TWI555843B - 製備可高效價生產所欲分子之基因轉形酵母菌之方法 - Google Patents
製備可高效價生產所欲分子之基因轉形酵母菌之方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明主題係指藉由至少4種表現匣之多拷貝整合作用以便製備可高效價生產所欲分子之基改酵母菌的方法。本發明主題亦為根據該方法所轉形之酵母菌,及其用於生產氫化可體松之用途。
因為麵包酵母菌(釀酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae))具有與哺乳動物相關的真核細胞特徵,因此可選擇作為用以生產重組蛋白之宿主生物體,該等特徵包括經合成蛋白之轉譯後修飾(諸如乙醯化、磷酸化及醣化),另亦因其具有基因操控的容易性、基因組序列之可獲性、大規模發酵此類微生物的方法之控制及對人類、動物或植物不具危險(歸類為公認安全物質(GRAS;Generally Recognized As Safe))。此等特徵已使其成為廣泛用於食品加工產業及最近醫藥領域之精選生物體。
釀酒酵母菌憑藉其在自然狀態下具有合成各種代謝產物(諸如酵素、有機酸、多糖或感官化合物)之能力,因而可用以生產具有多樣工業用途之化合物。特定言之,多種內源性脂肪酸及甾醇可用以生產美容學上的製劑或醫藥學上的製劑,諸如自麥角甾醇(ergosterol)所產生之維生素原D2。內源性甾醇化合物亦為釀酒酵母菌株經遺傳工程處理後可獲得之異源分子前軀體。實例包括紫杉二烯-5-乙醯氧
基-10-醇(紫杉醇前軀體)、青蒿酸(隸屬於抗瘧疾劑組合物部份之化合物)及類固醇激素。
氫化可體松經上市後逾50年後,仍因其具有消炎特性而可作為治療分子之用或作為類固醇衍生物質之合成中間體之用。
類固醇生產一般與包括生物轉化作用及若干化學合成步驟等昂貴且具污染性萃取或合成方法具有關聯性。業已追求較低廉替代方法的開發。
此方法之開發始於1990年代,該方法與使用基改釀酒酵母菌株有關。理念證據係在1999年證明,且隨後得到確認(WO 02/061109;Ménard Szczebara等人.,2003)。酵母菌經改造以表現若干異質性蛋白及使若干內源性蛋白不活化,以消除寄生反應。此等經改造酵母菌株可藉由自單一碳源發酵作用,經由此生物體內所重組的哺乳動物生物合成途極生產出氫化可體松(Brocard-Masson及Dumas,2006;Dumas B.等人,2006)。
然而,該等最早的酵母菌株顯示生產氫化可體松之能力低,且因此不能滿足工業生產之需求。
增加菌株生產率的一個策略是改良將異質性基因導入至酵母菌細胞中的轉形方法。轉形方法典型地是根據合適方法伴隨挑選出最佳的經轉形菌株。
在所提及的酵母菌株轉形作用的傳統方法之中,特別是
指由Ito等人(1983),或由Klebe等人(1983)所建議者。在以線性DNA片段進行轉形作用的特定情況中,較佳係使用諸如由Becker及Lundblad(2001)所建議之原生質球轉形作用技術。
為了增加蛋白質表現,一種策略係將若干拷貝的所欲基因導入至酵母菌株中。典型地,酵母菌載體會自主性地複製含有編碼選擇標記之基因及2 μm酵母菌複製起點之質體(Broach,1983),該2 μm起點會使得該多拷貝質體存在於每個細胞中。利用選擇壓力將質體保留在細胞中(即,將細胞培養於化學性限定培養基中,如此只有帶有選擇標記之質體的細胞方可生長)。
然而,自主性複製、高拷貝數載體的使用並不適用於使用複雜原料之某些工業生產方法。除此之外,可選殖至此類質體載體上之基因數目通常受限於2個或3個表現匣,因為質體大小會影響轉形作用及複製作用之效率。
另一策略業已由Lopes等人(1989及1991)所提出。該策略包括建構用以多重整合至酵母菌核糖體DNA中之多重整合載體(稱為pMIRY2),其靶向釀酒酵母菌基因組之核糖體DNA(rDNA)。將經由pMIRY2質體所攜帶的待表現之所欲基因插入至位於染色體XII上由約100至200串聯重複單元組成之核糖體DNA中。開始時其係以低拷貝數整合於rDNA基因座,然後可藉由施予強力選擇壓力加以擴增(Lopes等人.,1991)。
然而,將多拷貝質體整合至核糖體DNA中亦有侷限性:
此方法僅描述隨著選擇標記同時發生之單一所欲基因的導入。
因此,結合經由2 μm複製質體之多拷貝基因的導入與經由整合質體穩定性整合基因之導入的優點,以便能夠有效率地使若干蛋白質共同表現係有助益的。
本發明人已證實,藉由穩定多拷貝整合所欲基因之至少4種表現匣,可得到適用於產業規模生產之高效價生產所欲分子之酵母菌。因此,利用本發明可實現每一基因係以多拷貝數存在之至少4種不同基因之高含量表現。
本發明提供一種經穩定性多拷貝整合至少4種表現匣後獲得之高效價生產所欲分子之酵母菌之簡單且快速方法。多拷貝整合經過最佳轉形菌株的挑選後,可以讓所欲的轉殖基因能夠高含量表現。
此一方法藉由提供酵母菌相同代謝途徑或不同代謝途徑之各種基因而得以可能改良酵母菌。酵母菌經改造後,即可獲得將內源性分子或外源性物質轉化成所欲分子之能力。因此,此一經轉形酵母菌可作為用以生產所欲分子(包括重組蛋白)之定製生物工具。
根據本發明一個特定主題係一種藉由施用根據本發明之方法所得到之酵母菌,其可以表現3β-羥基類固醇脫氫酶(3β-HSD)、類固醇11β-羥化酶(亦稱P450c11(CYP11B1))、細胞色素P450側鏈裂解酶(或P450scc)(CYP11A1)及皮質鐵氧還蛋白(ADX)。一種除表現上述4種基因外,還可表現甾
醇△7-還原酶、類固醇17α-羥化酶(CYP17A1)及類固醇21-羥化酶(CYP21A1)之酵母菌可用以將內源性甾醇轉化成氫化可體松。
本發明主題係一種用以製備可高效價生產所欲分子之經基因轉形酵母菌之方法,該方法包括:(i)穩定多拷貝整合至少4種表現匣,然後(ii)挑選出最佳生產者之酵母菌。
根據本發明之穩定多拷貝整合至少4種表現匣之步驟係基於2種整合質體之共同轉形作用,每一整合質體包括至少2種所欲轉殖基因之表現匣及視情況選擇之選擇標記。
片語「表現匣」(亦稱為「轉殖基因」)意指包括見於經轉形酵母菌株之內源性DNA序列、未見於經轉形酵母菌株之外源性DNA序列,及結合內源性及外源性DNA序列之異質性DNA序列。表現匣可包括基因表現所必要之側翼元件,包括啟動子及/或終止子。為確保酵母菌之良好表現,該啟動子或終止子可以選自源自酵母菌之序列。可使用之啟動子包括衍生自與糖解作用有關基因之啟動子,諸如:PGK基因(編碼3-磷酸甘油酸激酶)之啟動子、GAPDH(TDH3)基因(編碼甘油醛3-磷酸去氫酶)之啟動子、ADH1基因(編碼乙醇去氫酶1)之啟動子、ENO1基因(編碼烯醇酶1)之啟動子,或TPI1基因(編碼磷酸丙糖異構酶)之啟動子。
亦可使用誘導型啟動子,包括:受半乳糖調控之GAL基因之一之啟動子或GAL10/CYC1雜合啟動子、由氧調控並受葡萄糖抑制之CYC1基因(編碼異-1-細胞色素c,一種粒
線體電子轉運體)之啟動子、MET25基因(編碼O-乙醯基高絲胺酸(硫醇)裂解酶)之甲硫胺酸阻遏啟動子、MET3基因(編碼ATP硫酸化酶)之甲硫胺酸誘導啟動子、CUP1基因(編碼銅螯合蛋白)之銅誘導啟動子、及受高濃度銅抑制並受低濃度銅誘導之CTR1及CTR3基因(編碼膜銅轉運體)之啟動子。
亦可使用TEF1基因(編碼轉錄延伸因子)之啟動子,及PMA1基因(編碼膜質子轉運體ATP酶)之啟動子。
可使用之終止子包括NCP1、PGK、ADH1,及其它內源性酵母菌終止子。
術語「標記」意指為任何可用於酵母菌之選擇標記,例如營養缺陷型標記(諸如URA3、ADE2、HIS3、LEU2、TRP1或LYS2),及抗藥性標記(諸如抗諾爾斯菌素(nourseothricin)之natMX、抗潮黴素(hygromycin)之hphMX基因)或慶大黴素(G418)之KanMX基因)。
此等標記可出現在質體上,以確保菌株係被該質體成功轉形。營養缺陷型標記可挑選出選擇標記基因之表現,而得以排除掉丟失該質體之酵母菌。
術語「複製起點」意指允許被酵母菌識別並複製之質體序列,雖然其係以環狀形式存在於酵母菌中。源自酵母菌染色體外之內源性環狀質體之2μ型複製起點或ARS CEN複製起點(由染色體ARS複製起點序列之一及CEN著絲點序列之一所組成)可用於酵母菌中。
經由整合質體或經由自主性複製質體,可將表現匣導入
至酵母菌中。
術語「整合質體」意指為使用較佳包括一選擇標記及針對所欲基因之至少一種表現匣之DNA序列。整合質體在轉形至酵母菌之前,先使整合質體線性化,以便讓其序列插入至釀酒酵母菌基因組區域中。
術語「自主性複製質體」意指為一種表現系統,該系統包括:酵母菌2 μ複製起點、一或兩種選擇標記及所欲基因之至少一種表現匣。轉形至酵母菌後,此類載體仍以雙股環狀DNA型態維持在染色體外狀態,在酵母菌細胞核中自主性地複製(換言之,其並不整合至酵母菌基因組中)。
根據本發明方法係以至少2種不同整合質體同時轉形酵母菌為基礎。因此,稱其為「共同轉形」。該方法具有簡單且快速之優勢,因為單一步驟即完成多拷貝整合。
術語「多拷貝整合」意指為相同序列至少2個拷貝之整合。當進行根據本發明方法時,所整合之拷貝數量可於2至20變化,較佳5至20,甚至更佳8至20。
根據本發明方法第二步驟包括挑選出最佳轉形菌株(即彼等高效價表現所欲分子者),其係以兩階段完成。
在挑選方法之第一階段中,藉由檢測表現匣之存在,或當可選擇標記存在時,藉由該選擇標記之表型觀察,挑選轉殖基因已整合至基因組中的菌株。挑選足夠數量的轉形菌株。足夠數量至少達30個選殖體;在一個實施例中,挑選出至少40個選殖體;在另一實施例中,挑選出至少50個選殖體。這是因為已證實藉由根據本發明方法所得轉形菌
株群體之生產力水平極不均一。因此,為能篩選高產量選殖體,有必要從龐大群體開始。如慣例作法,僅篩選約10個選殖體或更少,不能最有效挑選出最佳生產者。該態樣於實例中證實。
在挑選方法之第二階段中,係藉由測試(通常為功能測試)挑選出最佳生產菌株。
該功能測試通常係基於菌株生產力及產生所欲分子之純度。確實,當尋求篩選具有工業化必要特性之菌株時,該兩種準則缺一不可。
術語「菌株生產力」意指其生產大量所欲分子之能力。
術語「生產所欲分子之純度」意指生產所欲分子相對於與其產生相關之中間體或雜質副產物之比例。所欲分子必須能自該等產物分離。
此功能測試可根據熟習此項技術者所知之技術進行。為定量酵母菌轉形菌株產生之所欲分子,可使用適當分析方法篩選酵母菌轉形菌株,包括西方墨點法、ELISA分析、比色試驗、微生物測試、液相或氣相色譜法等。為定量酵素的產生,可測定培養基中酵素的活性。通常可藉由色譜測試評估純度。
藉由根據本發明方法所得到之最佳轉形菌株具有比藉由轉形自主性複製質體之傳統方法所得到之轉形菌株高至少+30%之生產力。此生產力之提升從工業角度上來說係極為顯著,更為有助益的是由於純度方面的品質與藉由傳統轉形作用所得到者相當。
對轉形菌株群體進行統計分析顯示,至少2種整合質體之共同轉形作用是相當罕見的情況。從實務的角度看,此意味著有必要篩選龐大群體,以便鑑別出具有最高量生產(即最高效價)之轉形菌株。
分子研究已證實整合係以多重拷貝發生,且該整合係穩定的。
因此,根據本發明方法得以解決一個常見的問題,也就是解決難以得到高效價生產菌株的問題。該解決方案包括將若干轉殖基因穩定整合於同一酵母菌之簡單且快速方法。
本發明方法可用以引入對酵母菌而言係為內源性基因或外源性基因,端看所需目的而定。
該等應用包括:(i)藉由酵母菌從簡單碳源(諸如葡萄糖或乙醇)生物合成隸屬於代謝途徑一部分之酵素,其-當該酵素具有侷限性時為內源性;舉例而言,用以產生甾醇或甾醇前驅體之HMG1及ERG1,-藉由組合轉殖基因以產生新代謝途徑之外源性基因;舉例言之,用於產生青蒿酸之CYP71A1或用於產生紫杉醇之細胞色素P450紫杉醇羥化酶。
該系統亦可用於藉由生物轉化之生產;(ii)直接生產作為所欲分子之重組蛋白;舉例言之,任何意欲產生高含量之蛋白質(諸如轉化酶等等),或可彼此相互作用之蛋白質(諸如免疫球蛋白之重鏈及輕鏈)。
該方法可用於各種酵母菌株,特定言之為釀酒酵母菌及嗜甲醇酵母菌(Pichia pastoris)及乳酸克魯維酵母菌(Kluyveromyces lactis)。
在一個較佳實施例中,係將先前所述方法應用於類固醇/氫化可體松之生產。為此,第一質體包括3β-HSD及P450c11酵素之表現匣,而第二質體包括P450scc及ADX酵素之表現匣;以轉形株產生類固醇/氫化可體松之能力,挑選出已整合4種轉殖基因之菌株。基於所產生氫化可體松之含量直接測量生產率,且基於氫化可體松相對於總類固醇之百分比來評估純度。
製備產生氫化可體松菌株係描述於以下實例中。
本發明另一主題包括藉由根據本發明方法直接所獲得之產氫化可體松之經轉形菌株。
本發明亦係關於該等菌株於產生氫化可體松上之用途,另外及係關於一種用以產生氫化可體松之方法,該方法在於根據本發明培養經轉形之菌株。
pFM10質體具有4種表現匣及2種「營養缺陷型」選擇標記:一種是牛來源以其成熟形式存在之P450scc異質性基因的表現匣(CYP11A1),即不含粒線體標的序列;一種是牛來源以其成熟形式存在之ADX異質性基因的表現匣;一
種是「營養缺陷型」選擇標記URA3;一種是牛來源3βHSD異質性基因之表現匣;一種是P450c11嵌合異質性基因之表現匣(CYP11B1);及一種是「營養缺陷型」選擇標記ADE2。pFM10質體亦含有阿拉伯芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的2條短序列R1及R2(分別為SEQ ID No.1及SEQ ID No.2)。
製備質體:缺乏大腸桿菌複製起點之pFM10質體係在釀酒酵母菌菌株w303中進行擴增加以製備的。利用如Becker及Lundblad(2001)所述用以操縱釀酒酵母菌為熟習此項技術者所熟知之方法,自經預處理得到原生質球之w303 pFM10菌株提取質體並純化。
使用針對3βHSD異質性基因具有特異性的寡核苷酸(SEQ ID No.3及SEQ ID No.4)進行PCR擴增作用,以確認該提取作用之效率及品質。
轉形作用:藉由用於轉形釀酒酵母菌之傳統方法,以pFM10環狀質體轉形BYM16菌株(其為腺嘌呤及尿嘧啶之營養缺陷體),可產生良好的轉形效率。
初篩:此直接篩選係在選擇性培養基(即缺乏營養缺陷酵母菌所需組份之培養基)上挑選出經轉形菌株。為進行次篩,需要具顯著數量至少30個經轉形菌株。
此在於藉由PCR以特異性寡核苷酸(SEQ ID No.3及SEQ
ID No.4)擴增3βHSD異質性基因,也就是使用對3βHSD基因具有特異性的探針(SEQ ID No.8)之放射線照相術。此篩選需要在補充腺嘌呤之基本培養基上挑選出具顯著數量至少500個至1000個經轉形菌株。
「功能」次篩:在該等經轉形菌株於選擇性培養基上生長步驟之後,以「Käppeli」培養基(含有葡萄糖及乙醇為碳源)之三角錐瓶規模評估該等經轉形菌株之氫化可體松生產量。於30℃振盪培育3天後,添加2%乙醇。繼續培育達7天。
評估50個經轉形菌株,以進行氫化可體松生產量之統計研究,並根據其等氫化可體松生產量及氫化可體松相對於總類固醇之百分比來挑選出最佳生產者。
在生產結束後,藉由適當的HPLC方法測定氫化可體松及類固醇中間體之濃度。
最佳候選菌株係根據以下準則挑選:(1)高氫化可體松生產力及(2)低量類固醇雜質,從管制角度而言,該等準則是工業開發菌株所需要之特性。
自w303 pFM10菌株中提取pFM10自主性複製質體。
利用此製備物轉形BYM16菌株。運用初篩方法挑選出經轉形菌株,並運用次篩方法評估所挑選菌株中50個菌株之氫化可體松生產含量。
結果呈現於圖1中。觀測到平均氫化可體松效價為43 mg/l,離散度為142%。
最佳生產者菌株顯示出79 mg/l之生產量及89%氫化可體松之百分比,符合工業菌株準則,即高生產率及低量類固醇雜質。
2種整合質體可同時導入至釀酒酵母菌基因組中,每一質體得以使酵母菌表現至少2種異質性基因。
在本發明中,所用質體為:pFM7質體、pCB12質體及pBXL1505質體。
pFM7質體具有牛來源成熟形式之P450scc異質性基因之表現匣(CYP11A1)、牛來源成熟形式之ADX異質性基因之表現匣,另外及營養缺陷型選擇標記URA3(Duport等人,1998)。
pCB12質體具有牛來源3βHSD異質性基因之表現匣、P450c11嵌合異質性基因之表現匣(CYP11B1),另外及營養缺陷型選擇標記ADE2(Dumas等人,1996)。
pBXL1505質體係衍生自pCB12質體;ADE2選擇標記業已被截斷以便使其不活化。
pCB12質體及pBXL1505質體兩者可使用任一者,沒有差別。
製備質體:根據熟習此項技術者所應用的慣常方法(Sambrook等人,1989),藉由在大腸桿菌中之擴增及提取/
純化而製備具有大腸桿菌複製起點之pFM7、pCB12及pBXL1505質體。
pFM7質體以Aat II限制酶進行裂解,以便使其線性化。如此可獲得一條10.5 kb長之雙股線性DNA片段,該片段包括牛來源成熟形式之P450scc異質性基因之表現匣(CYP11A1)、牛來源成熟形式之ADX異質性基因之表現匣,另外及營養缺陷型選擇標記URA3及兩段序列R1及R2(Duport等人,1998)。
pCB12質體以BamHI限制酶進行裂解,可得到兩條雙股線性DNA片段:2.7 kb長之片段,所欲的9.3 kb長之片段,該片段含有牛來源3βHSD異質性基因之表現匣、P450c11嵌合異質性基因之表現匣(CYP11B1),另外及營養缺陷型選擇標記ADE2,及兩段序列R1及R2(Dumas等人,1996)。
藉由瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分離限制酶產物後,根據傳統分子生物技術純化該9.3 kb長之DNA片段。
在一個實驗中,係使用pBXL1505質體取代pCB12質體。限制酶處理相同,並可獲得下列的片段:2.7 kb長之片段,所欲的8.1 kb長之片段,該片段包括牛來源3βHSD異質性基因之表現匣、P450c11嵌合異質性基因之表現匣(CYP11B1)、ADE2標記之截斷序列,另外及兩段序列R1及R2。
轉形作用:在第一組實驗中,用下列的DNA共同轉形具有腺嘌呤及尿嘧啶之雙重營養缺陷型菌株:pFM7質體之10.5 kb長的線性DNA片段,及衍生自pCB12質體之9.3 kb長的線性DNA片段。
在此情況中,該菌株會成為原養型(prototrophic)。
在第二組實驗中,用下列的DNAs共同轉形具有腺嘌呤及尿嘧啶之雙重營養缺陷型菌株:pFM7質體之10.5 kb的線性DNA片段,及衍生自pBXL1505質體之8.1 kb的線性片段。
在此情況中,該菌株仍為腺嘌呤營養缺陷型。
此共同轉形方法可能使得可同時導入4種表現匣。
按照實例1,c中所述,挑選出可產生最高效價氫化可體松之菌株。
以初篩而言,在以衍生自pBXL1505質體之線性DNA片段及pFM7質體之線性DNA片段之共同轉形的特定情況中,此挑選步驟在於挑選出補充有腺嘌呤而不含尿嘧啶之選擇性培養基上之菌株,且為了挑選出整合pBXL1505線性片段之菌株,需要額外的篩選。
運用初篩挑選出以線性pFM7質體及pCB12質體之9.3 kb長片段共同轉形之36個菌株,並運用次篩評估此等36個菌
株之氫化可體松生產率。
結果呈現於圖2中。結果顯示:所觀測之平均氫化可體松效價為28 mg/l,離散度為212%。
最佳生產者菌株具有103 mg/l之氫化可體松生產量及89%氫化可體松之百分比,符合工業菌株標準,即高生產率及低量類固醇雜質。稱其為菌株A。
運用初篩挑選出以線性pFM7質體及pBXL1505質體之8.1 kb長片段共同轉形之74個菌株,並運用次篩評估此等74個菌株之氫化可體松生產率。
結果呈現於圖3中。結果表明:所觀測之平均氫化可體松效價為20 mg/l,離散度為344%。
最佳生產者菌株具有110 mg/l之氫化可體松生產量及89%氫化可體松之百分比,符合工業菌株標準,即高生產率及低量類固醇雜質。稱其為菌株B。
應注意的是,藉由根據本發明方法所獲得之最佳生產者係起因於該實例中所用質體之組合。因此,該等菌株構成所測試質體之組合中最佳的基因組合。
實例2,d-中所述經共同轉形所產生之最佳菌株(菌株A及菌株B)的氫化可體松生產量較實例1所述經pFM10自主性複製質體轉形之最佳菌株高至少+30%。
應用兩種方法,以描繪出經pFM7及pCB12整合質體轉形
之最佳生產者(菌株A)或經pFM7及pBXL1505整合質體轉形之最佳生產者(菌株B)之基因型特性:1.藉由脈衝場電泳分開之染色體的雜交作用,2.基因組DNA之雜交作用,稱為南方墨點技術。
藉由對整個染色體的雜交作用可確認基因的整合,也可定出該基因的位置。此涉及利用「CHEF」(鉗位均勻電場(Contour Clamped Homogenous Electric Fields))技術將染色體分開,隨後針對經整合表現匣進行特異性雜交(Maule 1994)。
為分析菌株A及菌株B,藉由PCR擴增作用建構pFM7整合質體之P450scc表現匣之特異性探針(SEQ ID No.7)及pCB12或pBXL1505整合質體之3βHSD表現匣之特異性探針(SEQ ID No.8),然後藉由dCTP-α-32P進行放射性標記。
該技術顯示,包含P450scc表現匣之DNA片段,另外及包含3βHSD表現匣之DNA片段位於菌株A(圖4,第3道)及B(圖4,第4道)之染色體XII或IV(共同遷移(comigration))上。該等菌株在染色體IV及XII區域顯示單一紋線。相比之下,非產氫化可體松的菌株(即野生型菌株:圖4,第1道及第5道)及親代菌株(圖4,第2道)顯示具有雙條紋線之遷移概況。因此,該等具鑑別性特徵可能可以建立根據本發明可產生氫化可體松菌株所共同的特異性基因特有的特點。
南方墨點法得以精確地定出基因組DNA中經「限制」酶部分裂解之內源性或外源性DNA序列之存在位置。該精確定位係藉由該序列與經標記之特異性探針的雜交作用完成的(Southern,1975)。
根據應用在基因組DNA之限制酶類型,反應出此序列整合的可能方式:在基因組不同區域或基因座中之單一整合、多整合,或在單一基因座中以串聯方式之多整合(圖5)。
為描繪出高生產量菌株的特徵,使用P450scc表現匣之特異性探針(SEQ ID No.7)及3βHSD表現匣之特異性探針(SEQ ID No.8)。將從該等菌株所提取之基因組DNA用HpaI裂解以顯示3βHSD表現匣之存在,或用EcoRV處理以顯示P450scc表現匣之存在(見圖5)。
該技術顯示,包含P450scc表現匣之DNA片段,另外及包含3βHSD表現匣之DNA片段係以串聯方式整合至少10個拷貝。
這種整合型態發現於若干最佳生產者之續代細胞,且該整合型態經證實係相同的。因此,該等整合是具有遺傳穩定性。
因此,該等隨機性多整合既可賦予菌株穩定性且可增加氫化可體松生產量方面的含量。
[pFM7:ori E.coli ori 2μ yeast R1 P Gal10/CYC1 -
matADXbov-T PGK1 URA3 P Gal10/CYC1 -P450sccbov-T PGK1 R2]
[pCB12:ori E.coli R2 P CYC1 -P450c11hybrid-T PGK1 ADE2 P TDH3 -3βHSDbov-T PGK1 R1]
[pBXL1505:ori E.coli R1 P TDH3 -3βHSDbov-T PGK1 ade2 P CYC1 -P450c11hybrid-T PGK1 R2]
[pFM10:ori 2μ yeast R1 P Gal10/CYC1 -matADXbov-T PGK1 URA3 P Gal10/CYC1 -P450sccbov-T PGK1 R2 P CYC1 -P450c11hybrid-T PGK1 ADE2 P TDH3 -3βHSDbov-T PGK1 ]
MATa,ura3-52,LEU2::P CYC1 -ARH1-T PGK1 ,TRP1::P TDH3 -c17bov-T NCP1 _P TEF1 -ADRbov-T PGK1
ypr1::P TEF1 -(c21human)n-T PGK1 ,gcy1::P TDH3 -c21human-T PGK1 ,atf2::P TEF1 -KanMX-T TEF1,
ade2::P GAL10/CYC1 -sterol△7REDArabidopsis-T PGK1, HIS3::P TEF1 -c17bov-T PGK1 _P TDH3 -COXVI yeast ADXbov-T NCP1 ,gal80
a-mater Leu+His+Trp+Ura-Ade-G418R
MATa,ura3-52,LEU2::P CYC1 -ARH1-T PGK1 ,TRP1::P TDH3 -c17bov-T NCP1 _P TEF1 -ADRbov-T PGK1
ypr1::P TEF1 -(c21human)n-T PGK1 ,gcy1::P TDH3 -c21human-T PGK1 ,
atf2::P TEF1 -KanMX-T TEF1,
ade2::P GAL10/CYC1 -sterol △7REDArabidopsis-T PGK1, HIS3::P TEF1 -c17bov-T PGK1 _P TDH3 -COXVI yeast ADXbov-T NCP1 ,gal80
多拷貝之隨機性整合:(P GAL10/CYC1 -ADX-T PGK1 )n,(P GAL10/CYC1 - P450scc -T PGK1 )n,(P TDH3 -3βHSD-T NCP1 )n,(P CYC1 -P450c11 hybrid-T PGK1 )n,URA3n,ADE2n
a-mater Leu+His+Trp+Ura+Ade+G418R
MATa,ura3-52,LEU2::P CYC1 -ARH1-T PGK1 ,TRP1::P TDH3 -c17bov-T NCP1 _P TEF1 -ADRbov-T PGK1
ypr1::P TEF1 -(c21human)n-T PGK1 ,gcy1::P TDH3 -c21human-T PGK1 ,
atf2::P TEF1 -KanMX-T TEF1,
ade2::P GAL10/CYC1 -sterol△7REDArabidopsis-T PGK1, HIS3::P TEF1 -c17bov-T PGK1 _P TDH3 -COXVI yeast ADXbov-T NCP1 ,gal80
多拷貝之隨機性整合:(P GAL10/CYC1 -ADX-T PGK1 )n,(P GAL10/CYC1 -P450scc-T PGK1 )n,(P TDH3 -3βHSD-T NCP1 )n,(P CYC1 -P450c11hybrid-T PGK1 )n,URA3n,ade2n
a-mater Leu+His+Trp+Ura+Ade-G418R
MATa,ura3-52,LEU2::P CYC1 -ARH1-T PGK1 ,TRP1::P TDH3 -
c17bov-T NCP1 _P TEF1 -ADRbov-T PGK1
ypr1::P TEF1 -(c21human)n-T PGK1 ,gcy1::P TDH3 -c21human-T PGK1 ,
atf2::P TEF1 -KanMX-T TEF1,
ade2::P GAL10/CYC1 -sterol△7REDArabidopsis-T PGK1, HIS3::P TEF1 -c17bov-T PGK1 _P TDH3 -COXVI yeast ADXbov-T NCP1 ,gal80
[pFM10:2μ-URA3-ADE2 P GAL10/CYC1 -ADX-T PGK1 P GAL10/CYC1 -P450scc-T PGK1 P TDH3 -3βHSD-T NCP1 P CYC1 -P450c11hybrid-T PGK1 ]
a-mater Leu+His+Trp+Ura+Ade+G418R
MATa leu2-3,112 trp1-1,can1-100,ura3-1,ade2-1,his3-11,15[phi +]
[pFM10:2μ-URA3-ADE2 P GAL10/CYC1 -ADX-T PGK1 P GAL10/CYC1 -P450scc-T PGK1 P TDH3 -3βHSD-T NCP1 P CYC1 -P450c11hybrid-T PGK1 ]
a-mater Leu-His-Trp-Ura+Ade+
Becker D. and Lundblad V. (2001). Manipulation of yeast genes. Introduction of DNA into yeast cells. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol., Chapter 13-Unit 13.7: 1-10.
Broach J. R. (1983). Construction of high copy vectors
using 2 μm circle sequences. Method Enzymol. 101: 307-325.
Brocard-Masson C. and Dumas B. (2006). The fascinating world of steroids: S. cerevisiae as a model organism for the study of hydrocortisone biosynthesis. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev., 22: 213-52.
Dumas B., Cauet G., Lacour T., Degryse E., Laruelle L., Ledoux C., Spagnoli R., and Achstetter T. (1996). 11 beta-hydroxylase activity in recombinant yeast mitochondria. In vivo conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to hydrocortisone. Eur J Biochem. 238: 495-504.
Dumas B., Brocard-Masson C., Assemat-Lebrun K., Achstetter T. (2006). Hydrocortisone made in yeast: Metabolic engineering turns a unicellular microorganism into a drug-synthesizing factory. Biotechnol., 1: 299-307.
Duport C., Spagnoli R., Degryse E., and Pompon D. (1998). Self-sufficient biosynthesis of pregnenolone and progesterone in engineered yeast. Nat Biotechnol. 16: 186-9.
Ito H, Fukuda Y, Murata K, Kimura A. (1983). Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J. Bacteriol., 153: 163-168.
Klebe R. J., Harriss J. V., Sharp Z. D., Douglas M. G. (1983). A general method for polyethylene-glycol-induced
genetic transformation of bacteria and yeast. Gene, 25(2-3): 333-41.
Lopes T. S., Klootwijk J., Veenstra A. E., Van der Aar P. C., Van Heerikhuizen H., Raué H. A., Planta, R. J. (1989). High-copy-number integration into the ribosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a new vector for high-level expression. Gene 79 199-206.
Lopes T. S., Hakkaart G. -J. A. J., Koerts B. L., Raué H. A., Planta R. J. (1991). Mechanism of high-copy-number integration of pMIRY-type vectors into the ribosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene, 105 83-90.
Maule J. (1994). Electrophoretic Karyotype Analysis, PFGE, pages 221-252, in 「Methods, vol. 29: Chromosome Analysis Protocole」, edited by: J. R. Gosden, Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ.
Ménard Szczebara F., Chandelier C., Villeret C., Masurel A., Bourot S., Duport C., Blanchard S., Groisillier A., Testet E., Costaglioli P., Cauet G., Degryse E., Balbuena D., Winter J., Achstetter T., Spagnoli R., Pompon D., Dumas B. (2003). Total biosynthesis of hydrocortisone from a simple carbon source in yeast. Nature biotechnology, 21(2): 143-149.
Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F. and Maniatis T. Molecular cloning, 2nd edition. (1989). Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press.
Southern, E. M. (1975). Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 98: 503-517.
所有以上所引用之參考以引用方式併入本文中。
圖1:經自主性複製質體pFM10轉形之BYM 16菌株之統計分佈柱形圖。
圖2:經自主性複製質體pFM7及pCB12轉形之BYM 16菌株之統計分佈柱形圖。
圖3:經自主性複製質體pFM7及pBXL1505轉形之BYM 16菌株之統計分佈柱形圖。
圖4:親代菌株(第2道)及兩種生產氫化可體松(第3道及第4道)原型菌株之染色體概況與野生型菌株染色體概況(第1道及第5道)之比較。
圖5:南方墨點法原理:A:單一拷貝整合;B.串聯方式之多拷貝整合;x:對應單一拷貝之訊號;y:對應多拷貝整合之所插入片段之訊號特性,訊號強度與所插入拷貝數目成比例。
<110> 法商賽諾菲公司
<120> 製備可高效價生產所欲分子之基因轉形酵母菌之方法
<130> FR2011-042 PCT
<140> 101122293
<141> 2012/06/21
<150> 1155462
<151> 2011/06/21
<160> 8
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
<210> 1
<211> 327
<212> DNA
<213> 人造的
<220>
<223> R1
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<210> 2
<211> 336
<212> DNA
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<210> 3
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<223> 3betaHSD-F
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<223> 3betaHSD-R
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<210> 5
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<213> 人造的
<220>
<223> P450scc-F
<400> 5
<210> 6
<211> 20
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<213> 人造的
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<223> P450scc-R
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<223> P450scc採針
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<213> 人造的
<220>
<223> 3betaHSD採針
<400> 8
Claims (18)
- 一種用以製備生產氫化可體松之酵母菌分離株之方法,其包括:(a)提供具有4種表現匣之2種整合質體,各整合質體包括至少2種表現匣,其中該4種表現匣為P450scc、皮質鐵氧還蛋白(adrcnodoxin)(ADX)、P450c11、及3β-羥基類固醇脫氫酶(3β-HSD),(b)將多拷貝之2種整合質體藉由質體共同轉形至酵母菌而穩定地整合至酵母菌細胞群體中,(c)進行初篩以選擇至少30個酵母菌選殖體,其中選殖體之選擇係基於該等表現匣之存在,及(d)對初篩所選擇之至少30個酵母菌選殖體進行功能次篩,以鑑定生產氫化可體松之酵母菌分離株。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中5至20拷貝質體經整合。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中8至12拷貝質體經整合。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中至少40個選殖體係藉由初篩選擇。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該酵母菌為釀酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisae)。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中至少一種整合質體包含選擇標記。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中步驟(c)中,選殖體之選擇係基於該選擇標記的表現。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中該選擇標記為營養缺陷選擇標 記。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中該營養缺陷標記係選自由以下組成之群:ADE2、URA3、HIS3、LEU2、TRP1及LYS2。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中該選擇標記為抗性標記。
- 如請求項10之方法,其中該抗性標記係選自由以下組成之群:natMX、phMX及KanMX。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該等質體之一包括URA3,而另一質體包括ADE2。
- 如請求項12之方法,其中該ADE2基因係編碼經截斷之不活性蛋白。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該酵母菌生產至少100mg/L之氫化可體松。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該酵母菌所生產類固醇之至少85%為氫化可體松。
- 一種使用如請求項1至15中任一項之方法所製備的生產氫化可體松之酵母菌分離株,其中3β-羥基類固醇脫氫酶匣及P450scc匣二者位於染色體XII或IV上。
- 一種如請求項1至15中任一項之方法所製備之酵母菌分離株之用途,其係用於生產氫化可體松。
- 一種用以生產氫化可體松之方法,其包括:(a)使用如請求項1至15中任一項之方法製備生產氫化可體松之酵母菌分離株;(b)將該酵母菌分離株培養於培養基中;及(c)自該培養基回收及純化該氫化可體松。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6136576A (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 2000-10-24 | Genencor International, Inc. | Method for the recombinant production of 1,3-propanediol |
| US20040137556A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2004-07-15 | Roberto Spagnoli | Yeast strains autonomously producing steroids |
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| CN1042567A (zh) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-05-30 | 吉斯特-布罗卡迪斯公司 | 类固醇多步氧化方法和所用的遗传工程细胞 |
| US5547868A (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1996-08-20 | Regents Of The University Of California | Cholesterol disposal fusion enzymes |
| DE19919124A1 (de) * | 1999-04-27 | 2000-11-23 | Rhein Biotech Proz & Prod Gmbh | Nukleinsäuremolekül, umfassend eine für ein Polypeptid mit Chorismatmutase-Aktivität kodierende Nukleinsäure |
| FR2812884B1 (fr) * | 2000-08-08 | 2002-11-08 | Aventis Pharma Sa | Levures modifiees et utilisations, notamment pour la production de derives steroidiens |
| DE10312314A1 (de) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-09-30 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ergosta-5,7-dienol und/oder dessen biosynthetischen Zwischen- und/oder Folgeprodukten in transgenen Organismen |
| FR2869914B1 (fr) * | 2004-05-06 | 2012-11-09 | Aventis Pharma Sa | Souches de levure produisant du cholesterol et leurs applications |
| FR2976949B1 (fr) * | 2011-06-21 | 2015-08-28 | Sanofi Sa | Procede de preparation de levures genetiquement transformees capables de produire une molecule d'interet a haut titre |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6136576A (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 2000-10-24 | Genencor International, Inc. | Method for the recombinant production of 1,3-propanediol |
| US20040137556A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2004-07-15 | Roberto Spagnoli | Yeast strains autonomously producing steroids |
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| AU2012271942B2 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
| US20200048676A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
| CN103797121B (zh) | 2018-04-10 |
| NO2723868T3 (zh) | 2017-12-23 |
| EP2723868A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| UY34148A (es) | 2013-01-31 |
| US10400261B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 |
| CN103797121A (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
| EP2723868B1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
| AU2012271942A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| FR2976949B1 (fr) | 2015-08-28 |
| FR2976949A1 (fr) | 2012-12-28 |
| US20180245120A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
| DK2723868T3 (en) | 2017-10-30 |
| AR086978A1 (es) | 2014-02-05 |
| WO2012175453A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
| TW201305330A (zh) | 2013-02-01 |
| US20140186885A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
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