)OOC1(CCC(C#C1)(C)OOC(C)(C)C)C.C(C)(C)(C)OOC1(CCC(C#C1)(C)OOC(C)(C)C)C Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)OOC1(CCC(C#C1)(C)OOC(C)(C)C)C.C(C)(C)(C)OOC1(CCC(C#C1)(C)OOC(C)(C)C)C JVJCWAOBAKYZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006927 Foeniculum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004204 Foeniculum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPDYCNDUMHVMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N(=NC(C(=O)NCC=C)(C)C)C(C(=O)NCC=C)(C)C.N(=NC(C(=O)NC(C)C)(C)C)C(C(=O)NC(C)C)(C)C Chemical compound N(=NC(C(=O)NCC=C)(C)C)C(C(=O)NCC=C)(C)C.N(=NC(C(=O)NC(C)C)(C)C)C(C(=O)NC(C)C)(C)C MPDYCNDUMHVMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001016 Ostwald ripening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- SEEVRZDUPHZSOX-WPWMEQJKSA-N [(e)-1-[9-ethyl-6-(2-methylbenzoyl)carbazol-3-yl]ethylideneamino] acetate Chemical compound C=1C=C2N(CC)C3=CC=C(C(\C)=N\OC(C)=O)C=C3C2=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C SEEVRZDUPHZSOX-WPWMEQJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNSXNCFKSZZHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical class C=CC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=C)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C KNSXNCFKSZZHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008062 acetophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQMHJBXHRFJKOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)OC ZQMHJBXHRFJKOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JKHHAOWZGODEOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)formamide Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NNC=O JKHHAOWZGODEOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(4-phenylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalonitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C#N JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OGOBWYZAVILZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxyprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(O)=C OGOBWYZAVILZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000235 small-angle X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSECCTDWEGTEBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylperoxycyclohexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC1CCCCC1 GSECCTDWEGTEBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/006—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C3/04 - C09C3/12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/10—Treatment with macromolecular organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D125/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D125/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C09D125/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C09D125/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C09D125/14—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated esters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0005—Production of optical devices or components in so far as characterised by the lithographic processes or materials used therefor
- G03F7/0007—Filters, e.g. additive colour filters; Components for display devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/033—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/105—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having substances, e.g. indicators, for forming visible images
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/10—Encapsulated ingredients
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
本揭露關於混成碳黑,更特別關於包含混成碳黑之塗佈組合物。
目前觸控面板仍需要在表面蓋板上形成一層遮光之邊框層,其中之一即是黑色矩陣光阻層。黑色矩陣光阻層主要是將碳黑分散於感光光阻中,然後在表面玻璃蓋板上經由塗佈、軟烤、曝光、顯影、及硬烤後完成。但是目前所用之碳黑雖然具有低成本與高黑度之優勢,但是碳黑本身也是電導體,因此通常在高溫硬烤完成後,會降低黑色矩陣光阻層之表面阻抗,導致欲遮蔽之金屬線部份導通,而影響訊號。所以黑色矩陣光阻層之黑色色料亟需要具有高絕緣表面之碳黑。
另一方面,目前以高分子膜包覆碳黑以形成混成碳黑的作法,會使混成碳黑凝膠化而增加含有混成碳黑之光阻組合物的黏度。綜上所述,目前亟需新的混成碳黑以解決凝膠化的問題。
本揭露一實施例提供之混成碳黑,包括:碳黑核心;以及高分子膜,包覆碳黑核心之所有表面,其中高分子膜包含網狀交聯之多個高分子主鏈,以及多個分散側鏈鍵結至高
分子主鏈,其中分散側鏈來自於丙烯酸酯系單體,且丙烯酸酯
系單體之結構如下:,當n=4-7時,R1為H或
CH3;以及當n=8-14時,R1為CH3。
本揭露一實施例提供之塗佈組合物,包括上述之混成碳黑。
10‧‧‧混成碳黑
11‧‧‧碳黑核心
13‧‧‧高分子膜
13A‧‧‧網狀交聯之高分子主鏈
13B‧‧‧分散側鏈
第1圖係本揭露一實施例中,混成碳黑的示意圖。
如第1圖所示,一實施例之混成碳黑10具有高分子膜13包覆碳黑核心11之所有表面,且高分子膜13包含網狀交聯之高分子主鏈13A,以及分散側鏈13B鍵結至高分子主鏈13A上。上述混成碳黑具有高的熱裂解溫度與優良的抗溶劑特性,使包含其之遮光材料能在高溫下不易熱裂解而導致碳黑表面電性裸露。此外,當混成碳黑配製成塗佈組合物(如黑色油墨)時,有機溶劑只會膨潤而不會溶解高分子膜。
上述碳黑核心具有緊密型碎形結構與十分光滑之表面,其表面性質可以碎形維度表示,比如質量碎形維度(mass fractal dimension、Dm)與表面碎形維度(surface fractal dimension、Ds)。表面碎形維度(Ds)可表現碎形體之界面粗糙度。在一實施例中,碳黑核心之表面碎形維度(Ds)可介於2至3之間。Ds越小則碳黑核心之碎形體界面越平滑,而Ds越大則碳
黑核心之碎形體界面越粗糙。質量碎形維度(Dm)可表現聚集體型態。在一實施例中,碳黑核心之質量碎形維度(Dm)介於1至3之間。Dm越小則碳黑核心的碎形體偏向線性型,而Dm越大則碳黑核心的碎形體較偏向緊密型(如緊密球形)。在一實施例中,上述具有緊密型碎形結構以及光滑界面之碳黑核心質量碎形維度(Dm)可介於2-3之間,且表面碎形維度(Ds)可介於2-2.5之間。
在一實施例中,上述高分子膜係由苯乙烯系單體、交聯劑、與丙烯酸酯系單體共聚而成。苯乙烯系單體通常能吸附於碳黑表面,因此與碳黑間有良好之交互作用力。此外,苯乙烯系單體可提昇高分子膜之熱裂解溫度。在一實施例中,苯乙烯系單體具有單一乙烯基,其可為苯乙烯(styrene)、甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯(benzyl methacrylate)、或丙烯酸苯甲酯(benzyl acrylate)。
交聯劑具有兩個或兩個以上之乙烯基,使高分子主鏈交聯成網狀。舉例來說,交聯劑可為二乙烯基苯(divinyl benzene)、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)、1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯(1,4-butanediol diacrylate)、異戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯(pentaerythritol triacrylate)、乙氧基化三甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(ethoxylated trimethylpropane triacrylate)、二異戊四醇五丙烯酸酯(dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate)、乙氧基化異戊四醇四丙烯酸酯(ethoxylated pentaerythritol tertaacrylate)、異戊四醇四丙烯酸酯(pentaerythritol tertaacrylate)、二異戊四醇六丙烯酸酯
(dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate)、或上述之組合。在一實施例中,交聯劑係二乙烯基苯(divinyl benzene)。
上述丙烯酸酯系單體在聚合後,形成之分散側鏈將鍵結至高分子主鏈。分散側鏈可降低油墨黏度與提高分散性。在一實施例中,丙烯酸酯系單體之化學結構式如下:
在式1中,當n=4-7時,R1為H或CH3。當n=8-14時,R1為CH3。值得注意的是,n的數目超過7且R1為H時,會使包含混成碳黑之組合物的黏度大幅增加。另一方面,當n大於14時,即使採用R1為CH3之丙烯酸酯,也無法使包含混成碳黑之組合物的黏度下降。在一實施例中,丙烯酸酯系單體為甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯(LMA)。在一實施例中,丙烯酸酯系單體為甲基丙烯酸己酯(HMA)。在一實施例中,丙烯酸酯系單體為丙烯酸己酯(HA)。
在一實施例中,苯乙烯系單體與交聯劑之莫耳比介於70:1至100:1之間。若交聯劑之比例過低,則高分子主鏈之交聯度不足,而無法形成高分子膜包覆碳黑的所有表面。若交聯劑之比例過高,則混成碳黑的高分子膜硬度過高且易脆。在一實施例中,苯乙烯系單體與丙烯酸酯系單體之莫耳比介於17:1至23:1之間。若丙烯酸酯系單體之比例過低,則所配製之黑色光阻液黏度過高。若丙烯酸酯系單體之比例過高,則分散側鏈分散功能失效,引發混成碳黑凝膠化。
在一實施例中,高分子膜與碳黑核心的重量比介於5:1至30:1之間。若高分子膜之比例過高,則具有混成碳黑之膜層的光學密度過低。若高分子膜之比例過低,則無法有效遮蔽碳黑,且具有混成碳黑之膜層的表面阻抗值過低。在一實施例中,高分子膜之膜厚與碳黑核心的粒徑比介於0.5:1至1.5:1之間。若高分子膜之膜厚過厚,則具有混成碳黑之膜層的光學密度過低。若高分子膜之膜厚過薄,則無法有效遮蔽碳黑,且具有混成碳黑之膜層的表面阻抗值過低。在一實施例中,混成碳黑之粒徑介於40nm至150nm之間。若混成碳黑之粒徑過大,則粒徑間空隙過大,所配製之黑色光阻液之光學密度低下,降低遮蔽效果。若混成碳黑之粒徑過小,則所配製之黑色光阻液黏度過高,影響後續塗佈製程參數設計。
上述混成碳黑的製備方法,可包含(1)碳黑微細化處理及(2)合成混成碳黑。碳黑微細化處理的方法包含配製碳黑分散液,並選用研磨方法如球磨、砂磨、高速衝擊式粉碎機、或類似方法。在一實施例中,使用奈米研磨法進行碳黑微細化處理,以得特定質量碎形維度(Dm)及表面碎形維度(Ds)的碳黑核心。
舉例來說,碳黑微細化處理的方法可具有以下步驟:首先,取裸碳黑材料,以四氫呋喃(THF)清洗數次與烘乾,可除去碳黑表面之污物。接著,配製碳黑/第一界面活性劑/水之分散液(固含量9~15wt%),控溫攪拌(50~100rpm/20~30min)後,將所得之分散液倒入奈米研磨機的研磨槽中,以進行奈米研磨微細化處理。研磨珠可選用小於或等於0.1mm的陶瓷研磨
珠(如高密度、高硬度、高穩定、與耐磨耗之球形氧化鋯珠)、鋼材研磨珠(如火碳鋼材質製成的球形鑄鋼球、鉻鋼研磨珠以及軸承鋼硬化處理的研磨珠),且研磨溫度可為15~25℃。研磨速度一開始可先以低轉速研磨(500~1500rpm),然後逐步調高轉速(1500~2500rpm),直到粒徑不再劇烈變動為止。微細化之碳黑水溶液經離心分離,並以甲醇清洗數次後,透過減壓乾燥形成碳黑粉末,以便後續合成混成碳黑使用。上述研磨珠的粒徑若過大,則研磨後的碳黑粒徑無法有效降低與均勻分佈。上述研磨速度若過快,則界面活性劑在碳黑表面潤溼會失效,導致過磨現象。研磨速度若過慢,則碳黑間碰撞力道不足,降低研磨效果。上述第一界面活性劑做為分散劑,主要是提供碳黑粉體在水相中之分散與安定,使吸附於碳黑上之單體能在安定的微胞中聚合成高分子鏈,且高分子鏈又交聯成網狀以形成高分子膜。第一界面活性劑的種類沒有特別限制,陰離子型、陽離子型、非離子型、或高分子型界面活性劑均可,比如十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)。此外,可進一步添加第二界面活性劑(與第一界面活性劑不同,可例如為疏水性(hydrophobe)界面活性劑),以抑制聚合反應過程中界面活性劑/單體組成物/碳黑微胞的奧斯瓦爾德熟化(Ostwald ripening)現象,避免最後所得之碳黑粒徑嚴重不均勻。第二界面活性劑並沒有特別限制,只要能與第一界面活性劑相容即可,比如十六烯(hexadecane)。
在一實施例中,合成混成碳黑的方式如下。先配製碳黑分散液,亦即在具有一界面活性劑的水溶液中添加已經過微細化處理的碳黑。經攪拌後,使之形成安定分散之碳黑分
散液。接者,將苯乙烯系單體、交聯劑、丙烯酸酯系單體、與起始劑一起填入另一容器,待攪拌成均一相單體液體後,添加入碳黑分散液中。值得注意的是,此時仍需持續攪拌一段時間(約30-40分鐘),以便單體能溶入碳黑微胞內並吸附於碳黑表面。最後進行聚合反應。聚合反應方式可依起始劑種類調整,起始劑可包括熱起始劑或光起始劑,以熱起始劑為例,聚合反應係在氮氣下升溫至熱起始劑熱裂解溫度65-70℃以上開始進行聚合反應,在反應的最後一段時間,可以再升溫至更高的溫度75-85℃以便將未反應之單體反應完全,反應時間可為2-20小時。若反應溫度過高,則起始劑一開始即熱裂解,容易引發單體/碳黑微胞間的跨區反應。若反應溫度過低,則起始劑無法完全熱裂解。需注意的是,熱起始劑產生熱裂解後之成份必須不能使網狀交聯高分子膜帶電荷,以避免所得之混成碳黑失去絕緣特性。因此,需根據使用的單體搭配合適的熱起始劑。上述熱起始劑可採用常見之偶氮二異丁晴(AIBN)。上述界面活性劑的種類沒有特別限制,陰離子型、陽離子型、非離子型、或高分子型界面活性劑均可,一般採用高HLB(hydrophile-lipophile balance)值之十二烷基磺酸鈉(SDS)。最後,將合成好之混成碳黑分散液與適量甲醇混合後分批裝入離心瓶中,並在離心機中進行離心分離;接著將上層液取出,並重新填入新鮮甲醇與離心分離。上述清洗步驟需重複數次,使界面活性劑被清洗乾淨。最後將清洗完全之混成碳黑從離心瓶底部取出並減壓濃縮乾燥,即可得到粉狀的混成碳黑。
上述混成碳黑可用於塗佈組合物。在一實施例
中,塗佈組合物可含有溶劑,且混成碳黑的固含量可介於15-30wt%。上述溶劑可為任何使混成碳黑分散於其中之溶劑,比如:丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate,簡稱PGMEA)、環己酮、丙二醇、或丙二醇單甲基醚(propylene glycol methyl ether,簡稱PGME)。此外,塗佈組合物亦可包含分散劑如烴基官能羧酸(如BYK-108)、丙烯酸共聚合物(如BYK-108)、不飽和聚胺酸的聚銑胺(如BYK-130)含顏料親和基團高分子共聚合物(如BYK-163,164,167,170,171,174,182,183,184,185,191,192,9075,9076,9077)、丙烯酸高分子共聚合物(如BYK-2000,2001)、或丙烯酸酯共聚合物(如BYK-2050,2070)。分散劑之比例可介於1wt%-30wt%之間,以溶劑與混成碳黑的總重為基準。
在一實施例中,上述塗佈組合物可搭配負型感光光阻以作為遮光塗料。在一實施例中,作為遮光塗料的塗佈組合物其黏度小於20cP,例如小於或等於10cP且大於0cP。上述負型感光光阻包括組成重量比為5-40wt%之多官能基單體。這些多官能基單體含有兩個以上之碳碳雙鍵。舉例來說,多官能基單體可為丙烯酸酯類單體如乙二醇基二丙烯酸甲酯(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)、1,4-丁二醇基二丙烯酸酯(1,4-butanediol diacrylate)、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(diethylene glycol diacrylate)、異戊四醇基三丙烯酸酯(pentaerythritol triacrylate)、異戊四乙醚基三丙烯酸酯(ethoxylated pentaerythritol triacrylate)、二異戊四醇基五丙烯酸酯(dipentaetrythritol pentaacrylate)、異戊四乙醚基四丙烯酸酯
(ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate)、異戊四醇基四丙烯酸酯((pentaerythritol tetraacrylate)、二異戊四醇基六丙烯酸酯(dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate)、或其他合適之丙烯酸酯。
負型感光光阻亦包含20-60wt%之黏著劑,以與多官能基單體交聯形成網狀結構。黏著劑之重均分子量介於3000-100000,且平均聚合度介於1.2-4.3。在一實施例中,黏著劑之重均分子量介於6000-40000,且平均聚合度介於1.2-3.8。黏著劑為水溶性黏著劑或鹼溶性黏著劑,且酸基單體之莫耳比介於10-50%,或介於15-30%。黏著劑亦具有與上述多官能基單體交聯之不飽和酯類,使黏著劑具有塗佈性、與基材之附著性、與夠高之玻璃轉換溫度。不飽和酯類包括丙烯酸甲酯如甲基丙烯酸甲酯(methyl methacrylate)、甲苯基甲基丙烯酸酯(benzyl methacrylate)、乙基丙烯酸甲酯(ethyl methacrylate)、2-羥基乙基丙烯酸甲酯(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)、羥基丙基丙烯酸甲酯(hydroxypropyl methacrylate)、異丁基丙烯酸甲酯(isobutyl methacrylate)、其他合適之丙烯酸甲酯;或丙烯酸酯類如甲基丙烯酸酯(methyl acrylate)、甲苯基丙烯酸酯(benzyl acrylate)、乙基丙烯酸酯(ethyl acrylate)、2-羥基乙基丙烯酸酯(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)、羥基丙基丙烯酸酯(hydroxylpropyl acrylate)、異丁基丙烯酸酯(isobutyl acrylate)、或其他合適之丙烯酸酯。
上述黏著劑與多官能基單體交聯的方式為自由基聚合,包括熱聚合、光聚合、或上述之組合。感光起始劑係感光波長低於400奈米之紫外線。感光起始劑可占負型感光光阻
0.1-10wt%,包括:苯乙酮類如2-甲基-1-(4-(甲基硫醇基)苯基-2-嗎林基丙基酮(2-methyl-1-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2-morpholino-propane)、1-羥基環己基苯基酮(1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone)、二苯乙氧基酮(diethoxyacetophenone)、2-羥基2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙基-1-酮(2-hydroxy-2-nethyl-1-phenyl-propane-1-one)、2-甲苯基-2-(二甲基胺基)-1-[4-(嗎林基)苯基]-1-丁基-1-酮(2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-1-butanone)、其他合適之苯乙酮;安息香類如安息香(benzoin)、安息香甲基醚(benzoin methyl ether)、其他合適之安息香;二苯基酮類如二苯基酮(benzophenone)、4-苯基二苯基酮(4-phenyl benzophenone)、羥基二苯基酮(hydroxyl benzophenone)、或其他合適之二苯基酮;噻吨酮類如異丙基噻吨酮(isopropyl thioxanthone)、2-氯基噻吨酮(2-chlorothioxanthone)、或其他合適之噻吨酮;蒽醌類如2-乙基蒽醌(2-ethylanthraquinone)、或其他合適之蒽醌。上述之光起始劑除可單一使用外,亦可混合使用以得到較快之感光速度,比如異丙基噻吨酮混合2-甲苯基-2-(二甲基胺基)-1-[4-(嗎林基)苯基]-1-丁基-1-酮。
感熱起始劑之熱裂解溫度介於30-200℃。感熱起始劑可占負型感光光阻之0.01-1wt%,包括偶氮類如2,2’-偶氮二雙(2,4-二甲基正戊腈)(2,2’-azobis(2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile))、二甲基-2,2’-偶氮雙(2-丙酸甲酯)(dimethyl 2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropionate)、2,2-偶氮雙異丁腈(2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile,以下簡稱AIBN)、2,2-偶氮雙(2-甲
基異丁腈)(2,2-azobis(2-methylisobutyronitrile))、1,1’-偶氮雙(環己烷-1-腈)1,1’-azobis(cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile))、2,2’-偶氮雙[N-2-丙基-2-甲基丙醯胺](2,2’-azobis[N-(2-propenyl)-2-methylpropionamide])、1-[(氰基-1-甲基乙基)-偶氮基]甲醯胺(1-[(cyano-1-methylethyl)azo]formamide)、2,2’-偶氮雙(N-丁基-2-甲基丙醯胺)(2,2’-azobis(N-butyl-2-methylpropionamide))、2,2’-偶氮雙(N-環己基-2-甲基丙醯胺)(2,2’-azobis(N-cyclohexyl-2-methylpropionamide)、或其他合適之偶氮類起始劑;過氧化物類包括苯甲醯基過氧化物(benzoyl peroxide)、1,1-雙(第三丁基過氧基)環己烷(1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane)、2,5-雙(第三丁基過氧基)-2,5-二甲基環己烷(2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylcyclohexane)、2,5-雙(第三丁基過氧基)-2,5-二甲基-3-環己炔(2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-3-cyclohexyne)、雙(1-(第三丁基過氧基)-1-甲基乙基)苯(bis(1-(tert-butylpeorxy)-1-methy-ethyl)benzene)、第三丁基過氧化氫(tert-butyl hydroperoxide)、第三丁基過氧化物(tert-butyl peroxide)、第三丁基過氧基苯甲酸(tert-butyl peroxybenzoate)、茴香基過氧化氫(Cumene hydroperoxide)、環己酮基過氧化物(cyclohexanone peroxide)、二茴香基過氧化物(dicumyl peroxide)、月桂基過氧化物(lauroyl peroxide)、或其他合適之過氧化物。上述之熱起始劑除可單一使用外,亦可混
合使用,端視需要而定。
除了上述之多官能基單體、黏著劑、與起始劑外,本發明之負型感光光阻之組成可更包括1-10wt%之添加物如硬化加速劑、介面活性劑、流平劑、消泡劑、硬質填充劑、或接著促進劑。
為了讓本揭露上述內容和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉數實施例作詳細說明如下:
實施例
在下述實施例中,粒徑量測係使用高濃度粒徑、Zeta電位及分子量儀(Malvern Zetasizer nanov5(Nano ZS))。碳黑形態分析係使用小角度X光散射儀(Bruker Nanostar SAXS)。黏度量測係使用黏度計(BROOKFIELD LVDV-Ⅱ+P)。
製備例
製備例1 (奈米研磨法碳黑微細化處理)
首先秤取適量裸碳黑材料(MOGULL,購自Cabot),以THF清洗數次後烘乾以除去碳黑表面之污物。接著以十二烷基硫酸鈉(sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),購自ACROS)做為分散劑,配製碳黑/SDS/水之分散液(固含量約13wt%),接著進行控溫攪拌(50rpm/30min),再將分散液倒入奈米研磨機(Just Nano,JBM-B035(BatchType),選用鋯珠0.1mm)的研磨槽中,以進行奈米研磨微細化處理。在研磨溫度(20℃)下先以低轉速研磨(500rpm),然後逐步調高轉速至2000rpm,直到粒徑不再劇烈變動為止。微細化之碳黑水溶液經離心分離後以甲醇清洗數次,透過減壓乾燥即形成微細化碳黑。上述微細化碳黑之平均
粒徑約為109nm、質量碎形維度(mass-fractal dimension,Dm)為2.3,且表面碎形維度(surface-fractal dimension,Ds)約為2.0,顯示經過研磨微細化之碳黑具有緊密碎形聚集體與十分光滑之表面。
製備例2 (負型感光光阻液)
(1)壓克力黏著劑製備
首先取160g之單甲基醚丙二醇乙酸酯(propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate,簡稱PGMEA,購自Sigma-Aldrich)置於4公升反應瓶內,於氮氣下加熱至90℃,以350rpm之速率攪拌。接著按計量混合0.8g之偶氮二異丁腈(azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN),購自Showa)、0.81g之硫醇(thiol,購自Sigma-Aldrich)、60.01g之甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯(benzyl methacrylate(BzMa),購自Sigma)、26g之甲基丙烯酸(methyl acrylic acid(MAA),購自Sigma-Aldrich)、10g之2-羥基乙基丙烯酸甲酯(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(2-HEMA),購自Sigma-Aldrich)、40.02g之甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Methyl Methacrylate(MMA))、以及40g之PGMEA後,將此混合物逐步滴入反應瓶中的PGMEA內,滴完後反應2小時,即得壓克力黏著劑溶液,其固體含量為38.72%。
(2)光阻液配製
取300g之壓克力黏著劑溶液、50g之二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯(dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate(DPHA),購自Sartomer)及20g之光起始劑OXE-02(購自CIBA),共同溶於300g之PGMEA與異丙醇(IPA)之共溶劑中(w/w=9/1)即製得光阻液,其黏度為5.94
cP。
實施例1 (混成碳黑CB-LMA)
取200g去離子水、2.12g之微細化碳黑(由製備例1所得)、與2.78g之SDS置入250mL之反應瓶中並攪拌混合以配製碳黑分散液。接著取0.18g之AIBN(購自Showa/純度99%)、2.21g之甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯(lauryl methacrylate(LMA),購自Aldrich)、21.1g之苯乙烯(購自ACROS)、與0.38g之1,2-二乙烯基苯(1,2-divinylbenzene(DVB),購自TCI)置於另一燒杯中,攪拌成均一相後,直接倒入碳黑分散液中混合。之後在氮氣下加熱上述混合物至65℃並於65℃下反應1小時,再升溫至75℃並於75℃下反應16小時,即得混成碳黑分散液,且碳黑表面包覆有高分子膜。上述高分子膜具有網狀交聯之高分子主鏈如(苯乙烯-DVB-LMA)共聚物,且LMA形成的分散側鏈如長烷基鍵結至高分子主鏈。上述混成碳黑分散液之固含量為15.7wt%,且混成碳黑之平均粒徑為107nm。接著純化與乾燥混成碳黑如下:將混成碳黑分散液與甲醇混合後分批裝入離心瓶中,再將離心瓶置入離心機(HERMLE Z300)中並以轉速4500rpm離心10分鐘以進行離心分離。接著取出上層液,再重新填入新鮮甲醇後再次離心分離。上述離心清洗步驟重複數次,直到離心瓶底部之固體的Zeta電位值接近零(所使用的儀器為Malvern Zetasizer nanov5(Nano ZS)),即SDS已被清洗乾淨。最後將清洗完全之混成碳黑從離心瓶底部取出並減壓濃縮乾燥,即得到粉狀的混成碳黑(簡稱CB-LMA),其中高分子膜中單體之莫耳比為:苯乙烯/DVB=70/1,苯乙烯/LMA=23/1。
實施例1-1 (CB-LMA混成碳黑分散液)
將實施例1所得之混成碳黑以顏料分散法方式配製碳黑分散液。首先,取4g之混成碳黑(CB-LMA)、4g之分散劑(BYK 191)、與20g之有機溶劑(PGMEA)放入已裝入1/2磨罐體積之0.05mm直徑鋯球之PE磨罐中,並以球磨機進行混合分散,以得混成碳黑分散液。混成碳黑分散液之總固含量為28.6wt%,且碳黑固含量為15wt%。經Zeta表面電位監測(使用儀器為Malvern Zetasizer nanov5(Nano ZS)),顯示混成碳黑分散液之zeta表面電位十分接近零。上述混成碳黑分散液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為206nm,且混成碳黑分散液的黏度為14.4cP。
實施例1-2 (CB-LMA黑色光阻液)
將實施例1所得之混成碳黑以顏料分散法方式配製黑色光阻液。首先,取4g之混成碳黑(CB-LMA)與20g之負型感光光阻液放入已裝入1/2磨罐體積之0.05mm直徑鋯球之PE磨罐中,並以球磨機進行混合分散,以得黑色光阻液,其總固含量為30wt%,且混成碳黑固含量為15wt%。黑色光阻液中混成碳黑之平均粒徑為228nm。當黏度計轉速為50rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為8.88cP。當黏度計轉速為20rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為9.00cP。
實施例2
與實施例1類似,差別在於將苯乙烯/DVB之莫耳比調整至100/1,其餘起始物之用量製程步驟參數均與實施例1相同。
接著以實施例1-2的方法調配CB-LMA之黑色光阻液。實施例2之黑色光阻液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為245
nm。當黏度計轉速為50rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為8.23cP。當黏度計轉速為20rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為9.18cP。
實施例3
與實施例1類似,差別在於將苯乙烯/LMA之莫耳比調整至17/1,其餘起始物之用量製程步驟參數均與實施例1相同。
接著以實施例1-2的方法調配CB-LMA之黑色光阻液。實施例3之黑色光阻液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為238nm。當黏度計轉速為50rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為7.9cP。當黏度計轉速為20rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為8.56cP。
上述實施例1至3之混成碳黑CB-LMA調配之黑色光阻液的性質比較如第1表所示:
實施例4 (混成碳黑CB-HA)
取200g去離子水、2.0g之微細化碳黑(由製備例1所得)、與2.78g之SDS置入250mL之反應瓶中並攪拌混合以配製碳黑分散液。接著取0.12g之AIBN、1.38g之丙烯酸正己脂(Hexyl acrylate(HA),購自Aldrich)、21.05g之苯乙烯、與0.38g之DVB置於另一燒杯中,攪拌成均一相後,直接倒入碳黑分散液中混合。之後在氮氣下加熱上述混合物至65℃並於65℃下反應1小
時,再升溫至75℃並於75℃下反應16小時,即得混成碳黑分散液,且碳黑表面包覆有高分子膜。上述高分子膜具有網狀交聯之高分子主鏈如(苯乙烯-DVB-HA)共聚物,且HA形成的分散側鏈如長烷基鍵結至高分子主鏈。上述混成碳黑分散液之固含量為9.58wt%,且混成碳黑之平均粒徑為99nm。接著純化與乾燥混成碳黑(如實施例1),即得到粉狀的混成碳黑(簡稱CB-HA),其中高分子膜中單體之莫耳比為:苯乙烯/DVB=70/1,苯乙烯/HA=23/1。
實施例4-1 (CB-HA混成碳黑分散液)
與實施例1-1類似,差別在將CB-LMA置換為CB-HA。實施例4-1之混成碳黑分散液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為178nm,且混成碳黑分散液的黏度為22.1cP。
實施例4-2 (CB-HA黑色光阻液)
與實施例1-2類似,差別在將CB-LMA置換為CB-HA。實施例4-2之黑色光阻液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為200nm。當黏度計轉速為50rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為15.0cP。當黏度計轉速為20rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為19.0cP。
實施例5 (混成碳黑CB-HMA)
取200g去離子水、2.0g之微細化碳黑(由製備例1所得)、與2.78g之SDS置入250mL之反應瓶中並攪拌混合以配製碳黑分散液。接著取0.12g之AIBN、1.44g之甲基丙烯酸正己脂(Hexyl methacrylate(HMA),購自Aldrich)、21.05g之苯乙烯、與0.38g之DVB置於另一燒杯中,攪拌成均一相後,直接倒入碳黑分散液中混合。之後在氮氣下加熱上述混合物至65℃並於65℃下反
應1小時,再升溫至75℃並於75℃下反應16小時,即得混成碳黑分散液,且碳黑表面包覆有高分子膜。上述高分子膜具有網狀交聯之高分子主鏈如(苯乙烯-DVB-HMA)共聚物,且HMA形成的分散側鏈如長烷基鍵結至高分子主鏈。上述混成碳黑分散液之固含量為8.1wt%,且混成碳黑之平均粒徑為120nm。接著純化與乾燥混成碳黑(如實施例1),即得到粉狀的混成碳黑(簡稱CB-HMA),其中高分子膜中單體之莫耳比為:苯乙烯/DVB=70/1,苯乙烯/HMA=23/1。
實施例5-1 (CB-HMA混成碳黑分散液)
與實施例1-1類似,差別在將CB-LMA置換為CB-HMA。實施例5-1之混成碳黑分散液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為163nm,且混成碳黑分散液的黏度為23cP。
實施例5-2 (CB-HMA黑色光阻液)
與實施例1-2類似,差別在將CB-LMA置換為CB-HMA。實施例5-2之黑色光阻液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為182.2nm。黏度計轉速為50rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為15.2cP。當黏度計轉速為20rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為17.8cP。
比較例1 混成碳黑(CB-LA)
取100g去離子水、1.0g之微細化碳黑(由製備例1所得)、與1.4g之SDS置入250mL之反應瓶中並攪拌混合以配製碳黑分散液。接著取0.054g之AIBN、1.02g之丙烯酸月桂酯(lauryl acrylate(LA),購自Aldrich)、10.63g之苯乙烯(購自ACROS)、與0.19g之DVB置於另一燒杯中,攪拌成均一相後,直接倒入碳黑分散液中混合。之後在氮氣下加熱上述混合物至65℃並於
65℃下反應1小時,再升溫至75℃並於75℃下反應16小時,即得混成碳黑分散液,且碳黑表面包覆有高分子膜。上述高分子膜具有網狀交聯之高分子主鏈如(苯乙烯-DVB-LA)共聚物,且LA形成的分散側鏈如長烷基鍵結至高分子主鏈。上述混成碳黑分散液之固含量為11.34wt%,且混成碳黑之平均粒徑為92nm。接著純化與乾燥混成碳黑(如實施例1),即得到粉狀的混成碳黑(簡稱CB-LA),其中高分子膜中單體之莫耳比為:苯乙烯/DVB=70/1,苯乙烯/LA=23/1。
比較例1-1 (CB-LA混成碳黑分散液)
與實施例1-1類似,差別在將CB-LMA置換為CB-LA。比較例1-1之混成碳黑分散液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為277nm,且混成碳黑分散液的黏度為21.3cP。
比較例1-2 (CB-LA黑色光阻液)
與實施例1-2類似,差別在將CB-LMA置換為CB-LA。比較例1-2之黑色光阻液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為257nm。當黏度計轉速為50rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為49.1cP。當黏度計轉速為20rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為75.4cP。
比較例2 混成碳黑(CB-SMA)
取200g去離子水、2.0g之微細化碳黑(由製備例1所得)、與2.78g之SDS置入250mL之反應瓶中並攪拌混合以配製碳黑分散液。接著取0.12g之AIBN、2.99g之甲基丙烯酸硬脂酯(Stearyl methacrylate(SMA),購自Aldrich)、21.05g之苯乙烯(購自ACROS)、與0.38g之DVB置於另一燒杯中,攪拌成均一相後,直接倒入碳黑分散液中混合。之後在氮氣下加熱上述混合物至
65℃並於65℃下反應1小時,再升溫至75℃並於75℃下反應16小時,即得混成碳黑分散液,且碳黑表面包覆有高分子膜。上述高分子膜具有網狀交聯之高分子主鏈如(苯乙烯-DVB-SMA)共聚物,且SMA形成的分散側鏈如長烷基鍵結至高分子主鏈。上述混成碳黑分散液之固含量為8.05wt%,且混成碳黑之平均粒徑為106nm。接著純化與乾燥混成碳黑(如實施例1),即得到粉狀的混成碳黑(簡稱CB-SMA),其中高分子膜中單體之莫耳比為:苯乙烯/DVB=70/1,苯乙烯/SMA=23/1。
比較例2-1 (CB-SMA混成碳黑分散液)
與實施例1-1類似,差別在將CB-LMA置換為CB-SMA。比較例2-1之混成碳黑分散液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為255nm,且混成碳黑分散液的黏度為32.4cP。
比較例2-2 (CB-SMA黑色光阻液)
與實施例1-2類似,差別在將CB-LMA置換為CB-SMA。比較例2-2之黑色光阻液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為279.3nm。當黏度計轉速為50rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為58.3cP。當黏度計轉速為20rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為89.4cP。
比較例3
取200g去離子水、2.12g之微細化碳黑(由製備例1所得)、與2.78g之SDS置入250mL之反應瓶中並攪拌混合以配製碳黑分散液。接著以實施例1-2的方法調配碳黑之黑色光阻液。比較例3之黑色光阻液中的混成碳黑其平均粒徑為185.4nm。當黏度計轉速為50rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為106.5cP。當黏度計轉速為20rpm時,黑色光阻液之黏度為106.5cP。
上述實施例1、實施例4、實施例5、比較例1、比較例2、與比較例3之黑色光阻液的性質比較如第2表所示:
雖然本揭露已以數個實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本揭露,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本揭露之精神和範圍內,當可作任意之更動與潤飾,因此本揭露之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
10‧‧‧混成碳黑
11‧‧‧碳黑核心
13‧‧‧高分子膜
13A‧‧‧網狀交聯之高分子主鏈
13B‧‧‧分散側鏈
Claims (9)
- 一種混成碳黑,包括:一碳黑核心;以及一高分子膜,包覆該碳黑核心之所有表面,其中該高分子膜包含網狀交聯之多個高分子主鏈,以及多個分散側鏈鍵結至該些高分子主鏈,其中該些分散側鏈來自於丙烯酸酯系單體,且丙烯酸酯系單體之結構如下:
當n=6時,R1為H或CH3;以及當n=8-14時,R1為CH3,其中該高分子膜與該碳黑核心的重量比介於5:1至30:1之間。 - 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之混成碳黑,其中該些高分子膜係由苯乙烯系單體、交聯劑、與丙烯酸酯系單體共聚而成。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之混成碳黑,其中苯乙烯系單體與交聯劑之莫耳比介於70:1至100:1之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之混成碳黑,其中苯乙烯系單體與丙烯酸酯系單體之莫耳比介於17:1至23:1之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之混成碳黑,其中該高分子膜之膜厚與該碳黑核心的粒徑比介於0.5:1至1.5:1之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之混成碳黑,其粒徑介於40nm至150nm之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之混成碳黑,其中該碳黑核心之質量碎形維度介於2至3之間,且該碳黑核心之表面碎形維度介於2至2.5之間。
- 一種塗佈組合物,包括:申請專利範圍第1項所述之混成碳黑;以及溶劑,且該混成碳黑的固含量介於15至30wt%。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之塗佈組合物,更包含一光阻。
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| TW200619757A (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-06-16 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Black matrix composition, black matrix prepared using the same, method of forming a black matrix pattern using the same and method of manufacturing a color filter substrate using the same |
| TW201525078A (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 混成碳黑、及包含其之塗佈組合物與遮光材料 |
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| US6458458B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2002-10-01 | Cabot Corporation | Polymer coated carbon products and other pigments and methods of making same by aqueous media polymerizations or solvent coating methods |
| US6372349B1 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2002-04-16 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | High-resistivity carbon black |
| DE19961304A1 (de) | 1999-12-18 | 2001-06-21 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Lasermarkierbare Kunststoffe |
| JP2004233838A (ja) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-19 | Canon Inc | 電気泳動表示素子及びその製造方法 |
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| CN1996144A (zh) * | 2006-01-05 | 2007-07-11 | 长春人造树脂厂股份有限公司 | 印刷电路板电镀通孔的塞孔油墨组合物及印刷电路板的制法 |
| US7544418B2 (en) | 2006-07-31 | 2009-06-09 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Polymer-encapsulated pigments and associated methods |
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| TW201525078A (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 混成碳黑、及包含其之塗佈組合物與遮光材料 |
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