TWI540131B - 阿瑞吡坦(aprepitant)l-脯胺酸組成物及共晶體 - Google Patents
阿瑞吡坦(aprepitant)l-脯胺酸組成物及共晶體 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI540131B TWI540131B TW100134362A TW100134362A TWI540131B TW I540131 B TWI540131 B TW I540131B TW 100134362 A TW100134362 A TW 100134362A TW 100134362 A TW100134362 A TW 100134362A TW I540131 B TWI540131 B TW I540131B
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Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/08—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for nausea, cinetosis or vertigo; Antiemetics
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
主張於2010年9月23日提出申請之美國申請案序號61/385,744之優先權;主張於2011年2月4日提出申請之美國申請案序號61/439,654之優先權;及主張於2011年6月17日提出申請之美國申請案序號61/498,214之優先權;其等之揭露內容在此併入本案以為參考資料。
本發明係有關於一種新穎的阿瑞吡坦(aprepitant)組成物與一種含有阿瑞吡坦的晶質化合物;更詳細地,本發明係有關於一種阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸組成物、一種阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸共晶體、阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸或阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸共晶體之治療用途及含有一種阿瑞吡坦共晶體之藥學組成物。
癌症病患在疾病歷程與治療期間普遍經歷噁心與嘔吐。噁心及/或嘔吐可能是癌症本身或其治療的結果。阿瑞吡坦即如下所示之2-(R)-(1-(R)-(3,5-雙(三氟甲基)-苯基)乙氧基)-3-(S)-(4-氟)-苯基-4-(3-(5-側氧-1H,4H-1,2,4-三唑)甲基啉,係一種P物質/神經激肽第一型(NK1)受體拮抗劑,其用於預防與嘔吐及中度與高度致吐性化學治療關聯的急性與遲發性噁心及用於預防手術後噁心與嘔吐(PONV)。
P物質(神經激肽第一型:NK-1)的神經肽受體係遍佈哺乳類動物的神經系統、循環系統與周邊組織,及涉及數種生物過程的調節作用,包括嗅覺、視覺、疼痛、血管擴張、胃蠕動及動作控制的感官知覺。正在研究P物質拮抗劑對於神經精神疾病、發炎性疾病、疼痛(包括偏頭痛)、皮膚病、氣喘與其他呼吸系統疾病及嘔吐之效用。已知P物質係通常亦稱為癢症的皮膚瘙癢之一種主要介質。研究曾報導身為一種P物質拮抗劑之阿瑞吡坦可能在治療皮膚瘙癢方面具有療效(S.Stnder於2010年期刊“PLoSOne”第5(6)期第e10968頁之“以阿瑞吡坦靶向神經激肽受體第1型:一種新穎的止癢策略(Targeting the neurokinin Receptor 1 with aprepitant: a novel antipruritic strategy)”乙文)。癢症或皮膚刺激的類型包括但不限於:a)牛皮癬性皮膚瘙癢、由於血液透析之癢症、水源性皮膚瘙癢及由皮膚疾患(如接觸性皮膚炎)、全身性疾患、神經病變、心因性因素或其組合所引起的癢症;b)由過敏性反應、昆蟲咬傷、過敏症(如乾燥型皮膚、粉刺、濕疹、牛皮癬)、發炎病況或損傷所引起的癢症;c)與外陰前庭炎關聯的癢症;及d)因另一項治療的投藥作用諸如例如抗生素、抗病毒藥物及抗組織胺藥物而起之皮膚刺激或發炎作用。
已證實NK1受體在廣泛的腫瘤細胞中過度表現,及證實NK1受體拮抗劑諸如阿瑞吡坦與該等受體之結合作用可抑制腫瘤細胞增生作用、血管生成及腫瘤細胞之遷移。試管內研究已顯示阿瑞吡坦在包括惡性黑色素瘤、神經母細胞瘤、胰臟癌、胃癌及結腸癌細胞系的數種癌細胞系中之效用。該等研究表明阿瑞吡坦作為廣效抗腫瘤藥物之潛力(M.Muoz.於2010年四月期刊“Invest New Drugs”第28(2)期第187-93頁之“作為廣效抗腫瘤藥物之NK-1受體拮抗劑阿瑞吡坦(The NK-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant as a broad spectrum antitumor drug)”乙文)。
P物質涉及面對壓力的反應以及與酬賞相關的行為(P. W. Mantyh於1987年期刊“Brain Research”第307期第147-165頁乙文)。目前進行的臨床試驗正探討身為一種P物質拮抗劑之阿瑞吡坦是否可能對於與成癮物質諸如酒精、古柯鹼、鴉片、大麻及煙草相關聯的渴求及依賴性具有一正面效應。
生物藥劑學分類系統(BCS)將阿瑞吡坦分類為第IV類藥物,表明其係一種可溶性低與滲透性低的API。水溶性不佳的API之特徵通常在於吸收作用低及生物可利用性不佳。阿瑞吡坦係一種白色至灰白色晶質固體,其少量溶於乙醇與乙酸異丙酯中,略可溶於乙腈,但實際上不溶於水。阿瑞吡坦係由CAS登錄號170729-80-3識別。阿瑞吡坦連同其一種製備方法係揭露於PCT申請案WO 95/16679中。亦參見第5,719,147號、第6,048,859號及第6,235,735號美國專利。第6,096,742號美國專利述及阿瑞吡坦的多晶型。
目前核准阿瑞吡坦用於預防與化學治療關聯的噁心與嘔吐及亦用於預防手術後噁心與嘔吐。其係由默克(Merck)公司以含有40毫克、80毫克及125毫克的阿瑞吡坦之口服用膠囊劑形式上市銷售。所研發的阿瑞吡坦目前係以奈米微粒調配物形式上市銷售,以克服其可溶性/滲透性不佳之性質。如參見第5,145,684號美國專利。但即使使用奈米微粒調配物,阿瑞吡坦的平均絕對生物可利用性僅為60至65%。
因此需要研發溶解作用、可溶性改善及/或生物可利用性增加之新型阿瑞吡坦。本發明的阿瑞吡坦組成物及共晶體係回應該等需求。
雖然有效藥劑成分(API)的首要關注點係在於治療功效,一候選藥物的鹽類與固態形式(亦即晶質或非晶質形式)可攸關其藥理性質諸如生物可利用性,及攸關其成為一種可行的API之研發工作。近來,已使用API的晶型來改變一特定API的物理化學性質。一候選藥物的各晶型可具有不同的固態(物理與化學)性質。API之一種新穎固體形式(諸如原治療化合物的一種共晶體或多晶型)所展現的物理性質之差異,係影響藥學參數諸如儲存安定性、可壓縮性與密度(在調配物與產品之製造方面為重要的)及可溶性與溶解速率(決定生物可利用性的重要因素)。因為該等實際物理性質係受到API晶型的固態性質之影響,其等可顯著影響選擇一化合物作為API之作用、最終的藥學劑型、製程最佳化作用及體內吸收作用。此外,找出最適合進一步藥物研發之固態形式,可減少該項研發的時間與成本。
獲得一種API的晶型在藥物研發中係非常有用的。其促成對於候選藥物的化學與物理性質之更佳的特徵分析。亦可能藉由形成一種API共晶體與一種構形物而達成一特定API的所欲性質。晶型所具有的化學與物理性質通常優於其非晶質狀態的游離鹼。如同本發明的共晶體,該等晶型所具有的藥學與藥理性質可能比API本身的已知形式更有利或更容易加工處理。例如,一種共晶體所具有的溶解作用與可溶性性質可能與API本身不同,及可在治療方面用於傳輸API。包含一種特定API的共晶體之新穎藥物調配物所具有之性質,可能優於其現有的藥物調配物。其等亦可具有較佳的儲存安定性。
API之另一個潛在重要的固態性質係其於含水液體中的溶解速率。一種活性成分在病患胃液中的溶解速率可能具有治療的後果,因其影響一種口服投藥的活性成分可達到病患血流之速率。
一種API共晶體係該API與構形物之一種獨特的化學組成物,及當與API與構形物所具有者個別比較時,一般具有獨特的結晶學與光譜學性質。除其他技術以外,晶型的結晶學與光譜學性質典型係藉由X光粉末繞射(XRPD)與單晶X光結晶學測量。共晶體通常亦展現獨特的熱行為。熱行為係在實驗室中藉由諸如毛細管熔點、熱重量分析(TGA)及差示掃描量熱法(DSC)之技術測量。
本發明係有關於一種1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水合物組成物與一種1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體,以及含有其與一種藥學上可接受的載劑之藥學組成物。該共晶體所具有的溶解速率係優於阿瑞吡坦。藉由與阿瑞吡坦相同之方式,該1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水組成物及共晶體可用於治療或預防與嘔吐、一種神經精神疾病、一種炎性疾病、疼痛、癌症、一種皮膚病、癢症、一種呼吸系統疾病或一種癮症相關的疾患。
第1圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之XRPD圖譜。
第2圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之分子A於100K之ORTEP圖。
第3圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體的分子B於100K之ORTEP圖。
第4圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於100K之堆積圖。
第5圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於100K之計算所得的XRPD圖譜。
第6圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於294K之ORTEP圖。
第7圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於294K之堆積圖。
第8圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於294K之計算所得的XRPD圖譜。
第9圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之DSC軌跡。
第10圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之TGA軌跡。
第11圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之1H NMR光譜。
第12圖顯示使用偶極退相所記錄之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之13C固態NMR光譜。
第13圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體與晶質阿瑞吡坦在含有2.2% SDS的蒸餾水中之頭30分鐘期間的平均溶解廓型。
第14圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體在40℃/75%相對濕度之6個月的加速穩定性研究期間的不同時間點之XRPD圖譜的疊圖。
本發明係有關於阿瑞吡坦的物理化學及/或藥學性質之改善。在此揭露一種新穎的阿瑞吡坦組成物、1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水合物與阿瑞吡坦的一種共晶體、一種1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體。該共晶體的溶解速率係優於晶質阿瑞吡坦本身,及不需配製成奈米微粒。該阿瑞吡坦共晶體的治療用途以及含有該共晶體的治療組成物係如下所述。該共晶體及用於進行其特徵分析之方法係如下所述。
本發明進一步有關於本發明的阿瑞吡坦組成物與共晶體、1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體在治療或預防嘔吐及如上述的嘔吐及/或噁心之治療用途。本發明的阿瑞吡坦組成物或共晶體亦可用於治療如上所論及之神經精神疾病、發炎性疾病、疼痛(包括偏頭痛)、癌症、皮膚病、癢症、氣喘與其他呼吸系統疾病、癮症疾患諸如酗酒。因此,本發明係有關於治療該一疾患之方法,其步驟包括對於需要的一病患投予一治療有效量之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水,或對於需要的一病患投予含有本發明的阿瑞吡坦組成物或共晶體之一治療組成物。
“治療作用”或“治療”一詞,係指一哺乳類動物中的一病況或疾患之任何治療作用,其包括:預防或保護免於該病況或疾患,亦即使臨床症狀不出現;抑制該病況或疾患,亦即阻止或抑制臨床症狀之發生;及/或紓緩該病況或疾患(包括紓緩與該病況或疾患相關聯之不適),亦即使臨床症狀消退。嫻熟人類醫學技藝者將瞭解,並非總是可以區分“預防”與“抑制”,因最終的一或多個感應事件可能是未知、潛伏的,或病患並不確定直到該一或多個事件發生許久之後。因此,如在此所用之”預防”一詞係意欲作為“治療”之一元素,而同時涵蓋該病況或疾患之“預防”與“抑制”。”保護作用”一詞係意欲包括“預防”。
本發明亦有關於藥學組成物,其包含一治療有效量之如本發明之一種1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水組成物或共晶體及一種藥學上可接受的載劑(亦稱作一種藥學上可接受的賦形劑)。如上述,該等藥學組成物係在治療上適用於治療或預防諸如上文所論及之與嘔吐、一種神經精神疾病、一種炎性疾病、疼痛、癌症、一種皮膚病、癢症、一種呼吸系統疾病或一種癮症相關之疾患。
本發明的一種藥學組成物可為含有如本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水組成物或共晶體之任何藥學形式。該藥學組成物例如可為一種錠劑、膠囊劑、液態懸液劑、注射劑、外用劑或貼劑。可製備包含本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水合物之液態藥學組成物。該藥學組成物一般含有例如約1%至約99重量%之本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水組成物或共晶體,及例如99%至1重量%之至少一種適宜的藥學賦形劑。在一實施例中,該組成物可為約介於5%與約75重量%之間之本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水組成物或共晶體,及其餘為如下所述之至少一種適宜的藥學賦形劑或至少一種其他佐劑。
“如本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水組成物或共晶體之治療有效量”,係對應於約25至約250毫克的阿瑞吡坦本身。如上述,默克(Merck)公司係以Emend商標銷售40毫克、80毫克與125毫克的阿瑞吡坦膠囊劑或115毫克的注射劑。Emend產品係處方用於預防與化療相關的首日噁心與嘔吐,及持續預防可在治療5天後發生之遲發性噁心。典型劑量約為在第1天化學治療前1小時投予125毫克,在第2與3天化學治療前1小時投予80毫克。EMEND處方資訊。
用於治療任一特定病況或疾患或任一特定病患所需之實際劑量,可能取決於多種因素,例如包括所治療的疾病狀態及其嚴重性;所用的特定藥學組成物;病患的年齡、體重、整體健康狀況、性別與飲食;投藥模式;投藥時間;投藥途徑;及阿瑞吡坦的排出速率;治療持續時間;與所用的特定化合物合併或同時使用之任何藥物;及其他在醫學技藝中眾所周知的該等因素。該等因素係論述於麥格羅-希爾(McGraw-Hill)出版公司於2001年出版及由A. Gilman、J. Hardman與L. Limbitd編輯之Goodman與Gilman的“治療學之藥理基礎(The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics)”第10版第155-173頁,其在此併入本案以為參考資料。
依藥學組成物的類型而定,藥學上可接受的載劑可選自技藝中所知的任一載劑或其組合。藥學上可接受的載劑之選擇,係依藥劑形式與待使用的所欲投藥方法而定。就本發明的一種藥學組成物亦即具有本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體者而言,應選擇維持該晶型之一種載劑。換言之,該載劑不應顯著改變1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體。該載劑亦不應在其他情況與所用之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體不相容,諸如藉由產生不良的生物效應或在其他情況以有害的方式與該藥學組成物的其他任何組分交互作用。因為,如下列的溶解研究所示,1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體一旦溶解之後將留存於溶液中而無阿瑞吡坦的再沉澱作用,本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水合物組成物可用於製備阿瑞吡坦的液態調配物。
可藉由藥劑配製技藝中所知的方法,製備本發明的藥學組成物,例如參見雷明頓製藥學(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences)乙書第18版(美國賓州伊斯頓(Easton)之麥克(Mack)出版公司於1990年出版),其在此併入本案以為參考資料。在一種固體劑型中,1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體可與至少一種藥學上可接受的賦形劑摻和,諸如例如檸檬酸鈉或磷酸二鈣或(a)填料或增量劑,諸如例如澱粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇及矽酸;(b)黏合劑,諸如例如纖維素衍生物、澱粉、褐藻酸鹽、明膠、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、蔗糖及阿拉伯膠;(c)保濕劑,諸如例如甘油;(d)崩散劑,諸如例如瓊脂、碳酸鈣、馬鈴薯或樹薯澱粉、褐藻酸、交聯型羧甲基纖維素鈉、複合矽酸鹽及碳酸鈉;(e)溶液阻滯劑,諸如例如石蠟;(f)吸收加速劑,諸如例如四級銨化合物;(g)濕潤劑,諸如例如十六醇及單硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸鎂之類;(h)吸附劑,諸如例如高嶺土與膨潤土;及(i)潤滑劑,諸如例如滑石、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂、固態聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸鈉或其混合物。在膠囊劑、錠劑及丸劑之情況下,該劑型亦可包含緩衝劑。其他適用於口服投藥的調配物可為如膠囊劑、藥袋或含片之離散單元形式;散劑或顆粒劑之形式;在一種含水液體或非水液體諸如乙醇或甘油中的液劑或懸液劑之形式;或水包油型乳劑或油包水型乳劑之形式。大丸劑、舐劑或糊劑也可能相關。適宜的油類可為食用油,諸如棉籽油、芝麻油、椰子油或花生油。適用於含水懸液劑之分散或懸浮劑包括合成或天然膠類,諸如黃蓍膠、褐藻酸鹽、阿拉伯膠、聚葡糖、羧甲基纖維素鈉、明膠、甲基纖維素、羥基丙基甲基纖維素、羥基丙基纖維素、卡波姆(carbomer)及聚乙烯吡咯啶酮。
在本發明的藥學組成物中,亦可使用藥劑配製技藝中所知之藥學上可接受的佐劑。其等包括但不限於防腐劑、濕潤劑、懸浮劑、甜化劑、調味劑、香化劑、乳化劑及分散劑。可藉由納入抗細菌劑與抗真菌劑例如對羥基苯甲酸酯類、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸之類,而確保防止微生物的作用。包括等張劑例如糖類、氯化鈉之類也可能是可取的。若需要,本發明的一種藥學組成物亦可含有少量的輔助性物質諸如濕潤劑或乳化劑、pH值緩衝劑、抗氧化劑之類,諸如例如檸檬酸、失水山梨醇單硬脂酸酯、三乙醇胺油酸酯、丁基化羥基甲苯等。
如上述的固態劑型可製備具有模衣與殼層,諸如技藝中眾所周知的腸溶膜衣與他者。其等可含有安撫劑,及亦可為以延遲方式在腸道的一特定部分釋出一或多種活性化合物或化合物之該等組成物。可用的嵌入式組成物之非限制性實例為聚合性物質與蠟。該等活性化合物亦可為微膠囊形式,如果適當則可具有上述之一或多種賦形劑。
懸液劑除了活性化合物之外,可含有懸浮劑,諸如例如乙氧基化異硬脂醇類、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇與去水山梨醇酯類、微晶纖維素、偏氫氧化鋁、膨潤土、瓊脂與黃蓍膠或該等物質的混合物之類。液態劑型可含水,可含有一種藥學上可接受的溶劑以及技藝中所知的習用液態劑型賦形劑,其包括但不限於緩衝劑、調味劑、甜化劑、防腐劑及安定劑。
可藉由將1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體與在常溫可為固態但在體溫可為液態之例如適宜的無刺激性賦形劑或載劑諸如可可脂、聚乙二醇或栓蠟混合,而製備供直腸投藥用的組成物例如栓劑,及因此在適當的體腔中釋出此述之有效成分。
適於局部投藥用的組成物包括液態或半液態製劑,諸如擦劑、洗劑、凝膠劑、塗劑、水包油型或油包水型乳劑諸如乳膏劑、軟膏劑、糊劑或泡沫劑;或如技藝中所知的溶液劑或懸液劑,諸如滴劑。在本發明的組成物係規劃供局部投藥之情況下,載劑可適宜地包含一種溶液劑、乳劑、軟膏劑或凝膠劑基底。該載劑或基底例如可包含下列一或多者:石蠟脂、羊毛脂、聚乙二醇、蜂蠟、礦物油、稀釋劑諸如水與酒精及乳化劑與安定劑。增稠劑可存在於供局部投藥的藥學組成物中。若規劃供透皮投藥,該組成物可包括一種透皮貼劑或離子電滲裝置。局部用調配物所含有的本發明化合物濃度可自約0.1至約10%重量/體積(每單位體積之重量)。
因為在製備期間可維持1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體,本發明的藥學組成物較佳為固體劑型。可使用供口服投藥的固體劑型,其包括膠囊劑、錠劑、丸劑、粉末及顆粒劑。在該等固體劑型中,活性化合物可與至少一種惰性、藥學上可接受的賦形劑(亦稱作一種藥學上可接受的載劑)混合。如本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水組成物及共晶體,亦可用於配製液態或可注射式藥學組成物。純的形式或位於適宜的藥學組成物中之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水化合物或共晶體之投藥作用,可經由提供類似效用的投藥作用或藥劑之任一被接受的模式進行。因此,投藥作用可為例如以口、頰、鼻、非經腸(靜脈內、肌內或皮下)、局部、透皮、陰道內、膀胱內、系統內或直腸方式,投予固態、半固態、冷凍乾燥粉末或液態劑型之形式諸如例如錠劑、栓劑、丸劑、柔質彈性與硬質明膠膠囊劑、散劑、溶液劑、懸液劑或氣化噴霧劑或之類,諸如例如藉由適於精確劑量的簡單投藥作用之單位劑型。一種投藥途徑可為口服投藥,其係使用可依據待治療病況的嚴重程度而調整之一種便利的每日給藥方式。
使用下列分析方法進行本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之特徵分析:X光粉末繞射特徵分析:在使用CuKα輻射(40千伏、40毫安培)、θ-2θ測角器、V4接收狹縫、一種鍺單色光器及一種聯凱(Lynxeye)檢測器之布魯克(Bruker) D8繞射儀上,取得試樣的X光粉末繞射圖譜。使用一種認證過的剛玉(Corundum)標準品(NIST 1976),進行該儀器的性能檢測。使用步輻為0.05° 2Θ及每步時間為0.5秒,在2°至42° 2Θ的角度範圍,在環境溫度收集數據。使用所收到未經研磨的粉末,製備在環境條件下運作之平板樣品形式的試樣。將約35毫克的試樣輕緩地裝至切割至拋光、零背景(510)矽晶圓中的一腔。使用Diffrac Plus EVA第11.0.0.2版或第13.0.0.2版分析所有試樣。
單晶X光繞射(SCXRD):在牛津(Oxford)繞射超新星雙重型(SuperNova Dual)來源、0價銅、配備有一個牛津低溫系統低溫流(Cryosystems Cryostream)冷卻裝置的阿特拉斯(Atlas) CCD繞射儀上,收集數據。使用布魯克(Bruker) SHELXTL程式解析結構,及以身為布魯克SHELXTL套裝程式的一部分之SHELXTL程式加以精修。除非另有說明,與碳連接的氫原子係以幾何學方式放置及容許以一個橫向各向同性位移參數精修。與雜原子連接的氫原子係位於一種差分傅立葉(Fourier)合成中,及容許以一個各向同性位移參數自由地精修。
熱分析-差示掃描量熱法(DSC):在配備有一種50位自動採樣器之TA儀器公司的Q2000上,收集DSC數據。使用藍寶石進行熱容量之校正,及使用認證過的銦進行能量與溫度之校正。典型地將位於具針孔的鋁鍋中之0.8至1.2毫克的各試樣,以10℃/分鐘自25℃加熱至350℃。在試樣上方維持50毫升/分鐘的乾燥氮氣之吹洗。儀器控制軟體為供Q系列用的Advantage第2.8.0.392版及Thermal Advantage第4.8.3版。使用環球分析(Universal Analysis)第4.3A版軟體進行所有數據之分析。
熱重量分析(TGA):在配備有一種16位自動採樣器之TA儀器公司的Q500 TGA上,收集TGA數據。使用認證過的亞鋁美(Alumel)校正儀器的溫度。典型地將5至30毫克的各試樣裝載至一個預先去皮重的鉑坩堝與鋁製DSC鍋,及以10℃/分鐘自環境溫度加熱至350℃。在試樣上方維持60毫升/分鐘的氮氣吹洗。儀器控制軟體為供Q系列用的Advantage第2.8.0.392版及Thermal Advantage第4.8.3版。
溶液質子NMR:在配備有一種自動採樣器及由一個DRX400控制臺所控制之布魯克(Bruker) 400 MHz光譜儀上,記錄1H-NMR光譜。將試樣溶於d6-DMSO中,以進行分析。使用標準布魯克(Bruker)加載實驗,使用以Topspin第1.3版(插線等級8)運作之ICON-NMR第4.0.4版(建構1),而取得數據。
藉由卡爾費雪(Karl Fischer)滴定法(KF)測定水:使用海卓納(Hydranal)庫倫法AG試劑與氬氣吹洗,在梅特勒托利多(Mettler Toledo) DL39庫倫計上,測量各試樣的含水量。在與一瓶塞連接以避免水滲入之鉑製TGA鍋上的容器中,加入稱重過的固體試樣。每次滴定使用約10毫克的試樣,及進行三重複測定。
13C固態NMR:使用針對13C在100.56 MHz運作的瓦里安(Varian) VNMRS光譜儀及一種6毫米(轉子外徑)魔角旋轉探針,在環境溫度獲得13C NMR光譜。使用一種質子去偶合型正交極化魔角旋轉實驗及在再循環3.5秒、接觸時間5毫秒及旋轉速率6.8 KHz的取得條件下,在環境溫度取得光譜。使用退相延遲為50微秒之“偶極退相”光譜編輯,而記錄光譜。光譜係參照無水的外加四甲基矽烷(藉由將來自金剛烷的高頻線設於38.5 ppm)。
安定性研究X光粉末繞射特徵分析:在使用CuKα輻射(45千伏、40毫安培)、θ-θ測角器、聚焦鏡、發散狹縫(1/2英吋)、入射光束與發散光束(4毫米)的平行狹縫及一種PIXcel檢測器之一種P分析繞射儀上,在規定的時間點收集X光粉末繞射圖譜。用於數據收集之軟體為X’Pert數據收集器第2.2f版,及該數據係使用X’Pert數據瀏覽器第1.2d版呈現。藉由如下所列供試樣分析用之同一批程式,使用一種矽與苯甲酸標準品進行儀器驗證。試樣係在環境條件下運作,及使用如所收到的粉末,藉由傳輸箔XRPD進行分析。將約2至5毫克的試樣安置在由聚醯亞胺薄膜((凱普頓((Kapton))及厚度為12.7微米)所支撐的一個96位試樣板上。板的高度(Z)係設為9毫米。在3至40° 2θ之範圍,以連續掃描(速度為0.2° 2θ/秒)收集數據。
如下製備供特徵分析用之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體批料:將阿瑞吡坦(300毫克)與L-脯胺酸(64.6毫克)稱重置入一個玻璃小瓶中。在該瓶中添加硝基甲烷(1.5毫升)。將所產生的漿料置於振盪器中,及熟化5天(在8小時的循環中自室溫至50℃,加熱至50℃達4小時然後在另外4小時冷卻至室溫)。然後在真空中過濾該產物,及所得的晶體在40℃的真空烘箱中乾燥過夜。
1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之實驗XRPD圖譜係示於第1圖中。第1表列出角度即°2θ±0.2°2θ及第1圖的實驗XRPD圖譜中所辨識出之各峰的d-間距。各峰的完整清單或其一子集,可能足以表徵該共晶體。例如,該共晶體的特徵可能在於選自位於6.4、9.4、11.9、12.9、14.6及18.8°2θ±0.2°2θ的峰中之至少三個峰,以及在於與第1圖實質相似之XRPD圖譜。
如下製備供測定單晶結構用之晶體:將如前述所製備約20毫克(目視估計)之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體批料置於一個玻璃的HPLC小瓶中,及添加1毫升的硝基甲烷。將試樣置於50℃的振盪器上約30分鐘,然後移出及迅速地過濾至一個乾淨的玻璃小瓶中。以薄膜覆蓋小瓶,然後刺穿薄膜以容許緩慢的蒸發作用與晶體形成作用。從該方法所形成的晶體中分離出一種適宜的單晶。
在100 K所測量的結構之單晶數據與結構精修參數,係報導於下列第2表中。在該晶體結構的不對稱單元中有二種1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之分子,及標示為分子A與分子B。分子A與B二者之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體的ORTEP圖係分別示於第2與3圖中。第2圖係1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之分子A於100 K之顯示所用的編號方案之一圖。第3圖係1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之分子B於100 K之顯示所用的編號方案之一圖。在第2與3圖中,非氫原子之各向異性原子位移橢球體係以50%的機率水平顯示。氫原子係以一任意小的半徑顯示。1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於100 K、以虛線顯示氫鍵、向下觀看單元晶胞的a-軸之一堆積圖,係示於第4圖中。
基於1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於100K之單晶數據與結構所計算之XRPD圖譜,係示於第5圖中。亦注意到在一些峰中出現小幅的溫度位移,其係由於實驗XRPD圖譜係在室溫所收集而計算所得的XRPD圖譜係衍生自100 K所收集的數據之事實。由於實驗圖譜中所存在的優選位向效應,亦存在小幅的強度差異。
可在環境溫度實驗XRPD(第1圖)與自100 K的單晶數據計算所得的XRPD圖譜(第5圖)之間觀察到細微差異。在環境溫度如約294 K,收集1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體的第二組SCXRD數據。
在294K所測量的結構之單晶數據與結構精修參數,係報導於下列第3表中。在該晶體結構的不對稱單元中有1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之單一分子。1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之ORTEP圖係示於第6圖中。第6圖係1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之分子A於294 K之顯示所用的編號方案之一圖。非氫原子之各向異性原子位移橢球體係以30%的機率水平顯示。氫原子係以一任意小的半徑顯示。1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於294 K、以虛線顯示氫鍵、向下觀看單元晶胞的a-軸之一堆積圖,係示於第7圖中。
第2與3表中所呈現之晶體數據,亦可用於表徵本發明之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體。該共晶體的特徵可能在於諸如其空間群或其單元晶胞尺寸之參數,如在約294K的溫度之P212121空間群;或在約294K的溫度之a=9.1963(4)埃、b=12.8332(9)埃、c=27.4289(19)埃、α=90°、β=90°及γ=90°之單元晶胞尺寸。
基於1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於294 K之單晶數據與結構所計算之XRPD圖譜,係示於第8圖中。在該情況下,可以看出在室溫所收集的實驗XRPD圖譜與自294 K所收集數據衍生之計算所得的XRPD圖譜之間之一致性良好。由於實驗圖譜中所存在的優選位向效應,而存在小幅的強度差異。
1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體所得之差示掃描量熱法(DSC)軌跡係示於第9圖中。在125至170℃之溫度範圍觀察到廣泛的吸熱,接著為起始溫度為220.9℃及最大峰值為224.0℃之吸熱。
在第10圖的熱重量分析(TGA)軌跡中,可看出在100至190℃的溫度範圍之重量損失為2.7%,其係對應於1莫耳的水。1.6 1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之1H NMR光譜
1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之1H NMR光譜係示於第11圖中,其顯示下列各峰:1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO) δ: 11.30(1H),7.86(1H),7.51(2H),7.37(2H),7.08(2H),4.94(1H),4.34(1H),4.12(1H),3.64(1H),3.49(1H),3.35(1H),3.21(1H),3.01(1H),2.83(1H),2.75(1H),2.39(1H),1.97(2H),1.73(2H)及1.36(3H)。1H NMR光譜中之位於1.97 ppm的峰,係對應於L-脯胺酸之吡咯啶環上的二個質子。該峰之積分與對應於阿瑞吡坦的一個芳族質子之位於7.86 ppm的峰之比較顯示,該共晶體所具有的阿瑞吡坦:L-脯胺酸化學計量為1:1。
1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之卡爾費雪分析顯示,該試樣含有2.9%的水,其係相當於1.1莫耳的水,其係與在共晶體中顯示每個API分子有1分子的水之SCXRD結構一致。
使用偶極退相之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之13C固態NMR光譜,係示於第12圖中。“偶極退相”測量係僅遺留來自四級與甲基碳之訊號以及任何相關的旋轉邊帶。第4表列出在第12圖之實驗13C NMR光譜中所觀察到的特徵性位移,ppm+/-0.5 ppm。
使用美國藥典儀器2,在含有2.2% SDS的蒸餾水中檢視1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體相較於純晶質阿瑞吡坦之試管內溶解行為。第5表包含所用方法的全部細節。在各溶解實驗中使用提供125毫克的阿瑞吡坦之物料,及在各實驗中之試驗試樣係以鬆散粉末形式直接添加至溶解介質。
使用具有紫外線可變波長檢測之安捷倫(Agilent)1100/1200系列HPLC系統,藉由HPLC/UV進行分析。所用HPLC方法之細節係示於第6表中。在乙腈中製備0.14毫克/毫升的標準品。將所有標準品與試樣溶液過濾通過0.45微米的過濾器。
以三重複方式進行1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體與純的阿瑞吡坦之溶解實驗。在不同時間點所得之平均溶解值係示於第6表中。第13圖說明在頭30分鐘期間所觀察到之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體與純的阿瑞吡坦之平均溶解廓型。自第7表可看出,在該等試驗條件下,該共晶體在1分鐘內已溶解超過93%而純的API在該時間僅溶解18.5%。結果發現純的晶質阿瑞吡坦幾乎直到溶解實驗結束(180分鐘)時,方能達到共晶體在該研究的第一分鐘內所達到的相同溶解水平。該溶解研究顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸共晶體不僅在該等條件下展現迅速的溶解速率,該共晶體一旦溶解後即留存於溶液中及在該等條件下並無API的再沉澱作用,其表明1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體可用於製備液態藥學調配物。
進行安定性研究,從而就1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體在加速條件下隨時間解離成為其起始組分方面,檢視其物理安定性。將等量之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體置於7個透明的玻璃小瓶中。該等玻璃小瓶係以塑膠螺旋蓋鬆散地密封,從而提供對於固體物轉移之一障壁,但仍允許與外界環境達成水分平衡。小瓶在試樣上方的頂部空間估計超過小瓶總體積的95%。將所有7個試樣放置在一個托盤上,及儲存於一個40℃/75%相對濕度的安定性櫃組內。在如第8表中所示的預定時間點將個別試樣取出,及藉由XRPD檢視。在每個時間點檢視所得的XRPD圖譜係具有1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之特徵,而無任一起始物料之證據。第14圖說明在時間點0、3個月與6個月所得之XRPD圖譜。第14圖係1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體在40℃/75%相對濕度之6個月的加速穩定性研究期間之該等時間點之XRPD圖譜的疊圖。可看出該試樣在6個期間並無明顯的變化及並無解離成為任一起始物料之證據,其表明1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體在該等條件下安定。
亦如下製備1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體:將阿瑞吡坦(500毫克)與L-脯胺酸(107.7毫克)稱重置入一個玻璃小瓶中。在該瓶中添加乙腈(2.5毫升)與水(0.5毫升)。將所產生的漿料置於振盪器中,及熟化3天(在8小時的循環中自室溫至50℃,加熱至50℃達4小時然後在另外4小時冷卻至室溫)。然後在真空中過濾該產物,之後讓其在環境條件下乾燥過夜。XRPD分析確認該產物係與1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體相同。
第1圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之XRPD圖譜。
第2圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之分子A於100K之ORTEP圖。
第3圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體的分子B於100K之ORTEP圖。
第4圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於100K之堆積圖。
第5圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於100K之計算所得的XRPD圖譜。
第6圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於294K之ORTEP圖。
第7圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於294K之堆積圖。
第8圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體於294K之計算所得的XRPD圖譜。
第9圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之DSC軌跡。
第10圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之TGA軌跡。
第11圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之1H NMR光譜。
第12圖顯示使用偶極退相所記錄之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體之13C固態NMR光譜。
第13圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體與晶質阿瑞吡坦在含有2.2% SDS的蒸餾水中之頭30分鐘期間的平均溶解廓型。
第14圖顯示1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體在40℃/75%相對濕度之6個月的加速穩定性研究期間的不同時間點之XRPD圖譜的疊圖。
Claims (10)
- 一種1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體,其特徵在於下列至少一者:具有選自位於6.4、9.4、11.9、12.9、14.6、18.8及°2θ±0.2°2θ的峰中之至少三個峰之一個粉末X光繞射圖譜;與第1圖實質相似之一個粉末X光繞射圖譜;在約294K的溫度之一種P212121空間群;或在約294K的溫度之a=9.1963(4)埃、b=12.8332(9)埃、c=27.4289(19)埃、α=90°、β=90°及γ=90°之單元晶胞尺寸。
- 一種藥學組成物,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項之一種1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體及一種藥學上可接受的載劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之藥學組成物,其中該藥學組成物係用於治療與嘔吐、一種神經精神疾病、一種炎性疾病、疼痛、癌症、一種皮膚病、癢症、一種呼吸系統疾病、一種癮症相關的疾患。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水共晶體用於製造一藥物的用途,該藥物係用於治療與嘔吐、一種神經精神疾病、一種炎性疾病、疼痛、癌症、一種皮膚病、癢症、一種呼吸系統疾病、一種癮症相關的疾患。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第2項之藥學組成物用於製造一藥 物的用途,該藥物係用於治療與嘔吐、一種神經精神疾病、一種炎性疾病、疼痛、癌症、一種皮膚病、癢症、一種呼吸系統疾病、一種癮症相關的疾患。
- 一種1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水合物。
- 一種藥學組成物,其包含如申請專利範圍第6項之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水合物及一種藥學上可接受的載劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之藥學組成物,該藥學組成物係用於治療與嘔吐、一種神經精神疾病、一種炎性疾病、疼痛、癌症、一種皮膚病、癢症、一種呼吸系統疾病、一種癮症相關的疾患。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第6項之1:1:1的阿瑞吡坦L-脯胺酸水合物用於製造一藥物的用途,該藥物係用於治療與嘔吐、一種神經精神疾病、一種炎性疾病、疼痛、癌症、一種皮膚病、癢症、一種呼吸系統疾病、一種癮症相關的疾患。
- 種如申請專利範圍第7項之藥學組成物用於製造一藥物的用途,該藥物係用於治療與嘔吐、一種神經精神疾病、一種炎性疾病、疼痛、癌症、一種皮膚病、癢症、一種呼吸系統疾病、一種癮症相關的疾患。
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| EP1608339B8 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2012-04-25 | McNeill-PPC, Inc. | Pharmaceutical co-crystal of celecoxib-nicotinamide |
| WO2007147160A2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-21 | Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. | Aprepitant compositions |
| EP2254555A4 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2013-10-09 | Reddys Lab Ltd Dr | APREPITANT FORMS WITH INCREASED SOLUBILITY AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FROM THEREOF |
| EP2618828B1 (en) | 2010-09-23 | 2016-11-23 | Nuformix Limited | Aprepitant l-proline composition and cocrystal |
-
2011
- 2011-09-23 EP EP11779217.6A patent/EP2618828B1/en active Active
- 2011-09-23 WO PCT/IB2011/054210 patent/WO2012038937A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-09-23 CA CA2846460A patent/CA2846460C/en active Active
- 2011-09-23 US US13/825,380 patent/US9029369B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-23 AU AU2011306391A patent/AU2011306391B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-23 ES ES11779217.6T patent/ES2616752T3/es active Active
- 2011-09-23 TW TW100134362A patent/TWI540131B/zh active
- 2011-09-23 KR KR1020137010228A patent/KR101833578B1/ko active Active
- 2011-09-23 CN CN201180055997.5A patent/CN103221049B/zh active Active
- 2011-09-23 JP JP2013529758A patent/JP5997162B2/ja active Active
- 2011-09-23 AR ARP110103486 patent/AR083095A1/es unknown
- 2011-09-23 BR BR112013006651A patent/BR112013006651A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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2013
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|---|---|
| AU2011306391A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
| ES2616752T3 (es) | 2017-06-14 |
| AU2011306391B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
| CA2846460A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| US20130252949A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
| JP5997162B2 (ja) | 2016-09-28 |
| JP2013537901A (ja) | 2013-10-07 |
| TW201217366A (en) | 2012-05-01 |
| CA2846460C (en) | 2019-01-08 |
| KR101833578B1 (ko) | 2018-02-28 |
| WO2012038937A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| BR112013006651A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
| EP2618828B1 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
| CN103221049A (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
| US9029369B2 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
| EP2618828A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| CN103221049B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
| IL225443A0 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| KR20140040671A (ko) | 2014-04-03 |
| HK1187554A1 (zh) | 2014-04-11 |
| AR083095A1 (es) | 2013-01-30 |
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